WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en-US 00:00:05.380 --> 00:00:07.440 00:00:07.440 --> 00:00:09.440 00:00:12.120 --> 00:00:16.240 - Hi everyone the broadcast for today's webinar will start in just a minute here. 00:00:28.340 --> 00:00:30.020 (clears throat) 00:00:31.800 --> 00:00:35.560 and Hanna let me know if you need any help on that. 00:00:37.040 --> 00:00:39.740 Are you still seeing a white screen? 00:00:39.780 --> 00:00:43.760 - Yes, did I let me toggle I'll change the presenter and then give 00:00:43.880 --> 00:00:46.040 it back to you and we'll start over 00:00:46.160 --> 00:00:47.940 oh there it is, oh there it is, you're good. 00:00:48.100 --> 00:00:53.670 - All right, well, welcome everyone to the National Marine Sanctuaries webinar series. 00:00:53.670 --> 00:00:58.110 This series is hosted by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries 00:00:58.110 --> 00:01:03.120 and it's to connect formal and informal educators, as well as other interested 00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:07.350 parties to provide you with the educational and scientific expertise as 00:01:07.350 --> 00:01:11.430 well as the resources and training to support ocean and climate literacy 00:01:11.430 --> 00:01:14.220 principles with your audiences. 00:01:14.220 --> 00:01:17.159 So just a little bit of housekeeping before we get started. 00:01:17.159 --> 00:01:22.319 All of the attendees will be in listen-only mode, but you're still able 00:01:22.319 --> 00:01:27.509 to type out questions to the presenter into the question box that's located in 00:01:27.509 --> 00:01:30.980 your control panel on the right side of your screen. 00:01:30.980 --> 00:01:33.280 If you're having any technical issues, you can also 00:01:33.280 --> 00:01:36.720 send those questions in there as well. 00:01:36.900 --> 00:01:41.020 We'll be monitoring any of the incoming questions and any of the technical issues 00:01:41.100 --> 00:01:44.200 and will respond to them as soon as possible. 00:01:45.220 --> 00:01:47.159 This webinar is also going to be 00:01:47.159 --> 00:01:52.560 recorded and any of the registered participants will receive a link to the 00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:56.660 webinar archive page after the presentation has ended. 00:02:00.080 --> 00:02:05.819 So this webinar series is also a great way to connect you with our National Marine Sanctuaries 00:02:05.820 --> 00:02:10.560 so these are America's underwater treasures. They're the special ocean 00:02:10.560 --> 00:02:16.120 places that are set aside by Congress to better understand and protect for future generations. 00:02:16.200 --> 00:02:20.420 So, think national parks and national forests, but all underwater. 00:02:20.420 --> 00:02:26.120 National Marine Sanctuaries encompass more than 600,000 square miles of marine 00:02:26.120 --> 00:02:30.880 and Great Lakes waters, all the way from Washington State to Florida Keys 00:02:30.880 --> 00:02:35.380 from Thunder Bay and Lake Huron all the way to the middle of the Pacific in 00:02:35.380 --> 00:02:36.640 American Samoa. 00:02:36.880 --> 00:02:41.700 There are 13 national marine sanctuaries and two marine national monuments 00:02:41.860 --> 00:02:46.220 that help protect the ocean and Great Lakes. 00:02:47.400 --> 00:02:53.140 So these are also significant areas for the marine environment with conservation, recreation, 00:02:53.140 --> 00:03:00.420 ecology, history, culture, archaeology, and, of course, their aesthetic qualities, as well. 00:03:02.280 --> 00:03:06.500 We also like to refer to our National Marine Sanctuaries as living classrooms 00:03:06.500 --> 00:03:11.640 as they're places that you can see, touch, and learn about these special marine places. 00:03:13.380 --> 00:03:16.940 So for the back end webinar support, I'm Hannah McDonald. 00:03:17.080 --> 00:03:21.540 I'm the education specialist coming to you from the ocean oasis of 00:03:21.700 --> 00:03:25.380 SIlver Spring, Maryland. And with me we have Claire Fackler. 00:03:25.620 --> 00:03:30.080 She's the National Education liaison in Santa Barbara California. 00:03:30.300 --> 00:03:33.860 She will be running the poll questions and 00:03:33.860 --> 00:03:37.140 answering some of the questions you type in as well. 00:03:37.700 --> 00:03:42.760 But most importantly, with us today, we have Dr. Lindsey Peavey Reeves. 00:03:42.760 --> 00:03:47.600 She is a research specialist at Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and 00:03:47.600 --> 00:03:50.300 has been there since 2016. 00:03:50.540 --> 00:03:51.700 She brings a diverse background 00:03:51.800 --> 00:03:57.220 spanning in marine ecology conservation, cumulative impact 00:03:57.230 --> 00:04:00.800 assessments and biogeography to the research team. 00:04:01.060 --> 00:04:05.580 She received her Bachelors of Science from the University of Miami 00:04:05.580 --> 00:04:08.920 in Marine Science. She received her Master's from 00:04:09.100 --> 00:04:14.260 Duke and her PhD from UC Santa Barbara in environmental science 00:04:14.260 --> 00:04:16.060 and management. 00:04:16.060 --> 00:04:19.900 Lindsey worked on advancing dynamic ocean management at 00:04:19.910 --> 00:04:24.410 the Southwest fishery science center as a California Sea Grant fellow, and with 00:04:24.410 --> 00:04:29.540 NOAA she helps describe the multiple natural and anthropogenic pressures that 00:04:29.540 --> 00:04:31.516 are on these marine ecosystems. 00:04:31.516 --> 00:04:34.130 She collaborates with academics and stake holders 00:04:34.130 --> 00:04:40.020 to produce and synthesize this information and informs management approaches. 00:04:40.640 --> 00:04:44.860 So with that I'm gonna turn it over to Lindsay. 00:04:47.280 --> 00:04:49.880 - Alright, can you hear me Okay? 00:04:50.700 --> 00:04:53.620 Oh, here we go. That's great. 00:04:53.620 --> 00:04:56.880 Alright, so you can hear me and see me Okay and 00:04:56.880 --> 00:04:59.468 now you can see my, my screen? 00:05:00.360 --> 00:05:03.300 - Everything looks great yeah you're ready to go see 00:05:03.300 --> 00:05:06.680 - Perfect. All right well thank you so much for having me. 00:05:06.680 --> 00:05:13.040 I'm going to kind of dive right in since we have a lot to cover here, but 00:05:13.120 --> 00:05:16.400 I will answer questions along the way, or at the end. 00:05:17.220 --> 00:05:20.000 So I'm gonna skip over the intro to the National Marine 00:05:20.009 --> 00:05:25.050 Sanctuary since Hannah did such a good job here, and this is a visual of all of 00:05:25.050 --> 00:05:29.939 those National marine sanctuaries and monuments that she spoke of and I have 00:05:29.939 --> 00:05:36.360 the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary circled here. So you can see 00:05:36.360 --> 00:05:41.969 where we are. And here's a close-up of our sanctuary and some some of our 00:05:41.969 --> 00:05:46.339 statistics here on the right in case you're interested. It was designated in 00:05:46.340 --> 00:05:52.880 1980. It encompasses five islands that are actually part of National Park Service so 00:05:52.880 --> 00:05:59.279 we co manage some of the near shore water with the National Park. 00:05:59.279 --> 00:06:05.219 We also work with this state you can see some of the red and the blue boxes there 00:06:05.219 --> 00:06:09.060 are also state marine reserves and the Channel Islands National Marine 00:06:09.060 --> 00:06:13.319 Sanctuary were some of the first places to establish these marine reserves on 00:06:13.319 --> 00:06:19.919 the west coast. So we work with several jurisdictions to protect this area and 00:06:19.919 --> 00:06:21.680 research as well. 00:06:21.680 --> 00:06:27.520 All in all, the sanctuary is about 1,500 square miles. 00:06:29.100 --> 00:06:32.430 So I'm going to talk today about soundscape monitoring, and I just kind of want to 00:06:32.430 --> 00:06:36.629 get us on the same page here. We have a lot of multimedia in this presentation 00:06:36.629 --> 00:06:40.414 so I'm hopefully that'll go pretty smoothly. 00:06:40.420 --> 00:06:43.080 Here's our first audio I wanted to share with you. 00:06:45.220 --> 00:06:52.700 (sounds of a busy city) 00:06:57.500 --> 00:07:02.010 so I'm gonna pause it 'cause it is noisy and I don't know if you can hear me over it. 00:07:02.010 --> 00:07:06.840 So this is probably a very familiar soundscape to most of you 00:07:06.840 --> 00:07:12.720 it's it's a busy city and this is a heat map that was published by the National Park 00:07:12.720 --> 00:07:18.240 Service in 2015 I think it's a great visual to show what a soundscape is. 00:07:18.240 --> 00:07:25.950 And, here, the lighter colors are the loudest areas of the country and the blue areas 00:07:25.950 --> 00:07:30.420 are the quiet or the quietest. And this is in decibel so you can see 00:07:30.420 --> 00:07:33.200 the scale there to the right. 00:07:33.580 --> 00:07:35.420 What you're seeing of course is probably 00:07:35.430 --> 00:07:39.690 not that surprising since it's driven by the, you know, the lighter parts the 00:07:39.690 --> 00:07:46.260 the louder parts are city centers and human population centers. 00:07:48.100 --> 00:07:52.560 But, Is this where you want to do your first polling question? 00:07:52.560 --> 00:07:54.600 - Yeah! Awesome, Thank You Lindsey we will go 00:07:54.600 --> 00:07:57.760 ahead let's get the engagement going with everybody. 00:07:57.780 --> 00:08:02.320 I've launched the first poll question for you to respond to. 00:08:02.320 --> 00:08:07.360 "If you remove anthropogenic noise does this, quote/unquote, loudness pattern change?" 00:08:07.360 --> 00:08:11.600 What do you think? Yes or no? go ahead and get your vote in 00:08:14.060 --> 00:08:18.240 We've got about half of our attendees that have voted. 00:08:20.740 --> 00:08:23.540 And for those of you that are online right now just so you 00:08:23.540 --> 00:08:28.040 know we have 142 people directly participating. 00:08:30.340 --> 00:08:32.560 Okay. Looks like we're pretty close. 00:08:32.560 --> 00:08:36.100 I'll go ahead and close the poll and share the results 00:08:36.700 --> 00:08:43.800 Looks like 91% of attendees believe that yes! Does the loudness pattern change if 00:08:43.800 --> 00:08:47.520 you remove the anthropogenic noise? Excellent! 00:08:47.520 --> 00:08:48.220 - yeah, I'm sorry 00:08:48.220 --> 00:08:49.480 - not, not correct! 00:08:49.760 --> 00:08:51.960 not not correct! that was a trick question. 00:08:51.960 --> 00:08:56.180 yes, trick question. Yeah, that's why I think 00:08:56.190 --> 00:08:59.699 this visual is is such a compelling one and it 00:08:59.699 --> 00:09:04.889 it helps us understand what a soundscape is. So it's not just the anthropogenic or 00:09:04.889 --> 00:09:10.799 human-made noises, but it's also geophysical noises like water flow and 00:09:10.799 --> 00:09:13.825 wind going through vegetation, 00:09:13.825 --> 00:09:18.869 as well as animals, of course, mammals and birds and 00:09:18.869 --> 00:09:23.600 reptiles and things like that, in terrestrial systems. 00:09:23.600 --> 00:09:26.780 And so, actually, when you remove the human-made noise 00:09:26.780 --> 00:09:29.999 the map, the pattern looks the exact same in 00:09:29.999 --> 00:09:34.859 the United States are very similar and that is because of mostly because of 00:09:34.859 --> 00:09:37.860 water sources, which I think is really interesting. 00:09:37.860 --> 00:09:39.509 So it's kind of illustrates 00:09:39.509 --> 00:09:44.060 that sound scapes are a cumulation of all of the different sounds. 00:09:44.180 --> 00:09:47.660 So it's the same thing underwater, 00:09:47.740 --> 00:09:53.879 so we have these three types of sounds that make up the 00:09:53.879 --> 00:09:58.739 soundscape: anthropogenic and you can seemany of those sources pictured here 00:09:58.739 --> 00:10:06.239 geophysical, wave action, wind, rain, as well as biological like some of them 00:10:06.239 --> 00:10:11.339 marine organisms you see here. And so all of these things make up a soundscape 00:10:11.339 --> 00:10:16.439 underwater and similar to the perspective on land if you're standing 00:10:16.439 --> 00:10:22.619 in one place a lot of these noise sources move over time and space, but 00:10:22.619 --> 00:10:26.819 what adds a new challenge underwater is that they're very difficult to see and 00:10:26.819 --> 00:10:31.980 to observe. And so it's critical that we use technology to be able to distinctly 00:10:31.980 --> 00:10:35.879 measure these different parts of the soundscape. And so that's what I'm going 00:10:35.880 --> 00:10:40.139 to be talking about today and showing some examples of how we are using some 00:10:40.180 --> 00:10:44.400 technology to listen beneath the waves. 00:10:45.320 --> 00:10:51.460 So why is it important to understand the soundscape underwater, in particular? 00:10:51.460 --> 00:10:57.440 You know, as we talked about we are charged with managing and protecting and 00:10:57.480 --> 00:11:02.699 researching these national marine protected areas. And there are special 00:11:02.699 --> 00:11:06.780 places not only for humans but also for wildlife. 00:11:06.780 --> 00:11:11.340 And so many of these animals rely on 00:11:11.440 --> 00:11:15.780 sound to communicate, to socialize, 00:11:15.780 --> 00:11:18.880 to navigate, to migrate, to forage. 00:11:18.900 --> 00:11:22.280 These predator/prey interactions rely on being able to 00:11:22.320 --> 00:11:27.400 communicate with sound, as well as growth, and reproduction finding mates. 00:11:27.400 --> 00:11:34.020 And sad or light actually travels really poorly in seawater and 00:11:34.020 --> 00:11:38.640 sound travels much, much faster and much farther 00:11:38.640 --> 00:11:41.600 and so this is another poll question that we have for you. 00:11:41.700 --> 00:11:47.160 - [Claire] Alright let's see what people know about how much faster sound 00:11:47.160 --> 00:11:49.180 travels in water than an air. 00:11:49.180 --> 00:11:51.420 So go ahead and make your guess. 00:11:51.940 --> 00:11:52.580 - I only see that 00:11:52.740 --> 00:11:55.240 - tricked again (laughing) 00:11:55.240 --> 00:12:00.200 -I only see two two responses rather than four 00:12:00.200 --> 00:12:01.320 - Oh, really? 00:12:01.480 --> 00:12:02.660 -but that's Okay 00:12:02.660 --> 00:12:04.900 - Okay I'm seeing all four options 00:12:04.900 --> 00:12:07.120 - two, four point three, five point five or ten 00:12:07.140 --> 00:12:07.640 - okay 00:12:07.640 --> 00:12:11.560 - I think people are voting you got yep 00:12:11.560 --> 00:12:12.060 - good 00:12:12.060 --> 00:12:13.060 - alright looks like 00:12:13.060 --> 00:12:17.520 we've got a little over seventy percent so we'll let folks 00:12:18.760 --> 00:12:21.700 plug back in her and get their vote registered 00:12:25.460 --> 00:12:28.554 okay let's go ahead. I'll close the poll. 00:12:28.560 --> 00:12:32.620 Okay we have kind of a mishmash of answers here 00:12:32.620 --> 00:12:36.460 the most people most people thought it was 00:12:36.460 --> 00:12:39.300 five point five times faster 00:12:39.300 --> 00:12:42.700 that was about 35%. We've got 34% that 00:12:42.700 --> 00:12:44.630 think it's ten times faster 00:12:44.630 --> 00:12:49.220 and then we've got 24% that feel it's 4.3 times faster 00:12:49.400 --> 00:12:52.160 and I'll let you reveal our answer, Lindsey. 00:12:52.160 --> 00:12:54.780 - yeah, the twenty four percent was correct 00:12:54.780 --> 00:12:59.110 so it is 4.3 times faster so that's kind of a fun thing to 00:12:59.110 --> 00:13:05.260 do in your spare time is look up how how sound travels in different media so 00:13:05.260 --> 00:13:09.380 in sea water it is is 4.3 times faster than in air! 00:13:11.000 --> 00:13:15.240 Okay, so this is kind of a busy graphic that 00:13:15.240 --> 00:13:18.880 was published by National Geographic in 2011, but I do 00:13:18.880 --> 00:13:23.450 think it's a good example. So, I want to kind of walk you through 00:13:23.450 --> 00:13:30.110 a little bit, so within this cross-section of the the water column you see two right 00:13:30.110 --> 00:13:33.800 whales one on the left side and one on the right side and they're attempting to 00:13:33.800 --> 00:13:39.410 communicate with each other. This one on the left is sending out vocalization 00:13:39.410 --> 00:13:45.850 hoping to reach the one on the right. And this shows you both in the the 00:13:45.850 --> 00:13:54.290 cross-sectional visual and also these two these, two different graphs so the 00:13:54.290 --> 00:14:00.470 one on the their very bottom right that shows frequency of various different 00:14:00.470 --> 00:14:05.450 noise sources in the water column. So you have the right whale is highlighted in 00:14:05.450 --> 00:14:11.480 yellow, the cargo-ship, lightning, air gun, submarine, wind, Cod, and rain this shows 00:14:11.480 --> 00:14:14.480 that all of those different noise sources have different frequencies and 00:14:14.480 --> 00:14:20.450 so they can interact and interfere in the water column, which is there's a 00:14:20.450 --> 00:14:23.840 little blurb there says interference when the frequencies overlap. 00:14:23.840 --> 00:14:30.160 And so there's interference that can impact the whales ability to communicate with 00:14:30.220 --> 00:14:34.420 each other. And then this graph on the Left shows the intensity of these different 00:14:34.430 --> 00:14:40.070 noise sources so you can see wind and rain has a lower decibel down here in 00:14:40.070 --> 00:14:45.590 the blue side of this kind of thermometer moving up to submarine, 00:14:45.590 --> 00:14:54.070 Cod, and then getting into right whale, cargo ship, and then at the top there is 00:14:54.070 --> 00:15:04.730 air guns and lightning and so these things kind of go from disrupting the 00:15:04.730 --> 00:15:10.280 the whales behavior to eventually being able to cause injury if it is too loud 00:15:10.320 --> 00:15:15.020 and intense so I think this is a nice example of how just kind of visually 00:15:15.020 --> 00:15:20.600 showing how the frequencies and the intensities overlap in time and space. 00:15:22.600 --> 00:15:28.260 Okay, so I'm going jump into the Channel Islands and I'm 00:15:28.260 --> 00:15:32.820 going to show you this visual here which 00:15:32.820 --> 00:15:35.370 is also very busy, but that's on purpose 00:15:35.370 --> 00:15:41.700 because our sanctuary is situated adjacent to some population center 00:15:41.840 --> 00:15:47.600 so we have a lot of human traffic that is either accessing the islands, the 00:15:47.610 --> 00:15:49.900 sanctuary, or passing by 00:15:49.900 --> 00:15:53.030 And so here you can see several sources of anthropogenic 00:15:53.030 --> 00:15:55.832 human uses which create sound 00:15:55.832 --> 00:16:00.470 so you can see on the bottom left here we have a 00:16:00.470 --> 00:16:06.090 menu that shows the the different symbols and color codes for all of these 00:16:06.090 --> 00:16:10.500 different noise sources. There's some ports and harbors that are on the mainland. 00:16:10.500 --> 00:16:17.940 These grey grey lines are that that go to the north and the south of 00:16:17.940 --> 00:16:24.000 the islands are the shipping lanes, so this is one of the busiest shipping 00:16:24.000 --> 00:16:31.500 lanes coming from coming to and from the busiest port of LA and Long Beach. 00:16:31.500 --> 00:16:35.340 We also have some military testing so there's two zones that are colored here 00:16:35.340 --> 00:16:39.580 for military testing. One is a little bit harder to see it's this 00:16:41.420 --> 00:16:46.940 black dotted line that actually encompasses most of the of the sanctuary. 00:16:46.940 --> 00:16:48.240 And then there's 00:16:48.360 --> 00:16:55.020 some cross section orange here that is showing some important whale habitat 00:16:55.020 --> 00:16:58.280 that overlaps with that testing area. 00:16:58.280 --> 00:17:01.350 And so this is oh and then these red 00:17:01.350 --> 00:17:04.640 triangles are oil platforms that we have offshore. 00:17:04.640 --> 00:17:07.560 And so this is a good 00:17:07.560 --> 00:17:11.820 illustration and it's not comprehensive. It doesn't show every single source of 00:17:11.820 --> 00:17:16.560 human-made noise like you don't see recreation on here or fishing which also 00:17:16.560 --> 00:17:20.420 produces noise but it does help to show some of them. 00:17:20.420 --> 00:17:22.980 And so these circles that 00:17:22.980 --> 00:17:28.080 are colored on these maps and you'll see the same map over and over again here 00:17:28.080 --> 00:17:34.890 these are showing different areas where either the the sanctuary or our partners 00:17:34.890 --> 00:17:38.650 have, have implemented listening 00:17:38.650 --> 00:17:42.010 stations and so these are underwater microphones that we call higher 00:17:42.010 --> 00:17:48.150 hydrophones that we have put there for various periods of time to record 00:17:48.150 --> 00:17:53.049 different types of sound and so I'm gonna walk through a couple of these to 00:17:53.049 --> 00:17:58.059 illustrate what we've learned so far and what we hope to learn in the future with 00:17:58.059 --> 00:17:59.960 some of this research. 00:17:59.960 --> 00:18:04.480 So, I'm gonna start with this yellow dot here which is on 00:18:04.480 --> 00:18:08.920 the south side of Santa Cruz Island and it's in about 900 meters. 00:18:09.280 --> 00:18:15.380 So this is a deep-water hydrophone and it's a noise reference station. 00:18:16.520 --> 00:18:18.420 And I'm gonna show you here on the next slide 00:18:18.420 --> 00:18:22.880 So this is actually part of a national network of 00:18:22.880 --> 00:18:26.380 listening stations and so we are just one right there 00:18:26.580 --> 00:18:32.180 noise reference station five of 12 that are around the nation. 00:18:32.180 --> 00:18:37.340 And you'll notice a lot of them are co-located with national sanctuaries, 00:18:37.560 --> 00:18:39.480 some with national parks, 00:18:39.660 --> 00:18:44.900 and then other areas that are of interest within our exclusive economic zone. 00:18:45.060 --> 00:18:50.580 On the left side here I want to draw your attention to a diagram of the 00:18:50.580 --> 00:18:57.429 hydrophone mooring and so you see the different parts of how we station the 00:18:57.429 --> 00:19:01.909 hydrophone which is just below the float, the yellow float, there. 00:19:01.909 --> 00:19:04.140 How we stationed that on the sea floor: 00:19:04.200 --> 00:19:07.200 so we have an anchor on the bottom, an acoustic release, 00:19:07.200 --> 00:19:12.060 which helps us recover the gear when when it's time attached to the 00:19:12.070 --> 00:19:15.640 hydrophone and then attached to a mid water float that keeps it upright in the 00:19:15.640 --> 00:19:16.860 water column. 00:19:17.300 --> 00:19:21.820 This national network we are just the Channel Islands National 00:19:21.820 --> 00:19:27.610 Marine Sanctuary is one of many research partners that that work on this project 00:19:27.610 --> 00:19:33.549 and mainly on the west coast we work with Pacific Marine Environmental 00:19:33.549 --> 00:19:35.420 Laboratories which is also part of NOAA 00:19:35.420 --> 00:19:38.289 as well as Oregon State University. And 00:19:38.289 --> 00:19:43.900 so, I want to touch on some research that came from actually one of our 00:19:44.080 --> 00:19:49.000 Nancy Foster scholars at Oregon State University. Samara Haver 00:19:49.000 --> 00:19:53.000 She was able to compare five of the deepwater reference stations and so 00:19:53.000 --> 00:19:55.080 Channel Islands was one of them. 00:19:55.540 --> 00:19:57.720 So this is what she found to orient you 00:19:57.720 --> 00:20:04.559 to this this graph here. As you can see five of the reference stations. So Alaska, 00:20:04.559 --> 00:20:12.120 Olympic Coast, Channel Islands, Gulf of Mexico, and then the Northeast of the US 00:20:12.120 --> 00:20:17.730 and so all of them have frequency on the x-axis, and then intensity in decibels on, 00:20:17.730 --> 00:20:23.220 or the loudness, on the y-axis. And then all of the lines within each one of the 00:20:23.220 --> 00:20:27.700 reference stations are different months across different years. 00:20:28.640 --> 00:20:33.280 And so a couple takeaways from this work is that 00:20:33.280 --> 00:20:35.720 there were two sanctuaries two deep-water 00:20:35.720 --> 00:20:40.200 reference stations that stood out as being the most variable over time. 00:20:40.380 --> 00:20:45.059 And that is Alaska and Gulf of Mexico so you can see on those two you which are the 00:20:45.059 --> 00:20:46.737 that's far too left panels 00:20:46.737 --> 00:20:49.770 all of the colored lines are farther apart from 00:20:49.770 --> 00:20:55.260 each other which means they're some months and years where these noise 00:20:55.260 --> 00:20:59.755 sources are are quieter than and louder in other months. 00:20:59.760 --> 00:21:04.720 The Channel Islands, obviously, we're concerned with the most here 00:21:04.840 --> 00:21:09.020 is we actually have pretty consistent or stable 00:21:09.020 --> 00:21:12.440 loudness at this particular reference station over time 00:21:12.450 --> 00:21:17.070 and so that that's important that we have a baseline of understanding what 00:21:17.070 --> 00:21:20.940 this what we call ambient noise or background noises at these reference 00:21:20.940 --> 00:21:24.560 stations so we can detect when there are changes over time. 00:21:25.420 --> 00:21:28.820 - [Claire] Alright this is so I think oh no this is your second graph sorry to interrupt 00:21:28.820 --> 00:21:33.640 yeah, well, that's Okay. that yeah, so T 00:21:33.640 --> 00:21:36.059 This is also just kind of showing you 00:21:36.059 --> 00:21:41.040 now the color codes are not different times of year they're that they're 00:21:41.040 --> 00:21:44.160 they're the five different reference station and now we just have three 00:21:44.160 --> 00:21:49.000 panels that show you three different months across two different years 00:21:49.140 --> 00:21:53.300 So, we saw a frequency on the x-axis and intensity on the y-axis 00:21:53.300 --> 00:21:57.940 and this just shows you comparatively which 00:21:57.940 --> 00:22:00.920 which sanctuary is consistently quieter or 00:22:00.929 --> 00:22:04.320 louder than the others. And so Channel Islands is here in this 00:22:04.320 --> 00:22:09.300 kind of lime-green color and we are basically the second across these five 00:22:09.300 --> 00:22:15.710 reference stations, the second quietest reference station where Alaska is 00:22:15.710 --> 00:22:21.390 consistently quieter and you can see the Gulf of Mexico is the the noisiest and 00:22:21.390 --> 00:22:24.990 unfortunately I don't have time to get into all of the details here about why 00:22:24.990 --> 00:22:28.500 we see the differences across the months in each one of the sanctuaries and 00:22:28.500 --> 00:22:36.240 across the reference stations and why we see the changes here across the the five 00:22:36.240 --> 00:22:40.550 reference stations but this is something that I think would be interesting for 00:22:40.550 --> 00:22:43.740 students to investigate further 00:22:43.740 --> 00:22:46.460 Do you want to do the poll question Claire? 00:22:46.460 --> 00:22:51.426 - yeah awesome thank you okay so our next poll question is 00:22:51.426 --> 00:22:55.940 Why might ambient noise levels change in the future ? 00:22:56.120 --> 00:22:59.120 because of an increase in ship traffic, an increase 00:22:59.130 --> 00:23:03.860 in whale populations, a decrease in underwater military testing, 00:23:03.860 --> 00:23:07.980 climate change, or for all the reasons above? 00:23:07.980 --> 00:23:12.140 So go ahead and get your vote logged in 00:23:17.980 --> 00:23:24.720 Alright we're just over 70% of you so give you another couple of seconds here 00:23:28.840 --> 00:23:35.600 Alright, so the results, Lindsey, are that 75% of the participants 00:23:35.820 --> 00:23:37.460 say all of the above! 00:23:37.460 --> 00:23:40.940 So the other highest one was an increase in ship traffic just as a 00:23:40.950 --> 00:23:45.156 standalone. But for the 75% of you, you are correct! 00:23:45.160 --> 00:23:48.020 - Yeah excellent yeah all of the above and 00:23:48.020 --> 00:23:52.410 several more reasons actually would be reasons why we would 00:23:52.410 --> 00:23:56.060 see changes in this pattern 00:23:57.140 --> 00:23:59.960 Okay so I'm going to jump to a different project 00:23:59.960 --> 00:24:05.200 that hasn't been an op-- functioning as quite as long as the previous project 00:24:05.260 --> 00:24:11.880 I mentioned began in 2014 so we've had several years to be able to analyze that data. 00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:15.420 The project I'm going to talk about now is a shallow shallow water 00:24:15.420 --> 00:24:19.770 soundscape monitoring project that we just started last year. And so we don't 00:24:19.770 --> 00:24:24.960 have as much data to share with you today but I wanted to walk you through 00:24:24.960 --> 00:24:31.710 the five different stations and kind of explain what we anticipate to find and 00:24:31.710 --> 00:24:34.520 to hear and why we're interested in those locations. 00:24:34.540 --> 00:24:36.880 So you'll see the last project I highlighted 00:24:36.880 --> 00:24:40.320 we were able to compare and contrast across different 00:24:40.320 --> 00:24:46.400 regions across different sanctuaries across different parts of the United States 00:24:46.400 --> 00:24:50.640 waters and now we're just going to be focusing on comparing across 00:24:50.640 --> 00:24:52.640 different sites within one sanctuary. 00:24:52.640 --> 00:24:54.700 Here it's Channel Islands. 00:24:55.280 --> 00:24:58.060 So, I'm going to start from from west to east out here 00:24:58.060 --> 00:25:00.620 west of San Miguel Island there's a 00:25:00.620 --> 00:25:02.080 little blue arrow there. 00:25:02.900 --> 00:25:06.680 So I'm going to attempt to share this video with you 00:25:06.690 --> 00:25:13.680 this is an area where it's not as well studied as a lot of the other parts of 00:25:13.680 --> 00:25:17.310 the sanctuary because it's kind of a hard-to-reach location the weather can 00:25:17.310 --> 00:25:21.870 be challenging, but we know from our partners that this is an important whale 00:25:21.870 --> 00:25:26.460 hab-- whale foraging habitat. And so there's certain times of the year where 00:25:26.460 --> 00:25:30.720 we think we will have a lot of whale activity and passive acoustic monitoring 00:25:30.720 --> 00:25:33.120 like putting this hydrophone which you can 00:25:33.120 --> 00:25:37.049 see here. There's, this is a picture of a hydrophone that's been deployed for 00:25:37.049 --> 00:25:42.460 five months in a shallow water area which is why it has all that biofouling on it. 00:25:42.600 --> 00:25:46.900 So if we are listening and that this location we expect that we'll hear 00:25:46.900 --> 00:25:50.480 different marine mammal activity over time. 00:25:50.600 --> 00:25:54.780 So, I'm going to share just a humpback whale spectrogram 00:25:54.960 --> 00:25:59.680 Which is how we can kind of visualize. 00:26:02.620 --> 00:26:07.700 You might want to turn up your own volume for this one this is a little quiet. 00:26:09.180 --> 00:26:17.980 (Humpback Whale sounds) 00:26:55.060 --> 00:27:00.780 okay so that was probably a pretty familiar sound for a lot of people who 00:27:00.780 --> 00:27:04.260 are interested in marine life. 00:27:05.460 --> 00:27:10.180 Let's go to the next location which is north of Santa Rosa Island 00:27:10.760 --> 00:27:14.400 And so this is a shallow water location and because of 00:27:14.400 --> 00:27:20.310 this we actually get a lot of small invertebrates but they make quite a bit 00:27:20.310 --> 00:27:24.900 of noise and one of the animals that makes a lot of noise is a 00:27:24.900 --> 00:27:28.940 Snapping Shrimp and so that's one of the species pictured here. 00:27:29.400 --> 00:27:31.580 And I wanted to draw 00:27:31.580 --> 00:27:35.340 take this opportunity to draw your attention to an online resource called 00:27:35.340 --> 00:27:37.540 Discovery of Sound in the Sea. 00:27:37.540 --> 00:27:40.980 And so this is a website that you can go to. 00:27:42.380 --> 00:27:44.140 I'll show you here. 00:27:44.240 --> 00:27:48.820 That has lots of different information about different 00:27:48.960 --> 00:27:54.240 parts of the soundscape and also includes some of these sound files as well. 00:27:54.300 --> 00:27:56.920 So this is what a Snapping Shrimp sounds like. 00:27:58.940 --> 00:28:05.940 (Snapping Shrimp sounds) 00:28:09.620 --> 00:28:12.800 and those are several Snapping Shrimp 00:28:12.800 --> 00:28:14.504 kind of chorusing at the same time. 00:28:14.504 --> 00:28:16.840 And these guys are surprisingly loud. 00:28:16.840 --> 00:28:22.000 They can eat up a lot of data on our on our hydrophone 00:28:22.000 --> 00:28:26.980 recorders. And so this is another one of our poll questions. 00:28:27.460 --> 00:28:28.840 - [Claire] Alright. 00:28:29.540 --> 00:28:32.099 I've launched the polls. So what do you think? 00:28:32.100 --> 00:28:34.460 Why do you think Snapping Shrimp snap? 00:28:34.460 --> 00:28:39.320 Are they doing it to communicate, to stun their prey, or to navigate, or to 00:28:39.330 --> 00:28:43.000 communicate and stun their prey or communicate and navigate. 00:28:43.000 --> 00:28:48.680 so go ahead and put in your best guess on why they snap. 00:28:52.960 --> 00:28:58.180 Alight we've got into the 70% range of you that have voted. 00:29:03.000 --> 00:29:07.140 Alright looks like we got the majority of you so I'll go ahead and close the poll. 00:29:07.680 --> 00:29:13.620 Share the results. It looks like 40% feel that it's communicate and stun your prey so 00:29:13.880 --> 00:29:20.320 A and B. There is a contingent that believes it's communicate and navigate, A and C. 00:29:21.200 --> 00:29:25.380 and the correct answer is... is A and B! 00:29:25.380 --> 00:29:30.180 so to communicate and to sum their prey so 00:29:30.180 --> 00:29:35.540 you think the primary function of them using these really powerful and strong 00:29:35.549 --> 00:29:40.330 claws to clamp down and make that kind of they call them kind of sound like a 00:29:40.330 --> 00:29:45.850 gunshot or pistol under water and all of them at once can be very quite loud so 00:29:45.850 --> 00:29:50.140 that is the primary function is to stun their prey. 00:29:50.140 --> 00:29:52.180 Kind of startles them so that 00:29:52.180 --> 00:29:55.900 they can kind of go in for the for the kill, 00:29:55.900 --> 00:29:57.910 but also they communicate with each 00:29:57.910 --> 00:30:00.600 other that way and other species 00:30:00.720 --> 00:30:03.700 There's some researchers that are examining how 00:30:03.700 --> 00:30:08.280 grey whales use sounds of snapping shrimp to help them migrate 00:30:08.480 --> 00:30:10.580 up and down the west coast. 00:30:13.080 --> 00:30:17.340 Okay so our next location is south of Santa Rosa Island. 00:30:19.600 --> 00:30:25.200 This is a location among several others actually that we're interested in learning more 00:30:25.210 --> 00:30:30.340 about how fisheries are using acoustic deterrents. 00:30:30.340 --> 00:30:32.290 so this is a picture of a 00:30:32.290 --> 00:30:37.360 fishing vessel they have a net out and you can see there's a zoom in here of 00:30:37.360 --> 00:30:40.629 some sea lions that are caught in the net. 00:30:40.629 --> 00:30:43.120 So, you know, sea lions are marine mammals. 00:30:43.120 --> 00:30:47.960 They're highly intelligent and they are not opposed to getting a free meal. 00:30:47.960 --> 00:30:53.820 So, when the fishermen are doing the hard work, getting the fish all corralled, 00:30:53.820 --> 00:30:57.040 sea lions can kind of see that as a dinner bell. 00:30:57.320 --> 00:31:00.660 And so rather than doing something lethal 00:31:00.800 --> 00:31:04.820 to deter the sea lions and and other mammals, 00:31:05.120 --> 00:31:08.760 fishermen are able to use non-lethal deterrence. 00:31:08.760 --> 00:31:12.210 And this is just one example. Pingers are another example that's an 00:31:12.210 --> 00:31:16.110 auditory, there's some chemical deterrents that they can use, but 00:31:16.110 --> 00:31:21.920 we really don't understand how what the cumulative impacts of this. 00:31:21.920 --> 00:31:27.150 Seemingly like an acute noise there's just a small explosion, this is like a little 00:31:27.150 --> 00:31:31.890 firecracker that you can see fits in your hand. You can throw it, it sinks just 00:31:31.890 --> 00:31:37.560 below the water surface and then explodes so that you think that would be an acute impact. 00:31:37.640 --> 00:31:41.660 But actually if you're throwing several through the course of an entire 00:31:41.670 --> 00:31:47.790 night if you're fishing for squid, for example, this can become a chronic and 00:31:47.790 --> 00:31:50.760 definitely a cumulative impact on marine mammals. 00:31:50.760 --> 00:31:54.030 So we're still learning more 00:31:54.030 --> 00:31:56.760 about how this is affecting. 00:31:58.540 --> 00:32:07.260 (acute noises) 00:32:08.800 --> 00:32:11.620 so you can hear it's quite loud. 00:32:13.320 --> 00:32:14.660 And like I said 00:32:14.860 --> 00:32:18.140 there are several of these sometimes hundreds to thousands that are thrown in 00:32:18.320 --> 00:32:23.320 one night of fishing in the in-- in extreme cases. 00:32:23.740 --> 00:32:27.900 draw your attention to this website that shows that there is 00:32:28.200 --> 00:32:30.480 some technical guidance that NOAA's 00:32:30.480 --> 00:32:33.160 putting together the National Marine Fisheries Service. 00:32:33.160 --> 00:32:35.130 They are trying to 00:32:35.130 --> 00:32:41.580 provide some guidance to folks that use acoustic deterrents like fisheries to 00:32:41.580 --> 00:32:46.620 try to take some of this new research into consideration for thresholds. 00:32:47.120 --> 00:32:47.620 um.. 00:32:48.660 --> 00:32:53.880 So that's part of what where our data goes is we are able to provide them to 00:32:53.880 --> 00:32:58.040 working groups that are working on more management applications. 00:32:59.660 --> 00:33:02.920 Okay, our second to last location is 00:33:02.920 --> 00:33:05.065 here east of Anacapa Island. 00:33:05.065 --> 00:33:07.440 And so this is the only part of 00:33:07.440 --> 00:33:11.370 the sanctuary you can see where the the shipping lanes intersect with the 00:33:11.370 --> 00:33:16.200 sanctuary, and so we feel that this is likely going to be one of the loudest 00:33:16.200 --> 00:33:17.800 parts of the sanctuary. 00:33:17.800 --> 00:33:20.340 It's also heavily used area for 00:33:20.340 --> 00:33:25.840 recreation and diving, so there's large boats, small boats, fishing vessels, 00:33:25.840 --> 00:33:28.480 lots of human use in this part of the sanctuary. 00:33:29.460 --> 00:33:32.700 And so here's an example of 00:33:32.700 --> 00:33:35.920 this is where I will share another video 00:33:36.140 --> 00:33:38.460 of what the ship noise sounds like. 00:33:38.980 --> 00:33:41.620 And this is definitely more of a chronic... 00:33:42.780 --> 00:33:45.660 - [Claire] Well, Lindsey, we do have some audio going on 00:33:45.660 --> 00:33:49.000 right now so I don't know if there's something on your screen. 00:33:49.000 --> 00:33:52.740 If it's not, we hear whales and some other stuff. 00:33:53.500 --> 00:33:58.040 Oh... eww... huh! 00:33:59.220 --> 00:34:00.360 interesting 00:34:02.160 --> 00:34:04.380 I don't know why you hear whales. 00:34:06.180 --> 00:34:07.480 Do you still hear it? 00:34:08.800 --> 00:34:10.560 Yeah, we still do 00:34:18.540 --> 00:34:23.220 (cargo ship noises) 00:34:31.600 --> 00:34:34.520 -[Claire] Hannah, do you want to pipe in are you am I the only one hearing? 00:34:35.320 --> 00:34:37.080 - [Hannah] yeah I don't hear whales either. 00:34:43.200 --> 00:34:47.060 - Okay so hopefully you heard a cargo ship. 00:34:47.180 --> 00:34:49.620 That was just kind of this low frequency 00:34:49.620 --> 00:34:52.840 sort of sounds like background noise. 00:34:53.260 --> 00:34:57.560 Sorry to interrupt you again, we're still hearing that other background noise 00:34:58.420 --> 00:35:01.340 so, yeah I'm sorry to have to 00:35:01.560 --> 00:35:04.080 - Claire, are you sure hat's not coming from your screen I am not hearing it as well 00:35:04.120 --> 00:35:05.080 - [Claire] my gosh! 00:35:05.960 --> 00:35:07.580 it is because I opened one of her links. 00:35:07.880 --> 00:35:11.900 (laughing) 00:35:12.460 --> 00:35:15.060 okay everyone thinks I'm crazy which I am a little crazy so I have both 00:35:15.060 --> 00:35:18.640 Lindsay and I have colds so we're a little stuffy a little bit but yeah it's 00:35:18.640 --> 00:35:21.660 on my end it's really loud so I'll stop it on my side. 00:35:21.660 --> 00:35:23.640 okay, continue on, no, anyway, yeah 00:35:23.880 --> 00:35:29.000 So you can see there's a great picture here that was taken by John Calambokidis 00:35:29.020 --> 00:35:34.620 who's one of our west coasts researchers here for whales. 00:35:34.620 --> 00:35:36.759 you know this is an area 00:35:36.759 --> 00:35:41.440 this whole shipping lane is were concerned about ships interacting with 00:35:41.440 --> 00:35:44.940 whales I'm and other marine life, as well. 00:35:48.000 --> 00:35:52.690 Okay last, but not least, so we're here at Santa Barbara Island which is a pretty 00:35:52.690 --> 00:35:57.460 remote part of our sanctuary so this is another area where we don't get to as 00:35:57.460 --> 00:36:01.960 often as we like so it's really important for us to include this in our 00:36:01.960 --> 00:36:05.140 shallow water soundscape monitoring network. 00:36:05.140 --> 00:36:06.369 And this is a location where 00:36:06.369 --> 00:36:11.589 we're actually combining a couple of different types of technology to monitor 00:36:11.589 --> 00:36:17.829 a soundscape and they in a particular animal that we think is really reliant 00:36:17.829 --> 00:36:24.520 on sound for movement and reproduction and foraging. 00:36:24.520 --> 00:36:28.630 And so the hot pink dot 00:36:28.630 --> 00:36:33.519 here is where we're going to be putting a hydrophone and then the yellow dots 00:36:33.519 --> 00:36:36.184 are actually telemetry receivers. 00:36:36.184 --> 00:36:39.819 And so we are tagging giant sea bass and 00:36:39.819 --> 00:36:43.160 I'll show you a picture of what they look like in a second so you can get 00:36:43.160 --> 00:36:46.360 an idea of the species of interest. 00:36:46.540 --> 00:36:48.720 we are tagging 00:36:48.720 --> 00:36:53.940 them with little acoustic tags that remain embedded in their muscle and 00:36:53.940 --> 00:37:00.150 then we have these stationary acoustic receivers which this is a close up of. 00:37:00.150 --> 00:37:02.930 So, the mooring looks very similar to our hydrophone mooring 00:37:02.930 --> 00:37:04.544 And so we have this network, 00:37:04.544 --> 00:37:08.490 and there actually be several more than just the orange dots shown 00:37:08.490 --> 00:37:12.840 here of the the telemetry receiver 00:37:12.840 --> 00:37:16.080 co-located with this hydrophone. 00:37:17.140 --> 00:37:23.160 So here is if I want to share this video of how we tagged a giant sea bass. 00:37:26.060 --> 00:37:30.280 This is a short one, but a really cool one. Maybe I'll play it twice. 00:37:34.580 --> 00:37:37.300 The audio isn't so important on this one, 00:37:37.460 --> 00:37:39.760 it's really the visual. 00:37:40.800 --> 00:37:43.540 This one takes a second to load. 00:37:59.020 --> 00:38:05.800 So this fish is an endangered and protected by California State 00:38:05.800 --> 00:38:10.260 so we have a permit so to conduct this work 00:38:31.600 --> 00:38:35.170 okay I think I might have been needed so you might not have heard me say that um 00:38:35.170 --> 00:38:40.240 this is an endangered species which is another reason why we're very interested in 00:38:40.340 --> 00:38:42.460 learning more about giant sea bass. 00:38:42.461 --> 00:38:45.309 and so that's why we have a state permit 00:38:45.309 --> 00:38:48.400 to complete the work which you saw the number there. 00:38:49.600 --> 00:38:52.680 So in addition to just trying to track the movements of 00:38:52.680 --> 00:38:56.859 tagged giant sea bass so we have four that we 00:38:56.860 --> 00:38:58.780 have tagged at the sanctuary. 00:38:58.820 --> 00:39:01.380 There's been our academic partners have tagged 00:39:01.390 --> 00:39:04.120 more down at other islands like Catalina. 00:39:04.120 --> 00:39:06.130 We'll be tagging more this throughout 00:39:06.130 --> 00:39:11.740 this whole summer so we hope to get up to 25 animals, at least, that are tagged. 00:39:11.740 --> 00:39:16.800 And they of course move between islands 00:39:16.800 --> 00:39:18.819 and then sometimes they they actually don't move a lot. 00:39:18.819 --> 00:39:22.959 So, that's one thing that we'll be analyzing is their 00:39:22.959 --> 00:39:27.549 movements between locations around islands in between islands on both 00:39:27.549 --> 00:39:30.910 inside and outside of the sanctuary but we're also interested in the 00:39:30.910 --> 00:39:34.720 vocalizations that they that they make and they rely on. 00:39:34.720 --> 00:39:36.999 So we've been trying to 00:39:36.999 --> 00:39:40.509 record giant sea bass in two different ways we've been working with the 00:39:40.509 --> 00:39:47.529 Aquarium of the Pacific to try to record some of their vocalizations in captivity 00:39:47.529 --> 00:39:52.900 and then also doing in situ recordings so out at Santa Barbara Island. 00:39:54.300 --> 00:39:57.640 With our hydrophones and also with drop cameras 00:39:57.640 --> 00:40:00.780 So we can use our our divers as well to 00:40:00.780 --> 00:40:06.999 drop cameras for ninety minutes or longer to try to use a baited arm 00:40:07.000 --> 00:40:12.300 attract the giant sea bass and get some vocalizations that way. 00:40:13.420 --> 00:40:15.200 And I think this our last poll. 00:40:16.100 --> 00:40:16.800 Claire? 00:40:17.220 --> 00:40:19.740 - [Claire] Yep, let's get that last poll question going. 00:40:19.900 --> 00:40:21.160 So, hmm... 00:40:21.160 --> 00:40:25.980 Giant sea bass can grow to over seven feet, and how many pounds? Take a stab. 00:40:25.980 --> 00:40:30.080 300, 400, 500, 600 or 700 pounds? 00:40:31.060 --> 00:40:32.320 What's your vote? 00:40:37.060 --> 00:40:41.840 Okay well over half of you voted. I'll just give you all a few more seconds here. 00:40:48.260 --> 00:40:49.140 Alright. 00:40:50.100 --> 00:40:52.240 And go ahead and share our results. 00:40:52.240 --> 00:40:55.500 So 33% of our attendees feel 00:40:55.510 --> 00:40:58.380 that it could be about 500 pounds 00:40:58.380 --> 00:41:01.680 and then the next two highest are the 400 or 600 pounds. 00:41:02.520 --> 00:41:04.560 So break the news to them, Lindsey. 00:41:04.940 --> 00:41:07.700 700 pounds! This is a very large fish! 00:41:07.700 --> 00:41:13.420 So it can grow up to 7 feet and over 700 pounds 00:41:13.420 --> 00:41:14.890 And so I mentioned that 00:41:14.890 --> 00:41:17.900 this is an endangered species and the reason it's because 00:41:17.900 --> 00:41:20.439 it's a it's a huge target for fisheries. 00:41:20.439 --> 00:41:24.280 And so it was over-fished in the past and then the state of 00:41:24.280 --> 00:41:28.840 California has instituted a lot of fishing regulations that have 00:41:28.980 --> 00:41:32.980 seemed to be working. And we see and 00:41:32.980 --> 00:41:35.760 what we appears to be an increase crease in the 00:41:35.820 --> 00:41:38.920 population and so that's really 00:41:39.380 --> 00:41:41.560 heartwarming and so we want to 00:41:41.560 --> 00:41:44.160 we want to learn as much as we can about this species, 00:41:44.220 --> 00:41:47.060 hopefully before a fishery were to reopen. 00:41:47.160 --> 00:41:49.360 So while the species is still protected. 00:41:50.360 --> 00:41:54.140 Okay, so the last thing I want to show you is 00:41:54.140 --> 00:41:58.700 this is actually a hypothetical soundscape that I've created. 00:41:58.700 --> 00:42:03.610 So, I've kind of shown you examples of things that we have been 00:42:03.610 --> 00:42:08.220 listening to, things we have learned, things that we are currently listening to, 00:42:08.220 --> 00:42:11.420 where we'll have data to share more in the future. 00:42:11.420 --> 00:42:17.020 And so and a lot of these locations 00:42:17.020 --> 00:42:18.060 we will... 00:42:20.120 --> 00:42:20.880 um, 00:42:21.560 --> 00:42:25.000 be hearing some pretty noisy soundscapes and 00:42:27.340 --> 00:42:30.700 this is called an ambient mixer 00:42:30.700 --> 00:42:35.460 And so I've put several of these sounds all in one 00:42:36.380 --> 00:42:37.200 place, 00:42:37.740 --> 00:42:41.540 too ,and this is what you were hearing I think, Claire, on your end. 00:42:41.540 --> 00:42:44.260 - [Claire] It was indeed so I do apologize again 00:42:44.260 --> 00:42:48.940 for that unexpected interrupts I'm like it's really loud how come no one's reacting? 00:42:48.940 --> 00:42:52.620 this is a really cool resource and this 00:42:52.620 --> 00:42:56.500 is open source you can I'll share the link with you at the end here. 00:42:56.580 --> 00:42:59.681 But I've added all of these different channels to show that 00:42:59.681 --> 00:43:01.480 all of these different sounds 00:43:01.480 --> 00:43:07.060 overlap and space and time you know some of them are acute some of them are 00:43:07.060 --> 00:43:12.460 chronic and cumulative over time it can be quite noisy. So, 00:43:13.580 --> 00:43:17.020 we can kind of mute some of these one by one. 00:43:17.960 --> 00:43:20.620 So now I've just got the Blue Whale going. 00:43:21.080 --> 00:43:23.520 and the blue whale doesn't call all the time 00:43:28.300 --> 00:43:30.160 Hopefully, you can hear that. Okay? 00:43:30.480 --> 00:43:32.200 and then I can add in 00:43:32.200 --> 00:43:33.800 (Dolphin noises) 00:43:33.800 --> 00:43:36.920 some common dolphins 00:43:38.020 --> 00:43:39.120 (cargo ship noises) 00:43:39.220 --> 00:43:43.640 and then the cargo ship which is really loud so I'll keep that off for now. 00:43:43.640 --> 00:43:47.440 (sea lion sounds) 00:43:47.600 --> 00:43:52.840 (blue whale sounds) 00:43:54.500 --> 00:44:00.460 an acoustic release sound which is actually a research instrument that makes quite a 00:44:00.460 --> 00:44:02.140 bit of noise. 00:44:02.720 --> 00:44:04.920 seal balms 00:44:04.920 --> 00:44:10.440 (seal noises) 00:44:10.920 --> 00:44:14.920 now the last one is rain so I just needed everything but the rain so you 00:44:14.920 --> 00:44:16.320 can hear the rain. 00:44:16.320 --> 00:44:18.580 as well 00:44:18.580 --> 00:44:24.820 so like I said, this is a hypothetical but not far from 00:44:24.820 --> 00:44:30.430 what we expect to hear at those specifically at those five shallow water 00:44:30.430 --> 00:44:31.580 monitoring stations. 00:44:31.660 --> 00:44:35.580 So of course the sound speed will vary we believe across 00:44:35.590 --> 00:44:40.090 those five locations but that's an example of maybe an extreme soundscape 00:44:40.090 --> 00:44:41.480 than you would hear. 00:44:41.480 --> 00:44:44.680 So, I'm gonna stop there and take any questions. 00:44:44.680 --> 00:44:50.100 I have up here, now, several education resources. 00:44:50.280 --> 00:44:52.720 So, some of the things that I was able to 00:44:52.720 --> 00:44:56.340 talk about in in this presentation 00:44:56.500 --> 00:44:58.260 and then some things I didn't I wasn't able 00:44:58.270 --> 00:45:02.500 to get to you but hopefully you can follow up on these individually and feel 00:45:02.500 --> 00:45:05.680 free to contact me after this, as well, 00:45:05.820 --> 00:45:08.020 if you have any questions. 00:45:08.020 --> 00:45:10.869 - Yeah. Thank you so much. 00:45:10.869 --> 00:45:15.220 Before starts the questions I just wanted to let everyone know that I'll 00:45:15.220 --> 00:45:19.510 put this education resource list into a little one pager that will be available 00:45:19.510 --> 00:45:24.160 for download download on the archive page so once we get your webinar 00:45:24.160 --> 00:45:28.480 presentation recording up and other materials no need to stress trying to 00:45:28.480 --> 00:45:30.280 write these things down 00:45:30.280 --> 00:45:30.780 or they'll be available to you and then download. 00:45:30.780 --> 00:45:34.380 so, Hannah, go ahead and take it away 00:45:34.380 --> 00:45:36.580 - Yeah, so, Lindsey while you've been presenting 00:45:36.580 --> 00:45:41.140 we've gotten some questions in our question feed and I encourage attendees 00:45:41.140 --> 00:45:45.360 to continues to submit questions during the question and answer time. 00:45:45.360 --> 00:45:50.120 anything we don't get to we will respond to with Lindsey's input in an email. 00:45:50.120 --> 00:45:55.990 So, Madison has asked what our scientists still trying to learn about ecosystems and 00:45:55.990 --> 00:45:56.940 sanctuaries? 00:45:58.880 --> 00:46:03.760 - Oh, geez, that is a an open-ended question any group learn a 00:46:03.760 --> 00:46:11.080 lot but I think maybe the take come of the two of the projects that I shared is 00:46:11.080 --> 00:46:14.109 that we're really still at the point where we're trying to understand 00:46:14.109 --> 00:46:21.000 baseline sound levels of individual distinct noises. Things like ship traffic 00:46:21.000 --> 00:46:24.440 and also cumulative noise so 00:46:24.440 --> 00:46:28.960 how all the geophysical, the biological, um and in the 00:46:28.960 --> 00:46:33.720 anthropogenic noise interact over space and time. 00:46:33.720 --> 00:46:36.340 so I would say, you know, 00:46:36.340 --> 00:46:40.119 there's some really cool individual projects like the giant sea bass project 00:46:40.119 --> 00:46:45.060 that I spoke, of there's lots of marine mammal projects that are acoustic 00:46:45.060 --> 00:46:50.740 focused but really at the marine protected area level of sanctuaries as 00:46:50.740 --> 00:46:54.960 we're still trying to get a good understanding of these baseline 00:46:54.960 --> 00:47:01.240 soundscapes and sound environments and that really is going to help us be able 00:47:01.240 --> 00:47:05.380 to detect changes over time and manage resources better. 00:47:06.280 --> 00:47:07.619 - Great, Thank you! 00:47:07.619 --> 00:47:14.560 Phyllis has asked: Does a slow traveling maritime or military large vessel make 00:47:14.560 --> 00:47:18.380 louder sounds than the same vessel traveling faster? 00:47:19.560 --> 00:47:21.260 Great question. 00:47:21.260 --> 00:47:24.460 A faster ship is a louder ship. 00:47:24.460 --> 00:47:30.580 So, some hooks might be familiar with 00:47:31.880 --> 00:47:38.060 the problem of ships, actually, striking whales. So you know if a whale is in the path of a 00:47:38.070 --> 00:47:43.230 ship it can strike the whale and so one of the ways we try to reduce that risk 00:47:43.230 --> 00:47:48.360 is by slowing ships down. An added benefit of slowing ships down is to 00:47:48.360 --> 00:47:52.880 reduce the noise from the ship and so 00:47:52.880 --> 00:47:55.680 That's kind of a nice management 00:47:55.680 --> 00:48:00.690 strategy that we've been pursuing for over a decade now, here, in such a heavily 00:48:00.690 --> 00:48:05.430 trafficked area like adjacent to our sanctuary, as we're working with the 00:48:05.430 --> 00:48:11.370 shipping industry and we've actually had pretty good success with getting 00:48:11.370 --> 00:48:16.020 different shipping companies to slow their ships down. It's specifically when 00:48:16.020 --> 00:48:20.460 they're transiting through and past the sanctuary and these important whale habitats. 00:48:20.460 --> 00:48:24.520 So great question. A slower ship is a quieter ship. 00:48:25.940 --> 00:48:26.840 -Great, thanks Lindsey., 00:48:26.850 --> 00:48:32.280 we are getting a few questions about seismic blasting, so I'll combine two of 00:48:32.280 --> 00:48:37.380 them into one question. Mark is asking if NOAA Fisheries is still authorizing 00:48:37.380 --> 00:48:43.830 seismic blasting despite the hazard to mammals? And then Dominique is asking is 00:48:43.830 --> 00:48:48.600 there a routine for Navy sonar testing or seismic blasts in the sanctuary? 00:48:49.140 --> 00:48:50.160 hmm 00:48:50.640 --> 00:48:55.160 so there's I'll answer the second one first because that one's quick 00:48:55.170 --> 00:49:01.920 we don't have seismic blasting that is initiated within the sanctuary so the 00:49:01.920 --> 00:49:05.900 the military testing happens outside of the sanctuary. 00:49:06.080 --> 00:49:08.940 But, as we hopefully learn 00:49:08.940 --> 00:49:14.850 throughout the presentation you know sound can travel quite well in seawater, 00:49:14.850 --> 00:49:19.500 and so just because that you know that sort of invisible boundary exists 00:49:19.500 --> 00:49:22.990 doesn't mean that the sound can't travel inside the sanctuary. So there's still 00:49:22.990 --> 00:49:28.230 of course a threat if there is military activity outside military testing 00:49:28.230 --> 00:49:32.319 outside of the sanctuary that we could experience those impacts within the 00:49:32.319 --> 00:49:33.840 sanctuary boundaries. 00:49:33.840 --> 00:49:38.739 To address the first question, yes, the National Marine 00:49:38.739 --> 00:49:45.729 Fisheries Service is still permitting folks like the Navy to conduct 00:49:45.729 --> 00:49:48.760 activities like seismic testing. 00:49:48.760 --> 00:49:52.930 There's actually a lot of kind of current events 00:49:52.930 --> 00:49:55.562 about this particular issue on the East Coast right now 00:49:55.562 --> 00:49:57.680 which I encourage all of you to follow. 00:49:57.840 --> 00:50:06.160 Each population of marine mammals or any protected specie has has 00:50:06.160 --> 00:50:10.700 a threshold levels for what we call it "take". 00:50:10.820 --> 00:50:14.020 So, that's an injury or a death to 00:50:14.020 --> 00:50:19.180 or harassment to a marine animal or protected species. 00:50:19.180 --> 00:50:27.920 And so there's a certain number of those animals in each population that is allowable to to harm 00:50:28.020 --> 00:50:31.340 or injure or what we call "take" 00:50:31.340 --> 00:50:35.040 And so that is the the law that they are 00:50:35.049 --> 00:50:40.390 operating under is allowing these takes and so yes they still are permitting and 00:50:40.390 --> 00:50:44.279 of course there's a very long process of having to do environmental impact 00:50:44.279 --> 00:50:50.279 assessments and to try to to the best of their ability to predict how many 00:50:50.279 --> 00:50:54.849 animals within each population, within each region, that they will affect and so 00:50:54.849 --> 00:51:01.980 that's how they work together to to coexist in those . 00:51:02.620 --> 00:51:04.220 - Great, thank you. 00:51:04.380 --> 00:51:08.520 Another few questions I'm gonna try to combine here. We're getting quite a few in, 00:51:08.529 --> 00:51:12.760 so if we don't get to all of them we'll be sure to ask Lindsey and email you the answers. 00:51:12.760 --> 00:51:16.930 But, Christopher is asking if you could please talk a little 00:51:16.930 --> 00:51:21.700 bit more about how marine mammals use sound as navigational cues? 00:51:21.900 --> 00:51:27.640 And then Alissa is also asking how sounds can be used to better understand and protect 00:51:27.640 --> 00:51:32.469 marine sanctuaries? So, if you want to try to connect those two questions there 00:51:32.469 --> 00:51:33.600 that'd be awesome. 00:51:33.600 --> 00:51:35.920 - Yeah. What was the second one? 00:51:35.920 --> 00:51:49.319 How sounds can be used to better understand and protect national marine sanctuaries. okay so marine mammals use sound in 00:51:49.320 --> 00:51:54.180 Several ways so they can talk to each other 00:51:54.360 --> 00:51:58.580 and they can use other cues 00:51:58.589 --> 00:52:05.109 auditory cues I gave this snapping trip as an example as ways to navigate and so 00:52:05.109 --> 00:52:12.910 depending on baleen whales and and melon-headed whales are have two 00:52:12.910 --> 00:52:21.069 different ways that they use sound but basically it's good to think about it as 00:52:21.069 --> 00:52:26.699 a call-and-response. They send out a vocalization and when they get a 00:52:26.699 --> 00:52:33.150 basically echo of that vocalization, they can, it helps them navigate whether 00:52:33.150 --> 00:52:39.099 they're in a big ocean basin or if they're in a shallow area or if they're 00:52:39.100 --> 00:52:43.140 close to a kelp bed or close to the shore. 00:52:43.780 --> 00:52:45.700 So those are some of the ways that 00:52:45.700 --> 00:52:49.660 they use vocalizations to navigate and to migrate. 00:52:50.460 --> 00:52:53.940 and how we how we use sound 00:52:53.949 --> 00:52:58.959 to study marine protected areas I think was the second question 00:52:58.959 --> 00:53:06.729 I've given a lot examples today but I think comparing those sounds so some of 00:53:06.729 --> 00:53:10.359 the locations that I shared with you and Channel Islands were interested in 00:53:10.359 --> 00:53:16.689 better understanding how resources like marine mammals are using the habitats. 00:53:16.689 --> 00:53:22.839 And so, that's a consistent theme across a lot of these marine protected areas 00:53:22.839 --> 00:53:27.189 sanctuaries in particular. And so, I think that's kind of this common thread that 00:53:27.189 --> 00:53:33.369 we have marine mammals, shipping is another one of those sound sources that 00:53:33.369 --> 00:53:39.819 occurs across many of them, the National marine sanctuaries, as well as fisheries. 00:53:39.819 --> 00:53:44.859 So, going back to the beginning Hannah's introduction of marine sanctuaries is 00:53:44.859 --> 00:53:49.559 you know these are special places that we want to encourage activity we don't 00:53:49.560 --> 00:53:54.420 prevent any activity, except for oil and gas exploration. 00:53:54.600 --> 00:53:58.920 so all other activities are encouraged in a sustainable way. 00:53:58.920 --> 00:54:01.869 And so, these common threads across 00:54:01.869 --> 00:54:06.849 these common uses across national marine sanctuaries are a nice way to think 00:54:06.849 --> 00:54:10.420 about how we're approaching researching sound. 00:54:12.600 --> 00:54:14.280 - that's great. thank you. 00:54:14.280 --> 00:54:22.089 And we've received a few questions on how to best relay this information to the public in 00:54:22.089 --> 00:54:26.829 just a few key points. And so, I think this would be a great final question to wrap 00:54:26.829 --> 00:54:31.869 up your presentation? It's just if you were to convey it to someone from the 00:54:31.869 --> 00:54:35.619 public and a few points how would you convey it and 00:54:35.620 --> 00:54:37.260 what would you tell them they could do to help? 00:54:38.120 --> 00:54:43.500 hmm.. Okay. 00:54:43.520 --> 00:54:45.420 Well, I think, you know, just kind of 00:54:45.430 --> 00:54:51.430 understanding sound in the ocean is something that is still tricky for the 00:54:51.430 --> 00:54:57.730 general public, and so, hopefully this idea of a soundscape. I think a lot of 00:54:57.730 --> 00:55:04.980 times we think about the anthropogenic noises being the loudest and the most 00:55:04.980 --> 00:55:10.700 disruptive noises in the ocean and and in fact that's not always the case. 00:55:11.600 --> 00:55:17.520 Kind of going back to that National Park example, which is a stressed example, but 00:55:17.530 --> 00:55:24.819 similar in that a nice kind of point that you could a teaching point that you 00:55:24.819 --> 00:55:29.980 could share with the general public is that things like earthquakes, lightning, 00:55:29.980 --> 00:55:34.280 these these very natural processes, Snapping Shrimp are very loud. 00:55:34.280 --> 00:55:40.740 So, it's not that we need a quiet ocean, we just need to preserve the 00:55:40.740 --> 00:55:46.340 interactions between habitats and species that are natural. 00:55:46.340 --> 00:55:52.240 So, those are maybe the two points that I think would be interesting to convey to the public 00:55:52.240 --> 00:55:57.520 is understanding what a soundscape is, all of the different components of the 00:55:57.520 --> 00:56:03.550 soundscape, and why it matters. You know, we don't necessarily need a super quiet 00:56:03.550 --> 00:56:08.330 ocean we just need to preserve the natural interactions between 00:56:08.330 --> 00:56:11.000 the habitats and the species within ecosystems. 00:56:12.660 --> 00:56:14.420 - Great, thank you so much. 00:56:14.420 --> 00:56:18.260 And, Lindsey, thank you so much for the incredible and informative presentation 00:56:18.260 --> 00:56:23.120 on ocean soundscapes. I've sure learned a lot and I really appreciate all of the 00:56:23.120 --> 00:56:26.260 education resources that you've shared at the end, as well. 00:56:26.260 --> 00:56:29.840 So I'm excited to share those with all of the attendees. 00:56:29.840 --> 00:56:32.300 I wanted to thank you all for attending 00:56:32.300 --> 00:56:38.270 the National Marine Sanctuaries webinar series today, and we welcome any feedback 00:56:38.270 --> 00:56:42.980 that you might have or further questions to the email that's up on this slide or 00:56:42.980 --> 00:56:48.120 Claire or my own email that was on the slide with our information as well. 00:56:48.120 --> 00:56:53.660 we're also going to answer the submitted questions that we didn't get to during 00:56:53.660 --> 00:56:57.830 the question and answer time. So stay tuned for those we'll send out an email 00:56:57.830 --> 00:57:02.520 to Lindsey with those questions and once we get her response we'll share them with you as well. 00:57:02.820 --> 00:57:06.380 And well as a reminder we're also going to share this recording 00:57:06.380 --> 00:57:10.940 of the webinar on the archive that's the archive link that's shown above and 00:57:10.940 --> 00:57:13.940 we'll send that out to the registrants as well. 00:57:14.740 --> 00:57:17.140 There's also a evaluation that 00:57:17.150 --> 00:57:21.290 is only going to ask you a few questions and take about three minutes at the end 00:57:21.290 --> 00:57:25.850 of this webinar, so if you would be able to complete that right after signing off 00:57:25.850 --> 00:57:31.400 that would be fantastic and we'd greatly appreciate any feedback you're willing to share. 00:57:34.180 --> 00:57:38.780 Additionally you will receive a certificate of attendance for one hour 00:57:38.780 --> 00:57:43.490 of professional development after completing this webinar, so we'll send 00:57:43.490 --> 00:57:45.860 that out after today's presentation. 00:57:47.660 --> 00:57:50.960 And our National Marine Sanctuaries webinar series will continue 00:57:50.960 --> 00:57:53.890 so our next webinar will be May 21st. 00:57:53.890 --> 00:57:58.080 and it will be on estimating coral feeding habits from space 00:57:58.080 --> 00:58:02.460 so definitely one that you're going to want to check out from Dr. Michael Fox 00:58:04.400 --> 00:58:07.320 We also have another one coming up in June 00:58:07.540 --> 00:58:10.880 June 11th that's about protecting blue whales from 00:58:10.880 --> 00:58:15.155 vessels vessels ship strikes with vessel speed reduction. 00:58:15.160 --> 00:58:21.340 This kind of goes along with Lindsey the vessel sound and and vessel speed noise 00:58:24.140 --> 00:58:30.040 and like I said, again, I'd like to encourage you to complete the evaluation following this 00:58:30.040 --> 00:58:36.520 presentation. And we'll be in touch with the education resources, the certificate, 00:58:36.520 --> 00:58:40.640 and answering any follow-up questions that you may have. 00:58:40.640 --> 00:58:45.600 Thank you again, Dr. Lindsey, for the great information and for the information on 00:58:45.720 --> 00:58:48.300 the impact that noise has on the ocean. 00:58:49.280 --> 00:58:53.540 Alright thank you so much for your time this concludes today's webinar! 00:58:54.760 --> 00:58:55.760 - Great, thank you.