WEBVTT

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[Shannon] - Well, thank you everyone for joining us today

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for our webinar,

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"Shipwreck Ecosystems, Ecology and Conservation."

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I'm Shannon Ricles, the Education and Outreach Coordinator

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for Monitor National Marine Sanctuary

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and Mallows Bay - Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary,

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and I'm going to be your host today.

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<v ->And I'm Mark Losavio, the Media and Outreach Coordinator</v>

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for Monitor and Mallows Bay - Potomac River

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National Marine Sanctuary.

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<v ->Sorry, Mark.</v>

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(Shannon laughing)

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I did your picture, and it went too fast.

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And this webinar is brought to you

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by NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary

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in collaboration with the North Carolina Office

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of State Archeology.

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<v ->Partnering since 1975,</v>

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NOAA and the state of North Carolina

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work to research, honor, and protect

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the hallmarks of North Carolina's underwater

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cultural heritage, shipwrecks.

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These shipwrecks hold the information

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about the ever-changing technologies

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and cultural and physical landscapes.

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They serve as a uniquely accessible underwater museum

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and a memorial to generations of mariners who lived, died,

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worked, and fought off our shores.

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This is just one of the many webinars we'll be hosting

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in the coming year for the Submerged NC Webinar Series,

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in collaboration with the North Carolina Office

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of State Archeology.

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<v ->Now, Monitor is just one of 15 national marine sanctuaries</v>

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and two marine national monuments

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in the National Marine Sanctuary System,

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and this system encompasses more than 620,000 square miles

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of marine and Great Lakes waters

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from Washington State to the Florida Keys

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and from Lake Huron to American Samoa.

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Now during the presentation,

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all attendees will be in "listen only" mode.

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You are welcome to type questions for your presenters

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into the question box at the bottom of the control panel

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on the right hand side of your screen.

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And this is the same area that you can let us know

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about any technical issues you might be having

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and we can help you with.

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We'll be monitoring the boxes and the questions

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and hopefully we will respond to you just as soon as we can.

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We are recording this session and we will share

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the recording with registered participants

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via the webinar archive page and a URL for this webpage

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will be provided at the end of the presentation.

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<v ->So without further ado, we'd love to welcome Cady Breslin</v>

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with the North Carolina Aquarium on Roanoke Island.

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Cady, feel free to take it away.

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<v ->Awesome, thank you so much, Mark and Shannon.</v>

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<v ->Yep, let me share the screen with you.</v>

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<v ->All righty.</v>

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<v Shannon>All right, there you go.</v>

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<v ->All right.</v>

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Oh.

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I am...

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The webinar screen will not go away.

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There we go.

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All right, thank you guys for bearing with that.

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My name is Cady and we are here to talk about

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the Shipwreck Ecosystems.

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We're gonna look into a little bit about their ecology

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and the conservation of those really specialized ecosystems.

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A little bit about me.

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I am a white female of average size in her early 30s

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with brown hair and I'm wearing a blue top.

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I have a background in biology and environmental education.

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I'm a marine educator here at

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the North Carolina Aquarium on Roanoke Island,

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but I also am lucky enough to participate

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as one of our staff divers

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and I'm training to be a scientific diver

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so that I can participate more fully

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in the conservation efforts

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that I'm gonna share with you today that our partners

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and we are doing here, collaboratively, on site.

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I live in the Outer Nanks with my partner Kyle

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and our two dogs, Scout and Remi,

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you can see in the photo there.

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And I love to hike, read, bowl,

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and I'm way, way too competitive at game night.

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An overview of the talk itself.

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So we are gonna dive into the North Carolina ecosystem

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right off of our coast.

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So as you travel from the beach off coast, there,

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what's going on out in the ocean off of the Outer Banks.

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And then we'll look at the shipwrecks

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that also are out there in the ocean.

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Why do those shipwrecks happen

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and what are the impacts of those shipwrecks over time?

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And then, over time, what we see on those ecosystems

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of those wrecks. And do a couple species highlights

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of special species of interest on those ecosystems,

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as well as the conservation efforts that we,

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here at the aquarium, and our partners are working on

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for those species, and the actions that we take,

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as well as actions that you might be able to take

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no matter where you're from.

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The ecology off of the North Carolina coast,

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the environment, it's pretty sparse in a lot of areas.

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So it's almost comparable to a desert.

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It's open ocean, it's very barren

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and there are very few solid substrate areas

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off of the Outer Banks.

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We don't see a lot of hard, rocky outcroppings

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or a lot of the basic structural framework

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for many ecosystems.

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So that means we have a lot of shifting sand.

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That's happening both naturally with wave action

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as well as anthropogenically,

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so humans are causing shifting sand as well.

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In the photo, this is a photo taken off of Ocracoke,

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which is an island in the Outer Banks,

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and we could see these deep channels in the sand

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that are actually dug consistently so that our ferries

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can travel back and forth from different land masses

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off of our coast, so we are digging those ferries,

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excuse me, digging those channels,

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the waves are pushing the sand back into different places

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and we have to continuously do that.

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But it's also happening naturally out off of our coast.

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Which is part of the reason we tend to see

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so many shipwrecks off of our coast.

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We have those storms, so we have both hurricane season

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here every year and we also have Nor'Easters,

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which are gonna be those storms that

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are moving around that sand,

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that are dangerous in themselves with the wave action.

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And then when we have those shifting sands,

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if you don't have a lot of experience navigating

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those waters that are changing the depth

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so much with that moving sand,

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if you don't have special really,

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really sophisticated equipment,

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you might not be able to navigate those sands,

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and even if you do, sometimes it's still a detriment

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to folks trying to navigate those areas

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and those will end up with ships

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running a ground and sinking.

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Other things that we've seen a lot of shipwrecks occur from

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are battles and wars.

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There's been action off of the Outer Banks coast

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in the Civil War and both World War I and World War II.

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We also have seen action from pirates

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and some human behaviors,

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so folks who are intentionally sinking ships,

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like we have seen action, even from Blackbeard,

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was somewhat active off of the Outer Banks.

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And we also have some lore in our area where folks

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would take horses and put lanterns around their neck.

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So they called them nags,

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they would put a lantern around their head,

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we've got the town Nags Head,

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and they would took those horses up into the dunes

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and the horses would kind of look like lighthouses,

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or beacons, for those ships

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and they would accidentally run a ground.

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Is one of the lores around here on why we might have

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so many shipwrecks.

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And I want you to notice the images on the screen

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of two shipwrecks.

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I know that they're really hard to see,

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and that was intentional because we also,

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with those shifting sands,

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the visibility around here is not always super great

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because there's so much turbidity moving that sand around.

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Sometimes these ecosystems aren't super clear,

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which is important to remember when we look

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at these conservation efforts.

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Because we have so many shipwrecks off of our coast,

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we get the nickname the "Graveyard of the Atlantic."

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The map that you're seeing is called

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the "Ghost Fleet of the Outer Banks"

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that was created by "National Geographic,"

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and every little dot along the Outer Banks,

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there is a shipwreck.

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And you'll notice that even in the sounds,

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so I'm here in Manteo, which is on Roanoke Island,

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that little land mass in between the landside North Carolina

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and the sandbar that is the Outer Banks,

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that's where I'm situated at the aquarium here.

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We're seeing shipwrecks in our sounds and our rivers

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as well as off of our coast.

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Which leads me to ask you in a poll,

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how many recorded shipwrecks do you think there are known

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in the Outer Banks off of our coast?

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So how many shipwrecks...

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do you think we know about off of our coast?

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Go ahead and answer in the poll.

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Take a guess if you don't know.

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<v Mark>All right, we already have</v>

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50% of respondents voting.
<v ->Awesome.</v>

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<v Mark>This is good, keep going.</v>

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Give us your best guess.

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Zero to 100, 101 to 500,

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501 to a thousand,

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or a thousand plus.

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That last one is supposed to say "a thousand plus,"

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which is a lot, but it could be right.

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I don't know.

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<v ->Wow, lots of contributing factors.</v>

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<v Mark>All right, I'll leave the poll open</v>

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for 10 more seconds, get those last votes in.

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All right, just a few more seconds for this poll.

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All right.

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<v ->Awesome, what have we got, Mark?</v>

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<v Mark>So poll results,</v>

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we have 51%...

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say between 501 and 1000,

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and 29% say between 101 and 500,

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and 17% say 1000 plus and 3% say between zero and 100.

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<v ->Ah, you with the 17%, you are correct.</v>

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Are we back on the slides there Mark?

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<v ->Yes, they're back to you.</v>
<v ->Awesome.</v>

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<v ->So as we're watching this fly over of the Triangle Wreck,</v>

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they're over 2,000 known shipwrecks

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off of the coast of the Outer Banks, why we get that name.

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This is the Triangle Wreck, which are two separate wrecks.

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One is the...

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Kyzikes American tanker, which sank in 1927

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and one sank in 1929.

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That's called the Carl Gerhard.

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It was a Swedish freighter that actually ran

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into the first wreck and smashed in two.

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This is a popular wreck site that folks

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will dive right off of the beach there.

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So, so many wrecks off of our coast

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and they have a big impact.

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Let's talk about their cultural impact first.

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So one historic wreck that you might have heard

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Shannon talking about in the introduction

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is the USS Monitor.

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And this is an important battleship from the Civil War era

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because it was the first Union ironclad battleship.

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If you're looking at the photo, most of the red part

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that you see on the top of that ship there

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would be under the water.

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So the red part would sit under the water's surface

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and that black line at the top and the turret

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would usually be what was above the water's surface.

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The turret was really the only way in and out of the ship.

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And these are the 62 gentlemen who manned that ship

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during the Civil War.

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It was really important not only because

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it was the first ironclad battleship,

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it was part of the first iron versus iron battle.

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So think to yourself, what were ships made of before iron?

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If you said wood, you are correct.

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So wood ships would take a lot of damage

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from those cannons and guns off of the other ships.

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00:11:33.390 --> 00:11:36.840
And what they had seen during the iron versus iron battle

259
00:11:36.840 --> 00:11:39.480
is that they weren't taking as much damage,

260
00:11:39.480 --> 00:11:41.490
but since there wasn't a lot of experience,

261
00:11:41.490 --> 00:11:44.700
there was some confusion during that Battle of Hampton Roads

262
00:11:44.700 --> 00:11:49.380
where they thought maybe they had won or taken more damage,

263
00:11:49.380 --> 00:11:52.380
given more damage than they...

264
00:11:52.380 --> 00:11:54.270
thought they had to the other ship.

265
00:11:54.270 --> 00:11:55.710
There were some confusion and those ships

266
00:11:55.710 --> 00:11:58.650
ended up parting ways in basically a draw,

267
00:11:58.650 --> 00:12:02.130
That happened on March 9th, 1862.

268
00:12:02.130 --> 00:12:05.340
And that was the USS Monitor versus the CSS Virginia,

269
00:12:05.340 --> 00:12:07.230
also known as the Merrimack.

270
00:12:07.230 --> 00:12:09.330
So that was a really important battle

271
00:12:09.330 --> 00:12:14.330
as the first iron versus iron ship battle in the Civil War.

272
00:12:14.610 --> 00:12:16.710
Kind of spurred our modern day Navy,

273
00:12:16.710 --> 00:12:19.833
where we're seeing most ships are not made of wood today.

274
00:12:21.540 --> 00:12:25.140
Once Norfolk was captured by the union,

275
00:12:25.140 --> 00:12:29.220
the USS Monitor was actually called south.

276
00:12:29.220 --> 00:12:33.270
So it was being towed south to serve different orders

277
00:12:33.270 --> 00:12:37.860
and it was caught in a storm on December 31st, 1862.

278
00:12:37.860 --> 00:12:41.040
So that surprise storm actually overtook that ship.

279
00:12:41.040 --> 00:12:42.360
And what you're seeing is a painting

280
00:12:42.360 --> 00:12:45.810
of the USS Monitor sinking and it's tug ship

281
00:12:45.810 --> 00:12:49.350
that was bringing it south is actually there.

282
00:12:49.350 --> 00:12:50.790
You can see the ship in the background

283
00:12:50.790 --> 00:12:53.700
as well as the lifesaving rowboat.

284
00:12:53.700 --> 00:12:57.690
So of the 62 gentlemen, 16 of those crew members

285
00:12:57.690 --> 00:13:01.230
actually perished along with the USS Monitor

286
00:13:01.230 --> 00:13:05.430
on New Year's Eve 1862.

287
00:13:05.430 --> 00:13:08.133
Because that turret was the only exit.

288
00:13:09.180 --> 00:13:13.320
And the Monitor was lost for a little over a hundred years.

289
00:13:13.320 --> 00:13:18.320
When it was found by researchers at Duke University in 1973,

290
00:13:18.480 --> 00:13:21.420
those teams located the Monitor and they had to make sure,

291
00:13:21.420 --> 00:13:22.410
is this the Monitor?

292
00:13:22.410 --> 00:13:24.150
So they mapped it out,

293
00:13:24.150 --> 00:13:27.750
it was about 16 miles off of the coast of Cape Hatteras,

294
00:13:27.750 --> 00:13:30.660
in the Outer Banks, and about 230 feet deep.

295
00:13:30.660 --> 00:13:33.600
So the depth there is going to be a limiting factor

296
00:13:33.600 --> 00:13:35.820
on what you can and can't do

297
00:13:35.820 --> 00:13:38.250
as far as monitoring that shipwreck.

298
00:13:38.250 --> 00:13:40.290
So what they did, they were able to map

299
00:13:40.290 --> 00:13:41.940
that shipwreck with sonar.

300
00:13:41.940 --> 00:13:44.340
That's what you're seeing in the top left there.

301
00:13:44.340 --> 00:13:47.250
They also did some excavations and recovered some pieces

302
00:13:47.250 --> 00:13:48.630
and some artifacts.

303
00:13:48.630 --> 00:13:51.180
We have some here at the aquarium,

304
00:13:51.180 --> 00:13:53.520
on loan from The Mariners' Museum,

305
00:13:53.520 --> 00:13:56.460
and they also brought up the turret from the shipwreck

306
00:13:56.460 --> 00:13:59.940
that is kind of like restored,

307
00:13:59.940 --> 00:14:03.060
or put into a place where it can be preserved

308
00:14:03.060 --> 00:14:04.800
and shown in that museum.

309
00:14:04.800 --> 00:14:07.110
They were also able to honor the gentleman

310
00:14:07.110 --> 00:14:08.760
that went down with the ship.

311
00:14:08.760 --> 00:14:11.790
Over time, the remains of two of the gentlemen

312
00:14:11.790 --> 00:14:15.330
were still intact and were able to be laid to rest

313
00:14:15.330 --> 00:14:17.220
in a military funeral.

314
00:14:17.220 --> 00:14:19.500
So we were able to take that cultural history

315
00:14:19.500 --> 00:14:23.370
and kind of solidify it with that shipwreck.

316
00:14:23.370 --> 00:14:25.380
But something else was noticed

317
00:14:25.380 --> 00:14:27.300
when they were observing the Monitor.

318
00:14:27.300 --> 00:14:30.153
They noticed there was a lot of life growing

319
00:14:30.153 --> 00:14:31.980
on the Monitor.

320
00:14:31.980 --> 00:14:34.710
So it was not only culturally important,

321
00:14:34.710 --> 00:14:37.950
but it became ecologically important.

322
00:14:37.950 --> 00:14:40.620
It became basically an oasis in that desert,

323
00:14:40.620 --> 00:14:43.620
so that open, barren, open ocean

324
00:14:43.620 --> 00:14:46.020
that didn't have a lot there because that sand

325
00:14:46.020 --> 00:14:48.480
was always moving and wasn't a good structure,

326
00:14:48.480 --> 00:14:50.100
we now have structure.

327
00:14:50.100 --> 00:14:53.100
And that structure is now bursting with life

328
00:14:53.100 --> 00:14:57.510
after that a hundred years and it becomes basically a reef.

329
00:14:57.510 --> 00:15:01.500
We see a lot of biodiversity as that wreck has transitioned

330
00:15:01.500 --> 00:15:05.883
into a reef over time as colonial organisms come in

331
00:15:05.883 --> 00:15:10.166
to populate and then they are going to bring in

332
00:15:10.166 --> 00:15:14.220
the smaller animals, so you've got your anemones,

333
00:15:14.220 --> 00:15:17.520
your corals, your sponges and algae, invertebrates.

334
00:15:17.520 --> 00:15:19.410
Those animals are your colonial organisms.

335
00:15:19.410 --> 00:15:21.900
They come in and they start building.

336
00:15:21.900 --> 00:15:22.740
And once they build,

337
00:15:22.740 --> 00:15:27.330
they attract in those smaller animals on the food chain,

338
00:15:27.330 --> 00:15:30.630
plants, depending on what kind of nutrients are available.

339
00:15:30.630 --> 00:15:33.240
And those smaller organisms are gonna bring in

340
00:15:33.240 --> 00:15:36.360
your medium organisms all the way up to your apex predators.

341
00:15:36.360 --> 00:15:40.680
So we end up with an entire ecosystem on these shipwrecks.

342
00:15:40.680 --> 00:15:43.110
And sometimes we'll even find some folks

343
00:15:43.110 --> 00:15:45.750
who weren't exactly invited to the ecosystem.

344
00:15:45.750 --> 00:15:48.480
We'll get into that as well.

345
00:15:48.480 --> 00:15:51.750
But how are scientists going to take this discovery

346
00:15:51.750 --> 00:15:55.380
of this really important cultural and ecological

347
00:15:55.380 --> 00:15:57.660
shipwreck site and ecosystem?

348
00:15:57.660 --> 00:16:01.920
How do we protect that so that over time it's not degraded

349
00:16:01.920 --> 00:16:05.310
or have habitat discretion, destruction?

350
00:16:05.310 --> 00:16:06.660
Excuse me.

351
00:16:06.660 --> 00:16:07.830
You might have noticed that map

352
00:16:07.830 --> 00:16:09.360
that Shannon showed at the beginning.

353
00:16:09.360 --> 00:16:11.550
We have our National Marine Sanctuaries.

354
00:16:11.550 --> 00:16:14.970
This is what has protected the Monitor all this time.

355
00:16:14.970 --> 00:16:17.100
So those sanctuaries, like she said,

356
00:16:17.100 --> 00:16:21.120
there are 15 sanctuaries, several monuments,

357
00:16:21.120 --> 00:16:25.110
and they're protecting over 620,000 square miles

358
00:16:25.110 --> 00:16:27.240
of Marine and Great Lake water.

359
00:16:27.240 --> 00:16:30.450
So really awesome organization doing great work

360
00:16:30.450 --> 00:16:33.150
to protect our resources.

361
00:16:33.150 --> 00:16:38.150
And that was part of the 1972 National Marine Sanctuary Act,

362
00:16:38.520 --> 00:16:40.980
which was within the Marine Protection Research

363
00:16:40.980 --> 00:16:42.840
and Sanctuary's Act.

364
00:16:42.840 --> 00:16:44.970
So it's like a national forest.

365
00:16:44.970 --> 00:16:47.377
It preserves the biodiversity by saying,

366
00:16:47.377 --> 00:16:49.657
"We can visit but we can't take anything away

367
00:16:49.657 --> 00:16:51.847
"and we can't bring and leave anything

368
00:16:51.847 --> 00:16:54.060
"or destroy that habitat."

369
00:16:54.060 --> 00:16:55.620
The Monitor is really important

370
00:16:55.620 --> 00:16:58.890
because it is the very first National Marine Sanctuary.

371
00:16:58.890 --> 00:17:02.280
So it's the first one to be protected under this act.

372
00:17:02.280 --> 00:17:04.680
And the yellow is what they are proposing

373
00:17:04.680 --> 00:17:06.180
as new sanctuaries.

374
00:17:06.180 --> 00:17:09.180
Those yellow squares are where we might have more lands

375
00:17:09.180 --> 00:17:10.830
that are protected in the future.

376
00:17:12.930 --> 00:17:14.820
At the aquarium, we partner with NOAA

377
00:17:14.820 --> 00:17:18.060
and with lots of other partners to work on exhibits

378
00:17:18.060 --> 00:17:21.030
and programs that are going to help raise awareness

379
00:17:21.030 --> 00:17:23.550
for these acts, for this important work

380
00:17:23.550 --> 00:17:26.790
that's being done by our partners so that people

381
00:17:26.790 --> 00:17:28.560
in the public, or folks just like you,

382
00:17:28.560 --> 00:17:32.040
know what's going on and know how they can contribute.

383
00:17:32.040 --> 00:17:34.350
At the aquarium, we have two habitats

384
00:17:34.350 --> 00:17:38.220
that are specifically focused around the USS Monitor.

385
00:17:38.220 --> 00:17:40.680
First, we have our Ironclad Sanctuary.

386
00:17:40.680 --> 00:17:44.970
This is an exhibit dedicated to...

387
00:17:44.970 --> 00:17:46.110
the Monitor,

388
00:17:46.110 --> 00:17:47.700
its battles,

389
00:17:47.700 --> 00:17:49.977
as well as what's happened to it after it sank

390
00:17:49.977 --> 00:17:51.930
and that it became a reef.

391
00:17:51.930 --> 00:17:54.450
There's even a really cool kiosk where you can

392
00:17:54.450 --> 00:17:57.360
interactively look at National Marine Sanctuaries

393
00:17:57.360 --> 00:17:59.430
on that NOAA kiosk there.

394
00:17:59.430 --> 00:18:02.430
And because our mission is to as inspire appreciation

395
00:18:02.430 --> 00:18:04.560
and conservation of our aquatic environments,

396
00:18:04.560 --> 00:18:08.490
and our theme itself is the waterways of North Carolina,

397
00:18:08.490 --> 00:18:12.540
our next exhibit, our largest exhibit in the entire facility

398
00:18:12.540 --> 00:18:14.010
is the "Graveyard of the Atlantic."

399
00:18:14.010 --> 00:18:15.930
And that's the photo on your right.

400
00:18:15.930 --> 00:18:19.440
That is a one-fourth scale model of the USS Monitor.

401
00:18:19.440 --> 00:18:21.600
It's sitting just like the Monitor is sitting

402
00:18:21.600 --> 00:18:24.060
off the coast of Cape Hatteras.

403
00:18:24.060 --> 00:18:25.530
And so it's upside down.

404
00:18:25.530 --> 00:18:28.110
We are looking at the propeller side of the ship

405
00:18:28.110 --> 00:18:29.820
from this angle.

406
00:18:29.820 --> 00:18:32.310
And the other important thing about that habitat

407
00:18:32.310 --> 00:18:35.430
is that folks are seeing all native animals.

408
00:18:35.430 --> 00:18:38.610
There are typically 15 to 25 species, or so, in there.

409
00:18:38.610 --> 00:18:41.940
And right now every single animal is native to our coast.

410
00:18:41.940 --> 00:18:43.230
So it gives a snapshot,

411
00:18:43.230 --> 00:18:45.780
what do these marine sanctuaries look like?

412
00:18:45.780 --> 00:18:49.710
What do these wreck reefs look like over time?

413
00:18:49.710 --> 00:18:52.500
This is what you might see if you went diving

414
00:18:52.500 --> 00:18:53.793
off of our coast.

415
00:18:54.870 --> 00:18:58.890
And so that gives folks a really good understanding

416
00:18:58.890 --> 00:19:01.920
of what the actual North Carolina ecosystems

417
00:19:01.920 --> 00:19:05.010
that they are interacting with are comprised of

418
00:19:05.010 --> 00:19:07.660
and how we are protecting them and how they can help.

419
00:19:08.760 --> 00:19:10.320
So those efforts that we are doing,

420
00:19:10.320 --> 00:19:13.200
we can get into a little bit, we are working in the field,

421
00:19:13.200 --> 00:19:14.880
we're working in the lab and the office

422
00:19:14.880 --> 00:19:17.313
and we're also trying to raise that awareness.

423
00:19:19.380 --> 00:19:23.190
This is a video from one of the partner organizations

424
00:19:23.190 --> 00:19:24.180
that we're working with.

425
00:19:24.180 --> 00:19:27.660
So this is a video off of the Monitor.

426
00:19:27.660 --> 00:19:31.560
So go ahead and count how many individual species you see

427
00:19:31.560 --> 00:19:33.160
while we're watching this video.

428
00:19:34.020 --> 00:19:38.280
In May of 2022, the Global Foundation for Education Project

429
00:19:38.280 --> 00:19:41.340
used an ROV, which is a Remotely Operated Vehicle,

430
00:19:41.340 --> 00:19:45.180
that they called Yogi, to explore around the USS Monitor.

431
00:19:45.180 --> 00:19:46.980
So that's the wreckage you're seeing.

432
00:19:46.980 --> 00:19:50.670
This is the wreck ecosystem reef that has been created

433
00:19:50.670 --> 00:19:53.073
over a hundred years on the Monitor.

434
00:19:54.300 --> 00:19:57.960
So NOAA and the North Carolina Office of State Archeology

435
00:19:57.960 --> 00:20:00.480
worked with CMAST and North Carolina Aquariums

436
00:20:00.480 --> 00:20:02.940
to actually broadcast these streams

437
00:20:02.940 --> 00:20:05.640
and hold curated chats that we participated in

438
00:20:05.640 --> 00:20:06.540
through the aquarium.

439
00:20:06.540 --> 00:20:10.380
So as they were actively monitoring the shipwreck,

440
00:20:10.380 --> 00:20:13.590
we had it live streamed here at the aquarium so folks

441
00:20:13.590 --> 00:20:16.470
could hear the conversation the researchers were having,

442
00:20:16.470 --> 00:20:18.870
they could look at the animals and the plants

443
00:20:18.870 --> 00:20:20.400
and the different species on the wrecks

444
00:20:20.400 --> 00:20:24.660
and really get a firsthand view of what these ecosystems are

445
00:20:24.660 --> 00:20:28.380
and understand why they're so important off of our coast

446
00:20:28.380 --> 00:20:30.513
and what we are doing to help them out.

447
00:20:32.820 --> 00:20:34.560
It's got a little bit more time.

448
00:20:34.560 --> 00:20:36.660
If you're counting a lot of species,

449
00:20:36.660 --> 00:20:39.183
pop into the chat how many located.

450
00:20:40.590 --> 00:20:42.570
We've got a couple special species

451
00:20:42.570 --> 00:20:45.123
we're gonna be talking about here in just a second.

452
00:20:47.610 --> 00:20:50.340
But even at 230 feet deep,

453
00:20:50.340 --> 00:20:53.880
we're seeing so much life off of the Monitor wreck,

454
00:20:53.880 --> 00:20:55.173
which is pretty amazing.

455
00:21:03.720 --> 00:21:06.960
And so these, again, are the gentlemen who crewed,

456
00:21:06.960 --> 00:21:11.343
were the crew on the Monitor, just honoring them as well.

457
00:21:19.260 --> 00:21:22.320
So what the team did then was take stills

458
00:21:22.320 --> 00:21:26.850
of this entire video, hours and hours of video, take stills,

459
00:21:26.850 --> 00:21:30.150
and you might have counted several different species

460
00:21:30.150 --> 00:21:31.500
and that's what they're doing.

461
00:21:31.500 --> 00:21:34.080
They are taking these stills and they are looking at them

462
00:21:34.080 --> 00:21:36.840
and counting how many species they can find,

463
00:21:36.840 --> 00:21:40.800
what area on or around the wreck they are utilizing.

464
00:21:40.800 --> 00:21:43.440
And students in Dr. Carol Price's lab,

465
00:21:43.440 --> 00:21:45.690
Haley and Aaliyah, have actually supplied us

466
00:21:45.690 --> 00:21:48.840
with some of this content because they're analyzing

467
00:21:48.840 --> 00:21:50.850
these species for presence and abundance

468
00:21:50.850 --> 00:21:54.987
and mapping out those ROV studies using those screenshots.

469
00:21:54.987 --> 00:21:58.770
And that helps us understand the ecosystem,

470
00:21:58.770 --> 00:22:01.620
what the species interactions might be going on

471
00:22:01.620 --> 00:22:04.770
and what is going on in these habitats so we can map out

472
00:22:04.770 --> 00:22:06.540
and understand, and the more we understand,

473
00:22:06.540 --> 00:22:08.520
the more we can help.

474
00:22:08.520 --> 00:22:12.000
Did you notice there were two sharks in this ROV photo?

475
00:22:12.000 --> 00:22:14.613
So we see two sharks up on the right hand corner.

476
00:22:15.570 --> 00:22:17.460
And I wanna talk about sharks for a little bit

477
00:22:17.460 --> 00:22:20.640
because sharks are what we call the "stewards of our reefs."

478
00:22:20.640 --> 00:22:22.830
Sharks are what we call a keystone species,

479
00:22:22.830 --> 00:22:26.070
which means that they define an entire ecosystem.

480
00:22:26.070 --> 00:22:28.830
Without sharks, the ecosystems they live in

481
00:22:28.830 --> 00:22:32.400
would be drastically altered or even cease to exist.

482
00:22:32.400 --> 00:22:35.370
And they're over 400 species of sharks

483
00:22:35.370 --> 00:22:36.540
known in the world today.

484
00:22:36.540 --> 00:22:38.850
And they are in various ecosystems,

485
00:22:38.850 --> 00:22:42.600
they're all different sizes and they impact

486
00:22:42.600 --> 00:22:45.273
pretty much the entire ocean as we know it.

487
00:22:46.200 --> 00:22:48.030
They are what we call our cleanup crew.

488
00:22:48.030 --> 00:22:50.490
So they're scavengers, they're going to clean up anything

489
00:22:50.490 --> 00:22:51.870
that's dead and lying around.

490
00:22:51.870 --> 00:22:54.630
They're also gonna go after the sick and injured animals,

491
00:22:54.630 --> 00:22:56.910
which is going to keep disease from spreading.

492
00:22:56.910 --> 00:22:59.130
Just like I could pass along germs

493
00:22:59.130 --> 00:23:02.700
that might end up giving you a cold, fish can do the same.

494
00:23:02.700 --> 00:23:04.650
So keeping those germs from spreading,

495
00:23:04.650 --> 00:23:07.440
because sharks will target those sick individuals,

496
00:23:07.440 --> 00:23:10.500
is going to decrease the spread of disease.

497
00:23:10.500 --> 00:23:13.140
It's also easier for a shark to catch a sick

498
00:23:13.140 --> 00:23:16.080
or injured individual because they're vulnerable.

499
00:23:16.080 --> 00:23:18.240
So they are adapted, they have special things

500
00:23:18.240 --> 00:23:22.020
on their bodies to help them find those individuals

501
00:23:22.020 --> 00:23:25.263
and then consume them, as opposed to the healthy fish.

502
00:23:26.280 --> 00:23:28.860
They're also gonna help manage populations.

503
00:23:28.860 --> 00:23:33.860
So sharks are kind of the keepers of a lot of other species.

504
00:23:34.170 --> 00:23:35.490
Imagine,

505
00:23:35.490 --> 00:23:37.710
there are hundreds of us on this call, right?

506
00:23:37.710 --> 00:23:41.190
Imagine that we have to share one medium pizza.

507
00:23:41.190 --> 00:23:42.510
That's not gonna be enough.

508
00:23:42.510 --> 00:23:47.010
Or imagine that if the 150 or so of us on this call

509
00:23:47.010 --> 00:23:51.510
all met in person in one building that had one bathroom.

510
00:23:51.510 --> 00:23:53.430
That is not going to work.

511
00:23:53.430 --> 00:23:56.460
So there are limiting factors in our habitats,

512
00:23:56.460 --> 00:23:58.500
which might be the food, it might be the space,

513
00:23:58.500 --> 00:24:00.270
it's gonna be lots of different things.

514
00:24:00.270 --> 00:24:02.460
And if there's not enough to go around,

515
00:24:02.460 --> 00:24:04.170
it's not just a few of us that suffer,

516
00:24:04.170 --> 00:24:06.750
it's all of us that will suffer, eventually,

517
00:24:06.750 --> 00:24:10.560
and then our ecosystems are out of balance if we don't have

518
00:24:10.560 --> 00:24:14.430
those limiting factors kind of partitioned out.

519
00:24:14.430 --> 00:24:17.010
So sharks are gonna manage those populations

520
00:24:17.010 --> 00:24:20.700
by making sure that they're not getting out of whack.

521
00:24:20.700 --> 00:24:22.890
That's also gonna keep the strong genetics

522
00:24:22.890 --> 00:24:26.490
flowing through our ecosystems so that whoever's reproducing

523
00:24:26.490 --> 00:24:30.240
is the most physically fit to be reproducing.

524
00:24:30.240 --> 00:24:33.750
The problem here, though, is that sharks

525
00:24:33.750 --> 00:24:37.180
are kind of a target for a lot of

526
00:24:38.820 --> 00:24:41.520
impacts that are happening to our ocean.

527
00:24:41.520 --> 00:24:43.290
We are finding that a lot of sharks

528
00:24:43.290 --> 00:24:44.580
are critically endangered,

529
00:24:44.580 --> 00:24:46.800
endangered, vulnerable, or near threatened.

530
00:24:46.800 --> 00:24:49.530
And one of the biggest problems that we are also having

531
00:24:49.530 --> 00:24:52.980
is that we are data deficient in many of these species.

532
00:24:52.980 --> 00:24:57.180
So over 400 species of sharks, the majority of them,

533
00:24:57.180 --> 00:24:59.400
were data deficient to understand

534
00:24:59.400 --> 00:25:01.170
how their population is doing.

535
00:25:01.170 --> 00:25:03.720
It's really, really hard to study animals

536
00:25:03.720 --> 00:25:05.220
that live in the ocean.

537
00:25:05.220 --> 00:25:08.040
We don't have the sophisticated equipment necessarily

538
00:25:08.040 --> 00:25:12.390
or the funds to use that equipment to find those animals,

539
00:25:12.390 --> 00:25:13.380
track those animals

540
00:25:13.380 --> 00:25:16.680
and understand what's going on in our ocean.

541
00:25:16.680 --> 00:25:19.530
So not knowing what's going on means that

542
00:25:19.530 --> 00:25:21.510
we don't have great understanding

543
00:25:21.510 --> 00:25:25.050
of how the population's doing and how that's going to impact

544
00:25:25.050 --> 00:25:27.000
the rest of our ecosystems, right?

545
00:25:27.000 --> 00:25:28.680
We know the role that they play,

546
00:25:28.680 --> 00:25:31.560
but it's really hard to know how that's being impacted

547
00:25:31.560 --> 00:25:34.620
without knowing are they reproducing fast enough

548
00:25:34.620 --> 00:25:37.293
to keep up with fishing or what have you.

549
00:25:39.150 --> 00:25:42.330
So a reef without sharks, this is, this is a thing,

550
00:25:42.330 --> 00:25:43.650
it's out of balance.

551
00:25:43.650 --> 00:25:46.650
So we have, the blue is the coral reef with the shark,

552
00:25:46.650 --> 00:25:48.090
there's a lot of biodiversity,

553
00:25:48.090 --> 00:25:50.550
a lot of different animals, it's in balance.

554
00:25:50.550 --> 00:25:53.010
However, on the right, we've got a degraded reef

555
00:25:53.010 --> 00:25:55.560
because if those sharks are out of the equation,

556
00:25:55.560 --> 00:25:57.990
we start seeing some over consumption.

557
00:25:57.990 --> 00:26:00.690
So maybe the animals that the sharks would have eaten

558
00:26:00.690 --> 00:26:03.060
are eating too much of another species,

559
00:26:03.060 --> 00:26:05.700
or we can start seeing some other species

560
00:26:05.700 --> 00:26:07.890
that are populating too much.

561
00:26:07.890 --> 00:26:10.860
We're seeing a species that is growing exponentially

562
00:26:10.860 --> 00:26:13.710
instead of being kept in balance.

563
00:26:13.710 --> 00:26:17.490
Something we probably all can relate to are prairies,

564
00:26:17.490 --> 00:26:19.710
or meadows, pollinator gardens.

565
00:26:19.710 --> 00:26:23.400
So if you have just all grass, you have a monoculture.

566
00:26:23.400 --> 00:26:27.570
If you have lots of different species, higher biodiversity,

567
00:26:27.570 --> 00:26:30.870
consider which of these habitat types is going to be

568
00:26:30.870 --> 00:26:34.800
able to support more types of animals, more plants,

569
00:26:34.800 --> 00:26:37.560
which one is gonna have the higher biodiversity

570
00:26:37.560 --> 00:26:40.700
and therefore which one has the better ecological...

571
00:26:42.930 --> 00:26:44.190
impact, right?

572
00:26:44.190 --> 00:26:48.750
Which one is going to have more beneficial outcomes

573
00:26:48.750 --> 00:26:50.850
on the ecology of the area,

574
00:26:50.850 --> 00:26:54.270
or even, a lot of times, even financially?

575
00:26:54.270 --> 00:26:57.060
Something that's producing a higher biodiversity

576
00:26:57.060 --> 00:27:00.990
is going to be more financially important.

577
00:27:00.990 --> 00:27:02.700
Just like if we have fish in balance,

578
00:27:02.700 --> 00:27:05.433
we have more fish to put into our seafood market.

579
00:27:07.500 --> 00:27:08.333
So...

580
00:27:11.970 --> 00:27:15.630
a lot of the times we see that they are sand tiger sharks.

581
00:27:15.630 --> 00:27:18.870
Sand tiger sharks are seen a lot in

582
00:27:18.870 --> 00:27:20.700
the Graveyard of the Atlantic, specifically,

583
00:27:20.700 --> 00:27:23.340
but they are medium-sized sharks that are typically

584
00:27:23.340 --> 00:27:25.170
about six to 10 feet in length

585
00:27:25.170 --> 00:27:27.150
and usually about a hundred to 400 pounds

586
00:27:27.150 --> 00:27:29.430
depending on how old they are.

587
00:27:29.430 --> 00:27:30.840
And they're living worldwide

588
00:27:30.840 --> 00:27:33.240
in subtropical and temperate waters.

589
00:27:33.240 --> 00:27:35.280
They're kind of known for that double dorsal fin,

590
00:27:35.280 --> 00:27:37.170
you can see there on the sand tiger

591
00:27:37.170 --> 00:27:39.060
that we have in our habitat,

592
00:27:39.060 --> 00:27:42.210
and they are also called the "Ragged Tooth Shark."

593
00:27:42.210 --> 00:27:44.820
So they have a big toothy grin and those teeth

594
00:27:44.820 --> 00:27:46.830
look a lot like fish hooks,

595
00:27:46.830 --> 00:27:49.020
which is because that's what they eat, fish.

596
00:27:49.020 --> 00:27:51.510
They eat medium-size fish and they don't tend

597
00:27:51.510 --> 00:27:54.270
to close their mouth a whole lot because, one,

598
00:27:54.270 --> 00:27:56.760
this type of shark has to swim to breathe.

599
00:27:56.760 --> 00:27:58.770
So having their mouth open is going to allow

600
00:27:58.770 --> 00:28:00.270
more water over their gills,

601
00:28:00.270 --> 00:28:03.600
which is going to allow that oxygen to get onto their gills,

602
00:28:03.600 --> 00:28:06.930
and some of the areas of their teeth, they're so pointy

603
00:28:06.930 --> 00:28:09.120
and wear their positioned, they might poke themselves

604
00:28:09.120 --> 00:28:10.260
if they close their mouth all the way.

605
00:28:10.260 --> 00:28:12.990
So they leave their mouths open a lot of the time.

606
00:28:12.990 --> 00:28:15.570
But they're very, they're considered docile,

607
00:28:15.570 --> 00:28:19.320
folks dive with them all the time, and they eat fish.

608
00:28:19.320 --> 00:28:21.300
So they'll hang around those wrecks,

609
00:28:21.300 --> 00:28:23.940
and that's beneficial to them because there's

610
00:28:23.940 --> 00:28:26.310
the proper kind of space for this animal.

611
00:28:26.310 --> 00:28:27.960
They have cover if they need it,

612
00:28:27.960 --> 00:28:29.490
there's great food availability

613
00:28:29.490 --> 00:28:31.950
and a balanced reef ecosystem,

614
00:28:31.950 --> 00:28:34.533
and it's gonna set their pups up for success.

615
00:28:36.930 --> 00:28:39.270
But we're still seeing impacts to those sanctuaries

616
00:28:39.270 --> 00:28:41.460
that are impacting those sharks.

617
00:28:41.460 --> 00:28:43.770
So one thing is going to be over harvesting,

618
00:28:43.770 --> 00:28:45.510
if we're taking too many of them

619
00:28:45.510 --> 00:28:48.300
out of that situation, right?

620
00:28:48.300 --> 00:28:50.970
Just like if we have too many individuals,

621
00:28:50.970 --> 00:28:53.250
not having enough is going to be an issue.

622
00:28:53.250 --> 00:28:54.330
Bycatch.

623
00:28:54.330 --> 00:28:56.640
So bycatch is when you are fishing

624
00:28:56.640 --> 00:29:00.360
and whatever you're fishing for, say lobster or tuna,

625
00:29:00.360 --> 00:29:03.060
what have you, whatever you catch that's not that item

626
00:29:03.060 --> 00:29:05.280
that you went for is called bycatch.

627
00:29:05.280 --> 00:29:07.800
If I go out and I'm looking for a bunch of tuna

628
00:29:07.800 --> 00:29:11.670
but I catch some sharks too, that is bycatch,

629
00:29:11.670 --> 00:29:15.360
and a lot of different types of bycatch are out there.

630
00:29:15.360 --> 00:29:18.750
So it could be directly with a line and hook

631
00:29:18.750 --> 00:29:22.320
and it could also be a net that is just situated out there.

632
00:29:22.320 --> 00:29:24.510
If a shark gets caught in it, like I mentioned,

633
00:29:24.510 --> 00:29:27.120
sand tiger sharks have to swim to breathe,

634
00:29:27.120 --> 00:29:29.580
if a sand tiger shark gets caught in that net,

635
00:29:29.580 --> 00:29:30.413
it will drown.

636
00:29:30.413 --> 00:29:32.970
So sometimes bycatch is not necessarily even

637
00:29:32.970 --> 00:29:36.420
when you bring it out of the water, it can be before that.

638
00:29:36.420 --> 00:29:40.140
We also see water pollution in both chemical fashion,

639
00:29:40.140 --> 00:29:43.950
fertilizers, our suntan lotions are gonna impact our reefs

640
00:29:43.950 --> 00:29:45.600
as well as trash pollution.

641
00:29:45.600 --> 00:29:48.570
All of these things are impacting those environments

642
00:29:48.570 --> 00:29:52.140
and are causing changes to populations of animals

643
00:29:52.140 --> 00:29:53.673
like our sand tiger sharks.

644
00:29:54.690 --> 00:29:56.970
Sand tiger sharks are one of the animals

645
00:29:56.970 --> 00:29:59.100
that we do have data enough to say

646
00:29:59.100 --> 00:30:00.870
that they are critically endangered

647
00:30:00.870 --> 00:30:03.660
and their population is decreasing.

648
00:30:03.660 --> 00:30:06.840
So they are what we call ovoviviparous.

649
00:30:06.840 --> 00:30:08.130
That means that they breed,

650
00:30:08.130 --> 00:30:10.080
they have an egg inside the mother

651
00:30:10.080 --> 00:30:12.690
that will hatch inside the mother but have live birth.

652
00:30:12.690 --> 00:30:16.230
It's also called non-placental live bearers.

653
00:30:16.230 --> 00:30:19.050
These sharks are pregnant for about nine to 12 months

654
00:30:19.050 --> 00:30:22.200
and they have something that's a really cool adaptation

655
00:30:22.200 --> 00:30:24.150
called intrauterine cannibalism,

656
00:30:24.150 --> 00:30:26.730
where the first egg that hatches, the first pup,

657
00:30:26.730 --> 00:30:29.160
is going to eat all the other eggs and pups,

658
00:30:29.160 --> 00:30:32.550
which is going to allow it to grow inside the mother

659
00:30:32.550 --> 00:30:34.740
so that when it's born it's very strong

660
00:30:34.740 --> 00:30:37.320
and it has a better chance of living.

661
00:30:37.320 --> 00:30:40.680
However, when the mother's only having one to two pups

662
00:30:40.680 --> 00:30:43.533
and they are pregnant for nine to 12 months,

663
00:30:44.370 --> 00:30:46.440
they are being removed from our ocean

664
00:30:46.440 --> 00:30:50.010
faster than they can replenish their population.

665
00:30:50.010 --> 00:30:53.590
And so that is what's leading to this declining

666
00:30:54.840 --> 00:30:56.790
population size,

667
00:30:56.790 --> 00:30:59.310
which is a huge problem because that's going to impact

668
00:30:59.310 --> 00:31:01.140
our marine ecosystems.

669
00:31:01.140 --> 00:31:03.330
So what are we doing for these sand tiger sharks

670
00:31:03.330 --> 00:31:05.700
at these reef areas?

671
00:31:05.700 --> 00:31:07.800
We have lots of partners like OCEARCH.

672
00:31:07.800 --> 00:31:10.560
OCEARCH tags and monitor sharks.

673
00:31:10.560 --> 00:31:13.650
So they will catch the sharks, go out on a vessel,

674
00:31:13.650 --> 00:31:16.080
catch the shark, they'll process it, put a tag,

675
00:31:16.080 --> 00:31:18.780
just like a pet tag you give your cat or dog,

676
00:31:18.780 --> 00:31:22.590
into that shark so that it can be tracked and it can be,

677
00:31:22.590 --> 00:31:24.240
if they catch it again,

678
00:31:24.240 --> 00:31:26.940
you can have individuals and scan them.

679
00:31:26.940 --> 00:31:28.470
And then they're also collecting data

680
00:31:28.470 --> 00:31:31.230
on how big is the animal, where was it located,

681
00:31:31.230 --> 00:31:33.060
male or female, what have you.

682
00:31:33.060 --> 00:31:35.910
Because the more we know, the better we can do

683
00:31:35.910 --> 00:31:38.260
with that information on helping these animals.

684
00:31:39.240 --> 00:31:42.720
At depth, we also can dive and take photos of sharks,

685
00:31:42.720 --> 00:31:44.220
like our sand tigers.

686
00:31:44.220 --> 00:31:48.000
Sand tigers have a pattern, they have spots on their side,

687
00:31:48.000 --> 00:31:50.130
just like you and I have a fingerprint,

688
00:31:50.130 --> 00:31:53.490
or zebras have an individual stripe pattern,

689
00:31:53.490 --> 00:31:57.090
those animals can be individually identified by their spots.

690
00:31:57.090 --> 00:32:00.420
So we take really good photos of them when we're diving

691
00:32:00.420 --> 00:32:02.520
and we can submit them to researchers.

692
00:32:02.520 --> 00:32:04.440
So we can test that equipment here in house.

693
00:32:04.440 --> 00:32:06.360
That's our habitat, Graveyard of the Atlantic.

694
00:32:06.360 --> 00:32:09.990
And then the researchers are going to spend hours

695
00:32:09.990 --> 00:32:12.330
checking out these patterns and seeing,

696
00:32:12.330 --> 00:32:13.740
is this individual the same?

697
00:32:13.740 --> 00:32:16.710
Which helps us look at movement, presence, abundance,

698
00:32:16.710 --> 00:32:21.030
pupping, seasonality, because sometimes these animals are

699
00:32:21.030 --> 00:32:22.860
going to hang out only by themselves

700
00:32:22.860 --> 00:32:24.960
and sometimes they'll hang out in groups,

701
00:32:24.960 --> 00:32:26.940
especially when they're mating.

702
00:32:26.940 --> 00:32:30.180
So, that is kind of what it looks like for spot-a-shark.

703
00:32:30.180 --> 00:32:31.800
where they are matching those patterns

704
00:32:31.800 --> 00:32:34.020
with that computer program.

705
00:32:34.020 --> 00:32:37.590
And I wanna see how well you all can do with this.

706
00:32:37.590 --> 00:32:39.510
So we've got a mystery shark, A.

707
00:32:39.510 --> 00:32:41.253
Check out her spot pattern.

708
00:32:42.210 --> 00:32:43.320
Look at those groupings,

709
00:32:43.320 --> 00:32:45.753
see if anything looks like a strong identifier.

710
00:32:49.500 --> 00:32:52.080
And then here are four sand tiger shark photos.

711
00:32:52.080 --> 00:32:54.780
One of these is the same as mystery shark A,

712
00:32:54.780 --> 00:32:56.700
it's just a different photo of her.

713
00:32:56.700 --> 00:32:58.113
Can you find her?

714
00:32:59.010 --> 00:33:00.753
Which one is shark A?

715
00:33:01.710 --> 00:33:03.870
All right, and I'm gonna pass the poll to Mark

716
00:33:03.870 --> 00:33:05.490
and you're gonna give us your best guest.

717
00:33:05.490 --> 00:33:09.363
Which shark one, two, three or four, was mystery shark A?

718
00:33:12.540 --> 00:33:14.070
<v Mark>All right, give us your best guess,</v>

719
00:33:14.070 --> 00:33:15.870
who was mystery shark A?

720
00:33:15.870 --> 00:33:17.730
Shark number one, shark number two,

721
00:33:17.730 --> 00:33:20.760
shark number three or shark number four?

722
00:33:20.760 --> 00:33:24.453
I'll only keep this poll open for about 10 more seconds.

723
00:33:31.380 --> 00:33:34.260
All right, last chance, get your final votes in there.

724
00:33:34.260 --> 00:33:38.523
One, two, three or four, who is our mystery shark?

725
00:33:40.410 --> 00:33:41.433
All right.

726
00:33:43.260 --> 00:33:48.260
So it looks like 75% voted for shark number three.

727
00:33:49.320 --> 00:33:50.280
<v ->Ooh.</v>

728
00:33:50.280 --> 00:33:51.630
Awesome.

729
00:33:51.630 --> 00:33:53.460
<v Mark>There, now you have back control.</v>

730
00:33:53.460 --> 00:33:54.510
<v ->Back on here, all right.</v>

731
00:33:54.510 --> 00:33:57.480
If you voted for shark number three, you were correct.

732
00:33:57.480 --> 00:33:59.220
All right, you guys did really well on that.

733
00:33:59.220 --> 00:34:01.770
Let's give it another go and see if it was just luck.

734
00:34:01.770 --> 00:34:04.083
This is mystery shark B, check her out.

735
00:34:05.070 --> 00:34:08.730
Look for any identifiable marks.

736
00:34:08.730 --> 00:34:10.560
What do you see that's gonna let us know

737
00:34:10.560 --> 00:34:12.630
which shark is shark B?

738
00:34:12.630 --> 00:34:14.070
All right, here are your options.

739
00:34:14.070 --> 00:34:15.843
One, two, three and four.

740
00:34:16.950 --> 00:34:18.693
Give you a few seconds.

741
00:34:19.950 --> 00:34:21.273
Who is shark B?

742
00:34:23.220 --> 00:34:27.450
All right, Mark, which shark is our mystery shark?

743
00:34:27.450 --> 00:34:28.680
<v Mark>All right, who is she?</v>

744
00:34:28.680 --> 00:34:31.480
I'm gonna be honest, I actually struggled with this one.

745
00:34:37.080 --> 00:34:39.540
She's shark number one, shark number two,

746
00:34:39.540 --> 00:34:41.730
shark number three, or shark number four?

747
00:34:41.730 --> 00:34:43.743
I'll give it 10 more seconds.

748
00:34:53.310 --> 00:34:58.310
All right, get those final votes in and I will close it.

749
00:34:58.380 --> 00:35:03.380
It looks like we have 52% said shark number four.

750
00:35:04.680 --> 00:35:08.070
21% said shark number two.
<v ->Ooh.</v>

751
00:35:08.070 --> 00:35:09.843
This one was a little harder, huh?

752
00:35:13.350 --> 00:35:14.723
<v Mark>You have the screen.</v>

753
00:35:14.723 --> 00:35:15.556
<v ->Awesome.</v>

754
00:35:15.556 --> 00:35:19.380
All right, if you said shark number four, you were correct.

755
00:35:19.380 --> 00:35:23.940
You might have used this little three in a row line,

756
00:35:23.940 --> 00:35:26.310
spots to help identify her.

757
00:35:26.310 --> 00:35:29.520
So it can be very hard to identify these sharks,

758
00:35:29.520 --> 00:35:33.890
so there's countless hours spent on identifying these sharks

759
00:35:33.890 --> 00:35:35.580
so that we really understand

760
00:35:35.580 --> 00:35:38.430
what our populations look like off of our wrecks.

761
00:35:38.430 --> 00:35:40.500
And that's what our researchers are doing

762
00:35:40.500 --> 00:35:43.080
in their labs after they get this data.

763
00:35:43.080 --> 00:35:44.730
Another way we collect data,

764
00:35:44.730 --> 00:35:48.150
even when we're not diving or doing those remote vehicles,

765
00:35:48.150 --> 00:35:49.770
is acoustic receivers.

766
00:35:49.770 --> 00:35:52.980
I mentioned we get tags into the sharks that we catch.

767
00:35:52.980 --> 00:35:55.260
Well, those tags, if they come close enough

768
00:35:55.260 --> 00:35:57.690
to these receivers that you can see there,

769
00:35:57.690 --> 00:35:59.040
will give us a little ping.

770
00:35:59.040 --> 00:36:01.500
These receivers we dive down and put on piers

771
00:36:01.500 --> 00:36:03.450
as well as on wrecks,

772
00:36:03.450 --> 00:36:05.760
and we have to change them out as they die.

773
00:36:05.760 --> 00:36:08.760
And on the right are the receivers

774
00:36:08.760 --> 00:36:10.260
that we actually have positioned here

775
00:36:10.260 --> 00:36:11.610
off of the Outer Banks.

776
00:36:11.610 --> 00:36:14.730
So when those animals swim by, give us a little ping,

777
00:36:14.730 --> 00:36:16.230
it gives us a good understanding

778
00:36:16.230 --> 00:36:17.640
of what's going on with them.

779
00:36:17.640 --> 00:36:20.910
So this is Crystal, a tiger shark who was giving us

780
00:36:20.910 --> 00:36:22.980
little pings all over the place

781
00:36:22.980 --> 00:36:25.410
and we are checking her out based on those tags.

782
00:36:25.410 --> 00:36:27.600
We can see where she's spending time,

783
00:36:27.600 --> 00:36:31.440
we can see when she's moving, where she's moving,

784
00:36:31.440 --> 00:36:34.260
we even see her go out to the open ocean there,

785
00:36:34.260 --> 00:36:38.610
which can give us a lot of information on correlations.

786
00:36:38.610 --> 00:36:41.640
We can look at patterns and try to see

787
00:36:41.640 --> 00:36:43.800
what we think is happening and why.

788
00:36:43.800 --> 00:36:46.410
And that can give us a lead onto

789
00:36:46.410 --> 00:36:47.790
where our efforts are going,

790
00:36:47.790 --> 00:36:50.400
so give us a place to focus in case

791
00:36:50.400 --> 00:36:52.380
we are looking at fish movement.

792
00:36:52.380 --> 00:36:54.930
Is she following a specific kind of fish

793
00:36:54.930 --> 00:36:56.580
or is she looking for mating?

794
00:36:56.580 --> 00:36:58.470
It gives us better understanding of the behavior

795
00:36:58.470 --> 00:37:02.370
of these animals and then understanding how we can help them

796
00:37:02.370 --> 00:37:03.770
based on what they're doing.

797
00:37:04.800 --> 00:37:06.300
Now we're trying to help the sharks,

798
00:37:06.300 --> 00:37:09.150
but there's another species that we also manage

799
00:37:09.150 --> 00:37:11.400
that might be doing a little too well,

800
00:37:11.400 --> 00:37:12.690
and that is our lionfish.

801
00:37:12.690 --> 00:37:15.240
We mentioned that we had some folks on our shipwrecks

802
00:37:15.240 --> 00:37:17.280
that maybe weren't invited to the ecosystem,

803
00:37:17.280 --> 00:37:19.170
but they showed up anyway.

804
00:37:19.170 --> 00:37:22.590
And these animals are also being managed by our partners,

805
00:37:22.590 --> 00:37:24.930
and the aquarium's helping out with those.

806
00:37:24.930 --> 00:37:28.740
Did you spot in the ROV photo, there was a lionfish?

807
00:37:28.740 --> 00:37:29.850
He's right there.

808
00:37:29.850 --> 00:37:31.260
So this is a carnivorous fish

809
00:37:31.260 --> 00:37:33.480
that is actually native to the Indo-Pacific,

810
00:37:33.480 --> 00:37:35.970
but they're now out-competing many species

811
00:37:35.970 --> 00:37:39.480
on our shipwreck reefs and other environments

812
00:37:39.480 --> 00:37:40.683
around the Atlantic,

813
00:37:41.520 --> 00:37:44.760
and it is likely due to the pet trade.

814
00:37:44.760 --> 00:37:48.360
So there is a lot of thought that these animals

815
00:37:48.360 --> 00:37:50.220
were part of some aquariums

816
00:37:50.220 --> 00:37:52.650
and that folks actually released them

817
00:37:52.650 --> 00:37:54.630
and then they're just doing too well around here.

818
00:37:54.630 --> 00:37:58.140
So they are a good kind of symbol

819
00:37:58.140 --> 00:38:00.750
for please do your research if you're going to get a pet,

820
00:38:00.750 --> 00:38:04.470
understand what they need and where they don't belong.

821
00:38:04.470 --> 00:38:07.680
Because we are now seeing a very huge impact

822
00:38:07.680 --> 00:38:10.980
from these lionfish, because they reproduce exponentially

823
00:38:10.980 --> 00:38:13.770
and they have no natural predators here.

824
00:38:13.770 --> 00:38:16.470
They also have these venomous spines on their back,

825
00:38:16.470 --> 00:38:18.360
which means that even our sharks really don't

826
00:38:18.360 --> 00:38:19.800
want to eat these fish.

827
00:38:19.800 --> 00:38:22.650
So they are over consuming, like we talked about,

828
00:38:22.650 --> 00:38:24.330
smaller animals on the wrecks

829
00:38:24.330 --> 00:38:27.120
and they are also impacting that ecosystem

830
00:38:27.120 --> 00:38:28.650
and throwing it out of balance,

831
00:38:28.650 --> 00:38:31.593
which can, again, lead to that monoculture.

832
00:38:33.000 --> 00:38:34.380
And what we do here at the aquarium

833
00:38:34.380 --> 00:38:36.690
is we do mitigation and data collection.

834
00:38:36.690 --> 00:38:38.850
So we'll actually go out on these wrecks,

835
00:38:38.850 --> 00:38:40.830
and this is part of what I was saying,

836
00:38:40.830 --> 00:38:43.500
that scientific diver training that I'm doing

837
00:38:43.500 --> 00:38:46.920
is to go do these dives and do lionfish spearing

838
00:38:46.920 --> 00:38:48.630
to take them off of our wrecks.

839
00:38:48.630 --> 00:38:50.250
Our divers will spear the fish

840
00:38:50.250 --> 00:38:51.630
and then put it in these tubes

841
00:38:51.630 --> 00:38:53.880
that's gonna keep them safe from those spines.

842
00:38:53.880 --> 00:38:55.920
And then after their dive, they'll bring it back

843
00:38:55.920 --> 00:38:58.410
and we're going to process those animals.

844
00:38:58.410 --> 00:39:01.650
And what we do is we look at the size, the length,

845
00:39:01.650 --> 00:39:05.280
the sex of the animal, is it carrying eggs if it's female,

846
00:39:05.280 --> 00:39:08.850
and it's stomach contents, to again understand the behavior

847
00:39:08.850 --> 00:39:10.200
and what's going on with these fish

848
00:39:10.200 --> 00:39:12.600
so that we can take that information

849
00:39:12.600 --> 00:39:15.870
and we can manage this population better.

850
00:39:15.870 --> 00:39:17.700
The other thing we're doing with part of that

851
00:39:17.700 --> 00:39:22.590
is trying to create more of awareness as a seafood option.

852
00:39:22.590 --> 00:39:27.421
So conserving our ecosystems by consuming the lionfish.

853
00:39:27.421 --> 00:39:30.210
If there is more of a demand for the lionfish

854
00:39:30.210 --> 00:39:34.560
in the seafood market, we will then catch more of them.

855
00:39:34.560 --> 00:39:35.670
And if we catch more of them,

856
00:39:35.670 --> 00:39:39.060
that decreases the burden of seafood consumption

857
00:39:39.060 --> 00:39:41.760
on other fish being taken from the population

858
00:39:41.760 --> 00:39:44.460
and it's gonna help remove those invasives.

859
00:39:44.460 --> 00:39:46.410
This is our seafood series that we've done here

860
00:39:46.410 --> 00:39:47.880
at the North Carolina Aquarium,

861
00:39:47.880 --> 00:39:51.930
where professional chefs from the area come in

862
00:39:51.930 --> 00:39:54.900
and prepare different meals with the lionfish.

863
00:39:54.900 --> 00:39:57.660
And I wanna know, would you folks eat lionfish?

864
00:39:57.660 --> 00:39:58.920
Would you give it a try?

865
00:39:58.920 --> 00:40:00.963
We've got a poll for you, yes or no?

866
00:40:01.890 --> 00:40:04.170
And once the venom in the spine,

867
00:40:04.170 --> 00:40:05.820
so once those are totally removed,

868
00:40:05.820 --> 00:40:07.440
it is completely safe to eat.

869
00:40:07.440 --> 00:40:09.390
So if that's what you were thinking about,

870
00:40:09.390 --> 00:40:10.863
it is safe prepared.

871
00:40:12.000 --> 00:40:15.870
<v Mark>Would you try lionfish, yes or no?</v>

872
00:40:15.870 --> 00:40:18.600
I'll be honest, those pictures made it look pretty good, so.

873
00:40:18.600 --> 00:40:20.283
<v ->Yeah, I'm here for that salsa.</v>

874
00:40:23.010 --> 00:40:24.150
<v Mark>All right, I'll keep the pole open</v>

875
00:40:24.150 --> 00:40:25.953
for about 10 more seconds.

876
00:40:31.740 --> 00:40:34.950
All right, last few votes and there we go.

877
00:40:34.950 --> 00:40:39.900
It looks like around 80% of us said, "yes," we'd try it.

878
00:40:39.900 --> 00:40:41.160
<v ->Awesome.</v>

879
00:40:41.160 --> 00:40:44.550
Yes, go out and try lionfish, let's do it.

880
00:40:44.550 --> 00:40:45.480
<v ->Back to you.</v>
<v ->Thank you, Mark.</v>

881
00:40:45.480 --> 00:40:47.130
Awesome.

882
00:40:47.130 --> 00:40:48.660
So here at the North Carolina Aquariums,

883
00:40:48.660 --> 00:40:51.000
we've given you a survey of what we are doing

884
00:40:51.000 --> 00:40:52.830
out in the field or with our partners

885
00:40:52.830 --> 00:40:56.430
or trying to support our partners in our research,

886
00:40:56.430 --> 00:40:59.730
in the conservation projects that are going on,

887
00:40:59.730 --> 00:41:01.980
as well as trying to spread the word.

888
00:41:01.980 --> 00:41:03.900
So we do exhibits here, like we talked about,

889
00:41:03.900 --> 00:41:05.550
and programs like this,

890
00:41:05.550 --> 00:41:08.340
or we have educational programs on the floor

891
00:41:08.340 --> 00:41:09.240
that we're doing.

892
00:41:09.240 --> 00:41:11.040
We also have the animals in our care

893
00:41:11.040 --> 00:41:13.470
who are part of these projects.

894
00:41:13.470 --> 00:41:15.630
We have some lionfish here, in-house,

895
00:41:15.630 --> 00:41:19.500
that are part of awareness to show people the lionfish.

896
00:41:19.500 --> 00:41:21.540
They're one of the only non-native species

897
00:41:21.540 --> 00:41:23.310
in our entire facility.

898
00:41:23.310 --> 00:41:25.440
And they're here so that people know what lionfish are

899
00:41:25.440 --> 00:41:28.740
and know why, know they're not a bad animal,

900
00:41:28.740 --> 00:41:30.600
they are just in the wrong place

901
00:41:30.600 --> 00:41:32.700
and this is what we can do about it.

902
00:41:32.700 --> 00:41:34.710
The sand tiger shark in our care

903
00:41:34.710 --> 00:41:36.480
is also part of several studies.

904
00:41:36.480 --> 00:41:39.030
So we have done a study called Seazarc,

905
00:41:39.030 --> 00:41:41.880
where we looked at her habitat usage, her behaviors,

906
00:41:41.880 --> 00:41:44.610
and we were looking at informing reproductive studies.

907
00:41:44.610 --> 00:41:47.580
Like I mentioned, they're not reproducing fast enough

908
00:41:47.580 --> 00:41:50.790
in the wild to maintain their population numbers.

909
00:41:50.790 --> 00:41:54.150
So if we can supplement that in professional care,

910
00:41:54.150 --> 00:41:58.230
we can potentially introduce new pups to the wild

911
00:41:58.230 --> 00:42:00.720
and then increase their population.

912
00:42:00.720 --> 00:42:02.040
And it's been really hard.

913
00:42:02.040 --> 00:42:04.890
We don't have enough information to detail

914
00:42:04.890 --> 00:42:06.810
how these animals reproduce

915
00:42:06.810 --> 00:42:08.970
to be doing that successfully just yet.

916
00:42:08.970 --> 00:42:11.280
As far as I know, the only successful birth

917
00:42:11.280 --> 00:42:13.410
of a sand tiger shark in the United States

918
00:42:13.410 --> 00:42:14.910
happened last year.

919
00:42:14.910 --> 00:42:17.520
One pup and it was from artificial insemination

920
00:42:17.520 --> 00:42:19.110
and it was at Ripley's.

921
00:42:19.110 --> 00:42:20.700
So it's been very, very hard,

922
00:42:20.700 --> 00:42:22.920
but the scientists and researchers and the folks,

923
00:42:22.920 --> 00:42:24.810
like here at the aquarium, are trying

924
00:42:24.810 --> 00:42:26.520
and they're still putting a lot of effort

925
00:42:26.520 --> 00:42:28.053
into these programs.

926
00:42:29.012 --> 00:42:33.840
We are also, our sand tiger shark is part of the aquarium,

927
00:42:33.840 --> 00:42:36.600
excuse me, Association of Zoos and Aquariums.

928
00:42:36.600 --> 00:42:39.720
We have a Species Survival Plan as well as

929
00:42:39.720 --> 00:42:41.730
the Saving Animals from Extinction Plan.

930
00:42:41.730 --> 00:42:45.060
So she also submits our data,

931
00:42:45.060 --> 00:42:47.460
what's going on with her, how's she's using the habitat,

932
00:42:47.460 --> 00:42:52.170
what's she eating, whatnot, to those programs with the AZA.

933
00:42:52.170 --> 00:42:54.360
So those are different ways that we, here,

934
00:42:54.360 --> 00:42:57.843
are participating in those projects from the aquarium.

935
00:42:59.190 --> 00:43:00.450
So what can you do?

936
00:43:00.450 --> 00:43:02.670
There are a lot of efforts being made

937
00:43:02.670 --> 00:43:04.407
to protect our historical shipwrecks

938
00:43:04.407 --> 00:43:06.240
and the ecosystems they've become,

939
00:43:06.240 --> 00:43:08.220
but we still need more help.

940
00:43:08.220 --> 00:43:12.180
So one of the big things you can do is sustainable seafood.

941
00:43:12.180 --> 00:43:13.380
Check is it local?

942
00:43:13.380 --> 00:43:14.220
Is it in season?

943
00:43:14.220 --> 00:43:16.530
Where was it caught and how was it caught?

944
00:43:16.530 --> 00:43:17.940
If your server can answer that,

945
00:43:17.940 --> 00:43:19.650
it's gonna give you a lot more information.

946
00:43:19.650 --> 00:43:22.740
If they can't, that might tell you a lot too.

947
00:43:22.740 --> 00:43:25.800
Another really great resource is "SeafoodWatch.org"

948
00:43:25.800 --> 00:43:28.350
that'll tell you what's in season where you are

949
00:43:28.350 --> 00:43:30.690
and tell you what's maybe a good choice

950
00:43:30.690 --> 00:43:34.110
based on where you are and and the seasonality of that.

951
00:43:34.110 --> 00:43:36.540
So making more informed choices about our seafood

952
00:43:36.540 --> 00:43:39.510
that we order or we buy is gonna have a huge impact

953
00:43:39.510 --> 00:43:42.783
and keep us from making an unintentional negative impact.

954
00:43:43.890 --> 00:43:47.040
Sharing your time or even monetarily contributing

955
00:43:47.040 --> 00:43:49.560
to the organizations that are doing the work,

956
00:43:49.560 --> 00:43:52.500
so whatever cause you're passionate about,

957
00:43:52.500 --> 00:43:55.890
sharing that time or the those funds

958
00:43:55.890 --> 00:43:58.260
is going to help those organizations out.

959
00:43:58.260 --> 00:44:00.540
I know here at the aquarium,

960
00:44:00.540 --> 00:44:02.370
we are so supported by our volunteers

961
00:44:02.370 --> 00:44:05.670
and we can do so much more because of them, or with them,

962
00:44:05.670 --> 00:44:09.000
for our environment, that it is just, it's,

963
00:44:09.000 --> 00:44:11.553
there's no dollar amount that could be put to it.

964
00:44:12.660 --> 00:44:13.493
Green cleaners.

965
00:44:13.493 --> 00:44:16.470
So even, no matter where you are,

966
00:44:16.470 --> 00:44:18.690
what you got going on, what your situation is,

967
00:44:18.690 --> 00:44:21.780
you can probably trade out those expensive harsh chemicals,

968
00:44:21.780 --> 00:44:23.190
like bleach and ammonia,

969
00:44:23.190 --> 00:44:25.980
for things like lemon, baking soda, or vinegar,

970
00:44:25.980 --> 00:44:27.270
which are gonna be safe for you,

971
00:44:27.270 --> 00:44:29.460
safe for your family and your pets.

972
00:44:29.460 --> 00:44:31.620
Probably better on your wallet.

973
00:44:31.620 --> 00:44:34.830
And then some other things you can do is check for

974
00:44:34.830 --> 00:44:37.380
shark products, or other products you don't want

975
00:44:37.380 --> 00:44:39.840
in the things you are purchasing.

976
00:44:39.840 --> 00:44:41.820
So things like Chondroitin and Squalene

977
00:44:41.820 --> 00:44:43.560
are often shark products.

978
00:44:43.560 --> 00:44:45.030
We find them in our cosmetics,

979
00:44:45.030 --> 00:44:47.580
we find them in our supplements.

980
00:44:47.580 --> 00:44:49.560
So check for those ingredients

981
00:44:49.560 --> 00:44:53.010
and the bottle's not going to say, "I came from a shark."

982
00:44:53.010 --> 00:44:55.080
So you might have to do a little research,

983
00:44:55.080 --> 00:44:56.310
you might have to call the company,

984
00:44:56.310 --> 00:44:57.510
you might have to get online,

985
00:44:57.510 --> 00:45:01.320
which I know can be time consuming and it can be tedious.

986
00:45:01.320 --> 00:45:04.410
However, that's gonna keep you from unknowingly

987
00:45:04.410 --> 00:45:07.533
contributing to the negative impacts on our ocean.

988
00:45:08.910 --> 00:45:11.220
So I've got one last poll here, Mark,

989
00:45:11.220 --> 00:45:13.560
on what are you already doing?

990
00:45:13.560 --> 00:45:16.310
Are you already doing any of these things we mentioned?

991
00:45:18.960 --> 00:45:21.397
<v Mark>Right, so "Which of the following conservation</v>

992
00:45:21.397 --> 00:45:24.037
"and stewardship actions do you already take

993
00:45:24.037 --> 00:45:25.860
"in your day-to-day life?"

994
00:45:25.860 --> 00:45:28.567
A, "Contribute time or donations to organizations

995
00:45:28.567 --> 00:45:31.590
"like the National Marine Sanctuaries or the Aquarium."

996
00:45:31.590 --> 00:45:34.267
B, "Make sure the seafood you order or buy

997
00:45:34.267 --> 00:45:36.390
"as sustainably sourced as possible."

998
00:45:36.390 --> 00:45:39.540
Seasonality, where is a caught, how it's caught.

999
00:45:39.540 --> 00:45:41.527
C, "Checking for items to purchase

1000
00:45:41.527 --> 00:45:43.567
"that do not contain products of sharks

1001
00:45:43.567 --> 00:45:46.200
"like Chondroitin or Squalene."

1002
00:45:46.200 --> 00:45:49.627
Or D, "Using natural cleaners like vinegar, lemon,

1003
00:45:49.627 --> 00:45:52.137
"baking soda to protect our waters."

1004
00:45:56.070 --> 00:45:57.720
<v ->And even if you're doing those things,</v>

1005
00:45:57.720 --> 00:45:59.790
other things you can do is share what you know

1006
00:45:59.790 --> 00:46:01.260
or what you learn.

1007
00:46:01.260 --> 00:46:04.290
You are the voice for these ecosystems and these species.

1008
00:46:04.290 --> 00:46:07.290
So letting other folks know keeps them aware.

1009
00:46:07.290 --> 00:46:09.270
Just by being here shows you care,

1010
00:46:09.270 --> 00:46:10.830
and we don't need just a few of us

1011
00:46:10.830 --> 00:46:12.480
doing conservation perfectly,

1012
00:46:12.480 --> 00:46:15.930
we need all of us doing it our best imperfectly,

1013
00:46:15.930 --> 00:46:19.860
which matters because it creates a huge impact

1014
00:46:19.860 --> 00:46:21.783
even if you can't directly see it.

1015
00:46:22.680 --> 00:46:24.240
Do we have some answers, Mark?

1016
00:46:24.240 --> 00:46:25.950
<v Mark>Yes, I will leave the poll open</v>

1017
00:46:25.950 --> 00:46:27.930
for about 10 more seconds.

1018
00:46:27.930 --> 00:46:30.870
And I'll be honest, I didn't realize to check for squalene,

1019
00:46:30.870 --> 00:46:33.450
so I'm gonna start doing that starting today.

1020
00:46:33.450 --> 00:46:35.280
<v ->Yes, I didn't either.</v>

1021
00:46:35.280 --> 00:46:37.410
When I first learned about it, I thought, "Oh my gosh."

1022
00:46:37.410 --> 00:46:39.499
So I went through my cabinet

1023
00:46:39.499 --> 00:46:40.590
and had to pull some things out.

1024
00:46:40.590 --> 00:46:42.960
It was the same with microbeads.

1025
00:46:42.960 --> 00:46:45.330
So the more you know the better you can do.

1026
00:46:45.330 --> 00:46:46.980
<v Mark>All right, I will close the poll</v>

1027
00:46:46.980 --> 00:46:51.120
in about three, two and one.

1028
00:46:51.120 --> 00:46:53.220
So, here's what we have here.

1029
00:46:53.220 --> 00:46:57.690
We have about 40% is eating seafood sustainably.

1030
00:46:57.690 --> 00:46:58.920
I love to see that number.
<v ->Awesome.</v>

1031
00:46:58.920 --> 00:47:01.680
<v Mark>About 30% say use natural household cleaners,</v>

1032
00:47:01.680 --> 00:47:02.513
which is good.
<v ->Awesome.</v>

1033
00:47:02.513 --> 00:47:04.650
<v Mark>26% contributing to organizations</v>

1034
00:47:04.650 --> 00:47:06.660
like sanctuaries or aquariums,

1035
00:47:06.660 --> 00:47:09.420
and five percent checking for chondroitin and squalene.

1036
00:47:09.420 --> 00:47:10.253
That's impressive.

1037
00:47:10.253 --> 00:47:12.240
Good job, you guys.
<v ->Awesome.</v>

1038
00:47:12.240 --> 00:47:13.860
<v ->Keep it up.</v>

1039
00:47:13.860 --> 00:47:15.390
<v Mark>All right, back to you.</v>

1040
00:47:15.390 --> 00:47:16.650
<v ->Awesome.</v>

1041
00:47:16.650 --> 00:47:19.710
So hopefully what we've come to acknowledge

1042
00:47:19.710 --> 00:47:22.620
is that shipwrecks, when they originally happened,

1043
00:47:22.620 --> 00:47:25.140
obviously are very tragic for the folks

1044
00:47:25.140 --> 00:47:28.110
that are lost with the wrecks, as well as anything

1045
00:47:28.110 --> 00:47:30.510
that's negatively put into our environment.

1046
00:47:30.510 --> 00:47:33.300
But over time they can increase biodiversity,

1047
00:47:33.300 --> 00:47:35.850
especially off of the Atlantic Coast,

1048
00:47:35.850 --> 00:47:37.350
here in the Outer Banks.

1049
00:47:37.350 --> 00:47:40.710
And that as stewards of our environment,

1050
00:47:40.710 --> 00:47:42.240
that no matter where we live,

1051
00:47:42.240 --> 00:47:44.850
even if you're smack dab in the middle of Wyoming,

1052
00:47:44.850 --> 00:47:47.730
you can be marine conservationists and stewards

1053
00:47:47.730 --> 00:47:49.233
through your actions.

1054
00:47:50.430 --> 00:47:53.520
And I really wanna thank my partners and supporters

1055
00:47:53.520 --> 00:47:57.150
that have contributed their photos, details,

1056
00:47:57.150 --> 00:48:00.180
the work that they've done for this presentation

1057
00:48:00.180 --> 00:48:02.160
and the amazing things they're doing out there

1058
00:48:02.160 --> 00:48:04.620
to support our marine ecosystems

1059
00:48:04.620 --> 00:48:07.920
and keep these projects going and keep these habitats

1060
00:48:07.920 --> 00:48:10.440
and the species within them preserved,

1061
00:48:10.440 --> 00:48:12.300
as well as our cultural history,

1062
00:48:12.300 --> 00:48:14.580
because it's really important for us to understand

1063
00:48:14.580 --> 00:48:16.230
where we've been throughout time.

1064
00:48:17.700 --> 00:48:19.890
And I'm really glad to be the messenger,

1065
00:48:19.890 --> 00:48:21.570
but without the work of these folks

1066
00:48:21.570 --> 00:48:24.990
we wouldn't even be able to have these conversations.

1067
00:48:24.990 --> 00:48:28.140
And I thank you guys all for listening and tuning in

1068
00:48:28.140 --> 00:48:31.020
and I want to let you know that, feel free to reach out,

1069
00:48:31.020 --> 00:48:32.940
I'd love to hear from you.

1070
00:48:32.940 --> 00:48:33.773
And other than that,

1071
00:48:33.773 --> 00:48:36.420
I'll turn it over to Shannon and Mark for questions.

1072
00:48:36.420 --> 00:48:37.253
Thanks, guys.

1073
00:48:38.490 --> 00:48:40.050
<v Shannon>Absolutely, thank you.</v>

1074
00:48:40.050 --> 00:48:41.790
That was awesome, Cady.
<v ->Yeah.</v>

1075
00:48:41.790 --> 00:48:43.020
Thank you.
<v ->So now is the time</v>

1076
00:48:43.020 --> 00:48:45.630
to write in your questions if you haven't done so.

1077
00:48:45.630 --> 00:48:49.470
Also, if you haven't downloaded Cady's bio in the chat box,

1078
00:48:49.470 --> 00:48:51.210
you might want to do so now.

1079
00:48:51.210 --> 00:48:53.910
In that bio you're gonna find more information about Cady

1080
00:48:53.910 --> 00:48:56.760
and some links that might be of interest to you.

1081
00:48:56.760 --> 00:48:59.400
So Cady, I'm gonna start out with one of the questions

1082
00:48:59.400 --> 00:49:01.380
that we received.

1083
00:49:01.380 --> 00:49:02.480
It says...

1084
00:49:04.350 --> 00:49:06.450
Hold on, I had it and then we got a bunch more.

1085
00:49:06.450 --> 00:49:08.550
So, just a second.

1086
00:49:08.550 --> 00:49:09.810
<v ->No problem.</v>

1087
00:49:09.810 --> 00:49:12.360
<v Shannon>How does the taste and texture of lionfish</v>

1088
00:49:12.360 --> 00:49:14.253
compare to other cooked fish?

1089
00:49:15.204 --> 00:49:19.470
<v ->My understanding, ironically, I'm allergic to seafood,</v>

1090
00:49:19.470 --> 00:49:22.170
but what I've heard when I've helped process the lionfish

1091
00:49:22.170 --> 00:49:23.970
is that they're very palatable.

1092
00:49:23.970 --> 00:49:25.410
They're kind of a bland fish,

1093
00:49:25.410 --> 00:49:27.180
so it's really easy to season them

1094
00:49:27.180 --> 00:49:29.880
to whatever you want them to be in,

1095
00:49:29.880 --> 00:49:32.823
and it's more like a white, very mild white fish.

1096
00:49:34.350 --> 00:49:35.500
<v Shannon>Okay, Mark.</v>

1097
00:49:36.570 --> 00:49:37.800
<v Mark>All right, we actually have</v>

1098
00:49:37.800 --> 00:49:40.230
a couple questions about lionfish, but before we do that,

1099
00:49:40.230 --> 00:49:43.500
can I ask Shannon to give the presentation back to Cady

1100
00:49:43.500 --> 00:49:45.540
and if we could go back to your slide

1101
00:49:45.540 --> 00:49:48.300
about the shark tracking,

1102
00:49:48.300 --> 00:49:51.649
specifically the one about Crystal the tiger shark.

1103
00:49:51.649 --> 00:49:52.910
<v ->You wanna see Crystal, yeah.</v>
<v ->We have a couple questions</v>

1104
00:49:52.910 --> 00:49:54.634
in the chat about that.

1105
00:49:54.634 --> 00:49:55.980
<v ->Okay.</v>

1106
00:49:55.980 --> 00:49:57.003
Let's find Crystal.

1107
00:50:00.630 --> 00:50:01.920
Yeah, it's pretty amazing

1108
00:50:01.920 --> 00:50:03.720
what some of this technology can do.

1109
00:50:05.490 --> 00:50:06.640
I passed her, didn't I?

1110
00:50:11.805 --> 00:50:13.257
Now, I did not do this research

1111
00:50:13.257 --> 00:50:17.490
but I will do my best to answer your question.

1112
00:50:17.490 --> 00:50:20.010
<v Mark>So I'll just give them both to you now.</v>

1113
00:50:20.010 --> 00:50:21.060
But the questions are--
<v ->Okay.</v>

1114
00:50:21.060 --> 00:50:23.730
<v Mark>How do you know that Crystal is a sub-adult</v>

1115
00:50:23.730 --> 00:50:26.160
and why do you think she was headed out

1116
00:50:26.160 --> 00:50:28.560
into the ocean open ocean like that?

1117
00:50:28.560 --> 00:50:30.660
I can see that there's a track where she just

1118
00:50:30.660 --> 00:50:32.370
fires all the way out into the Atlantic Ocean

1119
00:50:32.370 --> 00:50:33.900
and heads right back.

1120
00:50:33.900 --> 00:50:38.880
<v ->Yeah, so if you look at the little kind of age thing</v>

1121
00:50:38.880 --> 00:50:41.857
that you're seeing there for "Young of Year,

1122
00:50:41.857 --> 00:50:43.860
"Juvenile, Sub-Adult, Adult,"

1123
00:50:43.860 --> 00:50:45.990
sometimes this is our best guess.

1124
00:50:45.990 --> 00:50:48.150
If we have an animal that's been tagged

1125
00:50:48.150 --> 00:50:52.830
and we know that it is like of the year or juvenile,

1126
00:50:52.830 --> 00:50:54.420
that might give us some more information.

1127
00:50:54.420 --> 00:50:57.750
But the biggest thing we're gonna look at is their size.

1128
00:50:57.750 --> 00:51:00.960
So if we have a good understanding on how long

1129
00:51:00.960 --> 00:51:04.620
or how much weight an animal should have,

1130
00:51:04.620 --> 00:51:06.870
that's gonna give us a good estimation

1131
00:51:06.870 --> 00:51:09.570
of where they are in their life cycle.

1132
00:51:09.570 --> 00:51:12.630
So if Crystal is maybe not,

1133
00:51:12.630 --> 00:51:14.400
I don't know how big tiger sharks get,

1134
00:51:14.400 --> 00:51:16.050
but because she's 608 pounds

1135
00:51:16.050 --> 00:51:17.460
and she's being called a sub-adult,

1136
00:51:17.460 --> 00:51:20.250
I'm gonna assume they probably get much heavier,

1137
00:51:20.250 --> 00:51:23.190
like 900 to a thousand pounds or so.

1138
00:51:23.190 --> 00:51:24.660
That's a an estimate.

1139
00:51:24.660 --> 00:51:26.070
So because she is smaller,

1140
00:51:26.070 --> 00:51:28.110
that would be the best guess of sub-adult.

1141
00:51:28.110 --> 00:51:30.840
They can also look at body condition, right?

1142
00:51:30.840 --> 00:51:34.320
Do they look like they've been part of,

1143
00:51:34.320 --> 00:51:36.660
you know, they have a lot of scarring or whatnot,

1144
00:51:36.660 --> 00:51:37.493
things like that.

1145
00:51:37.493 --> 00:51:40.260
So looking at the condition of that animal and the size

1146
00:51:40.260 --> 00:51:42.900
can give us a really good guess of how old they are

1147
00:51:42.900 --> 00:51:45.150
unless we know because we have tagged that animal

1148
00:51:45.150 --> 00:51:46.650
a long time ago.

1149
00:51:46.650 --> 00:51:47.883
Great question.

1150
00:51:47.883 --> 00:51:49.980
We have to do that with our sea turtles here too.

1151
00:51:49.980 --> 00:51:53.190
And why do I think she's going out into the open ocean?

1152
00:51:53.190 --> 00:51:55.260
That is a great question,

1153
00:51:55.260 --> 00:51:58.200
and it'll depend on the species of shark.

1154
00:51:58.200 --> 00:51:59.940
We might know, we might not know.

1155
00:51:59.940 --> 00:52:02.250
So some sharks are gonna go out into the open ocean

1156
00:52:02.250 --> 00:52:04.170
because they are migrating.

1157
00:52:04.170 --> 00:52:06.300
Some sharks are gonna migrate based on the weather

1158
00:52:06.300 --> 00:52:09.000
or to follow food availability.

1159
00:52:09.000 --> 00:52:12.030
So here, in the Outer Banks, we technically have a winter,

1160
00:52:12.030 --> 00:52:14.970
but being from the North, I wouldn't call it quite winter

1161
00:52:14.970 --> 00:52:16.350
like we have up there,

1162
00:52:16.350 --> 00:52:18.630
but when the water temperature changes,

1163
00:52:18.630 --> 00:52:21.960
that might change food availability or it might change

1164
00:52:21.960 --> 00:52:26.430
the shark's ability to tolerate that water situation.

1165
00:52:26.430 --> 00:52:27.870
It could also be for mating.

1166
00:52:27.870 --> 00:52:30.300
So if that animal is solitary,

1167
00:52:30.300 --> 00:52:31.680
usually unless they need to mate,

1168
00:52:31.680 --> 00:52:36.390
it might need to travel to find a male to then reproduce.

1169
00:52:36.390 --> 00:52:38.370
So I'm not positive for a tiger shark

1170
00:52:38.370 --> 00:52:41.760
what would be their incentive or their motive to go,

1171
00:52:41.760 --> 00:52:43.710
but those would be my best two guesses.

1172
00:52:45.180 --> 00:52:47.580
<v Shannon>Okay, so another one,</v>

1173
00:52:47.580 --> 00:52:48.580
I'm gonna take the screen back from you.

1174
00:52:48.580 --> 00:52:50.100
<v ->Okay.</v>
<v ->But another question</v>

1175
00:52:50.100 --> 00:52:51.753
that we have is,

1176
00:52:53.190 --> 00:52:56.553
what preys on lionfish in their native environment?

1177
00:52:57.570 --> 00:53:01.860
<v ->That is a great question and, you know, I am not sure</v>

1178
00:53:01.860 --> 00:53:03.660
but I will try to find out.

1179
00:53:03.660 --> 00:53:05.580
Mark or Shannon, do you know?

1180
00:53:05.580 --> 00:53:07.110
<v Shannon>I do not know.</v>

1181
00:53:07.110 --> 00:53:08.580
<v ->I'm gonna have to look that one up.</v>

1182
00:53:08.580 --> 00:53:10.890
What preys on lionfish?

1183
00:53:10.890 --> 00:53:13.590
And I'd say probably there is also

1184
00:53:13.590 --> 00:53:17.850
better preying on their eggs, potentially.

1185
00:53:17.850 --> 00:53:20.550
I'd say that's the best time to get at a lionfish.

1186
00:53:20.550 --> 00:53:24.070
But, yeah, I'll have to look into that one.

1187
00:53:24.070 --> 00:53:24.903
<v Shannon>Okay.</v>

1188
00:53:24.903 --> 00:53:27.210
<v Mark>I have kind of a follow up question.</v>

1189
00:53:27.210 --> 00:53:28.043
<v ->Yeah.</v>

1190
00:53:28.043 --> 00:53:31.860
<v Mark>But are we seeing any species around here</v>

1191
00:53:31.860 --> 00:53:33.750
that have started to work on that,

1192
00:53:33.750 --> 00:53:36.510
that have started to fill that niche on preying on lionfish,

1193
00:53:36.510 --> 00:53:38.250
or at least on the juvenile lionfish?

1194
00:53:38.250 --> 00:53:40.380
Is that something we're starting to see here?

1195
00:53:40.380 --> 00:53:41.670
<v ->Not to my knowledge.</v>

1196
00:53:41.670 --> 00:53:44.850
Besides the humans going in and mitigating those adults,

1197
00:53:44.850 --> 00:53:46.830
the eggs can obviously be consumed

1198
00:53:46.830 --> 00:53:49.560
because they are not gonna have those venomous spines.

1199
00:53:49.560 --> 00:53:52.170
But most animals that I know of around here,

1200
00:53:52.170 --> 00:53:54.390
even the sharks, don't want anything to do with them

1201
00:53:54.390 --> 00:53:56.670
because of those venomous spines.

1202
00:53:56.670 --> 00:53:59.070
And they're nocturnal hunters, primarily,

1203
00:53:59.070 --> 00:54:00.840
so a lot of the time during the day

1204
00:54:00.840 --> 00:54:02.820
they might be blending in and camouflaging

1205
00:54:02.820 --> 00:54:04.560
with that reef ecosystem,

1206
00:54:04.560 --> 00:54:06.180
and they can kind of just sit there and hover.

1207
00:54:06.180 --> 00:54:07.650
They don't have to swim to breathe.

1208
00:54:07.650 --> 00:54:09.330
So if they're well concealed,

1209
00:54:09.330 --> 00:54:12.570
and then they have that really protective spine,

1210
00:54:12.570 --> 00:54:15.360
they just don't have a lot coming after them

1211
00:54:15.360 --> 00:54:16.743
here in our ecosystems.

1212
00:54:18.150 --> 00:54:19.770
<v Shannon>Okay, and I think the last question</v>

1213
00:54:19.770 --> 00:54:20.670
we have time for,

1214
00:54:20.670 --> 00:54:23.550
and there's a lot of really great questions in here,

1215
00:54:23.550 --> 00:54:25.770
but I think we have more time for one more.

1216
00:54:25.770 --> 00:54:27.090
<v ->Okay.</v>
<v ->It says,</v>

1217
00:54:27.090 --> 00:54:30.900
what role do you see learning being used in,

1218
00:54:30.900 --> 00:54:34.200
machine learning, being used in shark photo identification?

1219
00:54:34.200 --> 00:54:35.910
So is there computer programs

1220
00:54:35.910 --> 00:54:38.130
that might be able to help with that?

1221
00:54:38.130 --> 00:54:41.370
<v ->Yeah, so for Spot-a-shark, they will use algorithms</v>

1222
00:54:41.370 --> 00:54:44.700
to help understand and identify those spot patterns.

1223
00:54:44.700 --> 00:54:46.560
So it's not just the researchers

1224
00:54:46.560 --> 00:54:48.600
who are looking at those spot patterns,

1225
00:54:48.600 --> 00:54:50.910
but also the computers helping do the work

1226
00:54:50.910 --> 00:54:52.980
by trying to match the different spot patterns.

1227
00:54:52.980 --> 00:54:55.200
But we need that human as well,

1228
00:54:55.200 --> 00:54:57.000
because sometimes we'll see,

1229
00:54:57.000 --> 00:54:59.040
like that little three line that I pointed out,

1230
00:54:59.040 --> 00:55:01.800
sometimes you'll have an animal that has that

1231
00:55:01.800 --> 00:55:03.060
and another individual has it,

1232
00:55:03.060 --> 00:55:05.310
but the rest of the pattern doesn't match.

1233
00:55:05.310 --> 00:55:09.390
So, I think as we have more sophisticated machines

1234
00:55:09.390 --> 00:55:13.470
and technology, it could be improved to do it itself,

1235
00:55:13.470 --> 00:55:17.100
but it is definitely being used as well right now.

1236
00:55:17.100 --> 00:55:19.080
<v ->Okay, thank you.</v>
<v ->And the really cool thing,</v>

1237
00:55:19.080 --> 00:55:20.100
sorry, Shannon,

1238
00:55:20.100 --> 00:55:21.870
is how they take the photos

1239
00:55:21.870 --> 00:55:24.420
and also how we are kind of looking at

1240
00:55:24.420 --> 00:55:26.250
the size of the animal.

1241
00:55:26.250 --> 00:55:28.110
If you saw that photo

1242
00:55:28.110 --> 00:55:30.660
in the Graveyard of the Atlantic habitat,

1243
00:55:30.660 --> 00:55:32.220
what we do is we take the camera,

1244
00:55:32.220 --> 00:55:34.740
and attach to the camera are like two lasers

1245
00:55:34.740 --> 00:55:38.340
and then the lasers are at a set distance from one another

1246
00:55:38.340 --> 00:55:41.430
and then those lasers are then projected on the animal,

1247
00:55:41.430 --> 00:55:44.730
and based on, we know how far apart they are here,

1248
00:55:44.730 --> 00:55:46.620
looking at how far apart they are on the animal,

1249
00:55:46.620 --> 00:55:49.980
we can then calculate how long that animal is.

1250
00:55:49.980 --> 00:55:51.870
So that's another cool piece of technology

1251
00:55:51.870 --> 00:55:55.410
that's helping us get more intricate data.

1252
00:55:55.410 --> 00:55:56.290
<v Shannon>Very good.</v>

1253
00:55:56.290 --> 00:55:57.423
<v ->Yeah.</v>
<v ->All right.</v>

1254
00:56:00.390 --> 00:56:01.863
<v Shannon>Okay, Mark?</v>

1255
00:56:04.980 --> 00:56:09.180
<v Mark>All right, so if we did not get to your question,</v>

1256
00:56:09.180 --> 00:56:11.190
and there are a lot that we didn't get to,

1257
00:56:11.190 --> 00:56:13.740
and these are all really great questions,

1258
00:56:13.740 --> 00:56:16.680
you are free to send them to Cady at this email address,

1259
00:56:16.680 --> 00:56:18.300
listed here on this slide.

1260
00:56:18.300 --> 00:56:20.160
And you can also learn more about

1261
00:56:20.160 --> 00:56:22.800
the North Carolina Aquarium System on Roanoke Island

1262
00:56:22.800 --> 00:56:25.533
at the URL listed here at the bottom of the slide.

1263
00:56:28.590 --> 00:56:30.360
<v Shannon>Video recording of this presentation</v>

1264
00:56:30.360 --> 00:56:34.170
will be available on the Sanctuaries' Webinar Archives page

1265
00:56:34.170 --> 00:56:36.900
found at the URL that's listed here at the top.

1266
00:56:36.900 --> 00:56:38.280
It's a long one, don't worry about it.

1267
00:56:38.280 --> 00:56:40.230
We're gonna send it to you.

1268
00:56:40.230 --> 00:56:42.150
In addition, the webinar will be archived

1269
00:56:42.150 --> 00:56:45.360
on the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary's website.

1270
00:56:45.360 --> 00:56:47.660
You're just gonna click on the "Multimedia Section"

1271
00:56:47.660 --> 00:56:50.010
in the toolbar to access the webinar box.

1272
00:56:50.010 --> 00:56:52.830
It usually takes us about a week to 10 days

1273
00:56:52.830 --> 00:56:56.040
to get the video posted because we also have it captioned.

1274
00:56:56.040 --> 00:56:58.410
You will also be able to find all future webinars

1275
00:56:58.410 --> 00:56:59.400
in that same section.

1276
00:56:59.400 --> 00:57:00.570
And, don't worry, as I said,

1277
00:57:00.570 --> 00:57:03.000
we're gonna send all of this to you in an email

1278
00:57:03.000 --> 00:57:05.643
once the recording is ready for you to view.

1279
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<v Mark>And, of course, we invite you</v>

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to follow us on social media.

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You can tag us in your favorite lionfish recipes,

1282
00:57:12.780 --> 00:57:14.940
or follow us on Facebook and Twitter

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00:57:14.940 --> 00:57:16.890
to stay in touch with what's happening next

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in our National Marine Sanctuary System

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and what our next emergency webinar will be.

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<v Shannon>And, lastly, as you exit the webinar,</v>

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there is a short survey for formal and informal educators.

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If you are an educator,

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00:57:29.880 --> 00:57:31.590
NOAA would really appreciate it if you would

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00:57:31.590 --> 00:57:33.660
just take a minute or two to complete the survey.

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Your answers will help us develop

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future webinars to meet your needs

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and your participation is always voluntary

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and your answers will be completely anonymous.

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Once again, we want to thank you, Cady,

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for a fabulous presentation

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and thank everyone out there for taking the time

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to join us today.

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Have a wonderful day and this concludes the presentation.

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Bye, everyone.

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<v ->Thanks, guys.</v>