WEBVTT

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<v ->Everyone to today's webinar</v>

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about "Blue Carbon: Teaching Hope".

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So we're pleased that you're here joining us

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for the "National Marine Sanctuaries Webinar Series"

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that's hosted by the NOAA Office

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of National Marine Sanctuaries.

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Wanted to let you all know

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that during the presentation,

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all attendees will be in listen-only mode,

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and you're welcome to type questions

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into the question box

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in your go-to webinar control panel.

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If you're having any technical issues,

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you can also put a comment in there,

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and I'll be working on those

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when I'm not presenting.

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Excited to have our special guest today talking

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about blue carbon.

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We have over 700 direct registrants,

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so there's high interest in this topic.

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And let's go ahead and get started.

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So I'm the webinar host.

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My name is Claire Fackler.

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I'm the National Education Liaison

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for the Sanctuary System.

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And these sanctuaries,

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they're protecting the ocean and the Great Lakes.

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You can think of them like underwater parks.

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We just celebrated our 50th anniversary

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of protecting these special ocean

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and Great Lakes treasures.

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And this system, you can think of it

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like the National Park system, but again,

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underwater parks and we manage

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over 620,000 square miles of ocean

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and Great Lakes waters.

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So each of the dots, white dots on the map

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represent one of our national marine sanctuaries

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or these underwater parks.

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And you can see that there's a big cluster

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of them in the state of California.

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We've got some sites in the Pacific Islands

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and the Gulf of Mexico, Florida Keys wrapping

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around the East coast.

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And then of course lots of freshwater sites

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protecting shipwrecks and maritime heritage

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in the Great Lakes.

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If you're seeing triangles,

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those are marine national monuments.

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They're just kind of a different term

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for these underwater parks

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because they are designated in a different way

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through the National Antiquities Act.

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And then the yellow boxes are part of expansion.

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So those are proposed sanctuary sites

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and this is all part

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of the Biden Administration's "America the Beautiful"

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and then the global initiative called "30 by 30",

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which is protecting 30% of public lands

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and waters by the year 2030.

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So lots of expansion coming on and lots

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of excitement in that realm.

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So these special areas are set aside

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for a wide variety of reasons.

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In some cases like this photo

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from Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary,

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it's 'cause of the biodiversity.

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In some cases it's because of the cultural

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and archeological resources

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or the maritime heritage found

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like the shipwreck.

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But all in all these special ocean areas

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and Great Lake areas,

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well at least the ocean areas are protecting

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and providing shelter for endangered

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and threatened animals

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like this Hawaiian green sea turtle.

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And then Congress, we actually

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follow the National Marine Sanctuaries Act

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and we're mandated to do certain things

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such as education and outreach

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as well as research

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and monitoring.

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And we do all of this to protect the resources

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so the plants and animals that live

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in these special areas.

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And like a national park,

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we want people to enjoy these special ocean

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and Great Lake places by getting

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into your sanctuary.

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We want you to enjoy them,

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which then will hopefully lead you

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to respect them and want them protected.

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And you can do things like kayak, fish,

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snorkel, scuba dive,

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surf, get on a boat, view marine life.

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And then ultimately we hope

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that people get inspired and they come on board

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as a volunteer to help

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protect these special places.

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Just to wrap up here,

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because today's presentation on blue carbon

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is focused in our climate series,

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I just wanted to bring

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up the Yale Climate Communication,

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the "Five Facts, Ten Words".

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I always find this handy.

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We know that scientists agree

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that climate change is real.

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It's us as in human caused.

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It's bad, yet there's still hope.

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And part of the hope is

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that marine protected areas

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like national marine sanctuaries

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and marine national monuments can help

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with climate resilience by storing carbon

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and protecting biodiversity.

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So MPAs, Marine Protected Areas are one part

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of the solution.

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And just as a general reminder for all of us,

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the more we can talk about climate change

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at our dinner tables with our friends

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and colleagues and other people, right,

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it helps normalize concern for climate change.

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And that helps a lot with advancing,

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moving towards solutions.

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And of course when we have ideas

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that are innovative and creative,

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we work together, we take action

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that can lead to change.

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So today's topic, blue carbon, super exciting.

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This is an infographic.

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I'll post the link that NOAA has provided.

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And with that I'm going

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to welcome our presenters today.

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We've got Sara Hutto,

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who is with our NOAA's Greater Farallones

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and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries.

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We also are joined by Jenny Stock

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or Jennifer Stock,

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who's our Education and Outreach Specialist

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and media liaison for the same site.

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So with that ladies, I'm gonna let you

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do a brief introduction to yourselves

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and we'll transfer over the controls.

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So take it away.

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<v ->All right, good afternoon everyone.</v>

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I am very excited to be here today.

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As Claire said, I'm Sara Hutto

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and I coordinate the climate program

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for Greater Farallones

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and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries.

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I live in Santa Cruz, California

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and have been working on climate change

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and really working to make our sanctuaries

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more resilient to climate change

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for about 12 years now.

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So I will let Jenny introduce herself

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while I make sure that I've got my slides up.

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Does that look good?

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<v ->Yeah, it looks good.</v>

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Looks great.
<v ->Okay.</v>

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<v ->Hi everybody, I'm Jenny Stock</v>

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and I am the education specialist

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with the Greater Farallones

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and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries.

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I've been here for 24 years

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bringing ocean stories from our sanctuaries

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to many different audiences.

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So I've been in the field

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of environmental education for about 30 years,

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worked at the National Park Service

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as an interpreter and have been so lucky

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to work with many of these sanctuary colleagues

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for so long.

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And I'm super excited about blue carbon

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and sharing some of these awesome stories

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with you today.

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So thanks for having us.

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<v ->All right, fantastic.</v>

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Okay, so why don't we get started?

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And actually I wanted to start with something

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that has been on my mind the last few years

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that I've been working in this field.

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And also it has a lot to do

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with the message we're trying to get across

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with this webinar is in teaching hope.

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Because climate anxiety and climate grief

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is really on the rise among today's youth.

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I see it with my own kids actually

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who are not very old.

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But those messages of kind of climate concern

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and anxiety really permeate our culture

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and for good reason.

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But with our youth,

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it's particularly becoming kind

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of a mental health issue.

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And so I was researching this a bit

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for some context for today's presentation.

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There's a lot of studies

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that have documented climate anxiety

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and climate grief, but there's one

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from just a few years ago

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where they surveyed 10,000 youth

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between the of 16 and 25

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from all around the world,

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a thousand of them were from the US

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and they found that 59% of these youth

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were either very or extremely worried

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about climate change.

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More than 50% reported feeling sad,

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anxious, angry, powerless, helpless

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and guilty when they thought

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about climate change.

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More than 45% said that their feelings

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about climate change negatively affected

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their daily life and functioning.

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And many reported a high number

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of negative thoughts about climate change.

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One thing I found really interesting is that 39%

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of these youth surveyed said they were hesitant

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to have children because of climate change.

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75% said they think the future is frightening.

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And 83% said they think that people in general,

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probably the adults around them,

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have failed to take care of the planet.

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Climate anxiety and distress were correlated

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with perceived inadequate government response

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and associated feelings of betrayal.

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And I have kind of heard anecdotally

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that climate grief and anxiety

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are now being treated by therapists for children.

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Children as young as eight have been surveyed

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and reported to feel these feelings.

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And so not only is this,

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I think a mental health concern,

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but also we know that people are not inspired

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to act when they're feeling grief,

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anxiety, depression.

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People are inspired to act

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when they feel empowered,

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when they feel that what they do

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can make a difference and when they feel

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that there is hope.

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And I keep thinking

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about Barack Obama's presidential campaign

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and he really focused on a message of hope

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and it really inspired a whole new block

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of youth to vote that year

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and ultimately that got him into office.

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So all of that to say that messages of hope

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really inspire action.

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And so what we're bringing to you

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all today is kind of one potential message

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or suite of messages that I think

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not only help our kids hit the science standards

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that educators are always concerned about,

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but it helps them also make a little more sense

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of the world and how the world works

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and gives them some ideas of action

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and I think inspires hope.

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And so that is really where whoop whoop,

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this topic of blue carbon comes in.

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And kind of before I get into that content,

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I just want to kind of introduce and provide

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some context about the sanctuaries

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that you heard that Jenny and I both work for.

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And that's Greater Farallones

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and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries.

270
00:11:38.940 --> 00:11:40.440
And they're part of that great system

271
00:11:40.440 --> 00:11:42.810
of sanctuaries that you saw in the map

272
00:11:42.810 --> 00:11:44.340
that Claire provided.

273
00:11:44.340 --> 00:11:45.750
At our sites we're also supported

274
00:11:45.750 --> 00:11:47.460
by Greater Farallones Association

275
00:11:47.460 --> 00:11:49.110
to do a lot of our work.

276
00:11:49.110 --> 00:11:50.940
And these sanctuaries protect

277
00:11:50.940 --> 00:11:53.640
about 5,500 square miles of very,

278
00:11:53.640 --> 00:11:58.110
very productive, highly bio diverse ecosystems.

279
00:11:58.110 --> 00:11:59.940
And the area in general is characterized

280
00:11:59.940 --> 00:12:02.940
by this cool very nutrient rich water

281
00:12:02.940 --> 00:12:04.500
that's upwelled from the deep,

282
00:12:04.500 --> 00:12:07.590
which really supports these bio diverse systems.

283
00:12:07.590 --> 00:12:10.200
And at our site we run the center

284
00:12:10.200 --> 00:12:12.210
for collaboration on ocean climate change,

285
00:12:12.210 --> 00:12:14.280
which essentially means that we work

286
00:12:14.280 --> 00:12:16.260
with other sites across the system

287
00:12:16.260 --> 00:12:19.047
with our main aim to be that our sanctuaries

288
00:12:19.047 --> 00:12:20.430
are climate resilient

289
00:12:20.430 --> 00:12:25.080
and that we're managing them for a future ocean

290
00:12:25.080 --> 00:12:27.930
and not managing them for the past.

291
00:12:27.930 --> 00:12:30.390
Okay, so to get into kind of the meat

292
00:12:30.390 --> 00:12:32.490
of what we wanted to discuss today,

293
00:12:32.490 --> 00:12:33.720
and that is blue carbon.

294
00:12:33.720 --> 00:12:35.550
And I know some of you have heard the term,

295
00:12:35.550 --> 00:12:37.320
some of you may have even seen me present

296
00:12:37.320 --> 00:12:39.690
on this topic before, but it's always great

297
00:12:39.690 --> 00:12:41.580
to start with like a common understanding.

298
00:12:41.580 --> 00:12:44.160
So typically when people hear blue carbon,

299
00:12:44.160 --> 00:12:47.970
they think of coastal blue carbon systems.

300
00:12:47.970 --> 00:12:50.250
Blue carbon generally is defined as carbon

301
00:12:50.250 --> 00:12:52.410
that's sequestered, which means it's captured

302
00:12:52.410 --> 00:12:54.330
and stored by the world's ocean

303
00:12:54.330 --> 00:12:55.800
and coastal ecosystems.

304
00:12:55.800 --> 00:12:57.630
And so kind of the three, what I consider

305
00:12:57.630 --> 00:12:59.760
like the heavy hitters, the three systems

306
00:12:59.760 --> 00:13:02.250
that are most studied, most well known,

307
00:13:02.250 --> 00:13:04.969
and they exist kind of on the coastal margins,

308
00:13:04.969 --> 00:13:09.150
are salt marsh, mangroves and seagrasses.

309
00:13:09.150 --> 00:13:12.030
We have all three of these in the United States.

310
00:13:12.030 --> 00:13:14.251
Salt marsh, we have the most of, I think,

311
00:13:14.251 --> 00:13:15.660
about 19,000 square kilometers

312
00:13:15.660 --> 00:13:17.610
of salt marsh habitat.

313
00:13:17.610 --> 00:13:19.950
Mangroves are essentially coastal forests.

314
00:13:19.950 --> 00:13:21.690
We have three species of mangroves

315
00:13:21.690 --> 00:13:23.310
in the United States.

316
00:13:23.310 --> 00:13:26.100
And seagrasses are unique because they form

317
00:13:26.100 --> 00:13:29.430
these really dense underground mats

318
00:13:29.430 --> 00:13:32.400
of roots or they're called rhizomes.

319
00:13:32.400 --> 00:13:34.230
So all three of these habitats work

320
00:13:34.230 --> 00:13:36.960
to absorb carbon dioxide and sequester

321
00:13:36.960 --> 00:13:40.680
that carbon into kind of the plant material,

322
00:13:40.680 --> 00:13:43.430
but also more long term, the sediments,

323
00:13:43.430 --> 00:13:46.590
the mud and the dirt that the roots

324
00:13:46.590 --> 00:13:48.603
and that these habitats hold in place.

325
00:13:50.250 --> 00:13:52.590
But what we are really trying to focus on

326
00:13:52.590 --> 00:13:55.498
and raise awareness of at sanctuaries

327
00:13:55.498 --> 00:13:58.950
are the processes and the systems

328
00:13:58.950 --> 00:14:01.320
that are capturing and storing carbon

329
00:14:01.320 --> 00:14:02.220
in the ocean.

330
00:14:02.220 --> 00:14:04.290
And so we refer to kind of this category

331
00:14:04.290 --> 00:14:07.800
of blue carbon as marine or oceanic blue carbon.

332
00:14:07.800 --> 00:14:09.780
And the thing that I really try to get across

333
00:14:09.780 --> 00:14:12.570
to folks is that pretty much everything

334
00:14:12.570 --> 00:14:14.399
that lives in the ocean is contributing

335
00:14:14.399 --> 00:14:16.504
to carbon sequestration.

336
00:14:16.504 --> 00:14:18.480
And if you kind of go back to, I don't know,

337
00:14:18.480 --> 00:14:20.520
maybe sixth or seventh grade science

338
00:14:20.520 --> 00:14:21.945
and think about the carbon cycle,

339
00:14:21.945 --> 00:14:24.437
all life forms are made up of carbon.

340
00:14:24.437 --> 00:14:28.080
Carbon is cycled from a photosynthesizer

341
00:14:28.080 --> 00:14:29.795
to a herbivore to a predator.

342
00:14:29.795 --> 00:14:32.478
But at every step of this carbon cycle,

343
00:14:32.478 --> 00:14:34.620
there's some carbon that's kind of lost,

344
00:14:34.620 --> 00:14:36.420
that's not passed on either

345
00:14:36.420 --> 00:14:39.240
through fecal material or through natural death

346
00:14:39.240 --> 00:14:41.265
or sloughing of tissues.

347
00:14:41.265 --> 00:14:43.332
And when this occurs in the ocean,

348
00:14:43.332 --> 00:14:46.020
sometimes a portion of that carbon ends

349
00:14:46.020 --> 00:14:49.200
up sinking and settling on the deep sea floor.

350
00:14:49.200 --> 00:14:51.750
And so any sort of carbon cycling

351
00:14:51.750 --> 00:14:53.730
that occurs in the ocean, there's a greater chance

352
00:14:53.730 --> 00:14:55.500
for that carbon to be sequestered

353
00:14:55.500 --> 00:14:57.030
and stored long term.

354
00:14:57.030 --> 00:14:59.490
As opposed to carbon cycling that occurs on land,

355
00:14:59.490 --> 00:15:01.620
there's less opportunity for that carbon

356
00:15:01.620 --> 00:15:02.870
to get kind of locked up.

357
00:15:05.100 --> 00:15:08.470
So sometimes I like to show this graphic

358
00:15:09.330 --> 00:15:11.130
to just give a sense of kind of,

359
00:15:11.130 --> 00:15:12.750
there's really like two main steps

360
00:15:12.750 --> 00:15:13.980
and this is very simplified,

361
00:15:13.980 --> 00:15:18.210
but two main steps to blue carbon sequestration.

362
00:15:18.210 --> 00:15:20.340
The first step is the same regardless

363
00:15:20.340 --> 00:15:21.173
of whether you're talking

364
00:15:21.173 --> 00:15:23.520
about these coastal photosynthesizers

365
00:15:23.520 --> 00:15:25.470
or the more marine photosynthesizers,

366
00:15:25.470 --> 00:15:28.239
but that carbon dioxide has to be captured

367
00:15:28.239 --> 00:15:31.320
and fixed and turned into organic carbon

368
00:15:31.320 --> 00:15:33.780
and only a photosynthesizer does that.

369
00:15:33.780 --> 00:15:34.860
So again back

370
00:15:34.860 --> 00:15:38.190
to middle school science photosynthesis,

371
00:15:38.190 --> 00:15:41.610
these plants and algae are absorbing CO2

372
00:15:41.610 --> 00:15:44.130
either out of the air or aqueous CO2

373
00:15:44.130 --> 00:15:46.650
in the sea water and they're incorporating

374
00:15:46.650 --> 00:15:48.030
that carbon into their tissues

375
00:15:48.030 --> 00:15:49.650
'cause that's the building block of all life

376
00:15:49.650 --> 00:15:51.483
and they're releasing the oxygen.

377
00:15:52.408 --> 00:15:55.530
So the first step to carbon sequestration is that

378
00:15:55.530 --> 00:15:57.720
that carbon capture where it's absorbed

379
00:15:57.720 --> 00:15:59.520
and fixed into the tissues,

380
00:15:59.520 --> 00:16:02.520
that carbon is just temporarily stored though,

381
00:16:02.520 --> 00:16:06.270
because the plant or the alga could be consumed

382
00:16:06.270 --> 00:16:10.740
by an herbivore, the material could slough off

383
00:16:10.740 --> 00:16:12.840
and decay and decompose

384
00:16:12.840 --> 00:16:15.753
and that re-releases the CO2.

385
00:16:17.310 --> 00:16:19.560
So really what has to happen for sequestration

386
00:16:19.560 --> 00:16:22.230
to occur is that carbon's gotta be locked away.

387
00:16:22.230 --> 00:16:24.870
And so that can either happen in place

388
00:16:24.870 --> 00:16:27.210
with seagrasses and salt marshes.

389
00:16:27.210 --> 00:16:30.041
It gets incorporated into roots and rhizomes.

390
00:16:30.041 --> 00:16:34.380
Dead material can get trapped in the sediments

391
00:16:34.380 --> 00:16:37.530
and the mud underneath these plants end

392
00:16:37.530 --> 00:16:39.690
up becoming very carbon rich and anoxic.

393
00:16:39.690 --> 00:16:41.610
And so the carbon is stored long term

394
00:16:41.610 --> 00:16:43.710
and you can have like a meter deep

395
00:16:43.710 --> 00:16:46.050
of really carbon rich sediments.

396
00:16:46.050 --> 00:16:47.970
If we're talking about something in the ocean

397
00:16:47.970 --> 00:16:50.070
like kelp and phytoplankton,

398
00:16:50.070 --> 00:16:52.140
the carbon has to kind of be exported

399
00:16:52.140 --> 00:16:54.690
to a place where it will remain undisturbed.

400
00:16:54.690 --> 00:16:57.000
And so just a portion of that carbon ends

401
00:16:57.000 --> 00:16:59.670
up being exported offshore.

402
00:16:59.670 --> 00:17:01.290
It can sink to the sea floor

403
00:17:01.290 --> 00:17:04.080
where it can be buried or at depth

404
00:17:04.080 --> 00:17:06.900
for a long amount of time and it's effectively

405
00:17:06.900 --> 00:17:08.700
being removed from the carbon cycle.

406
00:17:09.660 --> 00:17:11.070
So that's kind of the gist

407
00:17:11.070 --> 00:17:13.050
of carbon sequestration.

408
00:17:13.050 --> 00:17:17.160
And I also wanted to cover why NOAA in general

409
00:17:17.160 --> 00:17:18.270
is interested in blue carbon

410
00:17:18.270 --> 00:17:19.740
and specifically sanctuaries,

411
00:17:19.740 --> 00:17:22.290
why is this area of importance to us

412
00:17:22.290 --> 00:17:24.120
and why do we focus on it.

413
00:17:24.120 --> 00:17:25.890
Well there's just some kind of interesting facts

414
00:17:25.890 --> 00:17:27.180
that I like to share with folks.

415
00:17:27.180 --> 00:17:29.700
The first is that the ocean absorbs about a third

416
00:17:29.700 --> 00:17:31.320
of our carbon dioxide emissions.

417
00:17:31.320 --> 00:17:33.540
If it weren't for the ocean absorbing

418
00:17:33.540 --> 00:17:35.460
all this excess CO2 that we're putting

419
00:17:35.460 --> 00:17:37.140
in the atmosphere, our planet

420
00:17:37.140 --> 00:17:38.883
would be pretty much inhabitable.

421
00:17:39.750 --> 00:17:41.490
The other interesting thing is,

422
00:17:41.490 --> 00:17:42.750
and I've kind of alluded to this,

423
00:17:42.750 --> 00:17:44.790
that the ocean stores over half

424
00:17:44.790 --> 00:17:46.830
of the world's biological carbon.

425
00:17:46.830 --> 00:17:49.020
So we have a lot of carbon

426
00:17:49.020 --> 00:17:51.837
that is already in the ocean.

427
00:17:51.837 --> 00:17:56.310
And of increasing importance to us

428
00:17:56.310 --> 00:17:58.710
as we start to better understand this

429
00:17:58.710 --> 00:18:01.140
is that marine sediments, so the sea floor,

430
00:18:01.140 --> 00:18:04.173
the seabed is actually the largest pool

431
00:18:04.173 --> 00:18:07.380
of non-fossil organic carbon on the planet.

432
00:18:07.380 --> 00:18:09.690
So it's like the largest storage site

433
00:18:09.690 --> 00:18:11.130
of organic carbon on the planet

434
00:18:11.130 --> 00:18:12.960
if you're not including kind

435
00:18:12.960 --> 00:18:14.160
of the fossil fuel reserves

436
00:18:14.160 --> 00:18:16.769
that are accounted for.

437
00:18:16.769 --> 00:18:19.920
But all of this being said, the ocean I think

438
00:18:19.920 --> 00:18:22.591
until pretty recently has largely been left out

439
00:18:22.591 --> 00:18:25.170
of the climate conversation

440
00:18:25.170 --> 00:18:27.150
when it comes to policies

441
00:18:27.150 --> 00:18:29.610
for mitigation or climate solutions.

442
00:18:29.610 --> 00:18:31.980
I think the last five years in particular,

443
00:18:31.980 --> 00:18:34.440
we've seen a lot more attention on the ocean.

444
00:18:34.440 --> 00:18:36.109
And so that's really our mission

445
00:18:36.109 --> 00:18:37.650
with this blue carbon work

446
00:18:37.650 --> 00:18:39.420
and the ocean climate program

447
00:18:39.420 --> 00:18:41.130
is to bring more attention to the role

448
00:18:41.130 --> 00:18:42.990
that the ocean plays.

449
00:18:42.990 --> 00:18:44.790
So we've in part done that

450
00:18:44.790 --> 00:18:46.050
through this report series.

451
00:18:46.050 --> 00:18:49.740
We've done a lot of research at our site

452
00:18:49.740 --> 00:18:51.390
at Greater Farallones and Cordell Bank

453
00:18:51.390 --> 00:18:54.060
to better characterize blue carbon processes

454
00:18:54.060 --> 00:18:55.610
and we've published that

455
00:18:55.610 --> 00:18:59.400
in this "Blue Carbon in MPAs Report" series.

456
00:18:59.400 --> 00:19:01.290
And so I thought I would share

457
00:19:01.290 --> 00:19:03.360
just a few examples of what we've learned

458
00:19:03.360 --> 00:19:06.060
and then I wanted to share a story

459
00:19:06.060 --> 00:19:07.740
to kind of bring it back to education

460
00:19:07.740 --> 00:19:09.420
and our youth and then we'll hear

461
00:19:09.420 --> 00:19:12.330
from Jenny about some really great resources.

462
00:19:12.330 --> 00:19:14.370
So what I wanted to share today,

463
00:19:14.370 --> 00:19:16.230
and this is just a bit of what we've done,

464
00:19:16.230 --> 00:19:18.900
is we actually quantified

465
00:19:18.900 --> 00:19:21.990
how much carbon our whale populations export

466
00:19:21.990 --> 00:19:24.540
to the deep sea through natural deaths.

467
00:19:24.540 --> 00:19:26.850
So when whales die a natural death,

468
00:19:26.850 --> 00:19:30.630
the vast majority of them sink to the sea floor.

469
00:19:30.630 --> 00:19:31.800
And if you think about all life

470
00:19:31.800 --> 00:19:33.240
being composed of carbon,

471
00:19:33.240 --> 00:19:35.400
the bigger you are, the more carbon you have.

472
00:19:35.400 --> 00:19:36.420
Whales are massive,

473
00:19:36.420 --> 00:19:39.480
they're like these giant carbon containers

474
00:19:39.480 --> 00:19:41.100
that when they die they take

475
00:19:41.100 --> 00:19:42.810
all of that carbon to the sea bed.

476
00:19:42.810 --> 00:19:44.597
So we were able to quantify how much

477
00:19:44.597 --> 00:19:46.023
of that carbon.

478
00:19:46.860 --> 00:19:48.150
We also looked at kelp.

479
00:19:48.150 --> 00:19:50.340
So kelp is a photosynthesizers,

480
00:19:50.340 --> 00:19:54.420
it's chock full of carbon and a portion

481
00:19:54.420 --> 00:19:56.640
of that kelp material gets dislodged

482
00:19:56.640 --> 00:19:57.810
throughout the course of the year

483
00:19:57.810 --> 00:20:00.240
and ends up out to sea and sinking.

484
00:20:00.240 --> 00:20:01.860
And so we also looked at that.

485
00:20:01.860 --> 00:20:03.570
And then the last thing I wanted to share is

486
00:20:03.570 --> 00:20:04.680
how much carbon we've been able

487
00:20:04.680 --> 00:20:06.150
to figure out is actually

488
00:20:06.150 --> 00:20:08.733
in the sea floor in the sanctuary.

489
00:20:10.290 --> 00:20:12.150
Okay, so first the whales,

490
00:20:12.150 --> 00:20:16.500
we looked at five species that frequent our area

491
00:20:16.500 --> 00:20:19.020
to feed and we were able

492
00:20:19.020 --> 00:20:21.570
to use previously published literature

493
00:20:21.570 --> 00:20:23.640
that really was able to figure out based

494
00:20:23.640 --> 00:20:25.020
on the population dynamics,

495
00:20:25.020 --> 00:20:28.230
the size of the species,

496
00:20:28.230 --> 00:20:30.180
how much carbon content is

497
00:20:30.180 --> 00:20:33.431
in an average individual of each species,

498
00:20:33.431 --> 00:20:35.293
that we were able to calculate that

499
00:20:35.293 --> 00:20:37.140
on an annual basis

500
00:20:37.140 --> 00:20:39.420
just through natural whale falls

501
00:20:39.420 --> 00:20:41.820
or whale deaths alone,

502
00:20:41.820 --> 00:20:44.070
we're getting almost 5,000 megagrams

503
00:20:44.070 --> 00:20:47.010
of carbon exported to the deep sea.

504
00:20:47.010 --> 00:20:50.580
That is an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide

505
00:20:50.580 --> 00:20:51.810
that would be released by,

506
00:20:51.810 --> 00:20:54.900
of almost 4,000 cars driving for a year.

507
00:20:54.900 --> 00:20:56.790
And it's also the equivalent amount

508
00:20:56.790 --> 00:20:58.920
of carbon dioxide that would be released

509
00:20:58.920 --> 00:21:01.530
if you were to burn almost 2 million gallons

510
00:21:01.530 --> 00:21:03.633
of gas each year.

511
00:21:04.860 --> 00:21:06.390
So not insignificant.

512
00:21:06.390 --> 00:21:07.830
And this is just looking at the whales,

513
00:21:07.830 --> 00:21:10.323
just a very tiny portion of our marine system.

514
00:21:11.430 --> 00:21:13.440
We also looked at kelp and kelp is a little

515
00:21:13.440 --> 00:21:15.360
more complicated in our region

516
00:21:15.360 --> 00:21:16.770
because as you may know,

517
00:21:16.770 --> 00:21:18.240
we've lost a lot of our kelp.

518
00:21:18.240 --> 00:21:20.640
So we wanted to understand the role

519
00:21:20.640 --> 00:21:23.261
that kelp would play for carbon sequestration

520
00:21:23.261 --> 00:21:27.060
in a year of really good productive growth

521
00:21:27.060 --> 00:21:29.190
compared to kind of what it's been like recently,

522
00:21:29.190 --> 00:21:31.380
which has not been so good.

523
00:21:31.380 --> 00:21:33.150
So we essentially calculated this,

524
00:21:33.150 --> 00:21:36.840
you'll see for 2008 using data from 2008

525
00:21:36.840 --> 00:21:38.763
and data from 2019.

526
00:21:39.695 --> 00:21:41.790
And the first metric you'll see is

527
00:21:41.790 --> 00:21:43.620
how much kelp we actually were able

528
00:21:43.620 --> 00:21:45.720
to map for those two years.

529
00:21:45.720 --> 00:21:48.900
And the metric is in meters squared.

530
00:21:48.900 --> 00:21:51.210
So it's kind of the coverage of the kelp canopy

531
00:21:51.210 --> 00:21:53.850
that you can see using satellite imagery.

532
00:21:53.850 --> 00:21:55.290
For 2008 we had two

533
00:21:55.290 --> 00:21:58.590
and a half million square meters of kelp canopy.

534
00:21:58.590 --> 00:22:01.143
And 2019, just six and a half thousand.

535
00:22:02.076 --> 00:22:04.860
When you then look at how much carbon is locked

536
00:22:04.860 --> 00:22:07.200
up in that amount of kelp, it's about five

537
00:22:07.200 --> 00:22:10.650
and a half thousand megagrams of carbon in 2008

538
00:22:10.650 --> 00:22:14.370
and just 16 megagrams of carbon in 2019.

539
00:22:14.370 --> 00:22:15.540
And then again relying

540
00:22:15.540 --> 00:22:17.370
on previously published literature

541
00:22:17.370 --> 00:22:19.230
from some fantastic scientists

542
00:22:19.230 --> 00:22:21.060
that did a global modeling study

543
00:22:21.060 --> 00:22:22.740
to estimate how much of that carbon

544
00:22:22.740 --> 00:22:24.420
actually gets exported and ends

545
00:22:24.420 --> 00:22:26.970
up being locked away.

546
00:22:26.970 --> 00:22:30.060
They estimate it's about 10 or 11%.

547
00:22:30.060 --> 00:22:32.740
So annually, we can estimate

548
00:22:32.740 --> 00:22:35.160
that we're getting about 600 megagrams

549
00:22:35.160 --> 00:22:36.810
of carbon exported per year

550
00:22:36.810 --> 00:22:38.400
when we have a really good year

551
00:22:38.400 --> 00:22:40.500
of healthy kelp growth.

552
00:22:40.500 --> 00:22:41.430
These last few years

553
00:22:41.430 --> 00:22:42.600
where we don't have much kelp,

554
00:22:42.600 --> 00:22:43.650
it's closer to like one

555
00:22:43.650 --> 00:22:45.123
or two megagrams of carbon.

556
00:22:47.430 --> 00:22:48.263
Okay.

557
00:22:48.263 --> 00:22:50.160
And then the last part of our study

558
00:22:50.160 --> 00:22:53.760
that I wanted to share is our most recent

559
00:22:53.760 --> 00:22:56.070
and we were able to collect thousands

560
00:22:56.070 --> 00:22:58.410
of data points of sediment samples

561
00:22:58.410 --> 00:23:00.000
that have been taken in our sanctuary

562
00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:03.150
over the years and to analyze those samples

563
00:23:03.150 --> 00:23:05.610
for organic carbon content.

564
00:23:05.610 --> 00:23:08.502
We were then able to use that to create this map.

565
00:23:08.502 --> 00:23:12.030
The black outline is the combined sanctuaries

566
00:23:12.030 --> 00:23:14.160
of Greater Farallones Cordell Bank

567
00:23:14.160 --> 00:23:16.440
and the northern portion of Monterey.

568
00:23:16.440 --> 00:23:19.500
And we were able to show in this map those areas

569
00:23:19.500 --> 00:23:22.500
that have higher carbon content in red

570
00:23:22.500 --> 00:23:23.790
and those areas that have little

571
00:23:23.790 --> 00:23:26.651
to no carbon content in blue.

572
00:23:26.651 --> 00:23:29.370
This is super useful for management.

573
00:23:29.370 --> 00:23:31.110
We can look at what sorts of activities

574
00:23:31.110 --> 00:23:33.090
might be happening to disturb the seabed

575
00:23:33.090 --> 00:23:34.710
because ultimately we just wanna

576
00:23:34.710 --> 00:23:36.300
make sure the carbon stays there.

577
00:23:36.300 --> 00:23:39.150
It has taken probably hundreds

578
00:23:39.150 --> 00:23:41.490
of thousands of years to accumulate

579
00:23:41.490 --> 00:23:44.490
because sediment accumulation is very slow

580
00:23:44.490 --> 00:23:47.670
in the deep sea, but it could take one event

581
00:23:47.670 --> 00:23:49.830
to kind of kick all that carbon rich sediment

582
00:23:49.830 --> 00:23:52.025
up into the water column and potentially

583
00:23:52.025 --> 00:23:55.620
it could be rereleased into the water column.

584
00:23:55.620 --> 00:23:57.720
So our goal is to keep that carbon in place

585
00:23:57.720 --> 00:23:58.970
and knowing where the carbon is

586
00:23:58.970 --> 00:24:00.573
is super helpful to do that.

587
00:24:01.590 --> 00:24:04.230
We also just wanted to know how much carbon.

588
00:24:04.230 --> 00:24:06.030
We just looked at the top 10 centimeters,

589
00:24:06.030 --> 00:24:08.010
kinda the very surface level.

590
00:24:08.010 --> 00:24:10.050
And we estimated using this data

591
00:24:10.050 --> 00:24:12.030
that there's about 9 million megagrams

592
00:24:12.030 --> 00:24:15.720
of carbon just in the surface layer of sediment.

593
00:24:15.720 --> 00:24:18.870
That's equivalent to 32 million metric tons

594
00:24:18.870 --> 00:24:21.630
of carbon dioxide, which is equivalent

595
00:24:21.630 --> 00:24:22.740
to burning three

596
00:24:22.740 --> 00:24:25.320
and a half billion gallons of gas.

597
00:24:25.320 --> 00:24:27.450
And this is just our tiny corner

598
00:24:27.450 --> 00:24:30.300
of the great big world ocean.

599
00:24:30.300 --> 00:24:32.670
And that's how much carbon is locked

600
00:24:32.670 --> 00:24:33.660
up in these sediments.

601
00:24:33.660 --> 00:24:35.210
So it really, I think demonstrates

602
00:24:35.210 --> 00:24:37.542
not only the fact that the ocean

603
00:24:37.542 --> 00:24:41.760
is a huge carbon reservoir, but also by looking

604
00:24:41.760 --> 00:24:42.960
at all these different components

605
00:24:42.960 --> 00:24:44.730
of the system and trying where we can,

606
00:24:44.730 --> 00:24:47.490
to quantify how much carbon is being sequestered,

607
00:24:47.490 --> 00:24:50.910
we're really showing the value of abundant

608
00:24:50.910 --> 00:24:53.426
and healthy marine life.

609
00:24:53.426 --> 00:24:57.600
So how can we use the ocean's natural ability

610
00:24:57.600 --> 00:25:00.870
as a carbon sponge to address climate change?

611
00:25:00.870 --> 00:25:03.270
My favorite way to think about this

612
00:25:03.270 --> 00:25:05.932
is a quote from a researcher Carlos Duarte

613
00:25:05.932 --> 00:25:07.627
and he simply said,

614
00:25:07.627 --> 00:25:10.260
"We must recarbonize the biosphere

615
00:25:10.260 --> 00:25:13.860
to decarbonize the atmosphere and we can do this

616
00:25:13.860 --> 00:25:15.600
by restoring the abundance of life

617
00:25:15.600 --> 00:25:17.700
on land and in the ocean."

618
00:25:17.700 --> 00:25:19.860
And so what essentially he's saying

619
00:25:19.860 --> 00:25:22.890
is we have excess carbon in the atmosphere

620
00:25:22.890 --> 00:25:24.000
as carbon dioxide, right?

621
00:25:24.000 --> 00:25:25.470
We need to get more of that carbon

622
00:25:25.470 --> 00:25:27.420
back into the biosphere

623
00:25:27.420 --> 00:25:29.613
so that we can decarbonize the atmosphere.

624
00:25:30.564 --> 00:25:33.210
So what I wanted to share are a few examples

625
00:25:33.210 --> 00:25:35.340
of how we can do that.

626
00:25:35.340 --> 00:25:36.810
The first is by protecting

627
00:25:36.810 --> 00:25:38.340
and restoring marine life.

628
00:25:38.340 --> 00:25:40.320
And so you've seen the evidence

629
00:25:40.320 --> 00:25:43.980
that whales contribute to carbon sequestration.

630
00:25:43.980 --> 00:25:45.450
There was a really great study done

631
00:25:45.450 --> 00:25:49.320
by a colleague Heidi Pearson up in Alaska

632
00:25:49.320 --> 00:25:51.030
and she was able to estimate

633
00:25:51.030 --> 00:25:52.620
that industrial whaling,

634
00:25:52.620 --> 00:25:54.420
which removed a lot of whales

635
00:25:54.420 --> 00:25:56.850
from the world's ocean, reduced the amount

636
00:25:56.850 --> 00:25:59.100
of carbon stored in the world's great whales

637
00:25:59.100 --> 00:26:02.070
by 82% and reduce the amount

638
00:26:02.070 --> 00:26:03.450
of carbon that was then exported

639
00:26:03.450 --> 00:26:07.050
and sequestered in whale falls by 83%.

640
00:26:07.050 --> 00:26:11.610
That's a huge loss of carbon storage.

641
00:26:11.610 --> 00:26:13.860
And so even though industrial whaling

642
00:26:13.860 --> 00:26:15.840
for the most part is no longer happening,

643
00:26:15.840 --> 00:26:17.160
some of our whale populations

644
00:26:17.160 --> 00:26:20.580
have not completely rebounded from that.

645
00:26:20.580 --> 00:26:23.280
And now the greatest threat is no longer whaling,

646
00:26:23.280 --> 00:26:26.975
but it's being struck by these big cargo ships

647
00:26:26.975 --> 00:26:30.330
that come into port to deliver all of our goods

648
00:26:30.330 --> 00:26:32.403
and crisscrossed the world's ocean.

649
00:26:33.480 --> 00:26:35.307
But they're hitting whales

650
00:26:35.307 --> 00:26:37.590
and they don't wanna hit whales, but it happens.

651
00:26:37.590 --> 00:26:40.080
So we are working with the shipping industry,

652
00:26:40.080 --> 00:26:43.050
they're slowing down so that our whales have time

653
00:26:43.050 --> 00:26:43.920
to get outta the way.

654
00:26:43.920 --> 00:26:47.190
And so by protecting whales from current threats,

655
00:26:47.190 --> 00:26:49.710
the idea is that we can then rebuild populations

656
00:26:49.710 --> 00:26:50.640
and restore some

657
00:26:50.640 --> 00:26:52.950
of that carbon sequestration service

658
00:26:52.950 --> 00:26:54.333
that they used to provide.

659
00:26:56.370 --> 00:26:58.087
Another thing I find really interesting,

660
00:26:58.087 --> 00:27:00.780
the literature abounds with examples

661
00:27:00.780 --> 00:27:03.090
of how when you have a healthy marine food web

662
00:27:03.090 --> 00:27:06.240
with all the components intact,

663
00:27:06.240 --> 00:27:08.100
then you have increased carbon sequestration.

664
00:27:08.100 --> 00:27:09.360
And this is just a sampling.

665
00:27:09.360 --> 00:27:12.180
So sea otters, they increase carbon storage

666
00:27:12.180 --> 00:27:13.710
in Alaskan kelp forests.

667
00:27:13.710 --> 00:27:16.080
Tiger sharks increase carbon sequestration

668
00:27:16.080 --> 00:27:18.030
in Australian seagrasses.

669
00:27:18.030 --> 00:27:19.620
The presence of predatory fish

670
00:27:19.620 --> 00:27:21.240
increases carbon sequestration

671
00:27:21.240 --> 00:27:22.950
in Australian mangroves.

672
00:27:22.950 --> 00:27:25.500
And blue crabs increase carbon sequestration

673
00:27:25.500 --> 00:27:26.820
in New England salt marshes.

674
00:27:26.820 --> 00:27:28.312
So there's a very clear trend.

675
00:27:28.312 --> 00:27:30.330
When we have healthy predators,

676
00:27:30.330 --> 00:27:32.100
they keep the herbivores in check,

677
00:27:32.100 --> 00:27:33.120
which then enables

678
00:27:33.120 --> 00:27:36.660
these photosynthesizing habitat forming species

679
00:27:36.660 --> 00:27:37.530
to do what they do.

680
00:27:37.530 --> 00:27:40.113
And one of those things is sequester carbon.

681
00:27:41.640 --> 00:27:43.380
The last thing I wanted to mention

682
00:27:43.380 --> 00:27:46.063
is that we do a lot of work at the sanctuary

683
00:27:46.063 --> 00:27:49.320
to protect and restore ecosystems.

684
00:27:49.320 --> 00:27:53.304
So those ecosystems that are sequestering carbon.

685
00:27:53.304 --> 00:27:56.790
So we've got issues with erosion and sea level rise

686
00:27:56.790 --> 00:27:59.280
and so we're implementing restoration

687
00:27:59.280 --> 00:28:00.657
and living shoreline techniques

688
00:28:00.657 --> 00:28:02.820
to get those habitats back

689
00:28:02.820 --> 00:28:05.880
to where they can be sequestering carbon.

690
00:28:05.880 --> 00:28:08.053
We have a program to help our eelgrass

691
00:28:08.053 --> 00:28:10.980
in Tomales Bay by removing illegal moorings

692
00:28:10.980 --> 00:28:12.690
and registering moorings and understanding

693
00:28:12.690 --> 00:28:14.280
where they're located so that we can better

694
00:28:14.280 --> 00:28:16.140
protect the seagrass.

695
00:28:16.140 --> 00:28:18.630
And we're bringing kelp back by working

696
00:28:18.630 --> 00:28:21.617
with commercial urchin divers,

697
00:28:21.617 --> 00:28:26.617
tribal governments, community leaders to work

698
00:28:27.450 --> 00:28:29.880
on reducing the herbivore load and to bring kelp

699
00:28:29.880 --> 00:28:31.143
back into the system.

700
00:28:33.510 --> 00:28:37.440
So I wanted to kind of switch gears again

701
00:28:37.440 --> 00:28:41.160
and kind of go back to the role of our youth

702
00:28:41.160 --> 00:28:43.650
and bring back this project that I presented

703
00:28:43.650 --> 00:28:46.087
on extensively I think a couple years ago.

704
00:28:46.087 --> 00:28:49.050
And it was really cool to see kind

705
00:28:49.050 --> 00:28:51.090
of the melding of all of these ideas together.

706
00:28:51.090 --> 00:28:53.100
So I thought I would just quickly share the story

707
00:28:53.100 --> 00:28:55.530
of climate hope and action and then we'll hear

708
00:28:55.530 --> 00:28:57.270
from Jenny about some of these tools.

709
00:28:57.270 --> 00:28:59.190
So we've been fortunate

710
00:28:59.190 --> 00:29:00.780
that our kids during Covid went

711
00:29:00.780 --> 00:29:03.070
to this really tiny kind of nature school

712
00:29:04.860 --> 00:29:07.245
outside of Santa Cruz and they do kind

713
00:29:07.245 --> 00:29:10.500
of environmental project every year to kind

714
00:29:10.500 --> 00:29:12.090
of teach them environmental activism.

715
00:29:12.090 --> 00:29:13.950
And their teacher wanted me to come in

716
00:29:13.950 --> 00:29:15.330
and talk about climate change

717
00:29:15.330 --> 00:29:18.060
to a bunch of kindergarten to sixth grade students,

718
00:29:18.060 --> 00:29:19.993
which I'd never done before.

719
00:29:19.993 --> 00:29:21.750
And I had to really think

720
00:29:21.750 --> 00:29:23.993
about how to bring in messages of hope

721
00:29:23.993 --> 00:29:25.650
when you're talking about something big

722
00:29:25.650 --> 00:29:26.913
and scary with kids.

723
00:29:28.530 --> 00:29:31.320
So I essentially brought them kind

724
00:29:31.320 --> 00:29:33.030
of a simplified version of the story

725
00:29:33.030 --> 00:29:34.920
that I've just told to you all just now.

726
00:29:34.920 --> 00:29:36.869
But I really honed in on the whales

727
00:29:36.869 --> 00:29:39.090
because kids find whales fascinating.

728
00:29:39.090 --> 00:29:41.220
Their teacher had just done a unit on whales.

729
00:29:41.220 --> 00:29:42.600
They already knew the threats

730
00:29:42.600 --> 00:29:43.832
that whales are facing.

731
00:29:43.832 --> 00:29:45.450
They already knew the important role

732
00:29:45.450 --> 00:29:47.430
of whales in the ecosystem.

733
00:29:47.430 --> 00:29:48.960
But I kind of made that connection

734
00:29:48.960 --> 00:29:53.177
for them of whales and climate change and action.

735
00:29:53.177 --> 00:29:57.656
We also taught them about how NOAA is working

736
00:29:57.656 --> 00:30:00.240
with the shipping industry

737
00:30:00.240 --> 00:30:02.310
and asking the ships to slow down so

738
00:30:02.310 --> 00:30:04.682
that the whales can get out of the way.

739
00:30:04.682 --> 00:30:06.960
And I thought what was really cool

740
00:30:06.960 --> 00:30:09.540
is that the kids decided that their action

741
00:30:09.540 --> 00:30:12.960
out of this wouldn't be to get in touch

742
00:30:12.960 --> 00:30:15.960
with the shipping lines that aren't cooperating

743
00:30:15.960 --> 00:30:17.220
and say you need to do better.

744
00:30:17.220 --> 00:30:18.450
But they wanted to actually

745
00:30:18.450 --> 00:30:21.303
thank the shipping lines that are cooperating.

746
00:30:22.950 --> 00:30:24.510
And so they really put a positive spin

747
00:30:24.510 --> 00:30:25.440
on it themselves.

748
00:30:25.440 --> 00:30:27.822
And so they made these beautiful postcards.

749
00:30:27.822 --> 00:30:30.090
And these are pictures of my son

750
00:30:30.090 --> 00:30:31.503
from a few years ago.

751
00:30:33.690 --> 00:30:34.747
And they wrote,

752
00:30:34.747 --> 00:30:36.360
"Thank you for slowing down,"

753
00:30:36.360 --> 00:30:37.380
on these postcards.

754
00:30:37.380 --> 00:30:38.640
And they sent them out

755
00:30:38.640 --> 00:30:41.446
to multiple shipping lines,

756
00:30:41.446 --> 00:30:44.550
some of whom are cooperating really, really well

757
00:30:44.550 --> 00:30:45.750
and have been for many years,

758
00:30:45.750 --> 00:30:48.060
some of whom are just starting to kind

759
00:30:48.060 --> 00:30:50.451
of cooperate with slowing down.

760
00:30:50.451 --> 00:30:53.280
And so, we really felt like this would

761
00:30:53.280 --> 00:30:54.840
be a great opportunity to encourage them

762
00:30:54.840 --> 00:30:56.973
to keep doing it and to maybe do more.

763
00:30:58.380 --> 00:31:00.390
What was really exciting was the response

764
00:31:00.390 --> 00:31:01.223
that we got.

765
00:31:01.223 --> 00:31:03.420
These are international shipping companies.

766
00:31:03.420 --> 00:31:05.685
I mean they operate all over the world.

767
00:31:05.685 --> 00:31:09.360
We had three shipping lines write articles

768
00:31:09.360 --> 00:31:13.140
about this postcard campaign

769
00:31:13.140 --> 00:31:14.700
and all these postcards that they got

770
00:31:14.700 --> 00:31:15.600
from these students

771
00:31:15.600 --> 00:31:17.490
in this tiny California school.

772
00:31:17.490 --> 00:31:19.650
These are like newsletters that go out

773
00:31:19.650 --> 00:31:24.243
to like their whole global set of employees.

774
00:31:25.980 --> 00:31:29.160
Here's a online article that NYK Line wrote

775
00:31:29.160 --> 00:31:30.450
and a picture of the school

776
00:31:30.450 --> 00:31:33.375
with their "Thank you for slowing down" banner.

777
00:31:33.375 --> 00:31:35.100
The most exciting thing was

778
00:31:35.100 --> 00:31:37.380
that the largest shipping line in the world,

779
00:31:37.380 --> 00:31:38.941
Mediterranean Shipping Company,

780
00:31:38.941 --> 00:31:40.800
these postcards made it all the way

781
00:31:40.800 --> 00:31:42.720
to their headquarters in Geneva.

782
00:31:42.720 --> 00:31:44.760
And their Executive Vice President

783
00:31:44.760 --> 00:31:47.250
actually contacted our NOAA staff person

784
00:31:47.250 --> 00:31:49.620
that runs the vessel speed reduction work

785
00:31:49.620 --> 00:31:51.210
and said to her, "You know,

786
00:31:51.210 --> 00:31:53.160
these postcards made a big impact.

787
00:31:53.160 --> 00:31:55.710
We already slowed down for whales

788
00:31:55.710 --> 00:31:57.889
but we're gonna recommit to the program."

789
00:31:57.889 --> 00:31:59.700
And at that time we were actually

790
00:31:59.700 --> 00:32:02.010
offering the shipping lines a financial incentive,

791
00:32:02.010 --> 00:32:04.410
a financial award for cooperating.

792
00:32:04.410 --> 00:32:06.067
And MSC at that time decided,

793
00:32:06.067 --> 00:32:07.080
"We're gonna decline

794
00:32:07.080 --> 00:32:08.700
all financial awards from here

795
00:32:08.700 --> 00:32:10.560
on and into the future so that

796
00:32:10.560 --> 00:32:13.410
that money can be reinvested into the program."

797
00:32:13.410 --> 00:32:16.830
And so it just really showed us the power

798
00:32:16.830 --> 00:32:19.800
of positive messaging and it more importantly,

799
00:32:19.800 --> 00:32:21.570
I think showed the kids the power

800
00:32:21.570 --> 00:32:24.660
of their voice and that they have power

801
00:32:24.660 --> 00:32:26.667
even at such a young age.

802
00:32:26.667 --> 00:32:29.820
ABC 7 News ended up doing a little news story

803
00:32:29.820 --> 00:32:30.653
on it as well.

804
00:32:30.653 --> 00:32:32.520
So we got a little bit of coverage

805
00:32:32.520 --> 00:32:35.190
in the Bay area here.

806
00:32:35.190 --> 00:32:38.865
So to kind of wrap up and close,

807
00:32:38.865 --> 00:32:42.390
I just wanna share a few final thoughts.

808
00:32:42.390 --> 00:32:43.290
Okay, that's fine.

809
00:32:44.400 --> 00:32:45.513
Sorry, my children.

810
00:32:46.410 --> 00:32:49.110
The first is that climate anxiety and grief

811
00:32:49.110 --> 00:32:50.700
are being experienced by our youth

812
00:32:50.700 --> 00:32:53.070
and not only is this potentially,

813
00:32:53.070 --> 00:32:53.910
a mental health issue,

814
00:32:53.910 --> 00:32:56.100
but it does hamper progress on climate action.

815
00:32:56.100 --> 00:32:57.150
I think we're really looking

816
00:32:57.150 --> 00:32:59.400
to the younger generation to continue

817
00:32:59.400 --> 00:33:02.490
to solve this mess and they're gonna be much

818
00:33:02.490 --> 00:33:04.200
more likely to do that if they feel

819
00:33:04.200 --> 00:33:06.270
like it's possible and they feel

820
00:33:06.270 --> 00:33:08.460
like it's a hopeful situation.

821
00:33:08.460 --> 00:33:10.380
The second thing that I hope you take away

822
00:33:10.380 --> 00:33:11.940
from this is that the ocean

823
00:33:11.940 --> 00:33:13.230
and the life it supports

824
00:33:13.230 --> 00:33:15.060
is a really effective carbon sponge.

825
00:33:15.060 --> 00:33:16.590
We have to think about it that way.

826
00:33:16.590 --> 00:33:18.626
It's one of the many services that the ocean

827
00:33:18.626 --> 00:33:20.790
and marine life provides for us

828
00:33:20.790 --> 00:33:22.540
and it should be protected as such.

829
00:33:23.580 --> 00:33:25.230
The next, my favorite phrase

830
00:33:25.230 --> 00:33:26.670
to decarbonize the atmosphere,

831
00:33:26.670 --> 00:33:28.680
we must recarbonize the biosphere.

832
00:33:28.680 --> 00:33:30.330
We've gotta move that excess carbon

833
00:33:30.330 --> 00:33:32.340
back into living organisms,

834
00:33:32.340 --> 00:33:35.221
increase all these wild animal populations.

835
00:33:35.221 --> 00:33:37.050
And then finally,

836
00:33:37.050 --> 00:33:39.660
blue carbon protection and restoration.

837
00:33:39.660 --> 00:33:41.370
It should be messaged to our youth

838
00:33:41.370 --> 00:33:43.340
as one of many stories of hope

839
00:33:43.340 --> 00:33:44.850
in a changing climate

840
00:33:44.850 --> 00:33:47.223
so that we can hopefully inspire action.

841
00:33:48.288 --> 00:33:50.850
Alright, that is it for me.

842
00:33:50.850 --> 00:33:55.020
Jenny, I will turn it over to you to share

843
00:33:55.020 --> 00:33:56.550
with folks some of the resources

844
00:33:56.550 --> 00:33:58.350
that we've developed.

845
00:33:58.350 --> 00:33:59.700
<v ->Thank you so much, Sara.</v>

846
00:33:59.700 --> 00:34:02.160
It's so awesome to get that overview again.

847
00:34:02.160 --> 00:34:04.470
And for everybody here,

848
00:34:04.470 --> 00:34:06.870
Sara's work was really the backbone

849
00:34:06.870 --> 00:34:10.080
of this toolkit that we're sharing

850
00:34:10.080 --> 00:34:11.070
with you today.

851
00:34:11.070 --> 00:34:12.960
She did some presentations

852
00:34:12.960 --> 00:34:15.077
with our national marine sanctuaries

853
00:34:15.077 --> 00:34:17.047
on the west coast and all of us educators were like,

854
00:34:17.047 --> 00:34:18.660
"We need to be talking about this more,

855
00:34:18.660 --> 00:34:19.740
we need to do more."

856
00:34:19.740 --> 00:34:22.350
And it really became the impetus

857
00:34:22.350 --> 00:34:24.485
for creating a toolkit that we could share

858
00:34:24.485 --> 00:34:27.750
with lots of people that communicate

859
00:34:27.750 --> 00:34:30.360
with broad audiences, not just scientists

860
00:34:30.360 --> 00:34:32.340
and policy makers, but students

861
00:34:32.340 --> 00:34:34.710
and community members and visitors

862
00:34:34.710 --> 00:34:38.460
to parks and aquariums and nature centers

863
00:34:38.460 --> 00:34:41.040
to learn about the carbon cycle

864
00:34:41.040 --> 00:34:44.370
in context of the ocean and how building

865
00:34:44.370 --> 00:34:46.770
on the hope we can help tell these stories

866
00:34:46.770 --> 00:34:49.050
to build some more movement towards action

867
00:34:49.050 --> 00:34:52.170
and feeling a sense of opportunity.

868
00:34:52.170 --> 00:34:54.743
So thank you for that background, Sara.

869
00:34:54.743 --> 00:34:57.090
I will say this is a toolkit

870
00:34:57.090 --> 00:34:59.580
that we put together here on the west coast.

871
00:34:59.580 --> 00:35:01.380
We have five national marine sanctuaries

872
00:35:01.380 --> 00:35:03.180
on the west coast and a lot of blue carbon

873
00:35:03.180 --> 00:35:05.850
because of all that upwelling you learned about.

874
00:35:05.850 --> 00:35:08.100
Olympic Coast up in Washington,

875
00:35:08.100 --> 00:35:10.110
Greater Farallones and Cordell Bank

876
00:35:10.110 --> 00:35:12.870
and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries,

877
00:35:12.870 --> 00:35:15.060
mid California and Channel Islands

878
00:35:15.060 --> 00:35:17.370
National Marine Sanctuary to the south.

879
00:35:17.370 --> 00:35:20.340
And we came together and we did a little bit

880
00:35:20.340 --> 00:35:22.290
of a look to see, well what's out there

881
00:35:22.290 --> 00:35:24.090
about blue carbon right now

882
00:35:24.090 --> 00:35:25.500
that people can draw upon

883
00:35:25.500 --> 00:35:26.910
to start telling these stories?

884
00:35:26.910 --> 00:35:29.160
And we realized there was not that much

885
00:35:29.160 --> 00:35:31.770
and there was not that much that was good

886
00:35:31.770 --> 00:35:34.440
for broad audiences.

887
00:35:34.440 --> 00:35:37.920
So we worked together with people

888
00:35:37.920 --> 00:35:39.840
to help do this gap analysis

889
00:35:39.840 --> 00:35:41.730
and realize we had a lot of opportunity

890
00:35:41.730 --> 00:35:42.600
to fill this gap.

891
00:35:42.600 --> 00:35:44.009
And so this is a start

892
00:35:44.009 --> 00:35:45.570
and we're super looking forward

893
00:35:45.570 --> 00:35:48.870
to hearing feedback and interest

894
00:35:48.870 --> 00:35:50.880
from our partners to find out

895
00:35:50.880 --> 00:35:51.960
what we could do more of.

896
00:35:51.960 --> 00:35:54.060
So hopefully you'll share more with us.

897
00:35:54.060 --> 00:35:55.680
So basics of the toolkit,

898
00:35:55.680 --> 00:35:56.513
we have a couple things.

899
00:35:56.513 --> 00:35:57.720
We have a fact sheet

900
00:35:57.720 --> 00:35:59.250
which is actually a couple sheets,

901
00:35:59.250 --> 00:36:02.730
which are just basically facts that are written

902
00:36:02.730 --> 00:36:05.700
in a way that are understandable to share

903
00:36:05.700 --> 00:36:08.010
with other audiences outside

904
00:36:08.010 --> 00:36:09.690
of the science and policy world.

905
00:36:09.690 --> 00:36:12.120
We have an infographic which makes it a little

906
00:36:12.120 --> 00:36:17.120
bit more visual as well as some illustrations

907
00:36:17.130 --> 00:36:17.963
that go with that.

908
00:36:17.963 --> 00:36:18.796
And I'll show you those in a second.

909
00:36:18.796 --> 00:36:20.490
And we have a lesson plan

910
00:36:20.490 --> 00:36:21.960
that's really geared towards high school

911
00:36:21.960 --> 00:36:22.980
because that's where it lands

912
00:36:22.980 --> 00:36:24.690
with the next generation science standards,

913
00:36:24.690 --> 00:36:27.510
but absolutely can be tailored with the resources

914
00:36:27.510 --> 00:36:30.120
in it for younger audiences.

915
00:36:30.120 --> 00:36:31.980
In addition to our toolkit,

916
00:36:31.980 --> 00:36:33.660
there are some former webinars

917
00:36:33.660 --> 00:36:36.120
that Sara has created and presented before

918
00:36:36.120 --> 00:36:38.970
that are on the National Marine Sanctuary website

919
00:36:38.970 --> 00:36:42.510
and learning about the sea floor and the seabed,

920
00:36:42.510 --> 00:36:44.010
the whale fall communities.

921
00:36:44.010 --> 00:36:46.680
We have some really beautiful illustrations

922
00:36:46.680 --> 00:36:48.836
and videos on our website that include

923
00:36:48.836 --> 00:36:50.940
that are fun for students to explore

924
00:36:50.940 --> 00:36:53.100
and see decomposition and and how that adds

925
00:36:53.100 --> 00:36:57.900
to our carbon stuff, carbon layer on the seabed.

926
00:36:57.900 --> 00:36:59.500
Go ahead to the next slide Sara.

927
00:37:01.500 --> 00:37:04.564
So in terms of how this is grounded,

928
00:37:04.564 --> 00:37:06.480
talking about blue carbon, we can talk

929
00:37:06.480 --> 00:37:08.520
about ocean and climate literacy

930
00:37:08.520 --> 00:37:10.140
at the same time.

931
00:37:10.140 --> 00:37:12.750
These are concepts that we have worked

932
00:37:12.750 --> 00:37:16.026
on globally to identify that we want all people

933
00:37:16.026 --> 00:37:20.370
to understand about the value of a healthy ocean

934
00:37:20.370 --> 00:37:22.890
and how the climate is part of our lives.

935
00:37:22.890 --> 00:37:25.050
These are two documents that are online

936
00:37:25.050 --> 00:37:26.700
with principles and concepts

937
00:37:26.700 --> 00:37:30.030
that are the essential things we want people

938
00:37:30.030 --> 00:37:32.310
to know about, to make good decisions

939
00:37:32.310 --> 00:37:34.260
to help sustain our planet.

940
00:37:34.260 --> 00:37:36.030
And so when we talk about blue carbon,

941
00:37:36.030 --> 00:37:38.700
we're bringing together both ocean literacy

942
00:37:38.700 --> 00:37:40.620
and climate literacy.

943
00:37:40.620 --> 00:37:42.240
And I just listed the ones here

944
00:37:42.240 --> 00:37:44.100
that really stood out to me that tied along

945
00:37:44.100 --> 00:37:45.780
with blue carbon.

946
00:37:45.780 --> 00:37:46.713
Next slide.

947
00:37:49.830 --> 00:37:51.893
In terms of the next generation science standards,

948
00:37:51.893 --> 00:37:53.880
a lot of states have adopted these,

949
00:37:53.880 --> 00:37:55.080
but not all states have.

950
00:37:55.080 --> 00:37:57.101
But talking about the carbon cycle

951
00:37:57.101 --> 00:37:59.460
really can hit all the different grades

952
00:37:59.460 --> 00:38:01.530
between grades three through five,

953
00:38:01.530 --> 00:38:03.540
grades six through eight and nine through 12,

954
00:38:03.540 --> 00:38:05.850
kind of scaffolding higher order thinking

955
00:38:05.850 --> 00:38:07.710
about the carbon cycle.

956
00:38:07.710 --> 00:38:10.110
But you can start as low as grades three

957
00:38:10.110 --> 00:38:11.880
through five and building the concepts

958
00:38:11.880 --> 00:38:15.510
about the decomposers and how they become part

959
00:38:15.510 --> 00:38:16.830
of the environment and laying

960
00:38:16.830 --> 00:38:18.180
down carbon on the seabed

961
00:38:18.180 --> 00:38:20.370
such as that whale fall illustration there.

962
00:38:20.370 --> 00:38:22.803
And so it ties really well with standards

963
00:38:22.803 --> 00:38:25.590
that are talking about the carbon cycle

964
00:38:25.590 --> 00:38:28.170
and going a little deeper into the ocean.

965
00:38:28.170 --> 00:38:29.003
Next slide.

966
00:38:31.050 --> 00:38:32.130
So just a a little

967
00:38:32.130 --> 00:38:33.240
bit of background on each of these.

968
00:38:33.240 --> 00:38:34.770
So the fact sheet.

969
00:38:34.770 --> 00:38:36.420
I think Claire's gonna put a link in here

970
00:38:36.420 --> 00:38:38.100
if not yet, but the fact sheet,

971
00:38:38.100 --> 00:38:41.850
we have definitions that are used over

972
00:38:41.850 --> 00:38:43.470
and over again and some of them sound kind

973
00:38:43.470 --> 00:38:45.600
of duplicates like sequestration

974
00:38:45.600 --> 00:38:49.140
and storage and sink and reservoir.

975
00:38:49.140 --> 00:38:51.720
And so we spend a lot of time

976
00:38:51.720 --> 00:38:54.210
on these definitions and all of these tools

977
00:38:54.210 --> 00:38:56.130
have been vetted through Sara

978
00:38:56.130 --> 00:38:58.830
and another person, Zac at our office

979
00:38:58.830 --> 00:38:59.663
of National Marine Sanctuary

980
00:38:59.663 --> 00:39:01.350
is a climate scientist there too.

981
00:39:01.350 --> 00:39:02.580
So we could really hone in

982
00:39:02.580 --> 00:39:04.680
and make sure these were accurate

983
00:39:04.680 --> 00:39:07.770
and different from each other.

984
00:39:07.770 --> 00:39:09.570
So we have on our fact sheet a list

985
00:39:09.570 --> 00:39:13.770
of definitions that explain what these terms are.

986
00:39:13.770 --> 00:39:14.870
All right, next slide.

987
00:39:17.400 --> 00:39:19.737
So the fact sheet is broken down into themes

988
00:39:19.737 --> 00:39:22.260
and these themes were pulled out

989
00:39:22.260 --> 00:39:25.170
of those reports Sara was talking about in terms

990
00:39:25.170 --> 00:39:27.720
of the different ways blue carbon is part

991
00:39:27.720 --> 00:39:30.300
of the coast and oceanic environment.

992
00:39:30.300 --> 00:39:32.250
And so we have four main themes

993
00:39:32.250 --> 00:39:35.220
with lots of messages underneath each one.

994
00:39:35.220 --> 00:39:37.650
The first one is what is blue carbon?

995
00:39:37.650 --> 00:39:39.660
The term for carbon captured and stored

996
00:39:39.660 --> 00:39:43.710
from the world's ocean and coastal ecosystems.

997
00:39:43.710 --> 00:39:46.500
The second theme, blue carbon ecosystems

998
00:39:46.500 --> 00:39:48.294
help mitigate climate change and examples

999
00:39:48.294 --> 00:39:50.520
of how it does that.

1000
00:39:50.520 --> 00:39:52.950
The third one is about specific species

1001
00:39:52.950 --> 00:39:55.020
that play critical roles

1002
00:39:55.020 --> 00:39:56.460
in blue carbon ecosystems.

1003
00:39:56.460 --> 00:39:59.310
So facts about seagrasses and salt marshes,

1004
00:39:59.310 --> 00:40:02.850
whales, phytoplankton and kelp and fish.

1005
00:40:02.850 --> 00:40:03.990
And then the last one is

1006
00:40:03.990 --> 00:40:05.670
how Marine Protected Areas

1007
00:40:05.670 --> 00:40:07.260
like national marine sanctuaries

1008
00:40:07.260 --> 00:40:10.860
help preserve blue carbon habitats and processes.

1009
00:40:10.860 --> 00:40:15.000
So each of these are couple pages of facts

1010
00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:17.381
that are brought down to a level of language

1011
00:40:17.381 --> 00:40:21.210
that is accessible to many broad audiences.

1012
00:40:21.210 --> 00:40:22.473
Next slide.

1013
00:40:23.944 --> 00:40:26.940
So the other product we created is an infographic

1014
00:40:26.940 --> 00:40:28.680
and it's two pages.

1015
00:40:28.680 --> 00:40:30.090
And this helps bring some of this

1016
00:40:30.090 --> 00:40:31.740
to be a bit more visual.

1017
00:40:31.740 --> 00:40:33.750
And if you live near one

1018
00:40:33.750 --> 00:40:35.880
of the sanctuary offices in California,

1019
00:40:35.880 --> 00:40:38.460
we actually have printed copies

1020
00:40:38.460 --> 00:40:40.140
of this infographic.

1021
00:40:40.140 --> 00:40:41.310
So you just have to connect with one

1022
00:40:41.310 --> 00:40:43.140
of your sanctuary visitor centers

1023
00:40:43.140 --> 00:40:45.270
or sanctuary staff to get one of those.

1024
00:40:45.270 --> 00:40:48.480
But it's also online to download and to print.

1025
00:40:48.480 --> 00:40:49.470
And so this we brought

1026
00:40:49.470 --> 00:40:51.180
together the oceanic processes

1027
00:40:51.180 --> 00:40:54.092
and the coastal processes into one infographic.

1028
00:40:54.092 --> 00:40:56.283
And the next slide.

1029
00:40:58.625 --> 00:41:01.131
Oh yeah, oh yeah.

1030
00:41:01.131 --> 00:41:01.964
Before we go to the next slide,

1031
00:41:01.964 --> 00:41:02.797
it's all about the poop.

1032
00:41:02.797 --> 00:41:04.800
So that's quite a hook for a lot of students

1033
00:41:04.800 --> 00:41:07.350
in terms of talking about the carbon cycle

1034
00:41:07.350 --> 00:41:08.900
and there's a lot of poop emojis

1035
00:41:08.900 --> 00:41:10.345
on this infographic.

1036
00:41:10.345 --> 00:41:12.900
That was the first thing when I showed my son,

1037
00:41:12.900 --> 00:41:13.830
I'm like, "What do you see here?"

1038
00:41:13.830 --> 00:41:15.840
He said, "There's a lot of poop."

1039
00:41:15.840 --> 00:41:16.673
Next slide.

1040
00:41:19.170 --> 00:41:21.630
So on the backside of our infographic are each

1041
00:41:21.630 --> 00:41:24.330
of these icons with definitions to explain

1042
00:41:24.330 --> 00:41:26.280
what is going on here.

1043
00:41:26.280 --> 00:41:30.270
And so it talks about how that carbon that gets

1044
00:41:30.270 --> 00:41:31.860
to the sea floor, how it gets there,

1045
00:41:31.860 --> 00:41:34.410
talks about how whales migrate

1046
00:41:34.410 --> 00:41:36.090
and where they're eating in some areas

1047
00:41:36.090 --> 00:41:38.040
and other areas eating less

1048
00:41:38.040 --> 00:41:40.080
and also food moving up and down

1049
00:41:40.080 --> 00:41:41.820
in the water column and everything

1050
00:41:41.820 --> 00:41:42.720
that eats, poops.

1051
00:41:42.720 --> 00:41:44.343
So poop is part of the story.

1052
00:41:45.240 --> 00:41:47.790
And then it also talks about at the very top

1053
00:41:47.790 --> 00:41:49.800
how our marine protected areas

1054
00:41:49.800 --> 00:41:52.200
can help preserve these blue carbon processes

1055
00:41:52.200 --> 00:41:54.570
to help sustain our ocean life

1056
00:41:54.570 --> 00:41:56.013
and mitigate climate change.

1057
00:41:57.283 --> 00:41:58.200
Next slide.

1058
00:42:00.150 --> 00:42:01.597
The last tool is a lesson plan

1059
00:42:01.597 --> 00:42:06.000
and it's geared towards grades nine through 12

1060
00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:07.710
and it's a performance task

1061
00:42:07.710 --> 00:42:09.240
that introduces the role

1062
00:42:09.240 --> 00:42:11.580
of coastal and ocean habitats and species

1063
00:42:11.580 --> 00:42:13.020
as essential components

1064
00:42:13.020 --> 00:42:14.880
of a healthy carbon cycle.

1065
00:42:14.880 --> 00:42:17.550
And so students are able to review six

1066
00:42:17.550 --> 00:42:21.660
or seven different resources that we scoured

1067
00:42:21.660 --> 00:42:23.280
and vetted to make sure

1068
00:42:23.280 --> 00:42:25.170
they were telling the concepts and in a way

1069
00:42:25.170 --> 00:42:27.600
that they could learn from and understand.

1070
00:42:27.600 --> 00:42:30.030
They learn those, they have some guided questions

1071
00:42:30.030 --> 00:42:33.033
and a vocabulary organizer to help pull

1072
00:42:33.033 --> 00:42:34.800
out the essential information

1073
00:42:34.800 --> 00:42:36.750
from each of these resources.

1074
00:42:36.750 --> 00:42:38.850
And then they're asked to create a final product

1075
00:42:38.850 --> 00:42:40.860
that demonstrates their knowledge,

1076
00:42:40.860 --> 00:42:43.440
that uses evidence from each of these resources

1077
00:42:43.440 --> 00:42:46.020
to support a claim about blue carbon.

1078
00:42:46.020 --> 00:42:48.570
And there's an assessment rubric to go with it.

1079
00:42:48.570 --> 00:42:51.030
So there's different sources.

1080
00:42:51.030 --> 00:42:53.310
We have data, there's the infographic,

1081
00:42:53.310 --> 00:42:55.730
there's a video with storytelling,

1082
00:42:55.730 --> 00:42:57.240
there's a web article.

1083
00:42:57.240 --> 00:42:59.310
So there's different ways they can learn

1084
00:42:59.310 --> 00:43:00.600
about blue carbon

1085
00:43:00.600 --> 00:43:03.270
and then they can pro create their final product

1086
00:43:03.270 --> 00:43:04.860
in a way that works for them.

1087
00:43:04.860 --> 00:43:07.920
It could be PowerPoint slide or written or an act

1088
00:43:07.920 --> 00:43:09.720
or a song or something like that.

1089
00:43:09.720 --> 00:43:11.280
It provides a lot of differentiation

1090
00:43:11.280 --> 00:43:14.400
for bringing together that information.

1091
00:43:14.400 --> 00:43:15.233
Next slide.

1092
00:43:18.780 --> 00:43:20.460
I just wanted to thank all the people

1093
00:43:20.460 --> 00:43:21.660
that worked together on this.

1094
00:43:21.660 --> 00:43:23.340
These are a lot of my colleagues here

1095
00:43:23.340 --> 00:43:24.330
on the west coast.

1096
00:43:24.330 --> 00:43:27.840
We also had an AmeriCorps environmental educator

1097
00:43:27.840 --> 00:43:30.210
help tremendously in doing a lot

1098
00:43:30.210 --> 00:43:31.440
of background research and doing

1099
00:43:31.440 --> 00:43:33.030
that gap analysis.

1100
00:43:33.030 --> 00:43:34.530
And we also had a NOAA teacher

1101
00:43:34.530 --> 00:43:36.780
at Sea Alum, Denise Harrington,

1102
00:43:36.780 --> 00:43:39.360
that helped write the performance task

1103
00:43:39.360 --> 00:43:40.350
and the messages.

1104
00:43:40.350 --> 00:43:42.870
And it was an incredible team.

1105
00:43:42.870 --> 00:43:45.300
A lot of reviews from our science people,

1106
00:43:45.300 --> 00:43:47.340
Sara and Zac, that really helped

1107
00:43:47.340 --> 00:43:49.680
make this a strong and accurate product

1108
00:43:49.680 --> 00:43:51.660
that is helping to tell the story

1109
00:43:51.660 --> 00:43:53.610
about blue carbon.

1110
00:43:53.610 --> 00:43:55.770
And I've been using it already

1111
00:43:55.770 --> 00:43:57.300
in a lot of the work that I've been doing

1112
00:43:57.300 --> 00:43:58.560
and pulling up that fact sheet

1113
00:43:58.560 --> 00:44:01.134
and finding relevant messages to help propagate

1114
00:44:01.134 --> 00:44:04.122
in other tools that we're doing.

1115
00:44:04.122 --> 00:44:05.223
Next slide.

1116
00:44:07.860 --> 00:44:11.850
And that is the end of our overall overview

1117
00:44:11.850 --> 00:44:14.130
of blue carbon, some science

1118
00:44:14.130 --> 00:44:15.900
and our toolkit.

1119
00:44:15.900 --> 00:44:18.813
And I think we have some time for questions.

1120
00:44:19.950 --> 00:44:21.660
<v ->Absolutely.</v>

1121
00:44:21.660 --> 00:44:22.890
Thank you so much.

1122
00:44:22.890 --> 00:44:25.770
Sara and Jenny are both dynamic presenters

1123
00:44:25.770 --> 00:44:28.980
and there's been a lot of great comments

1124
00:44:28.980 --> 00:44:30.603
coming in and questions.

1125
00:44:31.500 --> 00:44:33.115
If you haven't already put in your question

1126
00:44:33.115 --> 00:44:35.790
to the control panel, please do that.

1127
00:44:35.790 --> 00:44:37.890
But we're gonna kick it off.

1128
00:44:37.890 --> 00:44:40.410
We probably have eight or so minutes

1129
00:44:40.410 --> 00:44:41.880
for questions here.

1130
00:44:41.880 --> 00:44:43.860
If there's any remaining questions,

1131
00:44:43.860 --> 00:44:46.710
if you ladies don't mind me sending those questions

1132
00:44:46.710 --> 00:44:48.750
to you to follow up

1133
00:44:48.750 --> 00:44:49.920
and then we can send responses

1134
00:44:49.920 --> 00:44:51.600
over email that would be great

1135
00:44:51.600 --> 00:44:53.100
if you have the time for that.

1136
00:44:55.110 --> 00:44:55.943
Okay.

1137
00:44:55.943 --> 00:44:59.190
So was the whale carbon per year

1138
00:44:59.190 --> 00:45:02.490
in the marine protected area or for the globe?

1139
00:45:02.490 --> 00:45:04.540
So going back to your presentation, Sara.

1140
00:45:06.630 --> 00:45:08.460
<v ->Yeah, that's a great question.</v>

1141
00:45:08.460 --> 00:45:11.700
For kind of the place-based things

1142
00:45:11.700 --> 00:45:14.910
that don't move right like kelp and seagrass,

1143
00:45:14.910 --> 00:45:18.180
we were able to really define the boundaries

1144
00:45:18.180 --> 00:45:20.730
of our sanctuary so that the number we got

1145
00:45:20.730 --> 00:45:21.990
was directly related

1146
00:45:21.990 --> 00:45:24.720
to our particular protected area.

1147
00:45:24.720 --> 00:45:26.280
Whales, obviously they don't care

1148
00:45:26.280 --> 00:45:27.510
about our boundaries.

1149
00:45:27.510 --> 00:45:30.480
They have huge areas they may feed

1150
00:45:30.480 --> 00:45:32.280
up here along the entire west coast,

1151
00:45:32.280 --> 00:45:34.774
but then they go somewhere else to breed.

1152
00:45:34.774 --> 00:45:39.431
So it wasn't really possible to define

1153
00:45:39.431 --> 00:45:42.420
how many whale falls, for example, are occurring

1154
00:45:42.420 --> 00:45:43.860
within our sanctuary boundaries.

1155
00:45:43.860 --> 00:45:45.450
So what we did is we just looked

1156
00:45:45.450 --> 00:45:48.540
at the most accurate population estimates

1157
00:45:48.540 --> 00:45:52.170
that we could get that we got from NOAA fisheries.

1158
00:45:52.170 --> 00:45:53.880
For four of the whale species,

1159
00:45:53.880 --> 00:45:56.220
it was essentially the California, Oregon,

1160
00:45:56.220 --> 00:45:59.280
Washington kind of, I probably don't

1161
00:45:59.280 --> 00:46:02.430
get the terminology right, subpopulation.

1162
00:46:02.430 --> 00:46:04.080
And for one of the species,

1163
00:46:04.080 --> 00:46:06.030
it was the entire Eastern North Pacific.

1164
00:46:06.030 --> 00:46:09.450
So the numbers that we showed are kind

1165
00:46:09.450 --> 00:46:12.390
of representative of those populations

1166
00:46:12.390 --> 00:46:14.160
and those whales clearly don't stay

1167
00:46:14.160 --> 00:46:16.920
inside like our sanctuary boundaries.

1168
00:46:16.920 --> 00:46:19.290
So I hope that answers that question.

1169
00:46:19.290 --> 00:46:20.123
<v ->Okay.</v>

1170
00:46:21.270 --> 00:46:23.220
Here's a curious question.

1171
00:46:23.220 --> 00:46:27.210
Do beached whales have the opposite effect

1172
00:46:27.210 --> 00:46:29.313
and emit carbon somehow?

1173
00:46:30.930 --> 00:46:32.550
<v ->Yeah, so that's kind</v>

1174
00:46:32.550 --> 00:46:36.870
of why the ocean is more effective

1175
00:46:36.870 --> 00:46:40.740
when it comes to living things contributing

1176
00:46:40.740 --> 00:46:44.520
to carbon sequestration because there is an avenue

1177
00:46:44.520 --> 00:46:47.010
for that carbon to get somewhere

1178
00:46:47.010 --> 00:46:48.810
where it will be locked up.

1179
00:46:48.810 --> 00:46:50.940
If you have kelp rack,

1180
00:46:50.940 --> 00:46:52.500
so a lot of kelp gets torn off

1181
00:46:52.500 --> 00:46:53.640
and it washes up on the beach.

1182
00:46:53.640 --> 00:46:57.210
If you have a whale that beaches and it dies,

1183
00:46:57.210 --> 00:46:59.687
sometimes whales are towed out to sea

1184
00:46:59.687 --> 00:47:02.670
'cause municipalities dunno what to do with them.

1185
00:47:02.670 --> 00:47:04.221
But if it decomposes on the beach,

1186
00:47:04.221 --> 00:47:06.630
if kelp rack decomposes on the beach,

1187
00:47:06.630 --> 00:47:08.880
that is re-releasing all of that carbon

1188
00:47:08.880 --> 00:47:10.410
back into the atmosphere.

1189
00:47:10.410 --> 00:47:14.520
So yeah, it's got to get down into the ocean

1190
00:47:14.520 --> 00:47:16.893
for it to store carbon long term.

1191
00:47:19.710 --> 00:47:20.703
<v ->Excellent.</v>

1192
00:47:21.595 --> 00:47:25.230
Another question here.

1193
00:47:25.230 --> 00:47:27.300
Okay, so there's a big difference

1194
00:47:27.300 --> 00:47:31.680
between carbon export and carbon sequestration.

1195
00:47:31.680 --> 00:47:35.970
What's the residence time of carbon

1196
00:47:35.970 --> 00:47:37.803
in kelp or whales?

1197
00:47:39.300 --> 00:47:43.109
<v ->Yeah, so when it's kind of temporarily stored</v>

1198
00:47:43.109 --> 00:47:45.750
in kelp, it depends on

1199
00:47:45.750 --> 00:47:48.540
if it's an annual species or not.

1200
00:47:48.540 --> 00:47:50.880
So the kelp that we measured and talk

1201
00:47:50.880 --> 00:47:53.160
about in our area is bull kelp.

1202
00:47:53.160 --> 00:47:54.960
And that is an annual species.

1203
00:47:54.960 --> 00:47:57.450
So when that carbon is fixed

1204
00:47:57.450 --> 00:47:59.310
and stored in the tissues of the kelp,

1205
00:47:59.310 --> 00:48:01.740
it's gonna be for less than a year.

1206
00:48:01.740 --> 00:48:03.870
And after that something's gonna happen

1207
00:48:03.870 --> 00:48:04.703
to that carbon.

1208
00:48:04.703 --> 00:48:06.540
It's either gonna be consumed,

1209
00:48:06.540 --> 00:48:09.150
it's gonna be torn off during a storm

1210
00:48:09.150 --> 00:48:11.010
and either deposited on the beach

1211
00:48:11.010 --> 00:48:13.440
where it decomposes or some of it will drift

1212
00:48:13.440 --> 00:48:14.880
out into the ocean.

1213
00:48:14.880 --> 00:48:16.171
Some of that will decompose

1214
00:48:16.171 --> 00:48:18.060
and some of that will sink.

1215
00:48:18.060 --> 00:48:20.070
So there's kind of a lot of pathways,

1216
00:48:20.070 --> 00:48:21.990
but the residence time within the kelp

1217
00:48:21.990 --> 00:48:25.380
if it's alive would be a year or less

1218
00:48:25.380 --> 00:48:27.120
'cause it's an annual species.

1219
00:48:27.120 --> 00:48:28.820
When you're talking about a whale,

1220
00:48:30.180 --> 00:48:34.740
some people actually talk about whale carbon,

1221
00:48:34.740 --> 00:48:36.390
even the temporary storage,

1222
00:48:36.390 --> 00:48:37.440
whales are long lived,

1223
00:48:37.440 --> 00:48:38.790
temporary storage could be

1224
00:48:38.790 --> 00:48:40.920
for a hundred years or more.

1225
00:48:40.920 --> 00:48:44.220
So very different there in that temporary storage

1226
00:48:44.220 --> 00:48:45.790
within a whale can actually

1227
00:48:47.010 --> 00:48:49.530
have mitigation relevance

1228
00:48:49.530 --> 00:48:51.900
when we're talking about like what we need

1229
00:48:51.900 --> 00:48:56.100
to do to lower CO2 levels in the atmosphere.

1230
00:48:56.100 --> 00:48:57.990
Even temporary storage within whales

1231
00:48:57.990 --> 00:49:00.513
is somewhat relevant to that discussion.

1232
00:49:03.340 --> 00:49:04.173
<v ->Okay.</v>

1233
00:49:04.173 --> 00:49:06.750
And there's also, for those that have been typing

1234
00:49:06.750 --> 00:49:07.680
in questions of like

1235
00:49:07.680 --> 00:49:09.720
where do I get the fact sheets and the content?

1236
00:49:09.720 --> 00:49:11.910
So I have been putting all the links

1237
00:49:11.910 --> 00:49:14.910
into the control panel on GoToWebinar.

1238
00:49:14.910 --> 00:49:18.240
So if you haven't opened that question

1239
00:49:18.240 --> 00:49:19.800
or chat section on your panel,

1240
00:49:19.800 --> 00:49:20.880
that's where all the links are.

1241
00:49:20.880 --> 00:49:23.460
So you can quickly open that

1242
00:49:23.460 --> 00:49:26.880
in a web browser and save it.

1243
00:49:26.880 --> 00:49:29.154
Otherwise sanctuaries.noaa.gov

1244
00:49:29.154 --> 00:49:33.210
or just like search NOAA blue carbon,

1245
00:49:33.210 --> 00:49:34.440
but you should, I mean all the links

1246
00:49:34.440 --> 00:49:37.581
are in there, but there's other ways to find it.

1247
00:49:37.581 --> 00:49:40.530
Another question here.
<v ->Can I add one thing?</v>

1248
00:49:40.530 --> 00:49:41.700
<v ->Yeah.</v>
<v ->Sara was just talking</v>

1249
00:49:41.700 --> 00:49:44.670
about timescales and I just put in the chat.

1250
00:49:44.670 --> 00:49:46.110
The California Academy of Sciences

1251
00:49:46.110 --> 00:49:48.750
has a really great carbon cycle role play game

1252
00:49:48.750 --> 00:49:51.330
that I have done with teachers and students

1253
00:49:51.330 --> 00:49:53.520
and it's a very active game

1254
00:49:53.520 --> 00:49:55.800
where you actually walk through the carbon cycle

1255
00:49:55.800 --> 00:49:58.230
and it even introduces when we pull

1256
00:49:58.230 --> 00:50:02.040
out fossil fuels out of long-term storage,

1257
00:50:02.040 --> 00:50:04.080
what happens to the other areas.

1258
00:50:04.080 --> 00:50:07.080
And it's really, really effective way

1259
00:50:07.080 --> 00:50:10.410
to model the carbon cycle in the short timescales

1260
00:50:10.410 --> 00:50:12.568
and the long time scales.

1261
00:50:12.568 --> 00:50:14.850
I put that in the chat to check out.

1262
00:50:14.850 --> 00:50:16.080
I wish we could put in our toolkit

1263
00:50:16.080 --> 00:50:16.913
but we don't own it.

1264
00:50:16.913 --> 00:50:18.430
So I'm sharing it with you here.

1265
00:50:19.483 --> 00:50:21.960
<v ->Yeah, I'm gonna check that out, Jenny.</v>

1266
00:50:21.960 --> 00:50:23.220
That sounds awesome.

1267
00:50:23.220 --> 00:50:24.470
<v ->Yeah, it's really cool.</v>

1268
00:50:27.000 --> 00:50:29.580
<v ->Let's see another question.</v>

1269
00:50:29.580 --> 00:50:31.443
There's a few here.

1270
00:50:32.880 --> 00:50:34.563
Where did you go, question?

1271
00:50:37.560 --> 00:50:40.500
Okay, I'm not sure that's a good one.

1272
00:50:40.500 --> 00:50:41.493
Let's see.

1273
00:50:42.870 --> 00:50:44.670
You are all putting in lots of great questions,

1274
00:50:44.670 --> 00:50:45.750
so thank you for that.

1275
00:50:45.750 --> 00:50:46.583
Oh, here it is.

1276
00:50:46.583 --> 00:50:47.416
Okay.

1277
00:50:47.416 --> 00:50:48.249
Should I be concerned

1278
00:50:48.249 --> 00:50:50.700
about natural upwelling events

1279
00:50:50.700 --> 00:50:53.910
that bring carbon up from the depths?

1280
00:50:53.910 --> 00:50:55.560
Are there some areas of the ocean

1281
00:50:55.560 --> 00:50:58.080
where upwelling occurs more often?

1282
00:50:58.080 --> 00:50:59.370
I'm concerned about the duration

1283
00:50:59.370 --> 00:51:01.053
of blue carbon sequestration.

1284
00:51:02.340 --> 00:51:03.630
<v ->Okay.</v>

1285
00:51:03.630 --> 00:51:07.053
Yeah, that's a really fantastic question.

1286
00:51:08.352 --> 00:51:10.882
Okay, so there's a few pieces.

1287
00:51:10.882 --> 00:51:13.590
One, yes, there are certain areas

1288
00:51:13.590 --> 00:51:18.333
where upwelling is more of a predominant process.

1289
00:51:20.040 --> 00:51:21.780
Jenny, is it like the west coast

1290
00:51:21.780 --> 00:51:23.872
of most continents?

1291
00:51:23.872 --> 00:51:26.340
I think the whole west coast of the Americas,

1292
00:51:26.340 --> 00:51:28.620
there's a lot of upwelling and I'm not sure

1293
00:51:28.620 --> 00:51:30.090
about other areas in the world.

1294
00:51:30.090 --> 00:51:31.472
I don't know if you do Jenny.

1295
00:51:31.472 --> 00:51:32.305
<v ->But eastern boundary currents.</v>

1296
00:51:32.305 --> 00:51:34.819
Yeah, around the globe.
<v ->Thank you.</v>

1297
00:51:34.819 --> 00:51:35.970
<v ->I don't have the map in front of me,</v>

1298
00:51:35.970 --> 00:51:39.000
but there are like five eastern boundary.

1299
00:51:39.000 --> 00:51:40.320
<v ->Okay, thank you.</v>
<v ->There's really strong</v>

1300
00:51:40.320 --> 00:51:41.849
upwelling like South Africa.

1301
00:51:41.849 --> 00:51:43.350
<v ->Yes.</v>

1302
00:51:43.350 --> 00:51:44.400
Yeah, yeah.

1303
00:51:44.400 --> 00:51:46.050
So there are and it has to do with,

1304
00:51:46.050 --> 00:51:49.650
yeah, the currents, the underwater topography.

1305
00:51:49.650 --> 00:51:52.604
We are an upwelling epicenter.

1306
00:51:52.604 --> 00:51:54.694
Typically people are concerned

1307
00:51:54.694 --> 00:51:57.780
with upwelling bringing really

1308
00:51:57.780 --> 00:52:02.490
low dissolved oxygen to the surface waters.

1309
00:52:02.490 --> 00:52:05.820
And that can kind of exacerbate some issues

1310
00:52:05.820 --> 00:52:09.393
with ocean acidification and low oxygen levels.

1311
00:52:11.400 --> 00:52:14.260
The impact that upwelling could have

1312
00:52:15.120 --> 00:52:20.120
on carbon is not something I've really seen much

1313
00:52:20.160 --> 00:52:22.678
about and it's something I've kind of been

1314
00:52:22.678 --> 00:52:24.930
on the side a little curious about.

1315
00:52:24.930 --> 00:52:28.020
So I don't have a good answer for you on that

1316
00:52:28.020 --> 00:52:30.420
beyond the fact that I've not heard

1317
00:52:30.420 --> 00:52:31.253
anything about it.

1318
00:52:31.253 --> 00:52:33.630
And actually there was recently a publication

1319
00:52:33.630 --> 00:52:37.290
from a colleague who used to be at Scripps

1320
00:52:37.290 --> 00:52:38.670
and I think is at Woods Hole now,

1321
00:52:38.670 --> 00:52:40.110
his name is Tom Bell,

1322
00:52:40.110 --> 00:52:43.560
where he looked at the residence time

1323
00:52:43.560 --> 00:52:47.400
of carbon, dissolved carbon in the water

1324
00:52:47.400 --> 00:52:50.040
and carbon material based

1325
00:52:50.040 --> 00:52:52.170
on different ocean basins.

1326
00:52:52.170 --> 00:52:54.270
And actually our ocean basin

1327
00:52:54.270 --> 00:52:57.450
had a longer residence time,

1328
00:52:57.450 --> 00:53:00.840
meaning the carbon didn't have to get as deep

1329
00:53:00.840 --> 00:53:03.360
to stay down quite as long as compared

1330
00:53:03.360 --> 00:53:05.466
to like the Atlantic Ocean basin.

1331
00:53:05.466 --> 00:53:07.830
There's a lot going on with those types

1332
00:53:07.830 --> 00:53:09.630
of estimates and I don't have a super

1333
00:53:09.630 --> 00:53:11.250
good handle on it.

1334
00:53:11.250 --> 00:53:13.530
But kind of the rule of thumb for us

1335
00:53:13.530 --> 00:53:15.120
and what we've been advised

1336
00:53:15.120 --> 00:53:17.130
by our scientific experts is that anything

1337
00:53:17.130 --> 00:53:20.400
below about a thousand meters is gonna stay

1338
00:53:20.400 --> 00:53:22.530
out of the carbon cycle on timescales

1339
00:53:22.530 --> 00:53:24.513
that are important to us right now.

1340
00:53:31.620 --> 00:53:32.880
<v ->Okay, awesome.</v>

1341
00:53:32.880 --> 00:53:36.450
Thank you for addressing that question.

1342
00:53:36.450 --> 00:53:38.070
We just have enough time to go

1343
00:53:38.070 --> 00:53:40.020
through some closing slides,

1344
00:53:40.020 --> 00:53:44.250
which I also wanted to bring attention

1345
00:53:44.250 --> 00:53:47.250
to a youth-based program where we talk

1346
00:53:47.250 --> 00:53:49.080
about ocean and climate literacy.

1347
00:53:49.080 --> 00:53:51.840
And blue carbon is a topic

1348
00:53:51.840 --> 00:53:53.400
that we can address there.

1349
00:53:53.400 --> 00:53:55.560
It's called the NOAA Ocean Guardian Youth

1350
00:53:55.560 --> 00:53:57.630
Ambassador Program.

1351
00:53:57.630 --> 00:54:01.800
I've just put the link into the chat

1352
00:54:01.800 --> 00:54:03.192
for any of you that are interested,

1353
00:54:03.192 --> 00:54:06.210
but it's for students ages 13 to 18

1354
00:54:06.210 --> 00:54:08.250
that are interested in ocean conservation

1355
00:54:08.250 --> 00:54:11.850
and stewardship that want to learn more.

1356
00:54:11.850 --> 00:54:15.480
And these students, we have about 250

1357
00:54:15.480 --> 00:54:18.060
around the country of the United States

1358
00:54:18.060 --> 00:54:19.890
and our US territories,

1359
00:54:19.890 --> 00:54:22.140
and we're really trying to inspire momentum

1360
00:54:22.140 --> 00:54:24.680
for a healthy ocean with this next generation

1361
00:54:24.680 --> 00:54:26.670
of youth who will eventually

1362
00:54:26.670 --> 00:54:28.530
be our future leaders.

1363
00:54:28.530 --> 00:54:31.877
And they learn to become leaders

1364
00:54:33.720 --> 00:54:35.040
in their, I mean, they learn

1365
00:54:35.040 --> 00:54:35.873
about all these things.

1366
00:54:35.873 --> 00:54:37.984
Ocean climate literacy, sanctuaries, MPAs,

1367
00:54:37.984 --> 00:54:41.070
environmental problems, solutions and hope.

1368
00:54:41.070 --> 00:54:42.480
They learn a bunch of different skills

1369
00:54:42.480 --> 00:54:44.610
as you can see there.

1370
00:54:44.610 --> 00:54:46.260
And ultimately we're hoping

1371
00:54:46.260 --> 00:54:48.880
that they become a change maker or a leader

1372
00:54:48.880 --> 00:54:51.870
in their school or their local community.

1373
00:54:51.870 --> 00:54:53.945
So if that program interests you,

1374
00:54:53.945 --> 00:54:55.020
there's a link.

1375
00:54:55.020 --> 00:54:56.220
The application will open

1376
00:54:56.220 --> 00:54:58.830
in November of this year for cohort three.

1377
00:54:58.830 --> 00:55:00.330
And then I just wanted to tie back

1378
00:55:00.330 --> 00:55:03.723
to the climate anxiety element, right?

1379
00:55:04.680 --> 00:55:05.910
There is some interest, Sara,

1380
00:55:05.910 --> 00:55:09.510
in getting references to the studies

1381
00:55:09.510 --> 00:55:11.670
that you talked about with the climate anxiety

1382
00:55:11.670 --> 00:55:12.720
and grief and all that.

1383
00:55:12.720 --> 00:55:14.460
So we can follow up with an email

1384
00:55:14.460 --> 00:55:17.694
with those references and one of the messages

1385
00:55:17.694 --> 00:55:20.248
that I like to give the youth ambassadors

1386
00:55:20.248 --> 00:55:22.260
and other students that I'm working with,

1387
00:55:22.260 --> 00:55:24.750
like it's okay to have those feelings

1388
00:55:24.750 --> 00:55:28.296
and then feel empowered to take action.

1389
00:55:28.296 --> 00:55:30.537
We always talk about individual actions

1390
00:55:30.537 --> 00:55:32.913
and then there was this period of time of like,

1391
00:55:34.190 --> 00:55:35.850
individual actions aren't gonna

1392
00:55:35.850 --> 00:55:36.683
make a difference.

1393
00:55:36.683 --> 00:55:38.934
And I like to say that like individual actions

1394
00:55:38.934 --> 00:55:41.580
are just part of the solution.

1395
00:55:41.580 --> 00:55:44.040
They align with your moral compass

1396
00:55:44.040 --> 00:55:45.930
and your beliefs and they make you feel good,

1397
00:55:45.930 --> 00:55:47.553
they can inspire others.

1398
00:55:48.870 --> 00:55:51.150
And those daily habits really do add up

1399
00:55:51.150 --> 00:55:53.100
and can inspire change.

1400
00:55:53.100 --> 00:55:56.100
But ultimately we also need to use our voice

1401
00:55:56.100 --> 00:55:59.280
and get involved with community or civic actions.

1402
00:55:59.280 --> 00:56:01.980
And I loved your story about the youth.

1403
00:56:01.980 --> 00:56:04.200
I mean even your young son who was probably

1404
00:56:04.200 --> 00:56:05.760
like a kindergartner, first grader

1405
00:56:05.760 --> 00:56:08.460
in those pictures, figuring out how

1406
00:56:08.460 --> 00:56:11.220
to use their voice with the big shipping company.

1407
00:56:11.220 --> 00:56:13.170
And there is someone online that wants

1408
00:56:13.170 --> 00:56:14.520
to also work with youth

1409
00:56:14.520 --> 00:56:15.870
to send additional letters

1410
00:56:15.870 --> 00:56:17.790
to that shipping company and others.

1411
00:56:17.790 --> 00:56:19.860
And so I'll follow up on the side

1412
00:56:19.860 --> 00:56:20.973
with that as well.

1413
00:56:21.870 --> 00:56:24.510
So that kind of concludes today's presentation

1414
00:56:24.510 --> 00:56:26.932
about blue carbon and teaching hope.

1415
00:56:26.932 --> 00:56:30.690
There will be a recording, it'll be available on

1416
00:56:30.690 --> 00:56:33.150
that long government URL, but don't worry,

1417
00:56:33.150 --> 00:56:35.945
you'll get an email with that direct link.

1418
00:56:35.945 --> 00:56:39.728
We'll be getting the webinar recording captioned

1419
00:56:39.728 --> 00:56:41.820
in English and Spanish.

1420
00:56:41.820 --> 00:56:43.500
So it does take us a little bit of time

1421
00:56:43.500 --> 00:56:45.420
to send that in for captioning and get it

1422
00:56:45.420 --> 00:56:47.130
back and post it online.

1423
00:56:47.130 --> 00:56:48.690
So in about a week or so,

1424
00:56:48.690 --> 00:56:50.190
that'll be available online.

1425
00:56:50.190 --> 00:56:52.050
And again, you'll get an email.

1426
00:56:52.050 --> 00:56:53.820
If you're watching the recording

1427
00:56:53.820 --> 00:56:56.231
and you want a certificate of attendance

1428
00:56:56.231 --> 00:56:57.870
and you've gotten to this point,

1429
00:56:57.870 --> 00:56:58.740
there's the email.

1430
00:56:58.740 --> 00:57:01.950
Sanctuary.education@noaa.gov.

1431
00:57:01.950 --> 00:57:04.290
For everyone that participated live today,

1432
00:57:04.290 --> 00:57:06.540
you will immediately receive a certificate

1433
00:57:06.540 --> 00:57:09.210
of attendance that gives you one contact hour

1434
00:57:09.210 --> 00:57:11.910
of professional development for learning more

1435
00:57:11.910 --> 00:57:15.300
about blue carbon and climate change.

1436
00:57:15.300 --> 00:57:17.130
And then we've been doing evaluation

1437
00:57:17.130 --> 00:57:19.800
for this webinar series since 2016

1438
00:57:19.800 --> 00:57:21.240
when we kicked it off.

1439
00:57:21.240 --> 00:57:22.950
There's, I don't know, I can't remember,

1440
00:57:22.950 --> 00:57:24.360
3, 4, 5 questions.

1441
00:57:24.360 --> 00:57:25.920
It takes probably less than a minute

1442
00:57:25.920 --> 00:57:28.110
to respond to them, but we would love

1443
00:57:28.110 --> 00:57:29.760
when you close out of this webinar,

1444
00:57:29.760 --> 00:57:31.590
that's when the survey pops up.

1445
00:57:31.590 --> 00:57:33.300
And if you would just take that one minute

1446
00:57:33.300 --> 00:57:36.090
to respond, we'd greatly appreciate it.

1447
00:57:36.090 --> 00:57:38.603
There is a link in there for a longer survey

1448
00:57:38.603 --> 00:57:41.310
for formal and informal educators.

1449
00:57:41.310 --> 00:57:44.220
That's a bigger NOAA education survey.

1450
00:57:44.220 --> 00:57:45.810
That's an optional one.

1451
00:57:45.810 --> 00:57:46.830
You can click the link

1452
00:57:46.830 --> 00:57:49.365
and take that slightly longer one if you want.

1453
00:57:49.365 --> 00:57:51.771
With that, we appreciate your time

1454
00:57:51.771 --> 00:57:53.820
and energy for being here.

1455
00:57:53.820 --> 00:57:56.580
I hope you were as inspired as I was

1456
00:57:56.580 --> 00:57:58.050
to learn more about blue carbon

1457
00:57:58.050 --> 00:58:00.570
and how you can bring those messages

1458
00:58:00.570 --> 00:58:03.390
into your daily life and what you can do

1459
00:58:03.390 --> 00:58:05.220
to take action and inspire hope

1460
00:58:05.220 --> 00:58:07.053
for yourself and for others.

1461
00:58:08.250 --> 00:58:09.083
So with that,

1462
00:58:09.083 --> 00:58:11.100
we'll conclude today's presentation

1463
00:58:11.100 --> 00:58:14.190
ooh, with just a minute or two to spare.

1464
00:58:14.190 --> 00:58:16.050
I guess I could have slowed down.

1465
00:58:16.050 --> 00:58:16.890
But thanks everyone.

1466
00:58:16.890 --> 00:58:18.480
We appreciate your time.

1467
00:58:18.480 --> 00:58:21.180
This concludes today's presentation.

1468
00:58:21.180 --> 00:58:22.013
Thank you.