WEBVTT

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[Shannon Ricles] All right, hi everyone.

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Thank you for joining us today

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for our webinar

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featuring The Historic Cemetery Landscape

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of the North Carolina Coast.

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I'm Shannon Ricles.

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I'm going be your host today.

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I'm the Education and Outreach Coordinator

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for Monitor and Mallows Bay National Marine Sanctuaries.

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This webinar is brought to you by

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NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary

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in collaboration with

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the North Carolina Office of State Archeology.

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Partnering since 1975,

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NOAA and the state of North Carolina

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work to research, honor,

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and protect the hallmarks of North Carolina's

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underwater cultural resources,

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which are shipwrecks.

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These shipwrecks hold information about the ever-changing

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technologies and cultural and physical landscapes.

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They serve as a uniquely accessible underwater museum

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and a memorial to generations

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of mariners who lived,

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died, and fought

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and worked off our shores.

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Now, this is one of the many webinars we have hosted

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and will host

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in the future,

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for the "Submerged North Carolina Webinar Series."

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And we hope that you can join us for future ones.

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Now, Monitor is just one of 15

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national marine sanctuaries

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and two marine national monuments

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in the National Marine Sanctuary System.

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The system encompasses more than 620,000 square miles

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of marine and Great Lakes waters

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from Washington state

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to the Florida Keys,

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and from Lake Huron to American Samoa.

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Now, during the presentation,

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all attendees will be in listen-only mode.

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You are welcome to type questions

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for the presenter

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into the question box

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at the bottom

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of the control panel

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on the right-hand side of your screen.

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Now, this is also the area

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that you can let us know about any technical issues

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that you might be having,

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that we can help with.

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We'll be monitoring

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the incoming questions and technical issues,

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and we'll respond just as soon as we can.

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We are recording this session

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and we'll share the recording with registered participants

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via the Webinar Archive page,

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and a URL for that webpage

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will be provided at the end of the presentation.

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So, without further ado,

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I'd like to welcome Melissa Timo,

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a historic cemetery specialist

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with the North Carolina Office of State Archeology.

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And Melissa, I'm now gonna change presenters

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and turn it over to you.

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[Melissa Timo] Thank you very much.

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And change this.

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All right, thank you very much for having me.

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Thank you very much for attending today.

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We are going to be

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getting our feet slightly out of the water

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and talking about my strange little niche of archeology

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and that's historic cemeteries.

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And then, historic cemeteries,

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I'm talking about

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the time period between

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the 18th century

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and the beginning of the 20th century.

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And we are going to

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sort of take a road trip

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up and down the coast

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to see the different trends and landscapes

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of North Carolina's historic cemeteries.

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What did they look like in North Carolina?

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And some of the concerns we're facing with cemeteries

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in this sort of

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environmentally sensitive part of the state.

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So we're gonna start out with sort of the early days,

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and so what do we see in the oldest of the

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sort of post-contact European-American,

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European cemeteries in North Carolina?

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And one really great example is,

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here in Edenton, North Carolina.

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You can see,

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I will include maps

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where a lot of these places are,

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if you're not from North Carolina,

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you aren't really sure

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where these are.

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St. Paul's is a fantastic church

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and churchyard in downtown Edenton,

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established at the beginning of the,

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beginning of the 18th century.

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And we do see

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a lot of the same sort of

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types and motifs

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that we might see

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in other cemeteries of the same time period,

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from places that you may

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more readily recognize them from.

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Places like Boston or Philadelphia,

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where these high-style trends

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that evolved over time.

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We see, especially if you go to

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some of the great cemeteries in Boston,

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this is really a great,

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easy place to see

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the evolution and is really readily studied,

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and it sort of goes from the sort of

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skull and crossbones

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to a cherub's head,

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to the urn and willow.

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And these are

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motifs that are reflecting the cultural

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beliefs at the time,

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from the hard reality

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of life and death,

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from the earliest colonization period

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to the age of enlightenment

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and the softening

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of the idea of

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life and religion and death,

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to all the way to

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the Victoriana, heavily-invested black mourning,

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lots of really

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unflexible traditions that are associated with

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death and survivors of those who've passed away.

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And may or may not be surprising that we do see these

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down in North Carolina as well,

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especially on our coast.

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So you can see on the right we have both the cherub,

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as well as the urn and willow

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as we move into the early 19th century.

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But we also,

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at these coastal towns,

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see some of the oldest families

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and the established wealth.

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And we also see beautiful, really ornate

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Victorian era headstones like this one

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in a B. Cox, B.P. Cox,

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with all of its,

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there's this tradition in Victorian era of floriography,

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which is the study,

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the language of flowers.

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Every flower, every symbol has a meaning.

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And you can

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spell out all kinds of wonderful sentiments

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or cast all kinds of insults

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just by the type of flowers that you use.

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And we see this

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very floral, very elaborate tradition continued

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in our coastal cemeteries.

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For example, you can see this one is

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very large, it's taller than I am,

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and it is,

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got all kinds of flowers

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and an urn

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that used to sit at the top

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that you can see in the right-hand picture.

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Interesting to note though,

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Ann's headstone, the epitaph,

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has almost nothing to do with her.

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Most of the writing is talking about her grandfather

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who was Colonel Edward Buncombe,

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who was a Revolutionary War soldier.

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And what Buncombe County,

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where Asheville is,

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was named after.

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So her entire

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headstone is about her grandfather,

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but it does note that she was a wife

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most kind, affectionate and confiding.

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So that comes with the territory for

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women in the earliest time periods,

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it was a reflection of the men in their lives.

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And so, it's interesting because we can learn about

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their family structures

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and who they're related to.

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But again, the women,

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children, minority communities

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have less details about themselves,

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which makes the research

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and the community outreach

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all that more important when using

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cemeteries like this

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for genealogical purposes.

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And again, like I said,

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seeing these trends

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does not necessarily,

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should not necessarily be

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surprising along the coast because

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we do see

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the settlement reflecting,

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the period of settlement along the coast reflecting

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the same period up

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in the northeastern part of the country.

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So all of these things would be

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coming in from other places,

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and we can see how they might be influenced.

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However, this changes over time

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as North Carolina stretches out

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towards the mountains

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and developed its own identity

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and starts tapping into its own resources.

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Another thing we see

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along the coast that we don't see

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in places like Boston or New York or Philadelphia

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are the landscape differences.

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And, of course, we have the beautiful live oak trees

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and wild plants

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that are native to

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the coastal North Carolina.

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And these really affect both the way they feel,

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the way people treat these cemeteries

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and as well as how they survive over time.

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And we'll talk a little bit about that

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later on in the presentation.

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But this is a really great example,

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the Old Burying Ground in Beaufort, North Carolina,

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down further on the coast,

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sort of central coast of North Carolina.

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This is also an older cemetery,

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but this cemetery,

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there is a gap between

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the oldest headstones

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and when it was first established.

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There's a whole section where we

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believe that the earliest

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burials were interred.

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However, they don't have markers,

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and that's not surprising

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'cause a lot of older markers may not have survived,

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or they may have been made of perishable materials

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like wood, that would've eroded in the

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environment of the coastal climates.

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But it is a beautiful cemetery.

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It has lots of great examples,

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has that very southern gothic feel

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and it is definitely

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a place worth visiting.

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We do see it a

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range of stone types,

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headstone types and styles,

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including these great

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sort of grave houses that I'll talk about in a minute,

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as well as a lot of this

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decorative curbing to outline the graves.

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We also have a lot of great stories in this cemetery,

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everything from sailors and merchants.

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Otway Burns was a

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war of 1812

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hero and you can see his

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grave definitely screams soldier.

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There's even stories about,

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say, children that have passed away

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on ocean voyages.

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There's a famous story of a little girl

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who passed away

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and her father promised to return her remains home

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and he put her in a barrel of rum,

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so the story goes,

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in order that she would be able to be

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re-interred in Beaufort.

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And so, there are lots of great reflections

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of the maritime heritage,

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the coastal trade and navigation

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of the waters

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along North Carolina's coast,

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reflected within the cemetery itself.

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As we move

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sort of away from the urban centers and into

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sort of the

284
00:10:44.460 --> 00:10:48.150
rural areas where plantations developed,

285
00:10:48.150 --> 00:10:49.440
we do see,

286
00:10:49.440 --> 00:10:51.840
again, some of these high-style

287
00:10:51.840 --> 00:10:54.900
markers that we might see in other big cities

288
00:10:54.900 --> 00:10:56.970
because these are associated,

289
00:10:56.970 --> 00:10:58.890
commonly associated, with those who

290
00:10:58.890 --> 00:11:00.390
owned the plantation.

291
00:11:00.390 --> 00:11:04.260
So, they have a high level of wealth.

292
00:11:04.260 --> 00:11:07.200
This one in particular is associated,

293
00:11:07.200 --> 00:11:09.840
you can find it within Pettigrew State Park

294
00:11:09.840 --> 00:11:11.580
near Lake Phelps,

295
00:11:11.580 --> 00:11:12.990
there you can see.

296
00:11:12.990 --> 00:11:13.920
And it has

297
00:11:13.920 --> 00:11:15.180
a lot of

298
00:11:15.180 --> 00:11:17.220
beautiful, very expensive,

299
00:11:17.220 --> 00:11:20.580
probably imported from other parts, markers.

300
00:11:20.580 --> 00:11:22.590
However, it is noted that

301
00:11:22.590 --> 00:11:25.500
not all of the interments

302
00:11:25.500 --> 00:11:26.640
in this cemetery

303
00:11:26.640 --> 00:11:27.720
are marked with a grave.

304
00:11:27.720 --> 00:11:29.550
And this is not because

305
00:11:29.550 --> 00:11:31.680
they were had temporary markers

306
00:11:31.680 --> 00:11:33.960
or impermanent markers.

307
00:11:33.960 --> 00:11:36.060
The stories, the research, shows

308
00:11:36.060 --> 00:11:38.940
that these burials come from the most recent time period,

309
00:11:38.940 --> 00:11:40.680
into the late 19th century.

310
00:11:40.680 --> 00:11:43.020
And this is a period where the family,

311
00:11:43.020 --> 00:11:43.980
after the Civil War,

312
00:11:43.980 --> 00:11:45.330
did not have

313
00:11:45.330 --> 00:11:48.300
the wealth level as they did before the Civil War.

314
00:11:48.300 --> 00:11:49.770
And so, those people

315
00:11:49.770 --> 00:11:51.360
did not receive a marker

316
00:11:51.360 --> 00:11:53.460
because there wasn't the financial means

317
00:11:53.460 --> 00:11:55.260
to purchase one.

318
00:11:55.260 --> 00:11:58.110
Another thing that's very interesting about

319
00:11:58.110 --> 00:12:00.990
this cemetery, and it's tied to the landscape,

320
00:12:00.990 --> 00:12:03.300
is the fact that it is close to water.

321
00:12:03.300 --> 00:12:05.220
And so, this is

322
00:12:05.220 --> 00:12:08.610
an artificially-raised cemetery

323
00:12:08.610 --> 00:12:11.250
with a retaining wall around

324
00:12:11.250 --> 00:12:12.900
the entire perimeter,

325
00:12:12.900 --> 00:12:14.380
to keep it above sort of

326
00:12:15.732 --> 00:12:17.670
the water table and the flood zone

327
00:12:17.670 --> 00:12:19.260
of that area.

328
00:12:19.260 --> 00:12:21.000
And this is

329
00:12:21.000 --> 00:12:23.940
one thing that I like to talk to people about,

330
00:12:23.940 --> 00:12:27.000
the tie of

331
00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:29.907
a cemetery as being more than a place

332
00:12:29.907 --> 00:12:31.500
and more than a landscape.

333
00:12:31.500 --> 00:12:32.370
It's sort of both.

334
00:12:32.370 --> 00:12:35.130
It's this cultural

335
00:12:35.130 --> 00:12:37.210
landscape in which

336
00:12:38.940 --> 00:12:42.390
it's just a patch of grass and yet it is not.

337
00:12:42.390 --> 00:12:43.800
It's not just a site,

338
00:12:43.800 --> 00:12:45.330
it's not just an archeology site,

339
00:12:45.330 --> 00:12:46.770
it's not just a shipwreck,

340
00:12:46.770 --> 00:12:49.500
it's also the receptacle for human remains.

341
00:12:49.500 --> 00:12:53.430
So, cemetery landscapes are felt.

342
00:12:53.430 --> 00:12:55.530
People feel much differently about them

343
00:12:55.530 --> 00:12:57.150
than, say, even the

344
00:12:57.150 --> 00:12:59.880
yard of someone's ancestral home,

345
00:12:59.880 --> 00:13:02.190
because there is so much more meaning

346
00:13:02.190 --> 00:13:05.817
and symbolism attributed to these places.

347
00:13:05.817 --> 00:13:08.250
And so, it's important as we think about,

348
00:13:08.250 --> 00:13:10.410
especially long-term management

349
00:13:10.410 --> 00:13:12.360
of these historic cemeteries,

350
00:13:12.360 --> 00:13:14.880
that we take into account the entire landscape.

351
00:13:14.880 --> 00:13:16.290
And that entire landscape

352
00:13:16.290 --> 00:13:18.060
does include the natural elements,

353
00:13:18.060 --> 00:13:18.930
and along the coast,

354
00:13:18.930 --> 00:13:20.940
that's the water in the plants.

355
00:13:20.940 --> 00:13:21.840
And we'll talk more,

356
00:13:21.840 --> 00:13:23.640
we'll see more examples of why this is,

357
00:13:23.640 --> 00:13:26.880
additionally important later on in the presentation.

358
00:13:26.880 --> 00:13:28.080
Another thing that we see

359
00:13:28.080 --> 00:13:29.070
along the coast,

360
00:13:29.070 --> 00:13:29.903
in some areas,

361
00:13:29.903 --> 00:13:30.736
are these things

362
00:13:30.736 --> 00:13:31.890
called grave houses

363
00:13:31.890 --> 00:13:33.270
or grave shelters.

364
00:13:33.270 --> 00:13:34.390
Now, this is a

365
00:13:35.400 --> 00:13:37.890
structure constructed over a grave

366
00:13:37.890 --> 00:13:39.240
that we often

367
00:13:39.240 --> 00:13:41.310
find attributed to

368
00:13:41.310 --> 00:13:43.290
sort of the mountainous part of the state

369
00:13:43.290 --> 00:13:44.580
or to Tennessee.

370
00:13:44.580 --> 00:13:47.460
They're often called Appalachian grave houses.

371
00:13:47.460 --> 00:13:51.510
These are semi-impermanent.

372
00:13:51.510 --> 00:13:52.980
They're substantial structures,

373
00:13:52.980 --> 00:13:55.980
but they're often made of things like wood.

374
00:13:55.980 --> 00:13:57.420
There is a lot of

375
00:13:57.420 --> 00:14:00.540
questions about why these were constructed,

376
00:14:00.540 --> 00:14:01.680
why this became

377
00:14:01.680 --> 00:14:03.240
the thing to do.

378
00:14:03.240 --> 00:14:04.953
Part of the idea,

379
00:14:06.270 --> 00:14:08.850
possibly linking to

380
00:14:08.850 --> 00:14:10.290
these ones from

381
00:14:10.290 --> 00:14:11.823
Old Beaufort Burying Ground,

382
00:14:12.930 --> 00:14:14.250
ties back to

383
00:14:14.250 --> 00:14:16.140
European traditions of

384
00:14:16.140 --> 00:14:18.720
grave houses, grave structures,

385
00:14:18.720 --> 00:14:21.810
especially associated with Catholic cemeteries.

386
00:14:21.810 --> 00:14:24.540
There are other thoughts that they might have been

387
00:14:24.540 --> 00:14:26.400
to keep out the weather

388
00:14:26.400 --> 00:14:27.510
or to keep

389
00:14:27.510 --> 00:14:28.620
livestock at bay,

390
00:14:28.620 --> 00:14:30.780
so that livestock don't trample the graves

391
00:14:30.780 --> 00:14:32.070
'cause we have a lot of

392
00:14:32.070 --> 00:14:34.320
rural parts of the state where

393
00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:36.780
livestock is a problem.

394
00:14:36.780 --> 00:14:38.010
I think that

395
00:14:38.010 --> 00:14:40.290
it feels probably, more to me,

396
00:14:40.290 --> 00:14:42.150
that the ones that we see along the coast,

397
00:14:42.150 --> 00:14:44.370
especially like the ones you see on the right

398
00:14:44.370 --> 00:14:45.720
from Currituck County,

399
00:14:45.720 --> 00:14:46.980
that they are

400
00:14:46.980 --> 00:14:49.110
probably tied to the weather.

401
00:14:49.110 --> 00:14:51.300
But it's interesting to see that these are

402
00:14:51.300 --> 00:14:52.980
made of stone and metal

403
00:14:52.980 --> 00:14:54.450
instead of wood.

404
00:14:54.450 --> 00:14:56.190
Is that survivor-bias,

405
00:14:56.190 --> 00:14:59.010
that only these metal ones survive

406
00:14:59.010 --> 00:15:00.750
'cause metal does better?

407
00:15:00.750 --> 00:15:03.030
Or was this a

408
00:15:03.030 --> 00:15:07.080
specific and purposeful choice

409
00:15:07.080 --> 00:15:08.550
by people along the coast?

410
00:15:08.550 --> 00:15:09.870
And I think that's a topic that

411
00:15:09.870 --> 00:15:12.180
deserves more research

412
00:15:12.180 --> 00:15:13.170
'cause these things

413
00:15:13.170 --> 00:15:14.070
don't stick around,

414
00:15:14.070 --> 00:15:17.310
especially now into the 21st century.

415
00:15:17.310 --> 00:15:20.220
So, it's important to research these things

416
00:15:20.220 --> 00:15:21.663
while we can.

417
00:15:22.620 --> 00:15:23.640
Next, we're gonna

418
00:15:23.640 --> 00:15:25.497
take our road trip to England,

419
00:15:25.497 --> 00:15:26.770
and that might seem

420
00:15:28.710 --> 00:15:30.810
not North Carolina coast,

421
00:15:30.810 --> 00:15:33.270
but we can actually visit England

422
00:15:33.270 --> 00:15:35.880
on Ocracoke, in Hyde County

423
00:15:35.880 --> 00:15:37.680
on the Outer Banks.

424
00:15:37.680 --> 00:15:41.100
This is a really interesting cemetery

425
00:15:41.100 --> 00:15:43.890
tied to a 20th century event,

426
00:15:43.890 --> 00:15:46.590
and that is tied to

427
00:15:46.590 --> 00:15:47.550
sort of the

428
00:15:47.550 --> 00:15:51.810
marine sanctuary and the idea of Torpedo Alley

429
00:15:51.810 --> 00:15:53.670
during the 1940s

430
00:15:53.670 --> 00:15:55.950
and World War II.

431
00:15:55.950 --> 00:15:58.383
During the 1940s,

432
00:15:59.220 --> 00:16:00.450
we had a lot,

433
00:16:00.450 --> 00:16:01.440
as you may know,

434
00:16:01.440 --> 00:16:03.720
if you pay attention to

435
00:16:03.720 --> 00:16:05.100
all the other wonderful work

436
00:16:05.100 --> 00:16:08.130
and outreach that the marine sanctuaries do

437
00:16:08.130 --> 00:16:10.410
here on the East Coast,

438
00:16:10.410 --> 00:16:15.410
that this was a hot spot for a lot of U-boat activity

439
00:16:15.990 --> 00:16:18.030
trying to stop

440
00:16:18.030 --> 00:16:19.620
the supply chains

441
00:16:19.620 --> 00:16:24.620
and the support for the Allied forces during the war.

442
00:16:24.990 --> 00:16:29.010
And so, there was a lot of exchange of gunfire,

443
00:16:29.010 --> 00:16:30.600
a lot of naval battles that happened

444
00:16:30.600 --> 00:16:31.890
off the coast of North Carolina,

445
00:16:31.890 --> 00:16:34.020
the Graveyard of the Atlantic.

446
00:16:34.020 --> 00:16:36.210
And one of those has to do with

447
00:16:36.210 --> 00:16:38.850
the HMT Bedfordshire,

448
00:16:38.850 --> 00:16:40.950
which was a

449
00:16:40.950 --> 00:16:43.260
ship that was here specifically to help protect

450
00:16:43.260 --> 00:16:44.700
the North Carolina coast.

451
00:16:44.700 --> 00:16:46.770
But it was sunk by a

452
00:16:46.770 --> 00:16:49.320
U-boat in May of 1942,

453
00:16:49.320 --> 00:16:50.640
and all 37

454
00:16:50.640 --> 00:16:52.800
of its crew perished,

455
00:16:52.800 --> 00:16:55.020
and most of them were lost at sea,

456
00:16:55.020 --> 00:16:57.450
but a handful made it to shore.

457
00:16:57.450 --> 00:16:59.910
The residents of Ocracoke did

458
00:16:59.910 --> 00:17:01.950
find those gentlemen

459
00:17:01.950 --> 00:17:04.170
and buried them quietly

460
00:17:04.170 --> 00:17:06.810
in their own plots

461
00:17:06.810 --> 00:17:07.953
on the island,

462
00:17:09.570 --> 00:17:11.790
that area, that British cemetery,

463
00:17:11.790 --> 00:17:13.110
as it's now known,

464
00:17:13.110 --> 00:17:15.750
was leased in perpetuity

465
00:17:15.750 --> 00:17:17.430
to the Commonwealth of England,

466
00:17:17.430 --> 00:17:20.310
so that there should always be

467
00:17:20.310 --> 00:17:22.020
a forever corner of England

468
00:17:22.020 --> 00:17:23.160
that these gentlemen

469
00:17:23.160 --> 00:17:26.100
are buried in.

470
00:17:26.100 --> 00:17:30.240
Unless the British government decides to bring them home,

471
00:17:30.240 --> 00:17:32.760
they will always have a little piece of home here

472
00:17:32.760 --> 00:17:34.893
on the barrier islands of North Carolina.

473
00:17:37.200 --> 00:17:38.400
Now, we're going to move

474
00:17:38.400 --> 00:17:39.840
back up the coast

475
00:17:39.840 --> 00:17:41.130
to Currituck County,

476
00:17:41.130 --> 00:17:42.510
which is way up north,

477
00:17:42.510 --> 00:17:44.280
near the Virginia border there.

478
00:17:44.280 --> 00:17:45.930
And this is

479
00:17:45.930 --> 00:17:48.870
another thing that we see happen to our older cemeteries,

480
00:17:48.870 --> 00:17:51.600
and that's impacting by human activities.

481
00:17:51.600 --> 00:17:55.350
And this particular cemetery

482
00:17:55.350 --> 00:17:58.143
is sort of an interesting case.

483
00:17:59.799 --> 00:18:00.780
A few years ago,

484
00:18:00.780 --> 00:18:03.600
there was a development being,

485
00:18:03.600 --> 00:18:05.340
a subdivision being built

486
00:18:05.340 --> 00:18:06.900
in Currituck County,

487
00:18:06.900 --> 00:18:08.610
and there was a cemetery.

488
00:18:08.610 --> 00:18:11.160
Well, at least we knew it was some sort of a cemetery

489
00:18:11.160 --> 00:18:14.070
because there was one headstone.

490
00:18:14.070 --> 00:18:16.020
But is that one headstone?

491
00:18:16.020 --> 00:18:18.750
Or is that a whole cemetery?

492
00:18:18.750 --> 00:18:20.610
Cemeteries are sort of sneaky like that,

493
00:18:20.610 --> 00:18:21.840
especially older ones,

494
00:18:21.840 --> 00:18:25.620
because headstones disappear over time.

495
00:18:25.620 --> 00:18:28.740
And so, it's always tricky

496
00:18:28.740 --> 00:18:30.900
to determine how big it is

497
00:18:30.900 --> 00:18:32.160
and which is why

498
00:18:32.160 --> 00:18:34.110
the Office of State Archeology

499
00:18:34.110 --> 00:18:36.300
requests that research be done

500
00:18:36.300 --> 00:18:38.220
before a project be undertaken,

501
00:18:38.220 --> 00:18:39.100
just in case

502
00:18:40.980 --> 00:18:42.720
there are additional burials

503
00:18:42.720 --> 00:18:44.940
and we don't want to impact them.

504
00:18:44.940 --> 00:18:47.400
And so we suggest things like

505
00:18:47.400 --> 00:18:49.050
ground penetrating radar

506
00:18:49.050 --> 00:18:51.150
or other type of probing surveys,

507
00:18:51.150 --> 00:18:53.970
so that we can determine where these burials are.

508
00:18:53.970 --> 00:18:55.470
So we know it can help

509
00:18:55.470 --> 00:18:57.180
developers avoid them

510
00:18:57.180 --> 00:18:59.040
and avoid the issues that come with

511
00:18:59.040 --> 00:19:01.980
accidentally exposing human remains.

512
00:19:01.980 --> 00:19:04.350
So there was a development here

513
00:19:04.350 --> 00:19:05.910
in Currituck County,

514
00:19:05.910 --> 00:19:10.170
and unfortunately, there was some confusion.

515
00:19:10.170 --> 00:19:11.850
Though there was one headstone though,

516
00:19:11.850 --> 00:19:13.020
and this headstone

517
00:19:13.020 --> 00:19:14.790
is from 1786,

518
00:19:14.790 --> 00:19:17.730
which is makes it one of the oldest surviving headstones

519
00:19:17.730 --> 00:19:18.780
in the county

520
00:19:18.780 --> 00:19:20.550
and it has this awesome,

521
00:19:20.550 --> 00:19:22.890
awesome epitaph on it.

522
00:19:22.890 --> 00:19:24.667
My favorite line is,

523
00:19:24.667 --> 00:19:27.820
"A heap of duff alone remains of thee."

524
00:19:27.820 --> 00:19:29.430
"'Tis all thou art

525
00:19:29.430 --> 00:19:31.590
and all the proud shall be."

526
00:19:31.590 --> 00:19:33.390
Which is a spin on

527
00:19:33.390 --> 00:19:34.380
sort of the

528
00:19:34.380 --> 00:19:36.720
epitaph you see later in the 19th century

529
00:19:36.720 --> 00:19:39.360
that I used for the title of this presentation.

530
00:19:39.360 --> 00:19:40.710
And it is,

531
00:19:40.710 --> 00:19:43.110
that is a very common shape

532
00:19:43.110 --> 00:19:46.470
for the 18th century.

533
00:19:46.470 --> 00:19:49.650
But is this young man

534
00:19:49.650 --> 00:19:51.630
the only person in the cemetery?

535
00:19:51.630 --> 00:19:53.850
Unfortunately, it is not.

536
00:19:53.850 --> 00:19:55.180
And as the

537
00:19:56.490 --> 00:19:58.080
work got underway,

538
00:19:58.080 --> 00:20:01.890
a grave was accidentally disturbed.

539
00:20:01.890 --> 00:20:03.870
And I'm not gonna talk a whole lot about

540
00:20:03.870 --> 00:20:05.370
that whole process.

541
00:20:05.370 --> 00:20:08.190
But one of the interesting takeaways from

542
00:20:08.190 --> 00:20:13.190
that exposure, as sort of terrible as it was,

543
00:20:13.290 --> 00:20:14.340
the work had stopped,

544
00:20:14.340 --> 00:20:15.600
archeologists came out

545
00:20:15.600 --> 00:20:16.920
and they identified,

546
00:20:16.920 --> 00:20:18.570
which is kind of hard to see in the ground,

547
00:20:18.570 --> 00:20:19.740
but it's under that,

548
00:20:19.740 --> 00:20:21.333
where that red circle is.

549
00:20:22.380 --> 00:20:24.750
The person who was buried in there

550
00:20:24.750 --> 00:20:28.950
was not buried in your typical coffin

551
00:20:28.950 --> 00:20:30.720
with the sort of six-sided

552
00:20:30.720 --> 00:20:32.340
or rounded coffin

553
00:20:32.340 --> 00:20:33.780
made of wood.

554
00:20:33.780 --> 00:20:35.520
He was buried

555
00:20:35.520 --> 00:20:37.870
in one of the Fisk

556
00:20:38.970 --> 00:20:42.420
sort of metallic, sealed coffins.

557
00:20:42.420 --> 00:20:44.550
And these are a really interesting,

558
00:20:44.550 --> 00:20:49.550
very Victorian idea that came up

559
00:20:49.580 --> 00:20:52.470
in the middle of the 19th century.

560
00:20:52.470 --> 00:20:54.930
Fisk developed these

561
00:20:54.930 --> 00:20:55.763
and released them

562
00:20:55.763 --> 00:20:57.300
first in 1848

563
00:20:57.300 --> 00:20:59.520
and these coffins

564
00:20:59.520 --> 00:21:00.810
were made of metal.

565
00:21:00.810 --> 00:21:03.510
They were completely sealed tight

566
00:21:03.510 --> 00:21:06.210
and they had over the face there,

567
00:21:06.210 --> 00:21:07.980
they had a glass viewing plate

568
00:21:07.980 --> 00:21:09.690
so you can see the person there in.

569
00:21:09.690 --> 00:21:10.860
And that ties

570
00:21:10.860 --> 00:21:13.050
all kinds of ways into

571
00:21:13.050 --> 00:21:15.510
the ideas of Victorian mourning

572
00:21:15.510 --> 00:21:18.360
and what they thought about bodies,

573
00:21:18.360 --> 00:21:20.340
and what they thought about death,

574
00:21:20.340 --> 00:21:23.670
and being sure,

575
00:21:23.670 --> 00:21:25.830
and being helpful as well.

576
00:21:25.830 --> 00:21:27.510
There is a concern sort of

577
00:21:27.510 --> 00:21:30.100
trailing out of the idea of sort of miasmas,

578
00:21:31.080 --> 00:21:35.133
that cemeteries gave off bad,

579
00:21:35.970 --> 00:21:38.400
you could get sick from being in a cemetery.

580
00:21:38.400 --> 00:21:40.260
And so, some of these

581
00:21:40.260 --> 00:21:42.990
ideas of cleanliness and helpfulness

582
00:21:42.990 --> 00:21:45.360
and sealed in tight

583
00:21:45.360 --> 00:21:47.970
plays into that role.

584
00:21:47.970 --> 00:21:50.850
Plus, the whole sadness of the mourning

585
00:21:50.850 --> 00:21:52.890
rituals of losing someone,

586
00:21:52.890 --> 00:21:54.510
but being able to see them

587
00:21:54.510 --> 00:21:56.280
inside of their coffin

588
00:21:56.280 --> 00:21:58.560
by lifting the metal plate to see the glass

589
00:21:58.560 --> 00:22:00.330
and seeing their face underneath

590
00:22:00.330 --> 00:22:02.550
ties in very neatly to

591
00:22:02.550 --> 00:22:04.710
the ways that they practiced

592
00:22:04.710 --> 00:22:06.030
their morning rituals.

593
00:22:06.030 --> 00:22:07.350
And we have one in

594
00:22:07.350 --> 00:22:09.330
a very rather rural part

595
00:22:09.330 --> 00:22:10.560
of North Carolina.

596
00:22:10.560 --> 00:22:12.210
So that tells me,

597
00:22:12.210 --> 00:22:13.980
if I know nothing else about

598
00:22:13.980 --> 00:22:15.750
who this possibly could be,

599
00:22:15.750 --> 00:22:16.890
that tells me about

600
00:22:16.890 --> 00:22:19.290
this person having a certain level of wealth

601
00:22:19.290 --> 00:22:21.180
that he was able to afford

602
00:22:21.180 --> 00:22:22.500
to bring this down

603
00:22:22.500 --> 00:22:24.030
from up north.

604
00:22:24.030 --> 00:22:26.670
That he had maybe connections

605
00:22:26.670 --> 00:22:28.830
and he had maybe some education,

606
00:22:28.830 --> 00:22:30.670
or at least was well-read about

607
00:22:32.960 --> 00:22:35.670
the current ideas and beliefs

608
00:22:35.670 --> 00:22:37.890
and scientific principles of the day.

609
00:22:37.890 --> 00:22:40.230
And so, as an archeologist,

610
00:22:40.230 --> 00:22:42.270
it's these little pieces

611
00:22:42.270 --> 00:22:44.760
put together that tell me

612
00:22:44.760 --> 00:22:47.310
about who's buried there,

613
00:22:47.310 --> 00:22:48.990
even if we never know

614
00:22:48.990 --> 00:22:50.250
the person's name.

615
00:22:50.250 --> 00:22:52.770
And that's often the case in historic cemeteries.

616
00:22:52.770 --> 00:22:54.330
If the headstones are gone,

617
00:22:54.330 --> 00:22:58.890
it's very, very difficult to find out who is in the,

618
00:22:58.890 --> 00:22:59.723
who is in

619
00:22:59.723 --> 00:23:00.660
the grave itself.

620
00:23:00.660 --> 00:23:01.950
Even if you think of,

621
00:23:01.950 --> 00:23:03.480
especially in 2022,

622
00:23:03.480 --> 00:23:05.760
the idea of DNA testing.

623
00:23:05.760 --> 00:23:06.630
Well, first of all,

624
00:23:06.630 --> 00:23:09.540
you have to have DNA samples to compare to,

625
00:23:09.540 --> 00:23:13.440
and North Carolina soils

626
00:23:13.440 --> 00:23:15.450
and soils in the Southeast

627
00:23:15.450 --> 00:23:18.510
aren't great for biological preservation.

628
00:23:18.510 --> 00:23:20.340
They can be pretty acidic.

629
00:23:20.340 --> 00:23:23.343
And so, there may not even be a DNA sample to take.

630
00:23:24.240 --> 00:23:25.890
So, in this case,

631
00:23:25.890 --> 00:23:28.620
we had a little bit of information to tie

632
00:23:28.620 --> 00:23:30.780
who this person was,

633
00:23:30.780 --> 00:23:32.700
and it was decided that

634
00:23:32.700 --> 00:23:34.410
everyone was going to stay in place,

635
00:23:34.410 --> 00:23:35.910
which is our ideal.

636
00:23:35.910 --> 00:23:36.960
We would prefer,

637
00:23:36.960 --> 00:23:39.000
the Office of State Archeology,

638
00:23:39.000 --> 00:23:41.280
while there's no hard and fast rules,

639
00:23:41.280 --> 00:23:42.480
there are rules

640
00:23:42.480 --> 00:23:46.590
for how things should be done,

641
00:23:46.590 --> 00:23:49.170
but we would prefer that

642
00:23:49.170 --> 00:23:52.200
burials stay where their kin put them,

643
00:23:52.200 --> 00:23:53.670
where their family put them,

644
00:23:53.670 --> 00:23:55.500
for a couple of reasons.

645
00:23:55.500 --> 00:23:57.450
One, because it's

646
00:23:57.450 --> 00:23:59.550
something that their family chose,

647
00:23:59.550 --> 00:24:01.860
that they may have chosen for themselves.

648
00:24:01.860 --> 00:24:04.650
And also because,

649
00:24:04.650 --> 00:24:09.150
oftentimes, cemeteries can be the last remnant

650
00:24:09.150 --> 00:24:11.490
of a historic landscape.

651
00:24:11.490 --> 00:24:13.320
There may have been

652
00:24:13.320 --> 00:24:15.360
a plantation or a farm,

653
00:24:15.360 --> 00:24:16.830
and now, like in this case,

654
00:24:16.830 --> 00:24:18.240
there's a subdivision.

655
00:24:18.240 --> 00:24:20.220
Or there was a town,

656
00:24:20.220 --> 00:24:23.400
but now all the old building have been torn down

657
00:24:23.400 --> 00:24:25.137
and there are a lot of strip malls

658
00:24:25.137 --> 00:24:27.600
and modern buildings in place.

659
00:24:27.600 --> 00:24:29.130
But the cemeteries often

660
00:24:29.130 --> 00:24:30.780
get left behind because

661
00:24:30.780 --> 00:24:32.460
there's a lot of complications

662
00:24:32.460 --> 00:24:34.320
with moving cemeteries.

663
00:24:34.320 --> 00:24:38.850
It's possible, but there's a process

664
00:24:38.850 --> 00:24:41.160
outlined in the North Carolina Statutes.

665
00:24:41.160 --> 00:24:43.170
And so, they often get left in place,

666
00:24:43.170 --> 00:24:46.650
which, because of the way

667
00:24:46.650 --> 00:24:49.440
and the placement of cemeteries

668
00:24:49.440 --> 00:24:50.670
on the landscape,

669
00:24:50.670 --> 00:24:52.830
we can use that as a

670
00:24:52.830 --> 00:24:54.270
sort of a lynch point

671
00:24:54.270 --> 00:24:56.970
or a fulcrum to map out

672
00:24:56.970 --> 00:24:59.010
where the rest of the community was,

673
00:24:59.010 --> 00:25:01.800
or how people used that landscape,

674
00:25:01.800 --> 00:25:03.810
because you would put cemeteries

675
00:25:03.810 --> 00:25:06.150
in very specific areas.

676
00:25:06.150 --> 00:25:07.780
You wouldn't maybe put them

677
00:25:09.030 --> 00:25:10.020
in the road.

678
00:25:10.020 --> 00:25:12.390
In the early days,

679
00:25:12.390 --> 00:25:14.970
finding a cemetery in the center of town

680
00:25:14.970 --> 00:25:17.760
made sense because that's where the church was.

681
00:25:17.760 --> 00:25:19.950
But as we move into the

682
00:25:19.950 --> 00:25:22.890
later 19th century and into the 20th century,

683
00:25:22.890 --> 00:25:25.410
cemeteries are put towards the outside of town

684
00:25:25.410 --> 00:25:26.700
where there's more room

685
00:25:26.700 --> 00:25:27.570
and there's less of

686
00:25:27.570 --> 00:25:29.100
a possible impact

687
00:25:29.100 --> 00:25:30.960
to the people living in the city.

688
00:25:30.960 --> 00:25:33.150
And so, we can use these,

689
00:25:33.150 --> 00:25:36.000
set these lone remnants

690
00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:38.520
of a past landscape to help us

691
00:25:38.520 --> 00:25:40.350
figure out the rest of the way,

692
00:25:40.350 --> 00:25:41.880
the rest of the,

693
00:25:41.880 --> 00:25:45.270
the way the rest of the landscape was used.

694
00:25:45.270 --> 00:25:46.260
So, in this case,

695
00:25:46.260 --> 00:25:49.170
that exposed coffin was

696
00:25:49.170 --> 00:25:51.240
reburied and marked,

697
00:25:51.240 --> 00:25:54.900
and the developers put in,

698
00:25:54.900 --> 00:25:56.100
after this picture,

699
00:25:56.100 --> 00:25:57.240
everything was cleaned up,

700
00:25:57.240 --> 00:25:59.010
a new fence was put in

701
00:25:59.010 --> 00:26:00.900
around the cemetery

702
00:26:00.900 --> 00:26:02.733
and it is protected there now.

703
00:26:06.030 --> 00:26:07.680
But I'm talking about

704
00:26:07.680 --> 00:26:11.190
sort of very fancy cases.

705
00:26:11.190 --> 00:26:13.470
I've talked about very fancy cases so far

706
00:26:13.470 --> 00:26:14.850
where there's a lot of

707
00:26:14.850 --> 00:26:17.400
money and influence from outside

708
00:26:17.400 --> 00:26:20.250
culture and ideas coming into

709
00:26:20.250 --> 00:26:22.020
a town or into

710
00:26:22.020 --> 00:26:24.330
a sort of more wealthy person's life.

711
00:26:24.330 --> 00:26:26.700
But that, of course, is not everybody.

712
00:26:26.700 --> 00:26:27.660
And we do

713
00:26:27.660 --> 00:26:29.400
have to think about

714
00:26:29.400 --> 00:26:30.810
all the other folks

715
00:26:30.810 --> 00:26:33.480
that lived along the North Carolina coast

716
00:26:33.480 --> 00:26:35.850
and that means that we do

717
00:26:35.850 --> 00:26:37.620
see a lot of examples

718
00:26:37.620 --> 00:26:40.080
of things that aren't very flashy

719
00:26:40.080 --> 00:26:42.210
and may be very impermanent

720
00:26:42.210 --> 00:26:43.860
and easy to overlook.

721
00:26:43.860 --> 00:26:46.020
Especially in the center part

722
00:26:46.020 --> 00:26:48.930
of the North Carolina Eastern Seaboard.

723
00:26:48.930 --> 00:26:51.300
We do have a lot of turpentine

724
00:26:51.300 --> 00:26:53.310
in logging industries,

725
00:26:53.310 --> 00:26:54.900
naval store industries,

726
00:26:54.900 --> 00:26:59.070
and so a lot of things tied to pine.

727
00:26:59.070 --> 00:27:01.890
And so we do see pine markers,

728
00:27:01.890 --> 00:27:03.150
whether they be posts,

729
00:27:03.150 --> 00:27:05.040
like you see the one on the left,

730
00:27:05.040 --> 00:27:07.530
or sometimes they are shaped,

731
00:27:07.530 --> 00:27:09.430
but these are marking

732
00:27:10.680 --> 00:27:12.810
cemeteries along the coast

733
00:27:12.810 --> 00:27:15.780
and in towards the Fayetteville area.

734
00:27:15.780 --> 00:27:18.720
But we have to be very careful and pay attention to them

735
00:27:18.720 --> 00:27:20.610
because obviously wood

736
00:27:20.610 --> 00:27:22.440
does not last forever.

737
00:27:22.440 --> 00:27:23.940
We also see a lot of

738
00:27:23.940 --> 00:27:27.960
fieldstone markers, oftentimes uninscribed.

739
00:27:27.960 --> 00:27:30.120
These, the posts and the stones,

740
00:27:30.120 --> 00:27:32.340
were used both by

741
00:27:32.340 --> 00:27:34.110
rural communities and those

742
00:27:34.110 --> 00:27:35.160
who had lesser means,

743
00:27:35.160 --> 00:27:37.410
as well as African American

744
00:27:37.410 --> 00:27:40.140
and pre-emancipation

745
00:27:40.140 --> 00:27:43.200
enslaved communities found in North Carolina.

746
00:27:43.200 --> 00:27:45.330
And these are

747
00:27:45.330 --> 00:27:47.160
easily buried as well.

748
00:27:47.160 --> 00:27:49.590
So that's why we,

749
00:27:49.590 --> 00:27:51.660
one of the things that we

750
00:27:51.660 --> 00:27:54.510
strive for is to get as many of these

751
00:27:54.510 --> 00:27:56.820
cemeteries recorded on the state registry

752
00:27:56.820 --> 00:27:59.580
called the North Carolina Site File.

753
00:27:59.580 --> 00:28:01.710
And this is a list of archeological sites

754
00:28:01.710 --> 00:28:02.700
and historic sites

755
00:28:02.700 --> 00:28:03.900
and historic cemeteries.

756
00:28:03.900 --> 00:28:06.540
And this helps us identify where these are,

757
00:28:06.540 --> 00:28:07.450
so we can help

758
00:28:08.340 --> 00:28:12.480
set an extra pair of state-level eyes on these.

759
00:28:12.480 --> 00:28:14.460
So when projects are happening,

760
00:28:14.460 --> 00:28:16.200
when developments are happening,

761
00:28:16.200 --> 00:28:17.580
we're able to warn people

762
00:28:17.580 --> 00:28:19.350
that these cemeteries are here

763
00:28:19.350 --> 00:28:21.000
and they need to be

764
00:28:21.000 --> 00:28:22.690
figured into the plans

765
00:28:23.550 --> 00:28:26.070
in order that they aren't impacted.

766
00:28:26.070 --> 00:28:28.230
And because it, sometimes, is difficult

767
00:28:28.230 --> 00:28:30.570
and maybe only the descendants

768
00:28:30.570 --> 00:28:31.830
know what they're looking for,

769
00:28:31.830 --> 00:28:33.330
I joke that everybody's auntie

770
00:28:33.330 --> 00:28:35.130
knows where the old cemetery is,

771
00:28:35.130 --> 00:28:36.930
but if she passes away,

772
00:28:36.930 --> 00:28:39.270
then we've lost that information.

773
00:28:39.270 --> 00:28:40.650
Which is why we

774
00:28:40.650 --> 00:28:41.910
always ask people

775
00:28:41.910 --> 00:28:43.410
if they know of an old cemetery,

776
00:28:43.410 --> 00:28:44.460
especially if it's

777
00:28:44.460 --> 00:28:45.450
one of their family's

778
00:28:45.450 --> 00:28:47.010
and it's in a tucked away place,

779
00:28:47.010 --> 00:28:48.120
that they report it,

780
00:28:48.120 --> 00:28:51.360
because a lot of our tucked away rural places

781
00:28:51.360 --> 00:28:53.610
aren't really tucked away and rural anymore

782
00:28:53.610 --> 00:28:55.260
as the state sees

783
00:28:55.260 --> 00:28:58.080
record amounts of development.

784
00:28:58.080 --> 00:29:01.990
So adding this knowledge to you today will hopefully

785
00:29:04.050 --> 00:29:05.970
give you that extra step

786
00:29:05.970 --> 00:29:08.580
to keep your eyes open as you

787
00:29:08.580 --> 00:29:10.290
walk around North Carolina,

788
00:29:10.290 --> 00:29:12.240
enjoy our wilderness areas,

789
00:29:12.240 --> 00:29:14.613
to see if you can find these places.

790
00:29:16.530 --> 00:29:19.750
And, of course, we see more than just

791
00:29:21.120 --> 00:29:24.767
posts and stones marking graves.

792
00:29:24.767 --> 00:29:26.820
And we do see a lot of artifacts,

793
00:29:26.820 --> 00:29:28.320
especially along the coast.

794
00:29:28.320 --> 00:29:31.560
And this was a tradition,

795
00:29:31.560 --> 00:29:33.660
especially tied to

796
00:29:33.660 --> 00:29:35.420
the pre-emancipation

797
00:29:35.420 --> 00:29:37.440
in African American enslaved communities,

798
00:29:37.440 --> 00:29:40.140
particularly the Gullah Geechee culture.

799
00:29:40.140 --> 00:29:42.940
And these things

800
00:29:43.980 --> 00:29:46.410
are tied into this community,

801
00:29:46.410 --> 00:29:47.670
which is a really

802
00:29:47.670 --> 00:29:51.630
interesting historic and current community,

803
00:29:51.630 --> 00:29:53.160
bred from the coastal parts

804
00:29:53.160 --> 00:29:55.650
of the Southeastern United States.

805
00:29:55.650 --> 00:29:57.840
It is a culture.

806
00:29:57.840 --> 00:29:58.920
It is a language.

807
00:29:58.920 --> 00:30:00.630
It is a food style.

808
00:30:00.630 --> 00:30:03.750
It is an artistic style

809
00:30:03.750 --> 00:30:06.090
that came from

810
00:30:06.090 --> 00:30:09.090
these African American communities

811
00:30:09.090 --> 00:30:11.490
that were enslaved on indigo and rice plantations

812
00:30:11.490 --> 00:30:12.630
along the coastal

813
00:30:12.630 --> 00:30:14.850
and barrier islands and sea islands

814
00:30:14.850 --> 00:30:17.400
of Southeastern United States,

815
00:30:17.400 --> 00:30:19.090
where they were sort of

816
00:30:20.820 --> 00:30:22.620
isolated and were able to

817
00:30:22.620 --> 00:30:24.270
develop this mixed

818
00:30:24.270 --> 00:30:25.270
culture of different

819
00:30:26.880 --> 00:30:27.870
Central and West African,

820
00:30:27.870 --> 00:30:29.220
especially West African,

821
00:30:29.220 --> 00:30:32.992
traditions to form something new

822
00:30:32.992 --> 00:30:35.700
and beautiful and very

823
00:30:35.700 --> 00:30:38.400
American, so to speak.

824
00:30:38.400 --> 00:30:40.980
And so we see

825
00:30:40.980 --> 00:30:42.960
a lot of these things

826
00:30:42.960 --> 00:30:44.980
from the African traditions that

827
00:30:46.410 --> 00:30:47.850
develop in new ways

828
00:30:47.850 --> 00:30:48.683
in the new world.

829
00:30:48.683 --> 00:30:50.430
And this also

830
00:30:50.430 --> 00:30:53.700
ties into the period of enslavement where

831
00:30:53.700 --> 00:30:55.710
formal marked stones

832
00:30:55.710 --> 00:30:57.300
were not things that

833
00:30:57.300 --> 00:30:59.850
these communities had access to.

834
00:30:59.850 --> 00:31:02.070
And so, there were other ways that they played out,

835
00:31:02.070 --> 00:31:04.230
and they were able to lean on

836
00:31:04.230 --> 00:31:07.410
their African traditions

837
00:31:07.410 --> 00:31:08.850
in order to create something new,

838
00:31:08.850 --> 00:31:10.320
to create memorials

839
00:31:10.320 --> 00:31:11.370
that were significant

840
00:31:11.370 --> 00:31:12.450
for their communities

841
00:31:12.450 --> 00:31:15.330
but might not be as familiar

842
00:31:15.330 --> 00:31:20.010
to us as 21st century folks.

843
00:31:20.010 --> 00:31:21.510
You can see that

844
00:31:21.510 --> 00:31:23.340
the Gullah Geechee Corridor,

845
00:31:23.340 --> 00:31:24.450
which is what they're

846
00:31:24.450 --> 00:31:26.670
represented in now,

847
00:31:26.670 --> 00:31:28.680
stretches from the

848
00:31:28.680 --> 00:31:30.510
very northern bits

849
00:31:30.510 --> 00:31:32.910
of Florida all the way up

850
00:31:32.910 --> 00:31:36.600
to the southeastern coast of North Carolina,

851
00:31:36.600 --> 00:31:38.580
although it's commonly associated with, say,

852
00:31:38.580 --> 00:31:40.890
the sea islands of Georgia,

853
00:31:40.890 --> 00:31:41.880
we're on the water.

854
00:31:41.880 --> 00:31:45.240
So people travel up and down in these traditions,

855
00:31:45.240 --> 00:31:46.740
passed up and down,

856
00:31:46.740 --> 00:31:50.100
and cemented into a cultural mindset.

857
00:31:50.100 --> 00:31:52.050
This is a really fantastic community.

858
00:31:52.050 --> 00:31:53.820
They do a lot of really interesting

859
00:31:53.820 --> 00:31:55.020
education and outreach,

860
00:31:55.020 --> 00:31:56.430
and I really encourage you

861
00:31:56.430 --> 00:31:57.630
to visit the

862
00:31:57.630 --> 00:31:59.340
website at the bottom of the page

863
00:31:59.340 --> 00:32:01.290
in order to learn more about these

864
00:32:01.290 --> 00:32:03.690
folks and hopefully catch an event

865
00:32:03.690 --> 00:32:05.580
where they're able to talk about

866
00:32:05.580 --> 00:32:07.620
or demonstrate their culture to you

867
00:32:07.620 --> 00:32:08.460
because they are

868
00:32:08.460 --> 00:32:10.020
a really dynamic

869
00:32:10.020 --> 00:32:12.213
and interesting group of people.

870
00:32:14.100 --> 00:32:17.910
So to demonstrate what these traditions look like,

871
00:32:17.910 --> 00:32:20.520
we're gonna go all the way down to the southern part

872
00:32:20.520 --> 00:32:22.440
of North Carolina, to Southport,

873
00:32:22.440 --> 00:32:24.900
and this is the John N. Smith Cemetery,

874
00:32:24.900 --> 00:32:27.300
which was, almost exactly a year ago,

875
00:32:27.300 --> 00:32:29.670
added to the National Register of Historic Places,

876
00:32:29.670 --> 00:32:31.500
which is super exciting.

877
00:32:31.500 --> 00:32:33.390
This has a lot of those traditions

878
00:32:33.390 --> 00:32:34.860
that I was talking about with

879
00:32:34.860 --> 00:32:37.320
material and plant items.

880
00:32:37.320 --> 00:32:39.270
And some of these traditions,

881
00:32:39.270 --> 00:32:42.810
with the afterlife was associated with water,

882
00:32:42.810 --> 00:32:44.670
so we see things like

883
00:32:44.670 --> 00:32:48.450
shells or glass or mirrors or bowls

884
00:32:48.450 --> 00:32:50.520
that hold water

885
00:32:50.520 --> 00:32:54.300
that may look common

886
00:32:54.300 --> 00:32:55.980
but are directly tied

887
00:32:55.980 --> 00:32:57.674
to the way they did things

888
00:32:57.674 --> 00:33:00.240
in Western and Central Africa.

889
00:33:00.240 --> 00:33:03.960
And we also see personal items left behind,

890
00:33:03.960 --> 00:33:06.090
whether that be someone's

891
00:33:06.090 --> 00:33:09.090
medicine bottle or a

892
00:33:09.090 --> 00:33:11.130
favorite quilt or cup.

893
00:33:11.130 --> 00:33:13.650
I've seen shaving mugs,

894
00:33:13.650 --> 00:33:18.180
toys, all kinds of things that appeal to

895
00:33:18.180 --> 00:33:20.310
and support the ancestors,

896
00:33:20.310 --> 00:33:22.080
because the ancestors

897
00:33:22.080 --> 00:33:24.540
are there to offer you advice,

898
00:33:24.540 --> 00:33:27.360
and they're also important people to use.

899
00:33:27.360 --> 00:33:29.070
So, you want to keep them happy

900
00:33:29.070 --> 00:33:30.300
by leaving things

901
00:33:30.300 --> 00:33:32.040
in the cemetery.

902
00:33:32.040 --> 00:33:33.570
And this cemetery

903
00:33:33.570 --> 00:33:36.810
does have a very strong Gullah Geechee

904
00:33:36.810 --> 00:33:38.400
cultural tie to it.

905
00:33:38.400 --> 00:33:40.260
So we see a number of these

906
00:33:40.260 --> 00:33:42.030
traditions still reflected here.

907
00:33:42.030 --> 00:33:43.590
We see personal items.

908
00:33:43.590 --> 00:33:45.030
We see special plants,

909
00:33:45.030 --> 00:33:48.330
like the palms planted there.

910
00:33:48.330 --> 00:33:51.390
We also see prolific use of shell.

911
00:33:51.390 --> 00:33:53.580
And this is,

912
00:33:53.580 --> 00:33:55.920
these are as whelks shells, they're coastal,

913
00:33:55.920 --> 00:33:57.420
it makes sense.

914
00:33:57.420 --> 00:33:58.530
But it is

915
00:33:58.530 --> 00:34:00.420
everything from the shape

916
00:34:00.420 --> 00:34:02.700
and how they're placed on there,

917
00:34:02.700 --> 00:34:06.960
tied to things done specifically in Africa.

918
00:34:06.960 --> 00:34:09.210
And while their descendants

919
00:34:09.210 --> 00:34:11.850
may not necessarily believe in the same

920
00:34:11.850 --> 00:34:14.520
African religious systems

921
00:34:14.520 --> 00:34:16.890
from their earlier ancestors,

922
00:34:16.890 --> 00:34:19.440
it becomes a aesthetic

923
00:34:19.440 --> 00:34:23.370
that this is what a cemetery is supposed to look like,

924
00:34:23.370 --> 00:34:24.870
and it does continue.

925
00:34:24.870 --> 00:34:26.940
So we've got the Howe family plot

926
00:34:26.940 --> 00:34:28.950
in that black and white photo on the right,

927
00:34:28.950 --> 00:34:30.570
and this is

928
00:34:30.570 --> 00:34:33.660
continued in the Howe family plot today.

929
00:34:33.660 --> 00:34:35.880
Those shells are renewed every couple of years

930
00:34:35.880 --> 00:34:38.070
by an active choice

931
00:34:38.070 --> 00:34:39.150
by the descendants

932
00:34:39.150 --> 00:34:41.850
and by the local Gullah Geechee inspired

933
00:34:41.850 --> 00:34:44.403
and Gullah Geechee community.

934
00:34:46.110 --> 00:34:47.010
And we see that

935
00:34:47.010 --> 00:34:48.900
all over the John N. Smith Cemetery.

936
00:34:48.900 --> 00:34:49.890
If you're ever in Southport,

937
00:34:49.890 --> 00:34:52.710
I strongly recommend you go and visit this one.

938
00:34:52.710 --> 00:34:55.620
And this can take the place,

939
00:34:55.620 --> 00:34:58.560
take the shape of shells,

940
00:34:58.560 --> 00:35:00.690
personal items and even things

941
00:35:00.690 --> 00:35:01.680
to help indicate

942
00:35:01.680 --> 00:35:03.297
like the grave at the bottom there

943
00:35:03.297 --> 00:35:05.550
for that little boy.

944
00:35:05.550 --> 00:35:06.383
You can tell

945
00:35:06.383 --> 00:35:08.100
that that's a grave for a little boy

946
00:35:08.100 --> 00:35:10.050
because of the things left behind.

947
00:35:10.050 --> 00:35:11.010
We also have

948
00:35:11.010 --> 00:35:12.660
probably the best tree that I've

949
00:35:12.660 --> 00:35:14.670
ever seen in a cemetery ever.

950
00:35:14.670 --> 00:35:16.620
This giant tree that,

951
00:35:16.620 --> 00:35:19.980
and this is, these giant trees,

952
00:35:19.980 --> 00:35:22.590
even though they can become problematic

953
00:35:22.590 --> 00:35:26.190
and people want to seem to rip trees out of cemeteries,

954
00:35:26.190 --> 00:35:27.150
things like this,

955
00:35:27.150 --> 00:35:30.480
its size and its central placement,

956
00:35:30.480 --> 00:35:32.670
this is something that archeologists and historians

957
00:35:32.670 --> 00:35:36.720
and folklorists call a witness tree.

958
00:35:36.720 --> 00:35:39.300
They've witnessed the history over time,

959
00:35:39.300 --> 00:35:40.350
and so it

960
00:35:40.350 --> 00:35:42.870
becomes as much of the

961
00:35:42.870 --> 00:35:46.200
aesthetics and the cultural history

962
00:35:46.200 --> 00:35:47.033
as it is

963
00:35:47.033 --> 00:35:48.810
a plant on the landscape.

964
00:35:48.810 --> 00:35:50.700
And so, a lot of these things,

965
00:35:50.700 --> 00:35:54.120
the shells, the palms, the artifacts,

966
00:35:54.120 --> 00:35:57.060
they are protected under North Carolina General Statutes

967
00:35:57.060 --> 00:35:59.310
because they're acting as memorials.

968
00:35:59.310 --> 00:36:00.840
And so, it's important for you

969
00:36:00.840 --> 00:36:02.430
to leave these things in place

970
00:36:02.430 --> 00:36:04.050
unless you're a direct descendant

971
00:36:04.050 --> 00:36:04.950
and you've made

972
00:36:04.950 --> 00:36:07.440
a choice within your family to change something

973
00:36:07.440 --> 00:36:08.520
of that nature.

974
00:36:08.520 --> 00:36:11.460
And so, leave it in place,

975
00:36:11.460 --> 00:36:12.520
take a picture

976
00:36:13.440 --> 00:36:15.900
and because, if not,

977
00:36:15.900 --> 00:36:17.040
then you could be

978
00:36:17.040 --> 00:36:21.680
prosecuted under General Statute 14-148 and 14-149.

979
00:36:23.010 --> 00:36:24.360
We see a little further

980
00:36:24.360 --> 00:36:26.580
up the coast in Wilmington, another example,

981
00:36:26.580 --> 00:36:28.050
and this is the Maides Cemetery.

982
00:36:28.050 --> 00:36:29.190
And we see that the

983
00:36:29.190 --> 00:36:30.840
sort of evolution of,

984
00:36:30.840 --> 00:36:32.940
into the early 20th century,

985
00:36:32.940 --> 00:36:35.520
what these traditions of homemade

986
00:36:35.520 --> 00:36:37.950
and sort of

987
00:36:37.950 --> 00:36:39.960
come from within the community

988
00:36:39.960 --> 00:36:42.480
markers manifest as.

989
00:36:42.480 --> 00:36:43.890
We have shells,

990
00:36:43.890 --> 00:36:47.400
we have these poured concrete markers that have

991
00:36:47.400 --> 00:36:49.080
been made at home,

992
00:36:49.080 --> 00:36:50.940
we have materials that

993
00:36:50.940 --> 00:36:54.430
have been brought from the community to make

994
00:36:56.159 --> 00:36:57.870
a memorial for this person,

995
00:36:57.870 --> 00:36:59.730
even if they weren't able to afford

996
00:36:59.730 --> 00:37:00.933
marble or granite.

997
00:37:02.280 --> 00:37:04.800
Now, finally, we're gonna wrap up with

998
00:37:04.800 --> 00:37:06.720
what happens to these places?

999
00:37:06.720 --> 00:37:09.780
Or what is happening to these places?

1000
00:37:09.780 --> 00:37:13.020
And there is a real concern about our coastal cemeteries

1001
00:37:13.020 --> 00:37:14.280
because coastal areas,

1002
00:37:14.280 --> 00:37:15.113
by their nature,

1003
00:37:15.113 --> 00:37:18.210
are usually on the East Coast, pretty low-lying.

1004
00:37:18.210 --> 00:37:19.560
And if you haven't

1005
00:37:19.560 --> 00:37:22.593
been paying attention to the news over the last 10 years,

1006
00:37:23.430 --> 00:37:25.200
weather is changing dramatically.

1007
00:37:25.200 --> 00:37:26.700
Storms are very powerful,

1008
00:37:26.700 --> 00:37:29.550
and we find that our coastal areas are facing

1009
00:37:29.550 --> 00:37:31.350
a lot of erosion.

1010
00:37:31.350 --> 00:37:33.390
This is one that we have found recently,

1011
00:37:33.390 --> 00:37:35.610
that we're going to be studying further,

1012
00:37:35.610 --> 00:37:37.500
off the Outer Banks there.

1013
00:37:37.500 --> 00:37:40.140
And that is a cemetery and we know that

1014
00:37:40.140 --> 00:37:41.880
it's a cemetery and not a structure

1015
00:37:41.880 --> 00:37:43.350
because the government has told us,

1016
00:37:43.350 --> 00:37:44.850
and it is its own tax

1017
00:37:44.850 --> 00:37:47.370
parcel for the county.

1018
00:37:47.370 --> 00:37:49.800
And as you can see from this other map

1019
00:37:49.800 --> 00:37:51.180
that it was

1020
00:37:51.180 --> 00:37:53.010
on land and now

1021
00:37:53.010 --> 00:37:55.050
it very much isn't.

1022
00:37:55.050 --> 00:37:56.700
So what does it look like now?

1023
00:37:56.700 --> 00:37:57.810
And how is

1024
00:37:57.810 --> 00:37:59.910
the erosion of the coastline

1025
00:37:59.910 --> 00:38:01.830
through storm events and sea level rise

1026
00:38:01.830 --> 00:38:03.330
and climate change affecting

1027
00:38:03.330 --> 00:38:05.310
these coastal cemeteries?

1028
00:38:05.310 --> 00:38:07.860
Because it is affecting them very dramatically.

1029
00:38:07.860 --> 00:38:11.253
We've got this cemetery here on Hatteras Island,

1030
00:38:12.948 --> 00:38:14.520
on the Hatteras seashore,

1031
00:38:14.520 --> 00:38:16.740
the Salvo Community Cemetery,

1032
00:38:16.740 --> 00:38:20.100
that has been greatly affected over the last few years,

1033
00:38:20.100 --> 00:38:22.200
especially by a number of storms.

1034
00:38:22.200 --> 00:38:23.070
We can see,

1035
00:38:23.070 --> 00:38:23.903
if you look at the

1036
00:38:23.903 --> 00:38:26.850
four graves on the left-hand side,

1037
00:38:26.850 --> 00:38:30.510
the two on the furthest right,

1038
00:38:30.510 --> 00:38:32.130
those have been relocated

1039
00:38:32.130 --> 00:38:33.540
because of the creep

1040
00:38:33.540 --> 00:38:34.980
of the seashore.

1041
00:38:34.980 --> 00:38:36.780
And the two on the left

1042
00:38:36.780 --> 00:38:38.400
are washed away completely

1043
00:38:38.400 --> 00:38:39.960
in a recent storm event.

1044
00:38:39.960 --> 00:38:42.300
So this is something that you'll see

1045
00:38:42.300 --> 00:38:43.830
that it's being impacted

1046
00:38:43.830 --> 00:38:45.000
and it's being impacted,

1047
00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:46.380
not just 'cause it's on the shoreline,

1048
00:38:46.380 --> 00:38:49.020
but because in front of this cemetery,

1049
00:38:49.020 --> 00:38:51.810
when it was established in the late 19th century,

1050
00:38:51.810 --> 00:38:53.520
was a marshland,

1051
00:38:53.520 --> 00:38:54.750
a marshland that

1052
00:38:54.750 --> 00:38:56.640
protected the coast

1053
00:38:56.640 --> 00:38:58.590
and prevented as much damage.

1054
00:38:58.590 --> 00:39:01.380
But now, that has been eroded away.

1055
00:39:01.380 --> 00:39:04.290
And so, all of these big storm events,

1056
00:39:04.290 --> 00:39:06.030
like Irma I believe affected this

1057
00:39:06.030 --> 00:39:07.680
cemetery a great deal,

1058
00:39:07.680 --> 00:39:09.873
has been eating away at the heads,

1059
00:39:10.800 --> 00:39:12.930
at the shoreline,

1060
00:39:12.930 --> 00:39:15.690
and undercutting and exposing

1061
00:39:15.690 --> 00:39:19.050
the graves and the burials,

1062
00:39:19.050 --> 00:39:21.660
which does mean that

1063
00:39:21.660 --> 00:39:25.620
decomposition and destruction is happening

1064
00:39:25.620 --> 00:39:27.930
much, much, much more quickly.

1065
00:39:27.930 --> 00:39:30.540
And there are living descendants nearby,

1066
00:39:30.540 --> 00:39:31.650
who are just heartbroken.

1067
00:39:31.650 --> 00:39:33.210
So, this isn't a forgotten place,

1068
00:39:33.210 --> 00:39:34.500
this is a living place,

1069
00:39:34.500 --> 00:39:36.213
in living people's memories.

1070
00:39:37.110 --> 00:39:40.140
And after a recent storm events,

1071
00:39:40.140 --> 00:39:41.880
the money was raised

1072
00:39:41.880 --> 00:39:43.290
to put in a sea wall.

1073
00:39:43.290 --> 00:39:44.790
However, we have another,

1074
00:39:44.790 --> 00:39:46.200
especially because this is tied in

1075
00:39:46.200 --> 00:39:48.420
with a national seashore,

1076
00:39:48.420 --> 00:39:49.500
we have this new

1077
00:39:49.500 --> 00:39:51.780
sea wall put in place to protect it,

1078
00:39:51.780 --> 00:39:53.880
but a sea wall is a great place

1079
00:39:53.880 --> 00:39:55.740
to walk and to hang out.

1080
00:39:55.740 --> 00:39:58.770
And even though a lot of people,

1081
00:39:58.770 --> 00:40:01.470
especially people who might attend a presentation like this,

1082
00:40:01.470 --> 00:40:03.150
feel very strongly about

1083
00:40:03.150 --> 00:40:05.700
the sacredness of cemeteries,

1084
00:40:05.700 --> 00:40:06.967
a lot of people feel like,

1085
00:40:06.967 --> 00:40:08.010
"It's not my kin,

1086
00:40:08.010 --> 00:40:08.947
it's not my problem."

1087
00:40:08.947 --> 00:40:11.100
"It's not my people, it's not my problem."

1088
00:40:11.100 --> 00:40:13.510
And so, these type of

1089
00:40:14.460 --> 00:40:18.060
structures are attractive

1090
00:40:18.060 --> 00:40:20.190
to tourists who may not

1091
00:40:20.190 --> 00:40:22.440
take into consideration what

1092
00:40:22.440 --> 00:40:24.780
their actions within the cemetery

1093
00:40:24.780 --> 00:40:27.780
might do to help degrade it even further.

1094
00:40:27.780 --> 00:40:30.360
So, education and outreach is really important

1095
00:40:30.360 --> 00:40:31.533
in this situation.

1096
00:40:32.460 --> 00:40:34.800
Storms do a big damage,

1097
00:40:34.800 --> 00:40:36.840
do big damage to cemeteries as well.

1098
00:40:36.840 --> 00:40:39.510
We're going back to the Old Burying Ground at Beaufort.

1099
00:40:39.510 --> 00:40:43.140
This is after hurricanes Florence and Michael in 2018,

1100
00:40:43.140 --> 00:40:45.690
where all those big beautiful live oak trees

1101
00:40:45.690 --> 00:40:47.733
that are so atmospheric and delightful,

1102
00:40:48.720 --> 00:40:51.150
were obviously impacted by the storms.

1103
00:40:51.150 --> 00:40:53.040
And as they were

1104
00:40:53.040 --> 00:40:55.050
pulled up and they fell over,

1105
00:40:55.050 --> 00:40:59.680
they exposed cemetery features

1106
00:41:00.540 --> 00:41:02.460
within the fill,

1107
00:41:02.460 --> 00:41:04.200
within the root ball.

1108
00:41:04.200 --> 00:41:05.070
And some of these

1109
00:41:05.070 --> 00:41:06.900
were items that got buried over time,

1110
00:41:06.900 --> 00:41:07.733
and some of these,

1111
00:41:07.733 --> 00:41:09.480
like in the red circle on the right,

1112
00:41:09.480 --> 00:41:12.090
were never intended to be exposed.

1113
00:41:12.090 --> 00:41:14.730
And so, there is a very delicate process

1114
00:41:14.730 --> 00:41:16.500
for removing these trees,

1115
00:41:16.500 --> 00:41:20.490
especially involving not bringing heavy equipment like

1116
00:41:20.490 --> 00:41:22.380
even pickup trucks or

1117
00:41:22.380 --> 00:41:24.690
cranes like were necessary within

1118
00:41:24.690 --> 00:41:27.300
the confines of the cemetery grounds,

1119
00:41:27.300 --> 00:41:30.600
because these old cemeteries are very fragile

1120
00:41:30.600 --> 00:41:32.280
and the weight of these large

1121
00:41:32.280 --> 00:41:33.690
pieces of equipment

1122
00:41:33.690 --> 00:41:36.120
could impact the cemetery further.

1123
00:41:36.120 --> 00:41:38.910
Especially if you remember that

1124
00:41:38.910 --> 00:41:39.960
a lot of the very

1125
00:41:39.960 --> 00:41:42.060
oldest graves in this cemetery

1126
00:41:42.060 --> 00:41:43.440
are no longer marked

1127
00:41:43.440 --> 00:41:45.840
and we're not a 100% where all of them are.

1128
00:41:45.840 --> 00:41:48.030
And so, we want to make sure that

1129
00:41:48.030 --> 00:41:50.460
the tree removal process isn't just

1130
00:41:50.460 --> 00:41:52.230
yank 'em out of the ground,

1131
00:41:52.230 --> 00:41:54.300
that it's done in a very sensitive way

1132
00:41:54.300 --> 00:41:56.610
in order to prevent further damage,

1133
00:41:56.610 --> 00:41:58.473
after damage has already occurred.

1134
00:41:59.460 --> 00:42:01.770
And so, there is a process

1135
00:42:01.770 --> 00:42:04.740
and my offices can help, my office.

1136
00:42:04.740 --> 00:42:06.780
And we partnered with FEMA

1137
00:42:06.780 --> 00:42:08.190
to help people

1138
00:42:08.190 --> 00:42:09.870
figure out the best plan

1139
00:42:09.870 --> 00:42:11.130
for going about

1140
00:42:11.130 --> 00:42:14.130
the restoration of these places.

1141
00:42:14.130 --> 00:42:16.890
So what is the state of North Carolina doing

1142
00:42:16.890 --> 00:42:18.630
for these cemeteries,

1143
00:42:18.630 --> 00:42:20.220
especially the ones along the coast

1144
00:42:20.220 --> 00:42:21.690
that are so threatened?

1145
00:42:21.690 --> 00:42:22.800
Well, we did receive

1146
00:42:22.800 --> 00:42:25.380
an emergency supplemental historic preservation fund

1147
00:42:25.380 --> 00:42:27.360
by the National Park Service

1148
00:42:27.360 --> 00:42:30.210
after the two storms in 2018,

1149
00:42:30.210 --> 00:42:31.860
Florence and Michael,

1150
00:42:31.860 --> 00:42:34.680
to do a cemetery survey of,

1151
00:42:34.680 --> 00:42:37.050
primarily right now this phase,

1152
00:42:37.050 --> 00:42:38.910
state-owned and managed properties

1153
00:42:38.910 --> 00:42:40.380
in these nine coastal counties

1154
00:42:40.380 --> 00:42:41.820
that were impacted by the storms.

1155
00:42:41.820 --> 00:42:43.590
And we're both identifying

1156
00:42:43.590 --> 00:42:44.820
cemeteries that we

1157
00:42:44.820 --> 00:42:46.350
already know about,

1158
00:42:46.350 --> 00:42:47.370
just check on them,

1159
00:42:47.370 --> 00:42:49.320
to see how they've been impacted by

1160
00:42:49.320 --> 00:42:51.300
these storms and other climate

1161
00:42:51.300 --> 00:42:53.790
and storm events that have happened since then.

1162
00:42:53.790 --> 00:42:56.310
But also trying to identify new cemeteries,

1163
00:42:56.310 --> 00:42:58.740
especially those that are very faintly marked

1164
00:42:58.740 --> 00:43:00.330
like we had talked about,

1165
00:43:00.330 --> 00:43:01.530
to add to our list

1166
00:43:01.530 --> 00:43:03.870
to help land managers

1167
00:43:03.870 --> 00:43:07.620
develop plans because a lot of these coastal

1168
00:43:07.620 --> 00:43:10.530
state-owned and managed properties are environmental

1169
00:43:10.530 --> 00:43:12.990
or wildlife protection areas,

1170
00:43:12.990 --> 00:43:14.250
and they're not archeologists.

1171
00:43:14.250 --> 00:43:16.470
So, we're going to help them develop plans.

1172
00:43:16.470 --> 00:43:19.530
And if our models are successful with this,

1173
00:43:19.530 --> 00:43:20.610
then we can share with

1174
00:43:20.610 --> 00:43:22.830
other places up and down the coast,

1175
00:43:22.830 --> 00:43:24.240
as well as other private,

1176
00:43:24.240 --> 00:43:26.760
county, and municipal land managers

1177
00:43:26.760 --> 00:43:28.770
who need help developing a plan to

1178
00:43:28.770 --> 00:43:30.240
protect their cemetery.

1179
00:43:30.240 --> 00:43:32.400
So to identify the ones we don't know about

1180
00:43:32.400 --> 00:43:34.450
we are, especially ones associated with

1181
00:43:35.490 --> 00:43:40.490
pre and just post-emancipation African-American communities,

1182
00:43:41.310 --> 00:43:43.530
we're doing a lot of document research

1183
00:43:43.530 --> 00:43:45.810
in which we are triangulating

1184
00:43:45.810 --> 00:43:48.510
known historic resources

1185
00:43:48.510 --> 00:43:50.520
in order to find cemeteries.

1186
00:43:50.520 --> 00:43:51.600
Where I talked about

1187
00:43:51.600 --> 00:43:52.920
before using the cemetery

1188
00:43:52.920 --> 00:43:55.200
to help triangulate where other resources are,

1189
00:43:55.200 --> 00:43:56.940
we have enough historic resources,

1190
00:43:56.940 --> 00:43:59.040
enough documentation in this area

1191
00:43:59.040 --> 00:44:00.060
to do the reverse.

1192
00:44:00.060 --> 00:44:01.140
So you can see

1193
00:44:01.140 --> 00:44:03.150
we have other cemeteries,

1194
00:44:03.150 --> 00:44:06.690
plantations, African American churches

1195
00:44:06.690 --> 00:44:07.523
in which we are

1196
00:44:07.523 --> 00:44:09.210
comparing where they are

1197
00:44:09.210 --> 00:44:10.470
in order to predict

1198
00:44:10.470 --> 00:44:11.820
where we might find

1199
00:44:11.820 --> 00:44:14.403
other cemeteries within these areas.

1200
00:44:15.240 --> 00:44:16.740
And we will be doing those research

1201
00:44:16.740 --> 00:44:17.730
over the next couple of years,

1202
00:44:17.730 --> 00:44:18.563
so we hope

1203
00:44:18.563 --> 00:44:19.590
you pay attention to our,

1204
00:44:19.590 --> 00:44:20.670
or stay tuned

1205
00:44:20.670 --> 00:44:21.930
and visit our website

1206
00:44:21.930 --> 00:44:24.600
to learn more as we move forward.

1207
00:44:24.600 --> 00:44:25.530
I'm also here to

1208
00:44:25.530 --> 00:44:29.160
answer any other question about cemeteries in general,

1209
00:44:29.160 --> 00:44:30.410
not just on the coast.

1210
00:44:30.410 --> 00:44:31.560
If you have any weird

1211
00:44:31.560 --> 00:44:34.050
cemetery questions or not-so-weird cemetery questions,

1212
00:44:34.050 --> 00:44:35.490
I realize that this is not

1213
00:44:35.490 --> 00:44:37.170
a topic that most people think about,

1214
00:44:37.170 --> 00:44:38.940
but I am here to answer your questions.

1215
00:44:38.940 --> 00:44:40.140
You can find us on Facebook.

1216
00:44:40.140 --> 00:44:42.810
We also have a dedicated cemetery page

1217
00:44:42.810 --> 00:44:43.890
where you can learn about

1218
00:44:43.890 --> 00:44:46.400
cemetery resources, the laws that govern cemeteries

1219
00:44:46.400 --> 00:44:49.500
in North Carolina, et cetera.

1220
00:44:49.500 --> 00:44:52.714
And so, I have just finished

1221
00:44:52.714 --> 00:44:55.650
and I think we can move onto

1222
00:44:55.650 --> 00:44:57.300
the question and answer section,

1223
00:44:57.300 --> 00:45:00.690
if anyone wants to think about that.

1224
00:45:00.690 --> 00:45:02.370
<v Shannon>All right, well thank you Melissa.</v>

1225
00:45:02.370 --> 00:45:03.753
That was fascinating.

1226
00:45:04.650 --> 00:45:06.750
Lots of great information in there.

1227
00:45:06.750 --> 00:45:08.550
Now, if you haven't typed your question in,

1228
00:45:08.550 --> 00:45:10.200
please remember that you can do so

1229
00:45:10.200 --> 00:45:11.190
in the question box

1230
00:45:11.190 --> 00:45:13.230
and we're gonna get to those in just a minute.

1231
00:45:13.230 --> 00:45:15.870
Also, if you haven't downloaded Melissa's bio,

1232
00:45:15.870 --> 00:45:16.703
in the chat box,

1233
00:45:16.703 --> 00:45:18.360
you might want to do that now.

1234
00:45:18.360 --> 00:45:19.200
And in that bio,

1235
00:45:19.200 --> 00:45:21.090
you're gonna find more information about Melissa,

1236
00:45:21.090 --> 00:45:22.830
but you'll also find some of those links

1237
00:45:22.830 --> 00:45:23.663
that she's mentioned

1238
00:45:23.663 --> 00:45:25.770
that might be of interest to you.

1239
00:45:25.770 --> 00:45:27.660
So I also wanna say, Melissa,

1240
00:45:27.660 --> 00:45:32.250
that Mark Losavio, our media and outreach coordinator

1241
00:45:32.250 --> 00:45:34.860
joined us while you were talking,

1242
00:45:34.860 --> 00:45:38.520
so I'm gonna let Mark help me field the questions.

1243
00:45:38.520 --> 00:45:39.420
But the first question

1244
00:45:39.420 --> 00:45:40.957
I had that came in said,

1245
00:45:40.957 --> 00:45:42.780
"The Appalachian grave houses

1246
00:45:42.780 --> 00:45:45.877
looked very similar to Native American burial houses."

1247
00:45:45.877 --> 00:45:48.567
"Is there any correlation there at all?"

1248
00:45:49.740 --> 00:45:50.573
<v ->There could be,</v>

1249
00:45:50.573 --> 00:45:52.950
but from the research that I've seen,

1250
00:45:52.950 --> 00:45:57.950
they've been mostly tied with European Americans.

1251
00:45:58.560 --> 00:46:01.230
However, being in a very rural area,

1252
00:46:01.230 --> 00:46:04.743
rural areas tend to be a great melting pot,

1253
00:46:05.700 --> 00:46:07.200
especially in the old days,

1254
00:46:07.200 --> 00:46:08.430
of different communities

1255
00:46:08.430 --> 00:46:10.230
that are out on the frontiers coming together.

1256
00:46:10.230 --> 00:46:11.063
So, there could be,

1257
00:46:11.063 --> 00:46:13.110
there's always a possibility,

1258
00:46:13.110 --> 00:46:15.150
but that's not what I've seen in the research.

1259
00:46:15.150 --> 00:46:16.860
But again, this is an area that

1260
00:46:16.860 --> 00:46:19.110
more research needs to be done.

1261
00:46:19.110 --> 00:46:20.010
<v Shannon>Okay, thank you.</v>

1262
00:46:20.010 --> 00:46:23.070
And Mark, is there a question that you want to ask?

1263
00:46:23.070 --> 00:46:24.620
<v Mark>Yes, and hi everybody.</v>

1264
00:46:26.640 --> 00:46:27.967
This question is about Florida.

1265
00:46:27.967 --> 00:46:29.430
"In Florida, we have found

1266
00:46:29.430 --> 00:46:31.080
that historic cemeteries

1267
00:46:31.080 --> 00:46:34.417
are a really under-recorded resource."

1268
00:46:34.417 --> 00:46:36.667
"Have you found that to be the case in North Carolina?"

1269
00:46:36.667 --> 00:46:38.670
"And if so,

1270
00:46:38.670 --> 00:46:41.367
have you all found an effective way to address that?"

1271
00:46:42.390 --> 00:46:44.550
<v ->Yes, definitely very under-recorded.</v>

1272
00:46:44.550 --> 00:46:45.930
There were some periods of time

1273
00:46:45.930 --> 00:46:47.340
in the past where,

1274
00:46:47.340 --> 00:46:49.320
for whatever reason,

1275
00:46:49.320 --> 00:46:51.810
cemeteries were not recorded like archeological

1276
00:46:51.810 --> 00:46:52.710
or historic sites.

1277
00:46:52.710 --> 00:46:53.940
And I don't know why,

1278
00:46:53.940 --> 00:46:55.200
but we're definitely changing that.

1279
00:46:55.200 --> 00:46:56.100
So, for example,

1280
00:46:56.100 --> 00:46:58.290
Dare County, which is one of the older counties

1281
00:46:58.290 --> 00:46:59.790
along the coast,

1282
00:46:59.790 --> 00:47:04.110
we have 10 cemeteries recorded in the state register,

1283
00:47:04.110 --> 00:47:04.943
and we know

1284
00:47:04.943 --> 00:47:06.300
there's a whole book.

1285
00:47:06.300 --> 00:47:08.280
So, we know that there is

1286
00:47:08.280 --> 00:47:09.990
a ton more cemeteries

1287
00:47:09.990 --> 00:47:11.640
in Dare County.

1288
00:47:11.640 --> 00:47:14.460
So that is something we are definitely actively working on.

1289
00:47:14.460 --> 00:47:17.910
My whole position was established a few years ago

1290
00:47:17.910 --> 00:47:18.900
in order to

1291
00:47:18.900 --> 00:47:20.460
help work on

1292
00:47:20.460 --> 00:47:22.260
this issue of cemeteries

1293
00:47:22.260 --> 00:47:23.580
not being addressed

1294
00:47:23.580 --> 00:47:26.730
as thoroughly as other resources in the past.

1295
00:47:26.730 --> 00:47:29.580
So we are starting with some internal records,

1296
00:47:29.580 --> 00:47:32.460
some state-level records held by other agencies

1297
00:47:32.460 --> 00:47:33.630
to build our records.

1298
00:47:33.630 --> 00:47:35.940
And then, we're getting a new database soon,

1299
00:47:35.940 --> 00:47:37.620
so we'll be reaching out,

1300
00:47:37.620 --> 00:47:39.420
after that's established,

1301
00:47:39.420 --> 00:47:42.300
to counties and municipalities,

1302
00:47:42.300 --> 00:47:47.300
and institutions like universities and churches,

1303
00:47:47.520 --> 00:47:48.870
in order to bring in

1304
00:47:48.870 --> 00:47:50.970
more of this information.

1305
00:47:50.970 --> 00:47:52.830
There are lots of resources out there

1306
00:47:52.830 --> 00:47:53.670
that we know of,

1307
00:47:53.670 --> 00:47:55.170
we are just working on

1308
00:47:55.170 --> 00:47:57.450
the best way to streamline it because

1309
00:47:57.450 --> 00:47:59.310
the Cemetery Program is

1310
00:47:59.310 --> 00:48:00.670
a really generous term

1311
00:48:01.620 --> 00:48:04.380
for me and two temporary employees.

1312
00:48:04.380 --> 00:48:07.380
So it is something that we're working on,

1313
00:48:07.380 --> 00:48:10.233
but yes, definitely very underrepresented.

1314
00:48:11.400 --> 00:48:13.470
<v Shannon>Okay, and another question that came in</v>

1315
00:48:13.470 --> 00:48:15.990
that said, "In many cases cemeteries are removed

1316
00:48:15.990 --> 00:48:18.367
when there are no known relatives anymore."

1317
00:48:18.367 --> 00:48:20.280
"Which criteria do they have to meet

1318
00:48:20.280 --> 00:48:21.933
for cemeteries or graves,

1319
00:48:22.890 --> 00:48:24.180
in order that the government

1320
00:48:24.180 --> 00:48:25.620
or federal or state

1321
00:48:25.620 --> 00:48:27.220
will come in and care for them?"

1322
00:48:28.080 --> 00:48:29.160
<v ->We don't have one</v>

1323
00:48:29.160 --> 00:48:31.800
under North Carolina General Statutes.

1324
00:48:31.800 --> 00:48:33.720
Cemeteries aren't generally removed

1325
00:48:33.720 --> 00:48:35.430
unless there is something

1326
00:48:35.430 --> 00:48:36.390
instigating a move,

1327
00:48:36.390 --> 00:48:37.500
whether that be

1328
00:48:37.500 --> 00:48:38.760
the descendants choosing

1329
00:48:38.760 --> 00:48:41.130
to move people to a new place

1330
00:48:41.130 --> 00:48:42.630
or there is

1331
00:48:42.630 --> 00:48:45.720
some sort of development or a DOT,

1332
00:48:45.720 --> 00:48:48.390
or an Army Corps of Engineers project that's happening

1333
00:48:48.390 --> 00:48:50.190
and there's no other way around it,

1334
00:48:50.190 --> 00:48:51.890
that they're going to be impacted.

1335
00:48:53.250 --> 00:48:55.290
But there is nothing

1336
00:48:55.290 --> 00:48:57.210
that in the General Statutes

1337
00:48:57.210 --> 00:48:59.340
in North Carolina, right now,

1338
00:48:59.340 --> 00:49:02.160
that mandates any landowner

1339
00:49:02.160 --> 00:49:03.630
or any individual

1340
00:49:03.630 --> 00:49:05.910
to do anything to a cemetery

1341
00:49:05.910 --> 00:49:07.110
as far as take care of it.

1342
00:49:07.110 --> 00:49:08.640
There's lots of things you can't do,

1343
00:49:08.640 --> 00:49:11.077
like pull up graves or disturb remains,

1344
00:49:11.077 --> 00:49:14.280
or disturb the artifacts

1345
00:49:14.280 --> 00:49:17.100
or the memorial plants.

1346
00:49:17.100 --> 00:49:20.160
But there is nothing triggering, right now,

1347
00:49:20.160 --> 00:49:22.740
anybody to care for a cemetery,

1348
00:49:22.740 --> 00:49:24.090
which is good and bad.

1349
00:49:24.090 --> 00:49:26.070
For some of these rural ones,

1350
00:49:26.070 --> 00:49:27.150
that means they stay

1351
00:49:27.150 --> 00:49:27.983
sort of hidden,

1352
00:49:27.983 --> 00:49:29.160
outta sight, outta mind.

1353
00:49:29.160 --> 00:49:30.630
No hooligans can get in there

1354
00:49:30.630 --> 00:49:32.250
if they don't know it's there in the first place.

1355
00:49:32.250 --> 00:49:34.440
But it can be very

1356
00:49:34.440 --> 00:49:37.140
emotional and very impactful for people who

1357
00:49:37.140 --> 00:49:38.280
want to see a

1358
00:49:38.280 --> 00:49:40.290
different path taken.

1359
00:49:40.290 --> 00:49:42.000
And there's ways that we can talk

1360
00:49:42.000 --> 00:49:43.290
to individuals who

1361
00:49:43.290 --> 00:49:44.190
feel like they

1362
00:49:44.190 --> 00:49:45.840
want to take on a project like that,

1363
00:49:45.840 --> 00:49:48.000
but, right now, there is not a trigger for

1364
00:49:48.000 --> 00:49:49.590
any state agency

1365
00:49:49.590 --> 00:49:53.190
to particularly assume control

1366
00:49:53.190 --> 00:49:54.023
or a county

1367
00:49:54.023 --> 00:49:55.920
or municipal government

1368
00:49:55.920 --> 00:49:58.563
to assume control to care of a cemetery.

1369
00:49:59.850 --> 00:50:01.560
<v Shannon>Okay, Mark, do you have another question</v>

1370
00:50:01.560 --> 00:50:03.210
you would like to ask?

1371
00:50:03.210 --> 00:50:05.527
<v Mark>Yes, I actually really love this question.</v>

1372
00:50:05.527 --> 00:50:07.500
"Do you have any historical fiction

1373
00:50:07.500 --> 00:50:09.660
or nonfiction book suggestions

1374
00:50:09.660 --> 00:50:11.367
to learn more about this topic?"

1375
00:50:12.600 --> 00:50:13.953
<v ->Historical books?</v>

1376
00:50:15.306 --> 00:50:18.360
(sighs) Oh yes, actually, there is a

1377
00:50:18.360 --> 00:50:20.460
pretty famous book in North Carolina.

1378
00:50:20.460 --> 00:50:22.590
It's called "Sticks and Stones"

1379
00:50:22.590 --> 00:50:24.510
by M. Ruth Little.

1380
00:50:24.510 --> 00:50:26.820
It's a beautiful sort of the seminal work

1381
00:50:26.820 --> 00:50:29.850
of North Carolina historic cemeteries.

1382
00:50:29.850 --> 00:50:32.190
It's a beautiful hardcover book that you can get,

1383
00:50:32.190 --> 00:50:34.170
I got mine on Amazon,

1384
00:50:34.170 --> 00:50:36.150
that has lots of great images.

1385
00:50:36.150 --> 00:50:39.060
But as far as fiction goes,

1386
00:50:39.060 --> 00:50:41.010
I'm not quite sure.

1387
00:50:41.010 --> 00:50:42.660
I'd have to think about that.

1388
00:50:42.660 --> 00:50:44.970
But definitely, if you wanna know more about

1389
00:50:44.970 --> 00:50:46.590
North Carolina cemeteries,

1390
00:50:46.590 --> 00:50:48.090
get Ruth Little's book because

1391
00:50:48.090 --> 00:50:51.990
it has so much great information

1392
00:50:51.990 --> 00:50:55.320
and a lot of really beautiful images of cemeteries,

1393
00:50:55.320 --> 00:50:56.190
some of which are

1394
00:50:56.190 --> 00:50:58.440
sort of worse for wear since she's made it.

1395
00:50:58.440 --> 00:50:59.560
So, it's great to see

1396
00:51:00.450 --> 00:51:04.020
what they looked like before some of these were impacted.

1397
00:51:04.020 --> 00:51:06.517
<v Shannon>Okay, another question that came in said,</v>

1398
00:51:06.517 --> 00:51:08.640
"Are there any burial traditions

1399
00:51:08.640 --> 00:51:10.170
among the indigenous people

1400
00:51:10.170 --> 00:51:12.390
traditionally located in the area,

1401
00:51:12.390 --> 00:51:15.588
that leave recognizable landscapes or artifacts

1402
00:51:15.588 --> 00:51:18.630
that your office might document?"

1403
00:51:18.630 --> 00:51:20.040
<v ->There probably are,</v>

1404
00:51:20.040 --> 00:51:22.200
but that's something that I'm not very familiar with

1405
00:51:22.200 --> 00:51:24.660
and that's something that I really want to learn more about.

1406
00:51:24.660 --> 00:51:27.918
Right now, we've got a really great partnership with

1407
00:51:27.918 --> 00:51:30.420
the North Carolina African American Heritage Commission.

1408
00:51:30.420 --> 00:51:33.360
And we have the African American Cemetery Program,

1409
00:51:33.360 --> 00:51:35.550
where we're documenting

1410
00:51:35.550 --> 00:51:39.600
and recording and working with communities,

1411
00:51:39.600 --> 00:51:42.150
with African American cemeteries.

1412
00:51:42.150 --> 00:51:43.950
North Carolina recently

1413
00:51:43.950 --> 00:51:46.830
established Native American Heritage Commission,

1414
00:51:46.830 --> 00:51:49.440
and, I mean, they're not even off the ground yet.

1415
00:51:49.440 --> 00:51:51.120
But that's one of the things that

1416
00:51:51.120 --> 00:51:51.953
as soon as they're

1417
00:51:51.953 --> 00:51:54.180
up and ready, I will be knocking on their door

1418
00:51:54.180 --> 00:51:57.243
to figure that out.

1419
00:51:59.670 --> 00:52:02.550
I focus mostly on post-contact,

1420
00:52:02.550 --> 00:52:04.620
but I know that there has to be

1421
00:52:04.620 --> 00:52:07.740
pre-contact Native American traditions as well,

1422
00:52:07.740 --> 00:52:09.420
and I definitely wanna partner with them

1423
00:52:09.420 --> 00:52:10.650
to learn more because

1424
00:52:10.650 --> 00:52:14.250
the tribal culture, is much like every other part of

1425
00:52:14.250 --> 00:52:15.390
the United States,

1426
00:52:15.390 --> 00:52:16.590
are very varied

1427
00:52:16.590 --> 00:52:18.270
and there are different traditions that happened

1428
00:52:18.270 --> 00:52:19.103
in different places.

1429
00:52:19.103 --> 00:52:21.480
So, I definitely wanna partner with them

1430
00:52:21.480 --> 00:52:22.890
and their staff

1431
00:52:22.890 --> 00:52:25.170
and the other tribal communities along

1432
00:52:25.170 --> 00:52:28.170
the coast and in North Carolina, in general, to learn more.

1433
00:52:28.170 --> 00:52:31.740
But that is a serious gap in my personal knowledge

1434
00:52:31.740 --> 00:52:34.950
that I am actively working on because it is

1435
00:52:34.950 --> 00:52:38.280
definitely something that is not as

1436
00:52:38.280 --> 00:52:40.860
readily recorded because there's not a whole lot of

1437
00:52:40.860 --> 00:52:42.510
research that has been done,

1438
00:52:42.510 --> 00:52:43.983
and that needs to change.

1439
00:52:44.910 --> 00:52:45.930
<v Shannon>Okay, and Mark,</v>

1440
00:52:45.930 --> 00:52:48.080
I think we have time for one more question.

1441
00:52:49.290 --> 00:52:50.520
<v Mark>All right,</v>

1442
00:52:50.520 --> 00:52:51.397
I think this is a good question.

1443
00:52:51.397 --> 00:52:53.640
"Has this inventory project

1444
00:52:53.640 --> 00:52:56.250
revealed any unanticipated

1445
00:52:56.250 --> 00:52:59.190
or surprising revelations

1446
00:52:59.190 --> 00:53:00.837
or new research questions?"

1447
00:53:02.370 --> 00:53:06.830
<v ->Yes, mostly just the...</v>

1448
00:53:08.820 --> 00:53:11.790
Okay, so we're working on this

1449
00:53:11.790 --> 00:53:15.720
and especially going into some of the older surveys

1450
00:53:15.720 --> 00:53:17.460
that were done in

1451
00:53:17.460 --> 00:53:21.570
the '40s, '50s, '60s, '70s, 80's, and '90s,

1452
00:53:21.570 --> 00:53:24.150
we have discovered that

1453
00:53:24.150 --> 00:53:26.760
only about 8% of the cemeteries

1454
00:53:26.760 --> 00:53:28.710
that have been surveyed

1455
00:53:28.710 --> 00:53:30.270
are African American related,

1456
00:53:30.270 --> 00:53:31.980
and that's a problem.

1457
00:53:31.980 --> 00:53:33.900
We also have

1458
00:53:33.900 --> 00:53:38.700
that 56% of those are unattributable,

1459
00:53:38.700 --> 00:53:42.000
so we have no idea who they're associated with.

1460
00:53:42.000 --> 00:53:43.590
And so, we have to figure out

1461
00:53:43.590 --> 00:53:45.480
better ways to do

1462
00:53:45.480 --> 00:53:49.830
research and develop partnerships within communities

1463
00:53:49.830 --> 00:53:52.020
because, again, it's me

1464
00:53:52.020 --> 00:53:53.100
and two temporary people,

1465
00:53:53.100 --> 00:53:54.810
and I can't do the whole state,

1466
00:53:54.810 --> 00:53:56.290
even though I sort of

1467
00:53:57.420 --> 00:54:00.480
oversee questions from the entire state.

1468
00:54:00.480 --> 00:54:01.470
So we need

1469
00:54:01.470 --> 00:54:03.990
a better way to do more effective research,

1470
00:54:03.990 --> 00:54:05.140
to be able

1471
00:54:07.694 --> 00:54:09.250
to demonstrate that

1472
00:54:10.140 --> 00:54:12.420
these communities are doing these things.

1473
00:54:12.420 --> 00:54:14.220
We're also noticing,

1474
00:54:14.220 --> 00:54:17.280
while there are some blanket descriptions for

1475
00:54:17.280 --> 00:54:20.190
what enslaved communities cemeteries look like,

1476
00:54:20.190 --> 00:54:23.550
those models don't fit the entire state of North Carolina.

1477
00:54:23.550 --> 00:54:24.750
The people along the coast

1478
00:54:24.750 --> 00:54:27.450
that are influenced by the Gullah Geechee communities,

1479
00:54:28.320 --> 00:54:31.590
their traditions are not represented in the Piedmont,

1480
00:54:31.590 --> 00:54:34.890
like east of the mountains

1481
00:54:34.890 --> 00:54:37.953
and west of the coast,

1482
00:54:39.030 --> 00:54:41.220
Raleigh, Durham, Sanford, Charlotte.

1483
00:54:41.220 --> 00:54:44.430
We don't see those same traditions reflected

1484
00:54:44.430 --> 00:54:45.263
in the Piedmont,

1485
00:54:45.263 --> 00:54:46.830
we see different

1486
00:54:46.830 --> 00:54:49.110
reflections in the mountains.

1487
00:54:49.110 --> 00:54:51.510
So that needs additional work.

1488
00:54:51.510 --> 00:54:52.343
There's a lot of

1489
00:54:53.628 --> 00:54:54.780
really interesting research projects

1490
00:54:54.780 --> 00:54:57.240
that have started within the last year or two

1491
00:54:57.240 --> 00:54:58.710
that are examining just that.

1492
00:54:58.710 --> 00:55:00.120
What are these regional trends?

1493
00:55:00.120 --> 00:55:02.460
So what we've learned is that

1494
00:55:02.460 --> 00:55:05.670
there are far more nuances, of course,

1495
00:55:05.670 --> 00:55:08.250
and a lot more questions that need to be answered.

1496
00:55:08.250 --> 00:55:09.720
So, I call that job security

1497
00:55:09.720 --> 00:55:10.920
because there's always something

1498
00:55:10.920 --> 00:55:12.453
new to learn about cemeteries.

1499
00:55:13.650 --> 00:55:15.750
<v Shannon>All right, very good.</v>

1500
00:55:15.750 --> 00:55:17.760
Well, if we did not get to your question

1501
00:55:17.760 --> 00:55:19.080
or if you have additional ones,

1502
00:55:19.080 --> 00:55:20.700
you can always send them to Melissa,

1503
00:55:20.700 --> 00:55:21.930
and her email address

1504
00:55:21.930 --> 00:55:23.610
is listed here on the screen.

1505
00:55:23.610 --> 00:55:25.200
We also advise you to learn more

1506
00:55:25.200 --> 00:55:26.400
by visiting the website

1507
00:55:26.400 --> 00:55:27.600
for the Cemetery Program,

1508
00:55:27.600 --> 00:55:28.980
which is also listed there

1509
00:55:28.980 --> 00:55:29.813
on the screen.

1510
00:55:29.813 --> 00:55:31.710
And it's also in your handout,

1511
00:55:31.710 --> 00:55:35.220
if you had downloaded the bio for Melissa.

1512
00:55:35.220 --> 00:55:37.200
A video recording of the presentation

1513
00:55:37.200 --> 00:55:40.230
will be available on the Sanctuaries' Webinar Archives page,

1514
00:55:40.230 --> 00:55:43.140
found at the URL listed at the top.

1515
00:55:43.140 --> 00:55:44.670
In addition, the webinar will be on the

1516
00:55:44.670 --> 00:55:46.620
Monitor National Marine Sanctuary's website.

1517
00:55:46.620 --> 00:55:48.540
You'll just click on the Multimedia section

1518
00:55:48.540 --> 00:55:49.440
in the toolbar

1519
00:55:49.440 --> 00:55:51.240
to access the webinar box.

1520
00:55:51.240 --> 00:55:53.760
You'll also find future webinars in that same section.

1521
00:55:53.760 --> 00:55:54.593
And, don't worry,

1522
00:55:54.593 --> 00:55:56.460
all of this information will be sent to you

1523
00:55:56.460 --> 00:55:57.990
in a follow up email

1524
00:55:57.990 --> 00:56:00.240
once the recording is ready to view.

1525
00:56:00.240 --> 00:56:01.440
Usually takes us about

1526
00:56:01.440 --> 00:56:02.273
at least a week

1527
00:56:02.273 --> 00:56:03.480
to get it up on the website.

1528
00:56:03.480 --> 00:56:05.493
So, be patient, it will be there.

1529
00:56:06.810 --> 00:56:08.460
I did wanna invite you that tomorrow,

1530
00:56:08.460 --> 00:56:10.740
you can join the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries

1531
00:56:10.740 --> 00:56:14.580
to discover what National Marine Sanctuaries have to offer

1532
00:56:14.580 --> 00:56:16.410
and how educational materials

1533
00:56:16.410 --> 00:56:18.630
bring the ocean and Great Lakes waters into your

1534
00:56:18.630 --> 00:56:21.660
classroom, home, facility, or wherever you learn best.

1535
00:56:21.660 --> 00:56:23.280
You'll also learn more about our new

1536
00:56:23.280 --> 00:56:25.020
USPS Forever stamps,

1537
00:56:25.020 --> 00:56:27.360
the Reyn Spooner Aloha shirt collaboration,

1538
00:56:27.360 --> 00:56:29.070
Sherman's Lagoons Comics,

1539
00:56:29.070 --> 00:56:30.960
and an exciting new partnership

1540
00:56:30.960 --> 00:56:33.210
with National Geographic Society.

1541
00:56:33.210 --> 00:56:34.410
And on Thursday,

1542
00:56:34.410 --> 00:56:36.930
join the webinar to hear an overview of the partnership

1543
00:56:36.930 --> 00:56:38.940
between the Ocean Exploration Trust

1544
00:56:38.940 --> 00:56:40.710
and the key Monument stakeholders,

1545
00:56:40.710 --> 00:56:43.500
as well as the summarization of the scientific discoveries

1546
00:56:43.500 --> 00:56:44.430
of the recent

1547
00:56:44.430 --> 00:56:47.553
deep-sea explorations of Papahanaumokuakea.

1548
00:56:49.050 --> 00:56:51.000
For our "Submerged North Carolina,"

1549
00:56:51.000 --> 00:56:54.630
we will have two webinars coming up that we know the names.

1550
00:56:54.630 --> 00:56:55.830
Well, we know that they're coming up.

1551
00:56:55.830 --> 00:56:58.320
December 6 will be Kyra Duffley.

1552
00:56:58.320 --> 00:57:00.000
She's a multimedia specialist with

1553
00:57:00.000 --> 00:57:01.740
The Mariners Museum and Park,

1554
00:57:01.740 --> 00:57:03.900
and she's gonna talk us through some of the paintings

1555
00:57:03.900 --> 00:57:05.490
that were created

1556
00:57:05.490 --> 00:57:06.323
in the past

1557
00:57:06.323 --> 00:57:08.790
to honor and remember the night the USS Monitor

1558
00:57:08.790 --> 00:57:10.440
sank off the North Carolina coast.

1559
00:57:10.440 --> 00:57:12.230
And then January 31st,

1560
00:57:12.230 --> 00:57:15.240
we have the exciting possibility or

1561
00:57:15.240 --> 00:57:18.840
probability of having Captain Bobbie Scholley.

1562
00:57:18.840 --> 00:57:20.970
She's the US Navy retired captain.

1563
00:57:20.970 --> 00:57:23.310
She led the expedition in 2002

1564
00:57:23.310 --> 00:57:25.350
to recover the Monitor's turret.

1565
00:57:25.350 --> 00:57:28.140
So come hear about the challenges the expedition faced

1566
00:57:28.140 --> 00:57:29.100
and all the triumphs,

1567
00:57:29.100 --> 00:57:30.213
and much, much more.

1568
00:57:31.680 --> 00:57:32.513
And, of course,

1569
00:57:32.513 --> 00:57:34.680
we always invite you to follow us on social media

1570
00:57:34.680 --> 00:57:37.480
to stay in touch with what's happening in the sanctuary.

1571
00:57:39.570 --> 00:57:41.640
And lastly, as you exit the webinar,

1572
00:57:41.640 --> 00:57:42.690
there is a short survey

1573
00:57:42.690 --> 00:57:44.490
for formal and informal educators.

1574
00:57:44.490 --> 00:57:45.990
If you are an educator,

1575
00:57:45.990 --> 00:57:47.310
NOAA would really appreciate it

1576
00:57:47.310 --> 00:57:48.570
if you just take a minute or two

1577
00:57:48.570 --> 00:57:49.830
to complete the survey.

1578
00:57:49.830 --> 00:57:52.290
Your answers will help NOAA develop future webinars

1579
00:57:52.290 --> 00:57:53.123
to meet your needs,

1580
00:57:53.123 --> 00:57:55.230
and your participation is always voluntary

1581
00:57:55.230 --> 00:57:57.513
and your answers are completely anonymous.

1582
00:57:58.440 --> 00:57:59.273
So, once again,

1583
00:57:59.273 --> 00:58:00.450
I want to thank you, Melissa,

1584
00:58:00.450 --> 00:58:02.040
for a great presentation

1585
00:58:02.040 --> 00:58:03.150
and thank all of you

1586
00:58:03.150 --> 00:58:04.350
for joining us today.

1587
00:58:04.350 --> 00:58:05.430
Have a wonderful day

1588
00:58:05.430 --> 00:58:07.863
and this concludes the presentation for all.