WEBVTT

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<v ->Today, we have about 60 folks joining us right now</v>

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of 200 registered.

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Before we get going,

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just a couple of quick housekeeping things.

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If you are having problems with your audio,

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it's typically your settings

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in the GoTo Webinar control panel.

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So go to the GoTo Webinar control panel and look for audio,

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and make sure that your speakers

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are set to the right speakers,

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whether they're internal or headphones

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or whatever you're using.

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That's usually the problem and make sure your volume is up.

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And if you do have any further questions on that

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or can't get it resolved,

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please type in the question box

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and Justin or Malia will be able to help you

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to resolve that.

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So hopefully that's it.

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And with that,

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we will get going.

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And in Hawaiian culture,

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it's proper to open the space for learning to set our minds

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and our soul in the right place for receiving knowledge.

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So I'm going to turn over the presentation to Malia Evans,

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who'll do the opening presentation for us.

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<v ->Aloha mai kākou.</v>

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So like Andy said,

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we're gonna set the space for that aʻo aku, aʻo mai.

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that giving and receiving of knowledge and information.

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And we'll do that through honoring

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with the Mele Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

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So I'm gonna turn off my camera

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so you folks can focus on the imagery

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and the stunning imagery and resonance of this chant.

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(chants in Hawaiian)

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<v ->Mahalo Malia for opening this up.</v>

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So we work for the NOAA's

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Office of National Marine Sanctuaries,

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which is the system in 2022

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in this year of 15 National Marine Sanctuaries

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across the country and into the Pacific.

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We have four proposed new National Marine Sanctuary sites,

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such as the Hudson Bay Canyon on the East Coast,

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which is the most recent one,

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but also on the West Coast,

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the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary

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and also Papahānaumokuākea National Marine Sanctuary.

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It's the proposed National Marine Sanctuary.

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So the system covers a lot of ocean and Great Lakes habitat

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and is expanding and we're protecting these areas

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for future generations and also enhancing the blue economy

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in these different communities.

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And this year we are celebrating 50 years, half a century,

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of protecting your ocean and Great Lakes resources.

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So we're celebrating with many events

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across the program, get into your century day events, talks,

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lectures, community involvement, kayaking.

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So there's all sorts of things going across the program.

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Please look on the website there

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and get involved if there's something going on

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in your community

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and help us celebrate 50 years of National Marine Sanctuary.

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So our site that we work for

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is Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

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We are also a UNESCO World Heritage Site

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for natural and cultural features.

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And we're the largest, fully protected area in the world.

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582,000 square miles of ocean and island habitat.

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And to the Northwestern Hawaiian Island,

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these people don't know

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this is still part of the state of Hawaiʻi.

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And I extend all the way out to Hōlanikū or Kure Atoll.

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And if you overlay it over the United States,

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you can see it covers vast area

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from about New Orleans to Las Vegas.

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So it's a very large area that we manage,

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and that certainly presents some challenges,

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but we have seven different management agencies

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that work together to manage this area

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and preserve it for the future generations.

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So today, our talk is called "Holu Lalo:

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A Strategy for Enhancing Resilience

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of French Frigate Shoals Atoll"

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and I am Andy Collins.

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I'm the education coordinator

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for Mokupāpapa Discovery Center

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and Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

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You also already heard from Malia Evans

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who's the O'ahu Education and Outreach person

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working under the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation.

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And also Justin Umholtz

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who's the education specialist

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here at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center,

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actually education coordinator also

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here at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center.

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And we are finally open.

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We opened in June, mid-June,

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after actually two years of closure.

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And since that time,

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we've greeted about 9,000 visitors

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who have come through our doors

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and participated in our program.

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If you are in Hilo,

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we are open Tuesdays through Saturday, 9:00 am to 4:00 pm.

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We would love to have you.

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We have a beautiful 3,500 gallon saltwater aquarium,

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many exhibits in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi

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or the Hawaiian language and English,

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and many other exhibits throughout our whole facility.

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So we hope to see you.

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If you do come to Hilo,

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please join and visit us for free.

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But across the program,

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National Marine Sanctuaries

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works to protect the biodiversity of these habitats.

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They also provide shelter

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and protected resting area for threatened

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and endangered species,

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such as honu or green tea turtle

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and ʻilio-holo-i-ka-uaua, the Hawaiian monk seal,

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and also many cultural heritage sites.

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This picture is from Mokumanamana,

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which is the second island

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up the chain in Papahānaumokuākea.

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And those features you see in this instance

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is part of a heiau or a sacred shrine on the island.

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And this island has the highest density of cultural sites

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anywhere in the Hawaiian Archipelago.

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We also protect a more recent maritime heritage site,

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shipwrecks across the program.

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Some sites are focused solely on shipwreck,

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such as the Monitor on the East Coast,

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and some of our shipwreck sites in the Great Lakes.

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We also conduct research on the habitats

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and species in these areas to understand how they're doing

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and if we could change certain management trends

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to protect these species better.

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We do conduct research to figure that out,

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and also monitoring of these habitats

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to see how they're changing over time due to climate change

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and other influences.

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In some cases,

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we're actually able to restore habitats

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and we're working on a huge program in the Florida Keys

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to restore several sites

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and outplant coral reefs to recover from damage

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and some of the changes that have occurred there.

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We conduct a lot of education programs such as this one,

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and what we're doing at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center

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and outreach programs.

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And we do this through many volunteers across the program.

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So if you are near a national Marine Sanctuary,

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we'd love to have you as a volunteer.

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They're the backbone of our program.

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And we need you to help us with managing these sites,

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conducting beach cleanups,

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doing outreach and other things.

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And of course,

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these are all just special

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and unique places that we're able to go to,

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to visit, to reconnect with ourselves,

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to reconnect with our soul,

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take a break from the crazy pace of our world,

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and just understand why we protect these places

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and what's so special about them.

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So Kilo, you can turn on your camera.

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So today we have a great presentation by Kilo.

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Let me (indistinct) for a second here.

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I have introduction for him.

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So Kilo is a native Hawaiian,

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born and raised on the island of Molokaʻi,

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where he developed his lifelong passion

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and love for the ocean, streams,

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and natural resource conservation.

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Kilo is a stream ecologist by training

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and earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in fish,

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wildlife, and conservation biology

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at Colorado State University.

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For his graduate research,

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he conducted a cross-disciplinary study on Molokaʻi

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and Maui highlighting the overlap

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as well as novel information that can emerge

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from integrating ecological and social research,

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focusing on hihiwai, that's Neritina granosa,

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and endemic fresh water gastropod

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that's a valuable cultural

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and food resource for Hawaiian communities.

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His research illustrated how bridging the gap

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between Western knowledge and science

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and traditional ecological knowledge

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through local community collaboration

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will be critical for developing effective management plans

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to ensure ecological

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and cultural sustainability of hihiwai in Hawaiʻi.

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As an indigenous scientist,

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Kilo's strongly committed to learning from others

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and passing on knowledge to future generations,

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bringing energy, skill, culture,

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and heart into conservation work.

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This current fellowship

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is focused on assisting in the development

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of a Lalo French Frigate Shoals resilience strategy report,

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as well as supporting

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Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

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and the Office of National Marine Sanctuary

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permitting program.

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So I'm gonna turn the screen over to you Kilo.

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Give me a second here.

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There we go.

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You can take it away.

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Looks good.
<v ->Hello everyone.</v>

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Mahalo Andy for that introduction,

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I just shared my screen.

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Is the title slide for my presentation showing?

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<v Andy>Yep, looks good.</v>

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<v ->Awesome.</v>

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Aloha everyone.

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Mahalo for the introduction.

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I am excited to be here today

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to be presenting the work that we're currently doing

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in efforts to develop a resilience strategy

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for French Frigate Shoals or Lalo.

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So Mahalo for everyone for attending today

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around the world.

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Okay.

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So Lalo is located in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands,

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and it's part of the larger complex of islands

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that make up the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

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or PMNM,

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and the Hawaiian Islands Wildlife Refuge,

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which encompasses nearly 600,000 square miles.

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Lalo, as part of PMNM,

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is jointly managed by four co-trustees:

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the Department of Commerce,

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the Department of the Interior,

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the State of Hawaii,

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and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs.

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The day to day management of PMNM is overseen by a board

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with members from each of the co-trustee agencies

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called the Monument Management Board or the MMB.

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So I realized that I will be utilizing

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a lot of acronyms and terms.

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So I wanted to briefly go over the ones

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that I'll be frequently revisiting,

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so at least you folks have some context

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as to the acronyms that I'm using.

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So first PMNM, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

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You may also hear me refer to this as strictly the Monument.

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Also Lalo.

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It's the Hawaiian name for French Frigate Shoals.

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And for the rest of this presentation,

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I'll be referring to this area as Lalo.

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MMB, like I mentioned in the previous slide,

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stands for the Monument Management Board.

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NOAA, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration.

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US Fish and Wildlife Services.

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DLNR DAR is the Department of Land and Natural Resources,

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Division of Aquatic Resources,

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as well as OHA, Office of Hawaiian Affairs.

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So what you see pictured here

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are the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

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that have many names in Hawaiian.

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Some of these names include Lalo,

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Nihoa, Mokumanamana, Kānemilohaʻi,

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as well as Hōlanikū, Manawai and Kuaihelani.

267
00:14:19.470 --> 00:14:21.690
In modern times, these islands

268
00:14:21.690 --> 00:14:24.480
are affectionately referred to as the Kupuna Islands,

269
00:14:24.480 --> 00:14:26.880
which means elder or ancestor islands.

270
00:14:26.880 --> 00:14:30.270
This is quite strongly represented from both the natural

271
00:14:30.270 --> 00:14:32.670
and cultural heritage of this region.

272
00:14:32.670 --> 00:14:34.920
So in addition to the Kupuna Islands,

273
00:14:34.920 --> 00:14:37.860
among these are spectacular species

274
00:14:37.860 --> 00:14:41.190
that native Hawaiians consider kūpuna or ancestors as well,

275
00:14:41.190 --> 00:14:42.990
and some of these are pictured here.

276
00:14:45.030 --> 00:14:46.950
I wanted to provide some cultural context

277
00:14:46.950 --> 00:14:49.200
for this unique archipelago.

278
00:14:49.200 --> 00:14:50.910
There are many types of chants,

279
00:14:50.910 --> 00:14:54.270
and Hawaiian creation chants are known as mele ko'i honua.

280
00:14:54.270 --> 00:14:56.640
These are chants that express Hawaiian cosmology

281
00:14:56.640 --> 00:14:58.740
or our stories of creation.

282
00:14:58.740 --> 00:15:00.720
The Kumulipo is probably the most well known

283
00:15:00.720 --> 00:15:02.130
Hawaiian creation chant

284
00:15:02.130 --> 00:15:03.900
that expresses Hawaiian cosmology

285
00:15:03.900 --> 00:15:06.810
in relation to time, space, and place,

286
00:15:06.810 --> 00:15:09.720
which specifies the unique identity of our geography

287
00:15:09.720 --> 00:15:11.130
here in Hawaii.

288
00:15:11.130 --> 00:15:12.600
According to Hawaiian intellect,

289
00:15:12.600 --> 00:15:15.150
the Kumulipo is divided into two parts.

290
00:15:15.150 --> 00:15:16.200
The first part of the chant

291
00:15:16.200 --> 00:15:19.443
expresses a primordial realm of darkness known as Pō.

292
00:15:20.610 --> 00:15:22.383
From this night realm Pō,

293
00:15:23.640 --> 00:15:26.220
both supernatural and natural elements originate.

294
00:15:26.220 --> 00:15:29.120
And it is here where spirits and gods are most pronounced.

295
00:15:32.610 --> 00:15:34.110
According to Hawaiian belief,

296
00:15:34.110 --> 00:15:35.760
this is a place where life originates

297
00:15:35.760 --> 00:15:38.310
and where spirits return to after passing.

298
00:15:38.310 --> 00:15:39.480
In this time and space,

299
00:15:39.480 --> 00:15:42.060
the chant accounts for a series of biological births

300
00:15:42.060 --> 00:15:44.310
that begin with the coral polyp, koʻa

301
00:15:44.310 --> 00:15:46.830
and continue as a genealogy of marine organisms,

302
00:15:46.830 --> 00:15:48.210
plants, and animals

303
00:15:48.210 --> 00:15:51.213
that eventually emerge into the realm of Ao pictured here.

304
00:15:53.700 --> 00:15:57.330
And Ao is the realm where people exist or Kanaka.

305
00:15:57.330 --> 00:15:59.880
Ao is conceived as a realm of light, mortality,

306
00:15:59.880 --> 00:16:01.050
and consciousness.

307
00:16:01.050 --> 00:16:03.330
And in the second half of the creation story,

308
00:16:03.330 --> 00:16:04.290
humans are born

309
00:16:04.290 --> 00:16:06.180
and more than 1,000 family lineages

310
00:16:06.180 --> 00:16:09.240
are identified along with other historical accounts.

311
00:16:09.240 --> 00:16:13.230
I wanted to share this picture with you folks,

312
00:16:13.230 --> 00:16:15.330
as Pō and Ao and these two different realms

313
00:16:15.330 --> 00:16:17.520
are separated by the Tropic of Cancer,

314
00:16:17.520 --> 00:16:20.343
in Hawaiian known as Ke ala polohiwa a Kāne.

315
00:16:21.270 --> 00:16:23.130
And most of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

316
00:16:23.130 --> 00:16:26.010
or most of Papahānaumokuākea resides within Pō,

317
00:16:26.010 --> 00:16:29.490
which is this place of creation and origin.

318
00:16:29.490 --> 00:16:30.323
In contrast,

319
00:16:30.323 --> 00:16:33.180
the region known as Ao includes the main Hawaiian Islands

320
00:16:33.180 --> 00:16:35.370
that are large, young, and mortal.

321
00:16:35.370 --> 00:16:38.280
And this is where kanaka or man resides.

322
00:16:38.280 --> 00:16:39.240
For Native Hawaiians,

323
00:16:39.240 --> 00:16:42.090
place names are an important way to preserve information

324
00:16:42.090 --> 00:16:44.940
about an area's geology, its history,

325
00:16:44.940 --> 00:16:48.480
and any natural and supernatural phenomenon specific to it,

326
00:16:48.480 --> 00:16:51.210
or its uses by gods and humans.

327
00:16:51.210 --> 00:16:52.620
As a place changes over time,

328
00:16:52.620 --> 00:16:54.360
so to may its name.

329
00:16:54.360 --> 00:16:55.800
And historically, native Hawaiians

330
00:16:55.800 --> 00:16:57.900
refer to these Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

331
00:16:57.900 --> 00:17:02.130
as Nā Moku manamana, which means branching islands,

332
00:17:02.130 --> 00:17:04.448
Nā Moku pāpapa, flat islands,

333
00:17:04.448 --> 00:17:06.750
and Nā Papakahakuakea o Lono,

334
00:17:06.750 --> 00:17:09.240
the low white marked isles of Lono,

335
00:17:09.240 --> 00:17:11.253
one of the four principle Hawaiian gods.

336
00:17:18.000 --> 00:17:19.590
Lalo is easily identified

337
00:17:19.590 --> 00:17:22.770
and differentiated from other atolls within PMNM

338
00:17:22.770 --> 00:17:24.570
due to its unique crescent shape,

339
00:17:24.570 --> 00:17:25.800
created by its fringing reef

340
00:17:25.800 --> 00:17:27.660
on the Eastern half of the atoll.

341
00:17:27.660 --> 00:17:30.270
Within the atoll are many small islands,

342
00:17:30.270 --> 00:17:33.210
which include Disappearing Island at the Southern point,

343
00:17:33.210 --> 00:17:35.190
Gin and Little Gin Islands,

344
00:17:35.190 --> 00:17:38.520
Bear, East, Mullet, and Round Island.

345
00:17:38.520 --> 00:17:40.770
And up along the Northern edge of the atoll:

346
00:17:40.770 --> 00:17:45.750
Whale, Skate, Trig, Shark Island, as well as Tern Island.

347
00:17:45.750 --> 00:17:47.430
In addition to these sandy islands,

348
00:17:47.430 --> 00:17:48.780
La Perouse Pinnacle is found

349
00:17:48.780 --> 00:17:50.610
in the center of the atoll as well,

350
00:17:50.610 --> 00:17:52.290
with valuable intertidal habitat

351
00:17:52.290 --> 00:17:54.750
where lots of research is being conducted.

352
00:17:54.750 --> 00:17:56.430
I'll be referring to a few of these islands

353
00:17:56.430 --> 00:17:58.030
throughout the rest of the talk.

354
00:18:00.960 --> 00:18:03.600
I now wanna take you on a virtual journey to Lalo

355
00:18:03.600 --> 00:18:05.010
to emphasize the ecological

356
00:18:05.010 --> 00:18:08.280
and social importance of this special place of abundance.

357
00:18:08.280 --> 00:18:11.640
Lalo is comprised of 67 acres of total emergent land

358
00:18:11.640 --> 00:18:15.090
surrounded by approximately 230,000 acres

359
00:18:15.090 --> 00:18:16.830
of coral reef habitat.

360
00:18:16.830 --> 00:18:20.130
Lalo is the largest atoll in Papahānaumokuākea,

361
00:18:20.130 --> 00:18:22.560
and the largest reef in the Hawaiian archipelago.

362
00:18:22.560 --> 00:18:25.200
The reef ecosystem supports the greatest diversity

363
00:18:25.200 --> 00:18:29.310
of coral species in Papahānaumokuākea.

364
00:18:29.310 --> 00:18:32.040
Over 600 species of invertebrates,

365
00:18:32.040 --> 00:18:34.050
nearly 200 species of fish,

366
00:18:34.050 --> 00:18:35.940
150 species of algae,

367
00:18:35.940 --> 00:18:39.213
and key habitat for several terrestrial species as well.

368
00:18:40.380 --> 00:18:42.540
Lalo also serves an important ecological function

369
00:18:42.540 --> 00:18:44.612
for marine and terrestrial species

370
00:18:44.612 --> 00:18:46.320
to the main Hawaiian Islands,

371
00:18:46.320 --> 00:18:49.113
which I'll be talking about in future slides.

372
00:18:52.110 --> 00:18:55.050
So Lalo is home to one of the most significant reef systems

373
00:18:55.050 --> 00:18:56.280
in the monument.

374
00:18:56.280 --> 00:18:59.220
The reef has the highest coral species richness

375
00:18:59.220 --> 00:19:01.560
in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

376
00:19:01.560 --> 00:19:05.250
And PMNM's longstanding prohibition on commercial fishing

377
00:19:05.250 --> 00:19:08.220
has resulted in a mean standing stock of fish

378
00:19:08.220 --> 00:19:10.800
that is more than 260% greater

379
00:19:10.800 --> 00:19:12.500
than in the main Hawaiian Islands.

380
00:19:13.380 --> 00:19:14.970
This has also led to the creation

381
00:19:14.970 --> 00:19:17.340
of an apex predator dominated system

382
00:19:17.340 --> 00:19:20.190
with more than 50% of the total fish biomass

383
00:19:20.190 --> 00:19:22.080
consisting of apex predators,

384
00:19:22.080 --> 00:19:26.190
such as sharks, giant trevally or ulua, and grouper.

385
00:19:26.190 --> 00:19:29.490
In contrast, in the main Hawaiian Islands,

386
00:19:29.490 --> 00:19:33.540
only 3% of the fish biomass consists of apex predators.

387
00:19:33.540 --> 00:19:35.160
So 3% in main Hawaiian Islands

388
00:19:35.160 --> 00:19:38.314
compared to over 50% of total fish biomass.

389
00:19:38.314 --> 00:19:43.314
Within Papahānaumokuākea and within Lalo,

390
00:19:43.980 --> 00:19:46.020
within the relatively deep coral reefs

391
00:19:46.020 --> 00:19:47.940
around 100 feet in depth,

392
00:19:47.940 --> 00:19:51.930
there's also been recent discoveries of these areas

393
00:19:51.930 --> 00:19:54.180
that function as spawning sites for giant trevally,

394
00:19:54.180 --> 00:19:55.880
which is a rare discovery as well.

395
00:19:58.230 --> 00:20:01.110
So I wanted to stop here for all the participants

396
00:20:01.110 --> 00:20:03.950
that are on and ask you the first poll question

397
00:20:03.950 --> 00:20:07.740
and just see what you folks think.

398
00:20:07.740 --> 00:20:09.577
So how many species of stony corals

399
00:20:09.577 --> 00:20:12.240
do you folks think are found within Lalo?

400
00:20:17.115 --> 00:20:17.948
<v Malia>All right.</v>

401
00:20:17.948 --> 00:20:22.410
So go ahead and register your answer.

402
00:20:22.410 --> 00:20:24.349
You have one of the following:

403
00:20:24.349 --> 00:20:29.349
25, 30, 35 or 40+ species of stony corals

404
00:20:30.990 --> 00:20:32.910
found in Lalo.

405
00:20:32.910 --> 00:20:35.520
So I see about 70% of you have voted.

406
00:20:35.520 --> 00:20:37.020
You guys are quick.

407
00:20:37.020 --> 00:20:42.020
I'm gonna close out the poll in three, two, one.

408
00:20:42.540 --> 00:20:45.333
And let's see how our attendees did, Kilo.

409
00:20:46.470 --> 00:20:47.303
Let's see.

410
00:20:47.303 --> 00:20:48.360
I'm gonna share the results.

411
00:20:48.360 --> 00:20:50.193
So here we go!

412
00:20:52.013 --> 00:20:53.940
7% said 25,

413
00:20:53.940 --> 00:20:56.220
13% said 30,

414
00:20:56.220 --> 00:20:58.287
10% said 35,

415
00:20:58.287 --> 00:21:02.880
and 69% of our attendees said 40+.

416
00:21:02.880 --> 00:21:04.500
How did they do, Kilo?

417
00:21:04.500 --> 00:21:06.300
<v ->Awesome, they did very well.</v>

418
00:21:06.300 --> 00:21:07.560
So the answer is D.

419
00:21:07.560 --> 00:21:11.640
Over 40 species of stony corals are found within Lalo,

420
00:21:12.660 --> 00:21:14.100
41 to be exact.

421
00:21:14.100 --> 00:21:15.660
And this here pictured

422
00:21:15.660 --> 00:21:18.960
is an endangered species of stony coral

423
00:21:18.960 --> 00:21:20.643
that are found at Lalo.

424
00:21:26.400 --> 00:21:28.740
So in addition to this magnificent reef system

425
00:21:28.740 --> 00:21:29.883
that's found at Lalo,

426
00:21:29.883 --> 00:21:32.490
Lalo also serves as the principle nesting habitat

427
00:21:32.490 --> 00:21:34.710
for the threatened Hawaiian green sea turtle.

428
00:21:34.710 --> 00:21:37.110
A satellite tagging of the green sea turtles at Lalo

429
00:21:37.110 --> 00:21:38.400
indicates that most of them

430
00:21:38.400 --> 00:21:40.320
migrate to the main Hawaiian Islands

431
00:21:40.320 --> 00:21:42.355
to feed and reach sexual maturity

432
00:21:42.355 --> 00:21:45.270
before returning to Lalo to breed.

433
00:21:45.270 --> 00:21:46.110
So with this,

434
00:21:46.110 --> 00:21:48.483
we're going into our second poll question.

435
00:21:49.440 --> 00:21:51.840
And the question is what percentage of green sea turtles

436
00:21:51.840 --> 00:21:55.260
within the Hawaiian archipelago nest specifically at Lalo?

437
00:21:59.310 --> 00:22:00.360
<v Malia>All right, friends.</v>

438
00:22:00.360 --> 00:22:04.080
Go ahead and register your answer.

439
00:22:04.080 --> 00:22:09.080
You've got 50 to 55%, 65 to 75%,

440
00:22:09.797 --> 00:22:12.180
85 to 95%,

441
00:22:12.180 --> 00:22:16.406
or 90 to 95% of green sea turtles

442
00:22:16.406 --> 00:22:18.520
within the Hawaiian archipelago

443
00:22:19.710 --> 00:22:21.990
that nest specifically at Lalo.

444
00:22:23.427 --> 00:22:26.220
All right, you guys are really quick.

445
00:22:26.220 --> 00:22:31.220
I'm gonna close down this poll in another three, two, one,

446
00:22:31.890 --> 00:22:34.353
and let us see the results.

447
00:22:36.210 --> 00:22:37.080
Okay, Kilo.

448
00:22:37.080 --> 00:22:41.430
So it looks like 5% said 50 to 55,

449
00:22:41.430 --> 00:22:44.910
15% said 65 to 75,

450
00:22:44.910 --> 00:22:49.290
38% of our attendees said 85 to 95,

451
00:22:49.290 --> 00:22:54.290
and a close 42% said 90 to 95%.

452
00:22:58.800 --> 00:23:01.110
<v ->We have a really good spread.</v>

453
00:23:01.110 --> 00:23:04.380
The answer is actually between 90 and 95%

454
00:23:04.380 --> 00:23:07.800
of the green sea turtles within the Hawaiian archipelago

455
00:23:07.800 --> 00:23:09.420
nest specifically at Lalo,

456
00:23:09.420 --> 00:23:12.720
which highlights the importance of preserving Lalo

457
00:23:12.720 --> 00:23:14.130
and its emergent landmass

458
00:23:14.130 --> 00:23:18.330
as a really key habitat for nesting sea turtles

459
00:23:18.330 --> 00:23:19.930
within the Hawaiian archipelago.

460
00:23:21.810 --> 00:23:24.510
So in addition to our beloved sea turtles,

461
00:23:24.510 --> 00:23:25.950
Lalo is also a critical site

462
00:23:25.950 --> 00:23:27.570
for endangered Hawaiian monk seals,

463
00:23:27.570 --> 00:23:29.460
serving as primary place of refuge

464
00:23:29.460 --> 00:23:32.040
for more than 20% of the population.

465
00:23:32.040 --> 00:23:33.897
Hawaiian monk seals also move between Lalo

466
00:23:33.897 --> 00:23:35.790
and the main Hawaiian Islands.

467
00:23:35.790 --> 00:23:38.523
And although their populations are increasing,

468
00:23:39.420 --> 00:23:40.253
current populations are only about

469
00:23:40.253 --> 00:23:43.320
1/3 of historic population levels.

470
00:23:43.320 --> 00:23:45.780
Hawaiian monk seals are found in the Hawaiian archipelago,

471
00:23:45.780 --> 00:23:47.010
which includes both the main

472
00:23:47.010 --> 00:23:48.900
and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands,

473
00:23:48.900 --> 00:23:50.520
and rarely at Johnston Atoll,

474
00:23:50.520 --> 00:23:54.000
which lies nearly 1,000 miles Southwest of Hawaiʻi.

475
00:23:54.000 --> 00:23:55.830
These monk seals are endemic to these islands

476
00:23:55.830 --> 00:23:57.540
occurring nowhere else in the world.

477
00:23:57.540 --> 00:23:58.500
And Hawaiian monk seals

478
00:23:58.500 --> 00:24:00.870
are protected under the Endangered Species Act,

479
00:24:00.870 --> 00:24:03.117
the Marine Mammal Protection Act

480
00:24:03.117 --> 00:24:04.517
and the State of Hawaiʻi law.

481
00:24:06.900 --> 00:24:09.030
Finally, Lalo supports important rookeries

482
00:24:09.030 --> 00:24:11.370
for 19 species of tropical seabirds,

483
00:24:11.370 --> 00:24:13.020
and also serve as wintering ground

484
00:24:13.020 --> 00:24:15.510
for several species of shorebirds.

485
00:24:15.510 --> 00:24:16.950
The US Fish and Wildlife Service

486
00:24:16.950 --> 00:24:18.660
field station at Tern Island

487
00:24:18.660 --> 00:24:21.630
supported research on seabird abundance and productivity,

488
00:24:21.630 --> 00:24:22.920
environmental conditions,

489
00:24:22.920 --> 00:24:24.450
as well as human impacts

490
00:24:24.450 --> 00:24:27.840
compiled and archived at this field station.

491
00:24:27.840 --> 00:24:30.210
So Lalo and French Frigate Shoals

492
00:24:30.210 --> 00:24:35.043
operated this field station full time from 1979 to 2012.

493
00:24:39.060 --> 00:24:40.980
There are also many ways that a new generation

494
00:24:40.980 --> 00:24:42.270
of N ative Hawaiian scientists

495
00:24:42.270 --> 00:24:44.100
and cultural practitioners are using Lalo

496
00:24:44.100 --> 00:24:46.050
to weave Hawaiian cultural  practice

497
00:24:46.050 --> 00:24:48.330
and research to strengthen Native Hawaiian connection

498
00:24:48.330 --> 00:24:49.800
to place and culture.

499
00:24:49.800 --> 00:24:51.000
This cultural resurgence

500
00:24:51.000 --> 00:24:53.940
within Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

501
00:24:53.940 --> 00:24:56.280
includes indigenous-led scientific research

502
00:24:56.280 --> 00:24:59.280
in an array of disciplines, traditional voyaging,

503
00:24:59.280 --> 00:25:02.040
non-instrument navigation and wayfinding,

504
00:25:02.040 --> 00:25:04.350
Hawaiian language nomenclature subgroups,

505
00:25:04.350 --> 00:25:05.730
and participation in management

506
00:25:05.730 --> 00:25:07.710
despite the lack of a residential population

507
00:25:07.710 --> 00:25:09.240
within the Monument.

508
00:25:09.240 --> 00:25:11.970
An integral part of establishing Lalo resilience

509
00:25:11.970 --> 00:25:14.700
is reinforcing both the existing

510
00:25:14.700 --> 00:25:16.260
and new innovative strategies

511
00:25:16.260 --> 00:25:18.750
to strengthen this pilina or connection

512
00:25:18.750 --> 00:25:19.710
that native Hawaiians have

513
00:25:19.710 --> 00:25:21.573
to this culturally valuable place.

514
00:25:24.150 --> 00:25:26.490
So I wanted to quickly go over holu,

515
00:25:26.490 --> 00:25:29.490
which was included in the title of this presentation.

516
00:25:29.490 --> 00:25:31.500
This presentation is introducing the steps

517
00:25:31.500 --> 00:25:33.600
to achieve resilience at Lalo,

518
00:25:33.600 --> 00:25:36.450
but the first step is understanding what resilience is.

519
00:25:36.450 --> 00:25:40.800
And the definition of holu is springy, pliable, resilient,

520
00:25:40.800 --> 00:25:42.483
as a mattress, to sway.

521
00:25:43.410 --> 00:25:45.600
And an example is ke one holu,

522
00:25:45.600 --> 00:25:47.750
the sand carried back and forth by the sea.

523
00:25:49.380 --> 00:25:53.070
I also wanted to introduce ecosystem resilience

524
00:25:53.070 --> 00:25:54.510
as the ability of an ecosystem

525
00:25:54.510 --> 00:25:56.850
to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling

526
00:25:56.850 --> 00:26:00.060
and biomass production after being subjected to damage

527
00:26:00.060 --> 00:26:02.100
caused by an ecological disturbance.

528
00:26:02.100 --> 00:26:03.570
So keeping these terms in mind

529
00:26:03.570 --> 00:26:07.890
as we develop a resilience strategy for Lalo

530
00:26:07.890 --> 00:26:11.250
is very important to first frame

531
00:26:11.250 --> 00:26:12.993
what we are trying to achieve.

532
00:26:14.760 --> 00:26:17.370
So Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument's goal

533
00:26:17.370 --> 00:26:18.960
is to lay out a plan to engage

534
00:26:18.960 --> 00:26:22.290
the larger interagency working group in this exercise

535
00:26:22.290 --> 00:26:23.850
in a robust and sustainable manner

536
00:26:23.850 --> 00:26:27.030
necessary to protect and maintain healthy ecosystems,

537
00:26:27.030 --> 00:26:29.790
as well as ecosystem services within the monument

538
00:26:29.790 --> 00:26:31.140
in the coming decades.

539
00:26:31.140 --> 00:26:33.540
Now, the big question is how do we achieve this?

540
00:26:35.850 --> 00:26:38.520
So here are some main needs for action.

541
00:26:38.520 --> 00:26:41.430
First is the loss of protected species habitat,

542
00:26:41.430 --> 00:26:44.010
specifically emergent landmass.

543
00:26:44.010 --> 00:26:45.810
So some examples are East, Trig,

544
00:26:45.810 --> 00:26:48.030
Whale, Skate Islands as well as others

545
00:26:48.030 --> 00:26:51.390
that are experiencing this loss of emergent habitat,

546
00:26:51.390 --> 00:26:52.413
terrestrial habitat.

547
00:26:53.340 --> 00:26:55.050
At Tern Islet specifically,

548
00:26:55.050 --> 00:26:57.660
there are numerous existing entrapment hazards,

549
00:26:57.660 --> 00:26:59.430
as well as contaminant exposure

550
00:26:59.430 --> 00:27:01.743
from derelict military infrastructure,

551
00:27:02.760 --> 00:27:04.680
as well as the loss of marine habitat.

552
00:27:04.680 --> 00:27:08.187
So this is due to damage to significant reef systems

553
00:27:08.187 --> 00:27:13.187
and a significant event that the reef incurred damage from

554
00:27:13.860 --> 00:27:15.393
is from Hurricane Walaka.

555
00:27:18.000 --> 00:27:20.610
So starting with the loss of habitat,

556
00:27:20.610 --> 00:27:22.290
here pictured are islets.

557
00:27:22.290 --> 00:27:24.990
In the top is Whale

558
00:27:24.990 --> 00:27:27.810
and Skate islands pictured in 1962

559
00:27:27.810 --> 00:27:31.500
as this large amount of sand and emergent landmass

560
00:27:31.500 --> 00:27:34.320
that's available for wildlife to use.

561
00:27:34.320 --> 00:27:37.650
And then the same area taken in 2002,

562
00:27:37.650 --> 00:27:40.440
how the emergent land mass has shrunk

563
00:27:40.440 --> 00:27:44.070
into just this little spit of sand for wildlife to rest on.

564
00:27:44.070 --> 00:27:45.450
The same at Trig.

565
00:27:45.450 --> 00:27:48.030
Between 2017 and 2019,

566
00:27:48.030 --> 00:27:51.813
you've seen the shrinking of this available resting habitat.

567
00:27:54.540 --> 00:27:56.280
I also wanted to draw your folks' attention

568
00:27:56.280 --> 00:27:58.050
to some sea level trends,

569
00:27:58.050 --> 00:28:01.140
but specifically looking at how Lalo

570
00:28:01.140 --> 00:28:04.710
is projected to experience more pronounced sea level rise

571
00:28:04.710 --> 00:28:07.890
compared to atolls in the Northern portion of the Monument

572
00:28:07.890 --> 00:28:09.510
colored in white and blue,

573
00:28:09.510 --> 00:28:12.570
and this is where Midway and Kure Atoll are located.

574
00:28:12.570 --> 00:28:14.790
So due to some sea level rise projections,

575
00:28:14.790 --> 00:28:16.710
this further highlighted the importance

576
00:28:16.710 --> 00:28:20.643
of addressing these climate impacts at Lalo specifically.

577
00:28:24.120 --> 00:28:26.160
So I then wanted to talk about this direct hit

578
00:28:26.160 --> 00:28:30.420
from Hurricane Walaka that occurred in October of 2018.

579
00:28:30.420 --> 00:28:31.770
Pictured here is East Island

580
00:28:31.770 --> 00:28:34.860
and this aerial photo of East Island

581
00:28:34.860 --> 00:28:36.780
prior to Hurricane Walaka.

582
00:28:36.780 --> 00:28:38.730
And in October, 2018,

583
00:28:38.730 --> 00:28:42.090
a photo was taken following Hurricane Walaka's damage

584
00:28:42.090 --> 00:28:43.260
where this emergent land mass

585
00:28:43.260 --> 00:28:45.220
was almost completely wiped out

586
00:28:45.220 --> 00:28:48.690
and became unavailable for wildlife to use for nesting,

587
00:28:48.690 --> 00:28:49.743
resting and habitat.

588
00:28:52.440 --> 00:28:55.920
This was all over the news

589
00:28:55.920 --> 00:28:58.710
in terms of what the implications

590
00:28:58.710 --> 00:29:03.710
of this loss of emergent landmass meant for ecology

591
00:29:04.200 --> 00:29:06.600
and wildlife federalized this areas,

592
00:29:06.600 --> 00:29:07.920
but also the impact

593
00:29:07.920 --> 00:29:10.860
that it had on these iconic reef systems,

594
00:29:10.860 --> 00:29:12.363
in particular Rapture Reef.

595
00:29:14.520 --> 00:29:17.580
So an additional challenge are entrapment hazards,

596
00:29:17.580 --> 00:29:20.125
as well as contaminants.

597
00:29:20.125 --> 00:29:24.090
This is a specific challenge on Tern Island

598
00:29:24.090 --> 00:29:26.610
where these existing entrapment hazards

599
00:29:26.610 --> 00:29:28.950
come from a naval air station.

600
00:29:28.950 --> 00:29:31.890
So the station's main function was an emergency landing site

601
00:29:31.890 --> 00:29:35.370
for planes flying between ha Hawaii and Midway Atoll.

602
00:29:35.370 --> 00:29:37.110
The original seawall runway

603
00:29:37.110 --> 00:29:39.030
and some of the buildings remain.

604
00:29:39.030 --> 00:29:42.360
Construction on the island started in July, 1942,

605
00:29:42.360 --> 00:29:45.120
and the facility was commissioned in March, 1943

606
00:29:45.120 --> 00:29:46.620
as a naval air station.

607
00:29:46.620 --> 00:29:47.970
So the remaining infrastructure

608
00:29:47.970 --> 00:29:50.553
that we're experiencing today is over 80 years old.

609
00:29:55.230 --> 00:29:59.820
And this is just a photo of an example of something

610
00:29:59.820 --> 00:30:01.620
that's commonly seen within the monument,

611
00:30:01.620 --> 00:30:06.180
are entrapments and entanglements with wildlife

612
00:30:06.180 --> 00:30:08.610
due to marine debris as well.

613
00:30:08.610 --> 00:30:11.190
So Papahānaumokuākea Marine Debris Program

614
00:30:11.190 --> 00:30:13.200
and NOAA monk seal field camps

615
00:30:13.200 --> 00:30:16.050
are integral in conducting wildlife disentanglement,

616
00:30:16.050 --> 00:30:17.343
specifically at Lalo.

617
00:30:20.430 --> 00:30:22.410
Lastly, the destruction of coral reefs

618
00:30:22.410 --> 00:30:27.410
has been a big component to why Lalo resilience strategy

619
00:30:29.820 --> 00:30:32.160
was in immediate call to action.

620
00:30:32.160 --> 00:30:35.430
And so on the top two pictures here is Rapture Reef

621
00:30:35.430 --> 00:30:38.097
before and after Hurricane Walaka

622
00:30:38.097 --> 00:30:41.340
and the damage that was done to the coral structure,

623
00:30:41.340 --> 00:30:44.520
as well as the biomass that was found in the area.

624
00:30:44.520 --> 00:30:46.950
In addition to natural disasters,

625
00:30:46.950 --> 00:30:50.580
there's also damage that the reef experiences

626
00:30:50.580 --> 00:30:52.800
from nets that are left behind

627
00:30:52.800 --> 00:30:56.400
or anchors that are dragged along the bottom

628
00:30:56.400 --> 00:30:58.473
and destroy these reef structure.

629
00:31:00.870 --> 00:31:02.190
So now setting the foundation,

630
00:31:02.190 --> 00:31:05.490
what has been done that led to the call to action

631
00:31:05.490 --> 00:31:07.980
to develop a Lalo resilient strategy?

632
00:31:07.980 --> 00:31:09.257
First in 2016,

633
00:31:09.257 --> 00:31:11.580
NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries

634
00:31:11.580 --> 00:31:14.190
developed a climate change vulnerability assessment

635
00:31:14.190 --> 00:31:17.640
for the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

636
00:31:17.640 --> 00:31:21.210
And Lalo is highly vulnerable to the ecological

637
00:31:21.210 --> 00:31:22.470
impacts of climate change.

638
00:31:22.470 --> 00:31:24.630
And this was highlighted within this document.

639
00:31:24.630 --> 00:31:27.210
In 2019 at the 3rd Annual Collaborative

640
00:31:27.210 --> 00:31:28.650
Climate Science Workshop,

641
00:31:28.650 --> 00:31:29.910
there was a priority project

642
00:31:29.910 --> 00:31:32.700
that looked at monk seal response to sea level rise.

643
00:31:32.700 --> 00:31:34.050
And what this did was highlighted

644
00:31:34.050 --> 00:31:36.360
and prioritized Lalo as a crucial habitat

645
00:31:36.360 --> 00:31:38.700
for endangered Hawaiian monk seals.

646
00:31:38.700 --> 00:31:42.810
And in 2020, the NOAA Pacific Region Executive Board or PREB

647
00:31:42.810 --> 00:31:47.310
and NOAA Regional Coordination Program endorsed this project

648
00:31:47.310 --> 00:31:50.640
to develop a resilient strategy for Lalo.

649
00:31:56.070 --> 00:31:57.900
So what I wanted to show is a preliminary

650
00:31:57.900 --> 00:32:02.550
and tentative timeline to develop this resilient strategy.

651
00:32:02.550 --> 00:32:03.960
I won't go too much in the detail

652
00:32:03.960 --> 00:32:07.500
as in the following slides, we'll dive into it,

653
00:32:07.500 --> 00:32:08.670
but just an overall look

654
00:32:08.670 --> 00:32:10.770
at the work that's been done already,

655
00:32:10.770 --> 00:32:13.440
and we plan to do in the future.

656
00:32:13.440 --> 00:32:15.180
We've had special sessions

657
00:32:15.180 --> 00:32:18.480
that look at gathering information about the system at Lalo,

658
00:32:18.480 --> 00:32:21.210
the specific species that utilize the area,

659
00:32:21.210 --> 00:32:24.480
looking at climate stressors, anthropogenic stressors,

660
00:32:24.480 --> 00:32:27.510
and then holding a series of webinars,

661
00:32:27.510 --> 00:32:31.110
as well as workshops to develop all of the information

662
00:32:31.110 --> 00:32:34.323
we need to produce this resilient strategy document.

663
00:32:36.420 --> 00:32:37.800
So now what have been done?

664
00:32:37.800 --> 00:32:39.390
Diving more into detail,

665
00:32:39.390 --> 00:32:41.640
at the 4th Collaborative Climate Science Workshop,

666
00:32:41.640 --> 00:32:45.180
we held the first special session in October of 2022

667
00:32:45.180 --> 00:32:48.960
with the main goal of assessing the state of the knowledge.

668
00:32:48.960 --> 00:32:53.960
So identifying what are the important wildlife within Lalo

669
00:32:55.320 --> 00:32:56.970
that you utilize this area?

670
00:32:56.970 --> 00:33:00.960
What are the system elements that they require

671
00:33:00.960 --> 00:33:04.290
and what are these stressors that they're experiencing?

672
00:33:04.290 --> 00:33:07.020
So during the special session workshop,

673
00:33:07.020 --> 00:33:10.140
a group of participants, co-manager participants,

674
00:33:10.140 --> 00:33:11.850
input green sea turtles,

675
00:33:11.850 --> 00:33:14.700
as well as monk seals into a French Frigate Shoals

676
00:33:14.700 --> 00:33:17.043
system stressor resilience assessment.

677
00:33:19.590 --> 00:33:21.090
So this is what it looks like.

678
00:33:21.960 --> 00:33:25.050
This is a schematic of the assessment protocol

679
00:33:25.050 --> 00:33:29.250
that was utilized during the special session for Lalo.

680
00:33:29.250 --> 00:33:31.620
So this protocol was developed by NOAA,

681
00:33:31.620 --> 00:33:33.963
National Center for Environmental Information.

682
00:33:35.940 --> 00:33:38.010
But the main thing to key in on

683
00:33:38.010 --> 00:33:39.690
is that this assessment protocol

684
00:33:39.690 --> 00:33:41.190
was used as a way to help outline

685
00:33:41.190 --> 00:33:43.440
the current state of knowledge, capabilities,

686
00:33:43.440 --> 00:33:46.170
and identify information gaps in research needs

687
00:33:46.170 --> 00:33:51.170
about important wildlife and components at Lalo.

688
00:33:51.390 --> 00:33:53.340
So what we did in these special sessions

689
00:33:53.340 --> 00:33:55.530
was first look at condition indicators.

690
00:33:55.530 --> 00:33:59.040
So what this means is looking at

691
00:33:59.040 --> 00:34:00.510
essential function or value,

692
00:34:00.510 --> 00:34:03.030
purpose of which the information is being collected

693
00:34:03.030 --> 00:34:04.800
and identifying consequence-related

694
00:34:04.800 --> 00:34:06.780
or decision-relevant metrics.

695
00:34:06.780 --> 00:34:10.050
Second was to look at and identify systems and services.

696
00:34:10.050 --> 00:34:12.570
So identifying these critical elements of the systems

697
00:34:12.570 --> 00:34:14.250
that are related to these species

698
00:34:14.250 --> 00:34:17.820
that we identified as priority,

699
00:34:17.820 --> 00:34:19.680
as well as identifying stressors.

700
00:34:19.680 --> 00:34:22.980
So this included identifying sensitivities

701
00:34:22.980 --> 00:34:24.000
to harmful effects,

702
00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:25.470
as well as looking at thresholds

703
00:34:25.470 --> 00:34:27.753
and tolerances for these different species.

704
00:34:29.760 --> 00:34:30.750
So what did it look like

705
00:34:30.750 --> 00:34:33.120
in terms of synthesizing the information?

706
00:34:33.120 --> 00:34:35.550
So what we did was we collected all of this information

707
00:34:35.550 --> 00:34:39.873
from subject matter experts at agency participants.

708
00:34:41.490 --> 00:34:43.560
What this looks like is for condition indicators,

709
00:34:43.560 --> 00:34:47.370
identifying metrics like numbers of individuals,

710
00:34:47.370 --> 00:34:48.993
identifying spatial domain,

711
00:34:50.640 --> 00:34:53.523
as well as system services and elements.

712
00:34:54.480 --> 00:34:57.000
The different habitats that these species utilize.

713
00:34:57.000 --> 00:34:59.700
And then also looking at identifying stressors

714
00:34:59.700 --> 00:35:02.280
and also prioritizing which stressors

715
00:35:02.280 --> 00:35:05.850
and sensitivities will warrant the attention

716
00:35:05.850 --> 00:35:08.100
of this Lalo resilience strategy.

717
00:35:08.100 --> 00:35:10.590
So these included physical, chemical, biological,

718
00:35:10.590 --> 00:35:12.303
and anthropogenic stressors.

719
00:35:17.730 --> 00:35:20.280
So as a result of this first special session,

720
00:35:20.280 --> 00:35:21.900
the Pacific Region Executive Board

721
00:35:21.900 --> 00:35:24.187
or PREB developed French Frigate Shoals

722
00:35:24.187 --> 00:35:26.430
on a Lalo white paper.

723
00:35:26.430 --> 00:35:27.690
What it did was it synthesized

724
00:35:27.690 --> 00:35:29.817
the state of the knowledge for these monk seals

725
00:35:29.817 --> 00:35:32.940
and sea turtles and identified the main threats

726
00:35:32.940 --> 00:35:35.220
for these two species.

727
00:35:35.220 --> 00:35:37.890
The first of which is loss of terrestrial habitat

728
00:35:37.890 --> 00:35:39.630
due to flooding and inundation.

729
00:35:39.630 --> 00:35:41.640
The second of which was decaying infrastructure

730
00:35:41.640 --> 00:35:44.790
and marine debris and addressing the entrapments

731
00:35:44.790 --> 00:35:46.470
associated with these.

732
00:35:46.470 --> 00:35:49.500
And also in this white paper was a call to action

733
00:35:49.500 --> 00:35:52.980
to convene a workshop to apply this system stressor model

734
00:35:52.980 --> 00:35:54.453
to other species,

735
00:35:55.440 --> 00:35:57.390
and identifying what those species are.

736
00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:02.910
So we did that in February of 2022.

737
00:36:02.910 --> 00:36:06.030
During the 5th Collaborative Climate Science Workshop,

738
00:36:06.030 --> 00:36:07.890
a second special session was held

739
00:36:07.890 --> 00:36:11.400
where we mirrored the structure of the 2020 workshop,

740
00:36:11.400 --> 00:36:14.370
but instead of green sea turtles and monk seals,

741
00:36:14.370 --> 00:36:17.760
we utilized this special session of focus on seabirds

742
00:36:17.760 --> 00:36:19.290
and coral ecosystems.

743
00:36:19.290 --> 00:36:22.560
So we brought together a bunch of agency specialists,

744
00:36:22.560 --> 00:36:24.780
subject matter experts, climate collaborators,

745
00:36:24.780 --> 00:36:28.394
and researchers to all weigh in on identifying

746
00:36:28.394 --> 00:36:31.443
what are important to these valuable species.

747
00:36:35.400 --> 00:36:36.390
So what was produced

748
00:36:36.390 --> 00:36:38.610
out of both of the special sessions

749
00:36:38.610 --> 00:36:41.070
was the state of the knowledge synthesis document.

750
00:36:41.070 --> 00:36:44.580
So what we did is we utilized the resilience white paper

751
00:36:44.580 --> 00:36:45.540
as a template,

752
00:36:45.540 --> 00:36:46.890
inputted the state of the knowledge

753
00:36:46.890 --> 00:36:50.070
that we got from seabirds and coral ecosystems

754
00:36:50.070 --> 00:36:52.500
at the second special session,

755
00:36:52.500 --> 00:36:54.860
and what the synthesis document will be used for

756
00:36:54.860 --> 00:36:56.670
is be sent to subject matter experts

757
00:36:56.670 --> 00:36:59.130
and agency participants to inform them

758
00:36:59.130 --> 00:37:01.080
of all of the state of the knowledge for this system

759
00:37:01.080 --> 00:37:03.960
as a precursor to our next step in the timeline,

760
00:37:03.960 --> 00:37:06.123
which is the adaptations webinars.

761
00:37:08.400 --> 00:37:09.720
So before we go into that,

762
00:37:09.720 --> 00:37:14.250
I just wanted to also provide you with a visual of what

763
00:37:14.250 --> 00:37:16.740
the synthesis of all of this information looked like.

764
00:37:16.740 --> 00:37:18.240
So for specific species,

765
00:37:18.240 --> 00:37:21.300
what we did was we took all of the state of the knowledge

766
00:37:21.300 --> 00:37:22.470
that we collected,

767
00:37:22.470 --> 00:37:25.710
and identified with the goal of increasing abundance

768
00:37:25.710 --> 00:37:28.020
and persistence of these species at Lalo.

769
00:37:28.020 --> 00:37:32.730
Identified the activities or requirements of daily living.

770
00:37:32.730 --> 00:37:34.260
So for black-footed albatross,

771
00:37:34.260 --> 00:37:36.300
these are breeding, roosting, and foraging.

772
00:37:36.300 --> 00:37:37.950
Identify the different habitats,

773
00:37:37.950 --> 00:37:42.360
whether terrestrial, nearshore use and offshore use of Lalo,

774
00:37:42.360 --> 00:37:44.801
and then identify each of the stressors:

775
00:37:44.801 --> 00:37:48.093
atmospheric stressors, oceans, anthropogenic,

776
00:37:49.020 --> 00:37:51.720
as you can see listed in the middle of this image.

777
00:37:51.720 --> 00:37:54.030
And then if you look at these black triangles,

778
00:37:54.030 --> 00:37:57.960
what we did was identify at what timescale

779
00:37:57.960 --> 00:38:00.390
is this a near term midterm or long-term action

780
00:38:00.390 --> 00:38:02.220
that we need to address

781
00:38:02.220 --> 00:38:04.650
based on when this particular species

782
00:38:04.650 --> 00:38:09.650
will be most impacted by this particular stressor?

783
00:38:09.930 --> 00:38:12.820
And then on the far right with these blue

784
00:38:14.640 --> 00:38:16.650
kind of triangles as well

785
00:38:16.650 --> 00:38:18.900
is identifying at what spatial scale

786
00:38:18.900 --> 00:38:23.900
these species are experiencing these stressors.

787
00:38:24.150 --> 00:38:25.290
So this is an example

788
00:38:25.290 --> 00:38:27.630
and a visual for black-footed albatross,

789
00:38:27.630 --> 00:38:30.210
but we also created these for corals.

790
00:38:30.210 --> 00:38:31.920
And another thing that I wanted to highlight

791
00:38:31.920 --> 00:38:33.600
is for these colored lines,

792
00:38:33.600 --> 00:38:36.630
some are dotted and some are bit thicker and bold.

793
00:38:36.630 --> 00:38:40.170
So what we did is in terms of the frequency of responses

794
00:38:40.170 --> 00:38:45.170
and how agency participants identified certain stressors

795
00:38:45.570 --> 00:38:47.220
to be of high priority,

796
00:38:47.220 --> 00:38:49.500
these were identified by these bold lines.

797
00:38:49.500 --> 00:38:51.810
So different species like coral ecosystems

798
00:38:51.810 --> 00:38:53.790
had different priority stressors

799
00:38:53.790 --> 00:38:58.020
than green sea turtles, for example or Hawaiian monk seals.

800
00:38:58.020 --> 00:38:59.490
So this is one of the products

801
00:38:59.490 --> 00:39:04.473
that we produced as a follow up to the special sessions.

802
00:39:06.150 --> 00:39:09.393
So now going back to the group for our third poll,

803
00:39:10.290 --> 00:39:11.910
after all of these special sessions,

804
00:39:11.910 --> 00:39:14.670
what we did was we polled participants

805
00:39:14.670 --> 00:39:16.180
that were involved in this

806
00:39:17.115 --> 00:39:20.190
to identify what the top stressors were

807
00:39:20.190 --> 00:39:21.900
to the survival and population health

808
00:39:21.900 --> 00:39:23.850
of key wildlife species at Lalo

809
00:39:23.850 --> 00:39:25.590
for their specific specialty.

810
00:39:25.590 --> 00:39:27.030
So the question here is,

811
00:39:27.030 --> 00:39:28.740
what did special session participants

812
00:39:28.740 --> 00:39:31.380
identify as the number one stressor overall

813
00:39:31.380 --> 00:39:33.180
to the survival and population health

814
00:39:33.180 --> 00:39:36.273
of key wildlife species at Lalo in the next 20 years?

815
00:39:37.860 --> 00:39:39.330
<v Malia>All right, friends.</v>

816
00:39:39.330 --> 00:39:40.350
This is the last one.

817
00:39:40.350 --> 00:39:44.130
So go ahead and register your vote.

818
00:39:44.130 --> 00:39:45.690
You can select one of the following.

819
00:39:45.690 --> 00:39:48.480
Is it the increased surface air temperature,

820
00:39:48.480 --> 00:39:51.780
seawall/marine debris entrapment,

821
00:39:51.780 --> 00:39:54.930
sea level rise/increased storms,

822
00:39:54.930 --> 00:39:58.200
or sea surface/subsurface temperature?

823
00:39:58.200 --> 00:40:01.770
So go ahead and register your vote.

824
00:40:01.770 --> 00:40:06.270
And we'll see what these special session participants IDed

825
00:40:06.270 --> 00:40:08.940
as a number one stressor to survival

826
00:40:08.940 --> 00:40:12.030
and population health of key wildlife species

827
00:40:12.030 --> 00:40:15.330
at Lalo over the next 20 years.

828
00:40:15.330 --> 00:40:18.780
So we got almost 70% of you voting.

829
00:40:18.780 --> 00:40:21.990
And I'm going to close out the poll,

830
00:40:21.990 --> 00:40:25.983
and let's see how our attendees did, Kilo.

831
00:40:28.080 --> 00:40:28.913
Alrighty.

832
00:40:28.913 --> 00:40:33.360
So 3% think it's increased surface air temperature,

833
00:40:33.360 --> 00:40:37.800
17% believe it's seawall/marine debris entrapment,

834
00:40:37.800 --> 00:40:42.417
70% think it's sea level rise/increased storms,

835
00:40:42.417 --> 00:40:45.960
and 10% of our attendees believe it is the surface

836
00:40:45.960 --> 00:40:48.120
and subsurface temperature.

837
00:40:48.120 --> 00:40:49.890
How did they do, Kilo?

838
00:40:49.890 --> 00:40:52.320
<v ->Awesome, I think we're three for three today.</v>

839
00:40:52.320 --> 00:40:55.170
So this is a great group. (laughs)

840
00:40:55.170 --> 00:40:58.233
Yes, it is, in fact, sea level rise and increased storms.

841
00:41:03.330 --> 00:41:04.163
Okay.

842
00:41:07.170 --> 00:41:09.720
Malia, can you see this next slide?

843
00:41:09.720 --> 00:41:11.910
It says state of the knowledge recap.

844
00:41:11.910 --> 00:41:13.200
<v Malia>I cannot.</v>

845
00:41:13.200 --> 00:41:14.033
<v ->Oh, okay.</v>

846
00:41:14.033 --> 00:41:16.750
I may need to reshare my screen.

847
00:41:17.848 --> 00:41:19.265
Okay, here we go.

848
00:41:24.090 --> 00:41:25.950
<v Malia>Yeah, this is what we're talking about earlier,</v>

849
00:41:25.950 --> 00:41:29.040
how you might get kicked out after the poll.

850
00:41:29.040 --> 00:41:29.873
There you go.

851
00:41:29.873 --> 00:41:30.706
It's showing.

852
00:41:30.706 --> 00:41:31.773
<v ->Awesome, okay.</v>

853
00:41:33.540 --> 00:41:36.690
So what we did following both of the special sessions

854
00:41:36.690 --> 00:41:39.450
is we asked all of these participants

855
00:41:39.450 --> 00:41:42.840
that specialized in coral ecosystems,

856
00:41:42.840 --> 00:41:45.780
seabirds, monk seals, sea turtles,

857
00:41:45.780 --> 00:41:47.696
to identify for their specific species group

858
00:41:47.696 --> 00:41:51.600
what they thought would be the key stressors to focus on.

859
00:41:51.600 --> 00:41:53.520
And what we found is that number one,

860
00:41:53.520 --> 00:41:56.250
identified across the group was sea level rise

861
00:41:56.250 --> 00:41:57.660
and increased storms.

862
00:41:57.660 --> 00:41:59.970
Number two, as a top stressor was sea surface

863
00:41:59.970 --> 00:42:01.533
and subsurface temperatures,

864
00:42:02.520 --> 00:42:05.610
as well as, the third, infrastructure entrapment,

865
00:42:05.610 --> 00:42:07.083
specifically at Tern Island.

866
00:42:09.690 --> 00:42:12.690
So what this did is once we wrapped up

867
00:42:12.690 --> 00:42:13.680
state of the knowledge,

868
00:42:13.680 --> 00:42:16.980
we are now moving into these adaptations planning workshops,

869
00:42:16.980 --> 00:42:18.780
which is the next step of our process

870
00:42:18.780 --> 00:42:21.180
toward developing a Lalo of resilience strategy.

871
00:42:22.530 --> 00:42:25.110
So what this is is we're holding a series of small webinars

872
00:42:25.110 --> 00:42:28.890
that's set to be within the next two months.

873
00:42:28.890 --> 00:42:31.050
And three webinars are planned.

874
00:42:31.050 --> 00:42:31.950
The first topic

875
00:42:31.950 --> 00:42:35.160
is increasing terrestrial island ecosystem resilience.

876
00:42:35.160 --> 00:42:37.860
The second is nearshore ecosystem resilience:

877
00:42:37.860 --> 00:42:40.830
corals, fish, sediment, and everything in between.

878
00:42:40.830 --> 00:42:42.450
And third is successful establishment

879
00:42:42.450 --> 00:42:44.763
and implementation of resilience strategies.

880
00:42:46.920 --> 00:42:49.560
So the main goal of what these small webinars are

881
00:42:49.560 --> 00:42:51.330
are to look at adaptation options

882
00:42:51.330 --> 00:42:53.580
employed elsewhere, worldwide.

883
00:42:53.580 --> 00:42:57.540
So what we wanna do is invite an array of panel speakers

884
00:42:57.540 --> 00:43:00.150
to address resilience strategies

885
00:43:00.150 --> 00:43:02.720
that are already implemented around the world

886
00:43:02.720 --> 00:43:05.790
in protected island and marine ecosystems.

887
00:43:05.790 --> 00:43:07.950
And ask them specifically to address

888
00:43:07.950 --> 00:43:11.790
and talk about the successes, failures, lessons learned,

889
00:43:11.790 --> 00:43:13.230
and cultural considerations

890
00:43:13.230 --> 00:43:16.440
that they apply for their specific resilience strategy.

891
00:43:16.440 --> 00:43:21.270
And what we wanna do is for agency,

892
00:43:21.270 --> 00:43:22.920
co-managers, participants,

893
00:43:22.920 --> 00:43:27.120
as well as species specialists subject matter experts

894
00:43:27.120 --> 00:43:32.120
to participate and pull all of these adaptation options

895
00:43:32.310 --> 00:43:33.810
from around the world,

896
00:43:33.810 --> 00:43:37.620
and think about the ones that would be most effective

897
00:43:37.620 --> 00:43:38.823
at applying at Lalo.

898
00:43:43.470 --> 00:43:45.420
So after wrapping up the webinar series,

899
00:43:45.420 --> 00:43:48.900
what we wanna do is convene a Lalo adaptations workshop,

900
00:43:48.900 --> 00:43:50.190
where this is the large workshop

901
00:43:50.190 --> 00:43:54.570
that's set with a tentative date of early 2023

902
00:43:54.570 --> 00:43:57.090
with potential for flexibility in these timelines

903
00:43:57.090 --> 00:43:58.363
and schedulings.

904
00:43:59.506 --> 00:44:00.339
So what we wanna do

905
00:44:00.339 --> 00:44:02.790
at this large Lalo adaptations workshops.

906
00:44:02.790 --> 00:44:05.580
The main objectives is to apply adaptation options

907
00:44:05.580 --> 00:44:08.850
compiled at these webinar sessions into a model

908
00:44:08.850 --> 00:44:12.810
or process that the Lalo MMB working group will select.

909
00:44:12.810 --> 00:44:14.490
And essentially what we wanna do

910
00:44:14.490 --> 00:44:17.550
is with this list of potential adaptation options,

911
00:44:17.550 --> 00:44:19.650
we wanna evaluate the effectiveness

912
00:44:19.650 --> 00:44:22.980
and feasibility of adaptation options at Lalo.

913
00:44:22.980 --> 00:44:25.590
And second, once we assess the feasibility of these,

914
00:44:25.590 --> 00:44:29.730
decide as a group on desired adaptation options

915
00:44:29.730 --> 00:44:31.590
to apply at Lalo.

916
00:44:31.590 --> 00:44:34.350
And the third main objective of this large workshop

917
00:44:34.350 --> 00:44:37.170
is as a group develop recommendations for next steps

918
00:44:37.170 --> 00:44:38.730
and preferred actions.

919
00:44:38.730 --> 00:44:41.940
And a deliverable is we'll have the information

920
00:44:41.940 --> 00:44:44.673
that we need to draft the Lalo resilience strategy.

921
00:44:46.200 --> 00:44:49.170
And the final step will be to develop

922
00:44:49.170 --> 00:44:51.810
this draft of Lalo resilience strategy.

923
00:44:51.810 --> 00:44:54.270
And this resilience plan provides recommendations

924
00:44:54.270 --> 00:44:56.940
to the Monument Management Board or MMB.

925
00:44:56.940 --> 00:44:58.590
And this will serve as a kickoff point

926
00:44:58.590 --> 00:45:01.290
for implementing adaptations at Lalo.

927
00:45:01.290 --> 00:45:03.210
Look at addressing co-manager roles

928
00:45:03.210 --> 00:45:04.710
in the implementation process,

929
00:45:04.710 --> 00:45:08.280
and engage conversations with the Lalo MMB working group

930
00:45:08.280 --> 00:45:10.230
and subgroups as well.

931
00:45:10.230 --> 00:45:13.470
And look at the linkages of this resilience strategy

932
00:45:13.470 --> 00:45:16.170
with other documents or initiatives,

933
00:45:16.170 --> 00:45:17.690
one of which is the HFA.

934
00:45:19.020 --> 00:45:22.114
So I quickly wanna introduce what the HFA is.

935
00:45:22.114 --> 00:45:25.110
So HFA stands for Habitat Focus Area,

936
00:45:25.110 --> 00:45:28.410
and HFAs are targeted places where NOAA focuses its programs

937
00:45:28.410 --> 00:45:31.560
and investments to address a high priority habitat issue

938
00:45:31.560 --> 00:45:34.075
by working with partners and communities.

939
00:45:34.075 --> 00:45:37.053
Here pictured are some of the HFAs

940
00:45:37.053 --> 00:45:39.843
that are currently active.

941
00:45:41.040 --> 00:45:43.860
So Habitat Focus Areas in the Pacific Islands region,

942
00:45:43.860 --> 00:45:44.910
include West Hawaiʻi,

943
00:45:44.910 --> 00:45:47.310
which is a second HFA that was designated,

944
00:45:47.310 --> 00:45:50.133
as well as an HFA in the South of Guam.

945
00:45:51.240 --> 00:45:55.050
So both of these HFAs in the Pacific Island region

946
00:45:55.050 --> 00:45:57.420
highlighted the success in community planning,

947
00:45:57.420 --> 00:46:00.423
climate resilience, ocean and erosion mapping specifically.

948
00:46:02.580 --> 00:46:07.580
So what would the Lalo HFA or how will it benefit Lalo?

949
00:46:08.610 --> 00:46:10.882
So what this will do is supplement the efforts

950
00:46:10.882 --> 00:46:15.600
that the Lalo resilience strategy is recommending,

951
00:46:15.600 --> 00:46:17.220
and it also addresses urgent issues

952
00:46:17.220 --> 00:46:19.140
affecting endangered species.

953
00:46:19.140 --> 00:46:20.640
This is also at the national level.

954
00:46:20.640 --> 00:46:22.530
So we'll garner a national level support

955
00:46:22.530 --> 00:46:24.030
for cross-NOAA effort,

956
00:46:24.030 --> 00:46:26.910
and will also be a spotlight to the importance

957
00:46:26.910 --> 00:46:29.793
of the work that's being done at Lalo at a larger level.

958
00:46:30.990 --> 00:46:34.290
This is also an opportunity for implementing novel short

959
00:46:34.290 --> 00:46:36.363
and long-term climate mitigation options,

960
00:46:37.290 --> 00:46:40.140
and also an opportunity to benefit similar habitats

961
00:46:40.140 --> 00:46:43.260
in the region and worldwide using Lalo as an example.

962
00:46:43.260 --> 00:46:46.500
This also helps to ensure holistic approach to restoration

963
00:46:46.500 --> 00:46:49.710
and will allow for the opportunities to expand on cultural

964
00:46:49.710 --> 00:46:51.010
and community involvement.

965
00:46:56.280 --> 00:46:58.878
So I wanted to introduce this 'ōlelo no'eau

966
00:46:58.878 --> 00:47:01.140
I ka wā ma mua, I ka wā ma hope.

967
00:47:01.140 --> 00:47:02.617
This is literally translated as,

968
00:47:02.617 --> 00:47:05.010
"In the time before, in the time after."

969
00:47:05.010 --> 00:47:06.870
And this 'ōlelo no'eau tells us

970
00:47:06.870 --> 00:47:08.730
that the future is in the past

971
00:47:08.730 --> 00:47:10.890
or that learning from the past can guide the future.

972
00:47:10.890 --> 00:47:13.390
And excuse me, an 'ōlelo no'eau is a Hawaiian proverb.

973
00:47:14.370 --> 00:47:16.560
The wisdom of lessons learned in the past

974
00:47:16.560 --> 00:47:18.120
may be the most important things

975
00:47:18.120 --> 00:47:20.280
for adapting to future changes.

976
00:47:20.280 --> 00:47:22.800
In addition, Lalo and the other Kupuna islands

977
00:47:22.800 --> 00:47:25.650
within the Monument serve as a unique timestamp,

978
00:47:25.650 --> 00:47:28.650
a place where we can go to see healthy ecological systems

979
00:47:28.650 --> 00:47:30.900
with limited human disturbance.

980
00:47:30.900 --> 00:47:33.600
Resilience or the capacity to adapt to change

981
00:47:33.600 --> 00:47:36.060
and disturbance is the focus of our work at Lalo

982
00:47:36.060 --> 00:47:37.830
and across Hawaiʻi Pae 'Aina,

983
00:47:37.830 --> 00:47:39.540
or the Hawaiian archipelago.

984
00:47:39.540 --> 00:47:41.010
Change events can happen slowly,

985
00:47:41.010 --> 00:47:43.350
such as the steady rise of ocean temperatures

986
00:47:43.350 --> 00:47:45.330
and its impacts the reef systems,

987
00:47:45.330 --> 00:47:46.530
or they can happen quickly,

988
00:47:46.530 --> 00:47:48.730
such as the damage done by Hurricane Walaka.

989
00:47:49.680 --> 00:47:51.810
I wanted to highlight an interesting concept

990
00:47:51.810 --> 00:47:53.730
that was applied within Ka'ūpūlehu,

991
00:47:53.730 --> 00:47:56.430
which is a resilient community within the moku of Kona

992
00:47:56.430 --> 00:47:57.829
on Hawai'i Island.

993
00:47:57.829 --> 00:47:59.580
So they have collaborative projects

994
00:47:59.580 --> 00:48:03.240
that blend local knowledge relevant to climate

995
00:48:03.240 --> 00:48:05.940
and environmental change and adaptation strategies

996
00:48:05.940 --> 00:48:07.230
and resources that promote

997
00:48:07.230 --> 00:48:10.050
social ecological resilience to climate change.

998
00:48:10.050 --> 00:48:13.530
But this concept is the concept of memory.

999
00:48:13.530 --> 00:48:14.580
After change events,

1000
00:48:14.580 --> 00:48:16.920
the memory of a social ecological system

1001
00:48:16.920 --> 00:48:20.040
can initiate times of growth, reorganization,

1002
00:48:20.040 --> 00:48:21.120
and to get this system

1003
00:48:21.120 --> 00:48:23.223
to revert back to previous conditions.

1004
00:48:27.630 --> 00:48:28.920
So ecological memory

1005
00:48:28.920 --> 00:48:31.680
includes biological process that continue,

1006
00:48:31.680 --> 00:48:33.960
such as green sea turtles returning to nest

1007
00:48:33.960 --> 00:48:35.820
on a previously washed away island,

1008
00:48:35.820 --> 00:48:37.590
or seabirds returning to lay eggs

1009
00:48:37.590 --> 00:48:40.350
where its previous clutch was lost.

1010
00:48:40.350 --> 00:48:43.230
In addition to ecological memory is social memory.

1011
00:48:43.230 --> 00:48:45.960
And this comes from the knowledge, practices, values,

1012
00:48:45.960 --> 00:48:48.690
and world views of the people in the system.

1013
00:48:48.690 --> 00:48:49.770
I highlight this concept

1014
00:48:49.770 --> 00:48:51.450
because although Native Hawaiian descendants

1015
00:48:51.450 --> 00:48:53.400
have not physically lived on these Kupuna Islands

1016
00:48:53.400 --> 00:48:55.050
for numerous generations,

1017
00:48:55.050 --> 00:48:57.720
the cultural identity, attachment to the place,

1018
00:48:57.720 --> 00:49:01.080
and the practice of caring for Lalo remains strong.

1019
00:49:01.080 --> 00:49:03.120
Reflecting on and learning from these aspects

1020
00:49:03.120 --> 00:49:04.560
can strengthen resilience,

1021
00:49:04.560 --> 00:49:06.057
in addition to the vital research

1022
00:49:06.057 --> 00:49:08.040
and management taking place at Lalo,

1023
00:49:08.040 --> 00:49:09.840
and our key components that we need to consider

1024
00:49:09.840 --> 00:49:11.840
when developing this resilient strategy.

1025
00:49:15.450 --> 00:49:17.820
So I know for community members in Hawaiʻi,

1026
00:49:17.820 --> 00:49:20.490
I encourage you all to in establish a connection

1027
00:49:20.490 --> 00:49:23.280
or pilina to Lalo and the other amazing resources

1028
00:49:23.280 --> 00:49:26.700
within Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

1029
00:49:26.700 --> 00:49:29.100
Establishing this connection to a place like Lalo

1030
00:49:29.100 --> 00:49:31.710
may seem unattainable because it is so far away

1031
00:49:31.710 --> 00:49:33.390
and access is difficult,

1032
00:49:33.390 --> 00:49:35.580
but there are opportunities for those of you

1033
00:49:35.580 --> 00:49:38.370
that are watching this webinar to build this pilina

1034
00:49:38.370 --> 00:49:39.510
to this valuable place

1035
00:49:39.510 --> 00:49:42.000
without having to leave the main Hawaiian Islands.

1036
00:49:42.000 --> 00:49:43.650
One such place is in Hilo, Hawaiʻi

1037
00:49:44.580 --> 00:49:46.350
at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center,

1038
00:49:46.350 --> 00:49:48.930
where they place interactive education resources

1039
00:49:48.930 --> 00:49:49.920
for community members

1040
00:49:49.920 --> 00:49:52.050
to learn more about these valuable places

1041
00:49:52.050 --> 00:49:54.033
and resources we're working to protect.

1042
00:49:55.140 --> 00:49:57.300
In Līhu'e, Kaua'i,

1043
00:49:57.300 --> 00:50:00.000
presented by NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries

1044
00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:02.190
and the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation

1045
00:50:02.190 --> 00:50:03.810
at the Kukui Grove Center,

1046
00:50:03.810 --> 00:50:05.820
Kaua'i Ocean Discovery is a new facility

1047
00:50:05.820 --> 00:50:06.810
that shares the tradition

1048
00:50:06.810 --> 00:50:09.353
and knowledge of our ocean connections,

1049
00:50:09.353 --> 00:50:12.150
and has exhibits and education opportunities

1050
00:50:12.150 --> 00:50:13.440
where you can learn more about

1051
00:50:13.440 --> 00:50:16.080
Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument,

1052
00:50:16.080 --> 00:50:17.880
as well as the Hawaiian Islands Humpback

1053
00:50:17.880 --> 00:50:19.480
Whale National Marine Sanctuary.

1054
00:50:21.900 --> 00:50:26.190
On O'ahu at the Inouye Regional Center or the IRC

1055
00:50:26.190 --> 00:50:28.260
where most of the NOAA offices are located,

1056
00:50:28.260 --> 00:50:31.890
there are educators there that provide educational programs

1057
00:50:31.890 --> 00:50:36.270
and tours with learning activities

1058
00:50:36.270 --> 00:50:39.330
focused on Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument,

1059
00:50:39.330 --> 00:50:40.920
and also at the Bishop Museum.

1060
00:50:40.920 --> 00:50:41.940
So coming soon,

1061
00:50:41.940 --> 00:50:43.410
the Bishop Museum has an exhibit

1062
00:50:43.410 --> 00:50:45.690
going up in their Science Adventure Center.

1063
00:50:45.690 --> 00:50:48.420
It already has a section on plastics and marine debris,

1064
00:50:48.420 --> 00:50:49.823
but they're targeting October 1st

1065
00:50:49.823 --> 00:50:53.640
to have a virtual reality type experience featuring Lalo.

1066
00:50:53.640 --> 00:50:54.840
Once this exhibit is up,

1067
00:50:54.840 --> 00:50:56.553
it'll remain up indefinitely.

1068
00:50:59.340 --> 00:51:00.390
So in closing,

1069
00:51:00.390 --> 00:51:03.060
as we at Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

1070
00:51:03.060 --> 00:51:05.400
continue to work toward protecting the resources

1071
00:51:05.400 --> 00:51:07.380
of this special place,

1072
00:51:07.380 --> 00:51:08.940
we also encourage the local communities

1073
00:51:08.940 --> 00:51:10.110
across the Hawaiian Islands

1074
00:51:10.110 --> 00:51:12.660
and those around the world to get to know these places,

1075
00:51:12.660 --> 00:51:15.180
and reflect on what these places can teach us.

1076
00:51:15.180 --> 00:51:17.310
Although Lalo may seem far away,

1077
00:51:17.310 --> 00:51:18.750
the lessons we can learn from the natural

1078
00:51:18.750 --> 00:51:21.030
and cultural resources that are found here

1079
00:51:21.030 --> 00:51:23.280
reminds us that the entire Hawaiʻi Pae 'Aina

1080
00:51:23.280 --> 00:51:25.770
or Hawaiian archipelago is connected

1081
00:51:25.770 --> 00:51:28.380
and requires our attention.

1082
00:51:28.380 --> 00:51:30.418
I hope that Lalo can continue to be a shining light

1083
00:51:30.418 --> 00:51:33.000
on the importance of aloha 'āina,

1084
00:51:33.000 --> 00:51:34.530
or the collective responsibility.

1085
00:51:34.530 --> 00:51:36.480
We all who live in Hawaiʻi

1086
00:51:36.480 --> 00:51:39.060
have to protect these remaining special places

1087
00:51:39.060 --> 00:51:40.980
for generations to come.

1088
00:51:40.980 --> 00:51:41.813
And with that,

1089
00:51:41.813 --> 00:51:43.590
mahalo you all for listening

1090
00:51:43.590 --> 00:51:45.960
and I'll turn it over to Malia

1091
00:51:45.960 --> 00:51:49.020
or anyone in the audience who has any particular questions.

1092
00:51:49.020 --> 00:51:49.853
Mahalo nui.

1093
00:51:52.440 --> 00:51:53.730
<v Justin>Hey, Mahalo Kilo.</v>

1094
00:51:53.730 --> 00:51:57.060
You did an excellent job of explaining complex things.

1095
00:51:57.060 --> 00:51:58.860
This is Justin here.

1096
00:51:58.860 --> 00:52:02.460
We have two questions that have come in for you so far.

1097
00:52:02.460 --> 00:52:06.660
One was I'm wondering if you could explain spatial scale

1098
00:52:06.660 --> 00:52:07.493
a little bit more,

1099
00:52:07.493 --> 00:52:09.033
what exactly does that indicate?

1100
00:52:10.350 --> 00:52:11.932
<v ->Yeah, sure.</v>

1101
00:52:11.932 --> 00:52:15.060
When we were doing our special sessions,

1102
00:52:15.060 --> 00:52:16.260
part of collecting this data

1103
00:52:16.260 --> 00:52:18.840
was understanding of what spatial scale

1104
00:52:18.840 --> 00:52:21.660
each of these climate stressors are impacting the species.

1105
00:52:21.660 --> 00:52:23.670
So on the lower end of the scale,

1106
00:52:23.670 --> 00:52:26.040
this could be islet-specific, right?

1107
00:52:26.040 --> 00:52:27.210
So the impacts

1108
00:52:27.210 --> 00:52:31.350
will be experienced by this individual species.

1109
00:52:31.350 --> 00:52:32.790
Like maybe whether it's just

1110
00:52:32.790 --> 00:52:35.790
on the terrestrial island itself or in the fringing reef,

1111
00:52:35.790 --> 00:52:38.670
and then it could expand maybe it's nearshore.

1112
00:52:38.670 --> 00:52:40.890
So it's distance from this terrestrial area.

1113
00:52:40.890 --> 00:52:43.890
Or it could be archipelago-wide kind of stressor

1114
00:52:43.890 --> 00:52:48.150
that they're facing maybe like sea level rise, right?

1115
00:52:48.150 --> 00:52:50.430
So there may be some stressors

1116
00:52:50.430 --> 00:52:53.250
that are experienced at the islet level,

1117
00:52:53.250 --> 00:52:54.960
but there's also ocean warming

1118
00:52:54.960 --> 00:52:58.020
and the effects that that has across the archipelago,

1119
00:52:58.020 --> 00:52:59.790
if that makes sense.

1120
00:52:59.790 --> 00:53:00.870
<v Justin>Yeah, that's very helpful.</v>

1121
00:53:00.870 --> 00:53:02.190
Thank you.

1122
00:53:02.190 --> 00:53:03.023
Let's see.

1123
00:53:03.023 --> 00:53:04.560
The next question that came in is

1124
00:53:04.560 --> 00:53:06.540
can you give us your best guess

1125
00:53:06.540 --> 00:53:08.970
of some of the adaptation options

1126
00:53:08.970 --> 00:53:10.980
that might be discussed for sea turtles,

1127
00:53:10.980 --> 00:53:13.410
monk seals and other species?

1128
00:53:13.410 --> 00:53:14.243
<v ->Hmm.</v>

1129
00:53:15.360 --> 00:53:17.520
I can't speak to that yet.

1130
00:53:17.520 --> 00:53:20.760
II can contribute a little bit of what I think

1131
00:53:20.760 --> 00:53:23.490
are some potential adaptation options.

1132
00:53:23.490 --> 00:53:25.860
So we're hoping is within the next two months,

1133
00:53:25.860 --> 00:53:27.330
we'll have these webinar series

1134
00:53:27.330 --> 00:53:30.002
and we'll really get a robust list of adaptation options

1135
00:53:30.002 --> 00:53:31.860
from around the world.

1136
00:53:31.860 --> 00:53:34.838
But some specific interests within Lalo

1137
00:53:34.838 --> 00:53:39.300
are for the available or remaining terrestrial habitat.

1138
00:53:39.300 --> 00:53:42.900
And because Tern is the largest emergent landmass

1139
00:53:42.900 --> 00:53:46.050
that is available some priorities there

1140
00:53:46.050 --> 00:53:47.940
will be finding an alternative

1141
00:53:47.940 --> 00:53:49.803
to these dilapidated seawalls.

1142
00:53:50.640 --> 00:53:51.810
And so what this looks like,

1143
00:53:51.810 --> 00:53:56.810
we really don't know what the best solution will be.

1144
00:53:57.452 --> 00:54:01.410
It's not feasible to break down the entire seawall

1145
00:54:01.410 --> 00:54:03.210
and then just put up another seawall.

1146
00:54:03.210 --> 00:54:05.040
There's not enough long term data

1147
00:54:05.040 --> 00:54:07.530
about sedimentation movement within the atoll

1148
00:54:07.530 --> 00:54:09.060
to know what the long-term effects

1149
00:54:09.060 --> 00:54:11.460
of putting up a new seawall will be.

1150
00:54:11.460 --> 00:54:13.560
So some of the panelist speakers

1151
00:54:13.560 --> 00:54:16.140
will speak to some green infrastructure,

1152
00:54:16.140 --> 00:54:19.380
maybe some engineers that work on coastal resilience,

1153
00:54:19.380 --> 00:54:22.470
looking at some key solutions

1154
00:54:22.470 --> 00:54:25.200
or alternatives to this dilapidated seawall,

1155
00:54:25.200 --> 00:54:28.260
where we can contain this emergent land mass

1156
00:54:28.260 --> 00:54:30.420
and allow for this available resting

1157
00:54:30.420 --> 00:54:34.140
and nesting space while still allowing wildlife to traverse

1158
00:54:34.140 --> 00:54:36.840
between marine and terrestrial environments.

1159
00:54:36.840 --> 00:54:39.423
I know that's gonna be a big focus.

1160
00:54:40.830 --> 00:54:44.130
I can't speak too much about the other adaptations options.

1161
00:54:44.130 --> 00:54:46.950
We do have a list of priority items,

1162
00:54:46.950 --> 00:54:48.690
and hopefully within the next few months,

1163
00:54:48.690 --> 00:54:52.320
we'll have a list that we'll be able to share

1164
00:54:52.320 --> 00:54:54.363
about some next steps for adaptations.

1165
00:54:56.010 --> 00:54:56.990
<v Justin>Great, thank you.</v>

1166
00:54:56.990 --> 00:54:58.380
I know a lot is still being figured out,

1167
00:54:58.380 --> 00:55:00.930
so there's only so much you can say.

1168
00:55:00.930 --> 00:55:01.950
Andy, how are we doing?

1169
00:55:01.950 --> 00:55:03.240
Do we have time for one more question?

1170
00:55:03.240 --> 00:55:06.060
<v Andy>Yeah, we got time for one more.</v>

1171
00:55:06.060 --> 00:55:07.290
<v Justin>Okay.</v>

1172
00:55:07.290 --> 00:55:09.390
Actually you mentioned those webinars.

1173
00:55:09.390 --> 00:55:13.683
What would be the best way for people to connect to those?

1174
00:55:15.450 --> 00:55:16.300
<v ->Great question.</v>

1175
00:55:17.490 --> 00:55:22.260
So the intention for this will be peer to peer interaction

1176
00:55:22.260 --> 00:55:24.720
and the intention for these webinars

1177
00:55:24.720 --> 00:55:27.180
are to be a dialogue

1178
00:55:27.180 --> 00:55:30.480
between the co-manager agency representatives

1179
00:55:30.480 --> 00:55:32.250
and the subject matter experts

1180
00:55:32.250 --> 00:55:34.800
to have dialogue with these panelists.

1181
00:55:34.800 --> 00:55:37.150
This won't be publicly available

1182
00:55:38.532 --> 00:55:42.720
or a venue where external participants

1183
00:55:42.720 --> 00:55:44.163
will be able to attend.

1184
00:55:45.240 --> 00:55:47.520
And this is what the main goal that these co-managers

1185
00:55:47.520 --> 00:55:49.380
can speak candidly with these panelists

1186
00:55:49.380 --> 00:55:52.770
and ask these burning questions about some questions

1187
00:55:52.770 --> 00:55:54.750
that they have about adaptation options.

1188
00:55:54.750 --> 00:55:56.490
So currently, my short answer is that

1189
00:55:56.490 --> 00:56:01.050
it's not going to be a publicly-available webinar series.

1190
00:56:01.050 --> 00:56:03.210
It'll actually be more so agency internal

1191
00:56:03.210 --> 00:56:04.890
or a subject matter expert

1192
00:56:04.890 --> 00:56:09.513
and a collaborator webinar series.

1193
00:56:11.880 --> 00:56:13.230
<v Justin>Great, thanks for clarifying.</v>

1194
00:56:13.230 --> 00:56:16.680
And I'm sure we will have some final public products

1195
00:56:16.680 --> 00:56:20.100
coming out later on in the process once this is all done.

1196
00:56:20.100 --> 00:56:21.003
<v ->Yes, definitely.</v>

1197
00:56:22.410 --> 00:56:23.700
<v Justin>I think we're about out of time,</v>

1198
00:56:23.700 --> 00:56:26.280
but you just had a slew of questions coming in.

1199
00:56:26.280 --> 00:56:29.280
So we are going to email those to Kilo

1200
00:56:29.280 --> 00:56:31.680
and send out the responses later.

1201
00:56:31.680 --> 00:56:33.390
And you also are getting many accolades

1202
00:56:33.390 --> 00:56:35.520
coming in for this great presentation.

1203
00:56:35.520 --> 00:56:36.950
So thank you.

1204
00:56:36.950 --> 00:56:37.860
I'm gonna hand you over-
<v ->Mahalo nui to everyone</v>

1205
00:56:37.860 --> 00:56:40.560
for taking time out of their day to attend.

1206
00:56:40.560 --> 00:56:42.660
I'm really glad I was able to share a little bit

1207
00:56:42.660 --> 00:56:44.207
about our work at Lalo.

1208
00:56:46.118 --> 00:56:46.951
<v ->Yeah, mahalo.</v>

1209
00:56:46.951 --> 00:56:49.890
Kilo, that was a great talk

1210
00:56:49.890 --> 00:56:53.700
and look forward to the future discussions around Lalo.

1211
00:56:53.700 --> 00:56:56.910
It's a very, very special and sacred place

1212
00:56:56.910 --> 00:57:01.230
and definitely is worthy of our attention.

1213
00:57:01.230 --> 00:57:04.653
So thank you for working on that and for presenting on it.

1214
00:57:05.557 --> 00:57:06.967
I just have a few-
<v ->Mahalo.</v>

1215
00:57:06.967 --> 00:57:08.217
<v ->Yeah, mahalo.</v>

1216
00:57:09.822 --> 00:57:11.340
I have a few closing slides for us.

1217
00:57:11.340 --> 00:57:13.170
So when you close out,

1218
00:57:13.170 --> 00:57:17.040
make sure to take our survey,

1219
00:57:17.040 --> 00:57:21.360
but also this webinar will be archived within a week or two

1220
00:57:21.360 --> 00:57:23.970
on that website that you see there.

1221
00:57:23.970 --> 00:57:26.670
We have to do some captioning and other things to get it up.

1222
00:57:26.670 --> 00:57:28.890
So it takes about two weeks,

1223
00:57:28.890 --> 00:57:30.690
but you will receive an email

1224
00:57:30.690 --> 00:57:33.060
when the recording is available

1225
00:57:33.060 --> 00:57:35.250
and you can share that with others.

1226
00:57:35.250 --> 00:57:37.527
There's also all of our great webinars we've had

1227
00:57:37.527 --> 00:57:39.690
for the last few years up there.

1228
00:57:39.690 --> 00:57:41.970
You can practically take a university course

1229
00:57:41.970 --> 00:57:44.070
in all the webinars that we've had

1230
00:57:44.070 --> 00:57:45.420
over the last couple years.

1231
00:57:45.420 --> 00:57:48.660
So please check that out on the archive page.

1232
00:57:48.660 --> 00:57:50.880
You'll also get a Certificate of Attendance

1233
00:57:50.880 --> 00:57:51.713
within a few days.

1234
00:57:51.713 --> 00:57:54.030
I think the person that helps us   with this

1235
00:57:54.030 --> 00:57:54.930
is on vacation.

1236
00:57:54.930 --> 00:57:57.570
So it may take us a few days to get this to you,

1237
00:57:57.570 --> 00:58:01.020
but that's for one hour of professional development

1238
00:58:01.020 --> 00:58:04.620
related to attending the webinar series.

1239
00:58:04.620 --> 00:58:08.790
And also we have our next webinar series.

1240
00:58:08.790 --> 00:58:11.400
We will send out a notification about that,

1241
00:58:11.400 --> 00:58:14.370
but there are some other great webinars coming up too.

1242
00:58:14.370 --> 00:58:16.350
This one that I highlight here

1243
00:58:16.350 --> 00:58:18.720
is about climate change, whales, kids:

1244
00:58:18.720 --> 00:58:21.720
and how science and education can protect species

1245
00:58:21.720 --> 00:58:22.980
and fight climate change.

1246
00:58:22.980 --> 00:58:26.790
So on the NOAA webinar page,

1247
00:58:26.790 --> 00:58:29.790
you can find a link for that and register for that talk.

1248
00:58:29.790 --> 00:58:31.890
It should be an interesting one.

1249
00:58:31.890 --> 00:58:34.980
And also our partnership with Nautilus

1250
00:58:34.980 --> 00:58:39.810
Ocean Exploration Trust and Nautilus continues.

1251
00:58:39.810 --> 00:58:41.250
And they're taking off, I think,

1252
00:58:41.250 --> 00:58:44.940
tomorrow for the next expedition to Papahānaumokuākea,

1253
00:58:44.940 --> 00:58:47.460
where they're be doing some deep sea mapping

1254
00:58:47.460 --> 00:58:49.440
and really cool.

1255
00:58:49.440 --> 00:58:54.095
We have four nntive Hawaiian data mappers,

1256
00:58:54.095 --> 00:58:56.520
deep sea mapping experts,

1257
00:58:56.520 --> 00:58:59.520
and cultural liaisons on board that expedition.

1258
00:58:59.520 --> 00:59:02.490
And we're gonna have some interaction with the vessel.

1259
00:59:02.490 --> 00:59:06.270
So please check out some nautiluslive.org page

1260
00:59:06.270 --> 00:59:09.363
and get involved with that over the next few weeks.

1261
00:59:10.200 --> 00:59:11.460
And last but not least,

1262
00:59:11.460 --> 00:59:13.440
please do take our survey at the end.

1263
00:59:13.440 --> 00:59:14.640
We'd love to hear from you.

1264
00:59:14.640 --> 00:59:17.220
Are there any topics that you think we should cover

1265
00:59:17.220 --> 00:59:18.750
or you'd like to see?

1266
00:59:18.750 --> 00:59:20.130
Please let us know.

1267
00:59:20.130 --> 00:59:24.030
And that also helps us to support these programs

1268
00:59:24.030 --> 00:59:26.490
by knowing what people are interested in

1269
00:59:26.490 --> 00:59:28.876
an how they're using this information.

1270
00:59:28.876 --> 00:59:30.090
So with that,

1271
00:59:30.090 --> 00:59:33.090
mahalo and mahalo Kilo for presenting

1272
00:59:33.090 --> 00:59:35.790
and everybody have a wonderful rest of your day.

1273
00:59:35.790 --> 00:59:39.063
I look forward to seeing you on our next webinar.