WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:05.490 --> 00:00:10.340 [Chris Butler-Minor] Well, hello, everyone, and welcome to tonight's presentation. 00:00:10.340 --> 00:00:16.250 I, unfortunately, wanted to show you some pictures, but I'm having some challenges showing 00:00:16.250 --> 00:00:21.990 you my screen, so I do apologize for that. So, if you'll bear with me, we'll just talk 00:00:21.990 --> 00:00:28.619 through it. So, I'd like to say that we're pleased to 00:00:28.619 --> 00:00:35.510 have you join our Office of National Marine Sanctuaries Webinar Series - The Olympic Coast 00:00:35.510 --> 00:00:41.321 as a Sentinel: Resilience Actions for Tribal Community well-being in the face of Ocean 00:00:41.321 --> 00:00:47.960 Change with Dr. Melissa Poe from Washington Sea Grant. 00:00:47.960 --> 00:00:54.239 I would also like to start with an acknowledgement that we are broadcasting from the traditional 00:00:54.239 --> 00:01:03.170 lands of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. And near the site of the historical village, 00:01:03.170 --> 00:01:07.050 č̕ixʷícən (Tse-whit-zen), the lower, excuse me, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe is a 00:01:07.050 --> 00:01:13.229 sovereign, federally recognized, Indian Nation with its own Constitution and Government. 00:01:13.229 --> 00:01:19.409 The tribe resides in the Lower Elwha River Valley and adjacent bluffs on the north coast 00:01:19.409 --> 00:01:24.399 of the Olympic Peninsula, just west of Port Angeles, Washington. 00:01:24.399 --> 00:01:32.640 And as recognized by the United States in 1855, in the Point No Point Treaty, 00:01:32.640 --> 00:01:38.759 The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe has lived in this area since time immemorial. 00:01:38.759 --> 00:01:46.609 Tribes current land base was initially acquired by the U S in trust for the tribe in 1935 00:01:46.609 --> 00:01:53.920 and those lands were proclaimed as the Lower Elwha Klallam reservation in 1968. 00:01:53.920 --> 00:01:58.460 Today, Tribal lands include about one thousand acres on and around the Elwha 00:01:58.460 --> 00:02:04.579 River, where they continue to be active in stewardship that protects, enhances, restores 00:02:04.579 --> 00:02:11.510 both, excuse me, all of the land, air, and water resources, and environmental health 00:02:11.510 --> 00:02:15.990 for generations to come. And I hope you'll join me in supporting their 00:02:15.990 --> 00:02:25.790 efforts and successes to meet these goals. So, I'm Chris Butler Minor. I'm the Community 00:02:25.790 --> 00:02:29.790 Engagement Specialist for the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. 00:02:29.790 --> 00:02:35.760 Also joining us is Rachele Brown, the Education Manager with Feiro Marine Life Center. 00:02:35.760 --> 00:02:41.090 And, this event is co-hosted by the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and Feiro 00:02:41.090 --> 00:02:46.250 Marine Life Center as the third installment of our 2022 Climate 00:02:46.250 --> 00:02:54.680 Impact and Resilience themed speaker series. Speaker series are events that are brought 00:02:54.680 --> 00:02:59.540 to inform you on marine focused topics of interest from subject matter experts. 00:02:59.540 --> 00:03:07.260 During the presentation, all of you as attendees will be in listen only mode, but you are welcome 00:03:07.260 --> 00:03:13.650 to type questions into the question panel -that's on kind of the lower part of your 00:03:13.650 --> 00:03:18.010 right-hand screen. We'll have time to answer questions at the 00:03:18.010 --> 00:03:22.060 end of Melissa's presentation. You can also use the question box to let us 00:03:22.060 --> 00:03:26.500 know if you're having any technical difficulties and we'll try to talk you through that using 00:03:26.500 --> 00:03:31.320 the question box. And then, also, to let you know, we're recording 00:03:31.320 --> 00:03:35.920 this session. So registered participants will get a link 00:03:35.920 --> 00:03:40.250 to the recorded webinar once it's been closed captioned and posted 00:03:40.250 --> 00:03:46.720 onto the, excuse me, the National Marine Sanctuaries Webinar Series website with closed 00:03:46.720 --> 00:03:50.830 captioning. We also greatly appreciate any feedback that 00:03:50.830 --> 00:03:55.880 you have for us about these sessions. And so, at the end of our program, there'll be 00:03:55.880 --> 00:04:00.670 a short survey presented to you. We hope you will take it and give us some feedback. 00:04:00.670 --> 00:04:08.230 OK, so, I'd also like to briefly introduce you to the National Marine Sanctuary System. 00:04:08.230 --> 00:04:15.830 It began about 50 years ago, when the US ushered in a new era of ocean conservation. 00:04:15.830 --> 00:04:22.000 And this occurred not only with the National Marine, excuse me, the National Marine Sanctuaries Act, 00:04:22.000 --> 00:04:26.360 but also the formation of this system. Since then, we have grown into a nationwide 00:04:26.360 --> 00:04:33.550 network of 15 National Marine Sanctuaries and two Marine National Monuments that conserve 00:04:33.550 --> 00:04:41.310 more than 620,000 acres of spectacular ocean and Great Lake waters in an area that's nearly 00:04:41.310 --> 00:04:45.210 the size of Alaska. That's a chunk o' water, so to speak. 00:04:45.210 --> 00:04:54.710 Um, I'd love to be able to the map of where our sanctuary is located. So I'll just tell you, 00:04:54.710 --> 00:05:00.020 since it's not displaying for me. The sanctuary that I work for, Olympic Coast National Marine 00:05:00.020 --> 00:05:05.080 Sanctuary, is located on the outer coast of Washington State. And it's within the usual 00:05:05.080 --> 00:05:11.669 and accustomed fishing and hunting areas of the Hoh Tribe, Makah Tribe, Quileute Tribe, 00:05:11.669 --> 00:05:19.710 and Quinault Indian Nation also commonly referred to collectively as the Four Coastal Treaty 00:05:19.710 --> 00:05:26.090 Tribes. The national sanctuaries themselves are areas 00:05:26.090 --> 00:05:32.220 of the marine environment with special conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, cultural, 00:05:32.220 --> 00:05:42.029 archeological, and/or esthetic qualities. And this year, the Office of National Marine 00:05:42.029 --> 00:05:50.190 Sanctuaries invites you to celebrate, discover, explore, enjoy, and save spectacular, while 00:05:50.190 --> 00:05:55.900 celebrating our 50th anniversary year, which will take place in late October of this year. 00:05:55.900 --> 00:06:00.949 Now, I would like to turn over the broadcast to Rachele. 00:06:00.949 --> 00:06:07.800 [Rachele Brown] Thank you, Chris. And, as Chris said, I am Rachele Brown, the Education 00:06:07.800 --> 00:06:14.559 Manager at Feiro Marine Life Center. Feiro is located in Port Angeles on City Pier. 00:06:14.559 --> 00:06:22.129 We were founded in 1981 by a community leader Arthur Feiro. 00:06:22.129 --> 00:06:28.900 Feiro specializes in marine invertebrates and local fishes. 00:06:28.900 --> 00:06:33.819 So, if you haven't visited Feiro, I highly recommend the next time you're visiting the 00:06:33.819 --> 00:06:41.499 Olympic Peninsula to check us out in Port Angeles, as you hopefully get to go out to 00:06:41.499 --> 00:06:47.120 the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. And I'm going to turn it back over to Chris, 00:06:47.120 --> 00:06:59.449 to introduce our wonderful speaker for tonight. [Chris Butler-Minor] Thank you, Rachele. 00:06:59.449 --> 00:07:03.759 So! It's my pleasure to be able to introduce you 00:07:03.759 --> 00:07:09.659 to tonight's speaker, Dr. Melissa Poe, who leads the Social Science program at Washington 00:07:09.659 --> 00:07:16.270 Sea Grant, where she works to identify, define, and incorporate measures of human well-being 00:07:16.270 --> 00:07:20.830 and cultural practices, into marine planning and ecosystem-based management. 00:07:20.830 --> 00:07:26.960 She is involved in Washington Sea Grant's and NOAA’s ocean acidification and climate change 00:07:26.960 --> 00:07:31.210 programs studying how our changing seas might impact 00:07:31.210 --> 00:07:36.740 the social and cultural values of West Coast coastal and fishing communities. 00:07:36.740 --> 00:07:42.039 Melissa serves as a social science advisor to regional bodies such as the Puget Sound 00:07:42.039 --> 00:07:46.669 Partnership. And she also advisers and mentors undergraduate 00:07:46.669 --> 00:07:50.830 and graduate students who are interested in human nature and interactions and earning 00:07:50.830 --> 00:07:58.419 degrees in programs, ranging from human geography, public health, anthropology to environmental 00:07:58.419 --> 00:08:02.059 studies. She’s also active in diversity, equity, 00:08:02.059 --> 00:08:06.990 and inclusion efforts. So, without further ado, I ask you to please 00:08:06.990 --> 00:08:10.439 welcome Doctor Melissa Poe. 00:08:10.439 --> 00:08:20.371 And I will make you a presenter. There you are, wonderful. 00:08:20.371 --> 00:08:22.389 [Dr. Melissa Poe] Thank you so much for that introduction. 00:08:22.389 --> 00:08:27.150 I wanted to confirm that you can see my opening slide. 00:08:27.150 --> 00:08:35.159 [Chris Butler-Minor] Yes, we can. [Rachele Brown] We can see. [Dr. Melissa Poe] Great. Thank you. 00:08:35.159 --> 00:08:41.490 OK. So, let me clear a few things out here. Yes, 00:08:41.490 --> 00:08:47.280 it's really nice to join you all this evening. And I also share the gratitude that has been 00:08:47.280 --> 00:08:53.981 expressed in honoring the important relationships between people in places where we meet. Where 00:08:53.981 --> 00:08:59.570 I work, at the University of Washington, we acknowledge Coast Salish peoples and the shared 00:08:59.570 --> 00:09:06.250 waters of all tribes and bands within the Duwamish, Puyallup, Suquamish, Tulalip, and 00:09:06.250 --> 00:09:12.449 Muckleshoot Nations. As we gather virtually, each one of us sits 00:09:12.449 --> 00:09:16.611 in different places. And you're encouraged to reflect on the First 00:09:16.611 --> 00:09:22.990 Stewards in the place where you are. If you're unsure, a good resource to begin your learning 00:09:22.990 --> 00:09:27.550 journey, is at the link in the lower left of this slide (https://native-land.ca). 00:09:27.550 --> 00:09:35.170 A deeper understanding of the long-term caretakers in your places is the basis for building action 00:09:35.170 --> 00:09:42.490 plans for honoring Tribal Sovereignty. And, in my specific situation, I hold responsibility 00:09:42.490 --> 00:09:48.810 to the Duwamish peoples and this small piece of land where I live in West Seattle. 00:09:48.810 --> 00:09:52.769 Our house is located in the Longfellow Creek watershed. 00:09:52.769 --> 00:09:57.910 The Duwamish call Longfellow creek t7áWee (pronounced to-AH-wee), meaning "Smelt" in 00:09:57.910 --> 00:10:05.110 their Lushootseed language, and it’s one of four waterways in Seattle that is salmon-bearing. 00:10:05.110 --> 00:10:12.180 The watershed here drains to Elliott Bay, the body of water immediately fronting downtown Seattle. 00:10:12.180 --> 00:10:20.190 Here, depicted by this picture of the Salmon Bone Sculpture Bridge, Coho salmon have recently 00:10:20.190 --> 00:10:25.920 returned after being absent for 60 or so years owing to toxic runoff. 00:10:25.920 --> 00:10:34.779 In this territory, Tribal fishing rights are protected through the 1855 Point Elliott Treaty. 00:10:34.779 --> 00:10:38.649 The Suquamish and and Muckleshoot Tribes exercise their fishing 00:10:38.649 --> 00:10:44.720 rights and care for the resources in Elliott Bay today, just as they have for thousands 00:10:44.720 --> 00:10:51.500 of years in their usual and accustomed areas. Nearby public fishing piers and beaches are 00:10:51.500 --> 00:10:58.440 places where settlers (like my family), and new immigrant communities also fish for squid, 00:10:58.440 --> 00:11:03.029 salmon and other resources. 00:11:03.029 --> 00:11:09.410 The place in focus for today's presentation is the Olympic Coast, located on the north-west 00:11:09.410 --> 00:11:15.170 corner of Washington state. It’s a region known for its high marine 00:11:15.170 --> 00:11:23.019 biological productivity, dynamic ocean environment, rugged coastline, and geographic remoteness 00:11:23.019 --> 00:11:27.920 that is home since time immemorial to four coastal treaty tribes, 00:11:27.920 --> 00:11:34.329 the ones that Chris introduced us to, as well as other small resource dependent communities. 00:11:34.329 --> 00:11:42.829 The Makah, Quileute, and Hoh tribes and the Quinault Indian Nation co-manage the Olympic 00:11:42.829 --> 00:11:49.100 Coast National Marine Sanctuary, with the Sanctuary Program and also with 00:11:49.100 --> 00:11:51.250 the Olympic National Park. 00:11:51.250 --> 00:11:56.660 The tribes are highly dependent upon fish, shellfish, and other natural resources for 00:11:56.660 --> 00:12:00.730 their way of life. And their continued well-being depends upon 00:12:00.730 --> 00:12:07.220 access to healthy marine resources that the United States government is obligated by treaty 00:12:07.220 --> 00:12:12.030 to protect. Together with the Tribes and their collaborators, 00:12:12.030 --> 00:12:19.350 I co-lead a project to assess the regional, social-ecological vulnerability to ocean acidification 00:12:19.350 --> 00:12:26.149 and ocean change. We seek to understand and anticipate the unique vulnerabilities and 00:12:26.149 --> 00:12:33.079 strengths of Olympic Coast Tribes, particularly how changes in the ocean may impact well-being 00:12:33.079 --> 00:12:39.519 and to identify priority actions determined by the communities for how they might respond 00:12:39.519 --> 00:12:44.750 and adapt. These tribes: “are literally on the frontline 00:12:44.750 --> 00:12:50.470 of ocean acidification impacts,” is how our project partner, Joe Schumacker with the 00:12:50.470 --> 00:12:55.760 Quinault Indian Nation, worded it; adding, quote “we have a responsibility 00:12:55.760 --> 00:13:03.930 to know so we can plan for an uncertain future” end quote. I am grateful to the First Stewards 00:13:03.930 --> 00:13:10.360 of Olympic Coast and all of my project partners for the opportunity to do this important work 00:13:10.360 --> 00:13:14.440 together. I'm going to change slides, but I also wanted 00:13:14.440 --> 00:13:23.490 to invite others on the call to mute themselves. There's a little bit of background noise. 00:13:23.490 --> 00:13:30.470 Thank you. So, I'm here solo today, but I really should 00:13:30.470 --> 00:13:36.190 be sharing the floor with our team- since we are very highly collaborative. 00:13:36.190 --> 00:13:41.130 We're led by Dr. Jan Newton and myself in this project; 00:13:41.130 --> 00:13:47.389 and our team includes staff and community members from the Four Coastal Treaty Tribes 00:13:47.389 --> 00:13:53.720 as well as the Sanctuary, the Park, the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, and government 00:13:53.720 --> 00:14:00.751 and university scientists and outreach staff. Most, but not all are pictured here. I want 00:14:00.751 --> 00:14:07.200 to give a shout out to Meg Chadsey, who put together this “family photo wall” of collaborators. 00:14:07.200 --> 00:14:17.490 As you might imagine, our work is very transdisciplinary. And I present here the approach we use. First, 00:14:17.490 --> 00:14:24.579 it's rooted in place and considers the interconnected social and ecological systems, beginning within 00:14:24.579 --> 00:14:28.439 the scope of the local environment and priority needs. 00:14:28.439 --> 00:14:32.850 And it's iterative - building and growing as we go along. 00:14:32.850 --> 00:14:38.300 We bring together social science. Those are the steps in blue, which I will say more about 00:14:38.300 --> 00:14:44.160 today. Also, oceanography (steps in orange) and all 00:14:44.160 --> 00:14:49.850 working together towards Participatory Action, which are the steps in green. 00:14:49.850 --> 00:14:57.569 Our guiding principles are communicated in the outermost ring and informs all of our objectives 00:14:57.569 --> 00:15:03.170 based on a commitment to respect and meaningful engagement. 00:15:03.170 --> 00:15:11.220 So, in addition to its biological diversity and high productivity, we know the marine 00:15:11.220 --> 00:15:18.320 ecosystem of the Olympic Coast is naturally predisposed to corrosive conditions, linked 00:15:18.320 --> 00:15:24.800 to natural processes and seasonal upwelling, which would have existed to some extent prior 00:15:24.800 --> 00:15:30.040 to the industrial era. The chemistry of the Olympic Coast waters 00:15:30.040 --> 00:15:38.360 (pH, oxygen, calcium aragonite and such) is among the most seasonally variable of the 00:15:38.360 --> 00:15:42.990 global ocean. We have a growing breadth of oceanographic 00:15:42.990 --> 00:15:47.509 data to help monitor the changes in these patterns. 00:15:47.509 --> 00:15:55.360 Troubling, the acidified conditions, that is the lowering pH, are now more severe due to 00:15:55.360 --> 00:16:02.421 human generated carbon dioxide emissions that have been absorbed into the ocean, a process 00:16:02.421 --> 00:16:09.320 called ocean acidification or sometimes "OA" and these changing conditions are 00:16:09.320 --> 00:16:17.120 increasing the length and timing of exposure of the harsh conditions to marine life 00:16:17.120 --> 00:16:25.999 from about 10% of the time to now more like 30% of the time. Acidification events also 00:16:25.999 --> 00:16:31.459 happen earlier in the year. And they last longer now than they did before. 00:16:31.459 --> 00:16:37.980 They occur more frequently when many sensitive life stages of species that we care about 00:16:37.980 --> 00:16:44.449 are in the water, and they happen alongside other changes in the ocean, such as warming 00:16:44.449 --> 00:16:51.199 seas, low oxygen conditions, harmful algal blooms, and other stressors that have resulted 00:16:51.199 --> 00:16:58.490 in major die offs of shellfish, fish, marine, mammals, and seabirds. 00:16:58.490 --> 00:17:04.819 These have led to closures or delays to the annual crab and razor clam fisheries. 00:17:04.819 --> 00:17:12.010 Similarly, we know that commercial, commercially and ceremonially important, salmon species 00:17:12.010 --> 00:17:18.779 are vulnerable to ocean acidification, as well as low oxygen and temperature stress, 00:17:18.779 --> 00:17:25.630 in addition to changing river flows. So, one way to think about this is that acidification 00:17:25.630 --> 00:17:31.309 can make marine animals, more vulnerable to heat waves, and vice versa. 00:17:31.309 --> 00:17:38.720 Just as asthma can make humans more vulnerable to wildfires and COVID-19. 00:17:38.720 --> 00:17:44.159 And we know that ocean acidification is already having biological effects. 00:17:44.159 --> 00:17:50.779 For example, shelled plankton from the Olympic Coast are thinner than those found in other 00:17:50.779 --> 00:17:57.480 parts of the world's oceans such as the case with pteropods, a pelagic zooplankton, which 00:17:57.480 --> 00:18:02.990 is a type of marine snail found in the oceans of the world that are an important part of 00:18:02.990 --> 00:18:11.440 the food web for fish, whales, and seabirds. And laboratory experiments show us that ocean 00:18:11.440 --> 00:18:17.210 acidification has effects on salmon, making them more susceptible to predators, 00:18:17.210 --> 00:18:24.299 and while experiments on razor clams are difficult to do, tribal elders have noted that shells 00:18:24.299 --> 00:18:28.900 are thinner these days. These marine species play important roles 00:18:28.900 --> 00:18:35.830 in ecological food webs, and they are also directly and indirectly feed, in a holistic 00:18:35.830 --> 00:18:46.720 sense of the word, local coastal communities. The Olympic Coast can best be understood as 00:18:46.720 --> 00:18:53.900 a social-ecological system with interconnections between the ocean and people. And as a social 00:18:53.900 --> 00:18:59.220 scientist, I spend my time trying to understand this relationship and to support the coupled 00:18:59.220 --> 00:19:08.190 health of people and the environment. Using a variety of social science tools, including 00:19:08.190 --> 00:19:14.590 weaving together indigenous knowledge, oral history, and archeological records, as well 00:19:14.590 --> 00:19:19.490 as new ethnographic surveying information produced together with tribal communities 00:19:19.490 --> 00:19:26.020 of the Olympic Coast in this project, we're clarifying the human dimensions of the ocean, 00:19:26.020 --> 00:19:31.559 including the ways that sense of place and the fish, shellfish, plants, birds, and mammals 00:19:31.559 --> 00:19:38.789 are all important to communities. For community fishing, including subsistence 00:19:38.789 --> 00:19:45.650 for traditional and ceremonial foods; all which are practices that ensure the continuation 00:19:45.650 --> 00:19:53.140 of intergenerational knowledge transfer; and strengthen social and community cohesion; 00:19:53.140 --> 00:19:59.700 while bringing many values and benefits, such as supporting local livelihoods and economic 00:19:59.700 --> 00:20:04.580 vitality through commercial fishing, commercial, clam digs, and tourism. 00:20:04.580 --> 00:20:11.130 And a healthy ocean is important for many additional social dimensions, such as its 00:20:11.130 --> 00:20:21.350 role and cultural heritage, and a sense of identity, spiritual values, and unique governance. 00:20:21.350 --> 00:20:27.780 This more comprehensive view of the local social-ecological system can reveal how exposure 00:20:27.780 --> 00:20:34.880 to ocean changes, like the ones we just discussed, impact communities in unique ways, by virtue 00:20:34.880 --> 00:20:41.850 of both their cultural ties to sensitive ocean species, as well as underlying socioeconomic 00:20:41.850 --> 00:20:49.010 conditions that may create disparities such as / that some individuals and communities 00:20:49.010 --> 00:20:56.529 are more vulnerable than others, or some have access to services and capacity not available 00:20:56.529 --> 00:21:01.700 to everyone. This helps us better understand equity and 00:21:01.700 --> 00:21:07.590 environmental justice by looking at the structural conditions in the region and the distribution 00:21:07.590 --> 00:21:14.399 of resources, services, and hazards. In this research activity, we synthesized 00:21:14.399 --> 00:21:20.870 existing socioeconomic data (drawn from the U.S. Census, state public health records, 00:21:20.870 --> 00:21:28.159 and the like). We focused on those indicators that local decision-makers and planners told 00:21:28.159 --> 00:21:33.950 us through surveys would be their priority information needs. And then we assessed these 00:21:33.950 --> 00:21:41.820 changes over time and across space from community, to regional, to state level aggregations. 00:21:41.820 --> 00:21:47.520 I want to give a shout out to my colleague, Mel Schutten, who led this component. 00:21:47.520 --> 00:21:57.549 So, take these two domains as examples. Looking at both food security and education, 00:21:57.549 --> 00:22:04.809 we can see differences in the conditions across social groups and geographic units, like tribal 00:22:04.809 --> 00:22:12.720 areas, county, region, and state. This analysis reveals that vulnerability and 00:22:12.720 --> 00:22:20.780 adaptive capacity are uneven, where some communities, particularly those most dependent on the ocean, 00:22:20.780 --> 00:22:27.120 face greater risks than others. This deeper understanding of the complexity 00:22:27.120 --> 00:22:33.669 of the ties and varied capacities among coastal communities, enables us to better anticipate 00:22:33.669 --> 00:22:40.351 the human risks from biological changes, and to target better tailored responses so that 00:22:40.351 --> 00:22:46.919 communities have greater capacity to cope and adapt. 00:22:46.919 --> 00:22:54.309 Using participatory tools, we've also identified aspects of health most relevant to local communities. 00:22:54.309 --> 00:23:01.409 Drawing from interview results, we've been able to inform indigenous definitions of health 00:23:01.409 --> 00:23:05.919 and well-being. This is a methodology developed by Dr Jamie 00:23:05.919 --> 00:23:12.400 Donatuto and Elder Larry Campbell of the Swinomish Tribe, with whom I've worked for 00:23:12.400 --> 00:23:16.310 many years. And we piloted these Indigenous Health Indicator 00:23:16.310 --> 00:23:21.399 tools in a Puget Sound assessment of ocean acidification. 00:23:21.399 --> 00:23:26.700 For the work on the Olympic Coast, tribal communities identified eight components of 00:23:26.700 --> 00:23:32.690 how local people consider what it means to be healthy and well. 00:23:32.690 --> 00:23:39.510 The quote on the screen from one of the tribal participants in our interviews, captures the 00:23:39.510 --> 00:23:47.289 holistic perspectives of indigenous health. Quote, “health is all encompassing in a 00:23:47.289 --> 00:23:50.960 balanced way with all these different things that comprise 00:23:50.960 --> 00:23:58.980 our human existence -mind, body, soul, spirit. That's how our [tribal] worldview would define 00:23:58.980 --> 00:24:02.480 it… We're a place-based people. The health of 00:24:02.480 --> 00:24:06.370 our land and our people that are connected to it, 00:24:06.370 --> 00:24:14.940 those things go hand in hand.” From this indigenous well-being framework, 00:24:14.940 --> 00:24:20.910 we can assess risks in people's own terms. This helps us get right to the heart of what 00:24:20.910 --> 00:24:27.090 matters most, and where best to put attention when planning for adaptation and resilience. 00:24:27.090 --> 00:24:33.019 So, working within this framework, we surveyed participants in workshops to determine the 00:24:33.019 --> 00:24:39.160 expected impacts from ocean change to each dimension of well-being. 00:24:39.160 --> 00:24:44.770 And displayed here on the screen are results from two communities. Now, you don't need 00:24:44.770 --> 00:24:52.070 to take in all of the information in the table. What's useful to note is that: First, the 00:24:52.070 --> 00:24:57.649 status of some well-being dimensions is expected to decline more than others. 00:24:57.649 --> 00:25:03.080 For example, cultural practices and physical health are the dimensions most sensitive to 00:25:03.080 --> 00:25:10.269 ocean change, followed by community connections. Whereas, some dimensions, such as knowledge 00:25:10.269 --> 00:25:16.049 transfer and self-determination, may be more resilient. 00:25:16.049 --> 00:25:23.490 Second, impacts are not uniform across communities, which may reflect varied dependence on marine 00:25:23.490 --> 00:25:32.090 resources, as well as existing community strengths. This reinforces the value of place-based research. 00:25:32.090 --> 00:25:38.830 And third, understanding the sensitivity of different well-being dimensions to ocean change 00:25:38.830 --> 00:25:43.940 can help to focus priority responses, planning, and investments. 00:25:43.940 --> 00:25:50.330 So, one noteworthy outcome of this project is the identification of community-prioritized 00:25:50.330 --> 00:25:58.070 resilience actions to prepare for ocean change. From dozens of viable solutions identified 00:25:58.070 --> 00:26:05.450 by over 70 community participants, two to mention are: investing and culturally appropriate 00:26:05.450 --> 00:26:13.649 science, technology, engineering, arts, and math education, "STEM" or “STEAM” for the 00:26:13.649 --> 00:26:21.049 tribal kids who are the future leaders as well as increasing community access to 00:26:21.049 --> 00:26:26.760 diverse traditional foods through community foods' programs. 00:26:26.760 --> 00:26:33.120 An example of current activities includes informal, ocean education supported by the 00:26:33.120 --> 00:26:38.620 sanctuary and partners, through a creative suite of activities, some of which have been 00:26:38.620 --> 00:26:44.330 implemented with tribes, and others that are in design stages, driven by indigenous 00:26:44.330 --> 00:26:50.419 knowledge systems of the ocean using traditional observation and practices. 00:26:50.419 --> 00:26:56.030 A second example is the Makah First Foods Sovereignty program, a community vision that 00:26:56.030 --> 00:27:02.230 was catalyzed/ crystalized during our participatory workshops. In this project, the Tribe is expanding 00:27:02.230 --> 00:27:07.720 and reactivating their cultural methods for harvesting and preparing traditional foods, 00:27:07.720 --> 00:27:13.529 such as preserved clams and smoking fish. We've also created a Seafood Preservation 00:27:13.529 --> 00:27:20.720 Toolkit that helps to build household-scale capacity to process, store, and distribute 00:27:20.720 --> 00:27:26.230 traditional subsistence foods to seniors and other community members. 00:27:26.230 --> 00:27:32.299 And this kind of action not only makes use of the diverse foods from the ocean, but importantly, 00:27:32.299 --> 00:27:38.559 is a way to share knowledge and language across generations, supporting opportunities for 00:27:38.559 --> 00:27:44.320 community connections and continuing local observations of environmental changes among 00:27:44.320 --> 00:27:51.030 a host of other social benefits. So, why is it important to focus on resilience 00:27:51.030 --> 00:27:56.419 actions when talking about climate vulnerability and ocean change? 00:27:56.419 --> 00:28:01.840 We covered information related to the ways that changes in the oceans affect human well-being 00:28:01.840 --> 00:28:06.850 and create risks to human health. We also considered how change doesn't happen 00:28:06.850 --> 00:28:13.080 in a vacuum, but as part of a system, with multiple sources of stressors, both environmental 00:28:13.080 --> 00:28:18.080 and social, and cascading effects creating ever more challenges. 00:28:18.080 --> 00:28:27.019 However, by focusing on strengths, assets, and resilience, we are empowered with hope 00:28:27.019 --> 00:28:33.220 for taking actions to respond and remain strong and healthy in the face of change. This isn't 00:28:33.220 --> 00:28:39.700 just a “Pollyanna cult of optimism”, but it's a historically grounded understanding 00:28:39.700 --> 00:28:46.580 of human resilience, and in particular, indigenous peoples’ persistence, adaptiveness, and 00:28:46.580 --> 00:28:50.299 ingenuity. Indigenous people have lived interconnected 00:28:50.299 --> 00:28:54.279 with these coastal ecosystems for more than 10,000 years, 00:28:54.279 --> 00:29:00.470 during which time, they have monitored and studied the changing environment, which includes 00:29:00.470 --> 00:29:07.409 retreating ice sheets, changes to the sea levels, and shifting shorelines. 00:29:07.409 --> 00:29:14.080 And so, over these millennia, tribes have adapted new ocean technologies as these conditions 00:29:14.080 --> 00:29:20.429 have changed, and they've stewarded resources with a long-term perspective of sustainability- 00:29:20.429 --> 00:29:27.740 as they often say, “for the next seven generations.” Indigenous communities have also endured multiple 00:29:27.740 --> 00:29:34.780 threats to their well-being over the past 170 or so years, not just through the losses 00:29:34.780 --> 00:29:42.059 in the oceans, but, importantly, to their cultural ways of life through colonialists 00:29:42.059 --> 00:29:51.200 impacts and government assimilation policies. Yet, still, they remain strong and self-determined. 00:29:51.200 --> 00:29:58.779 Their songs, dances, languages, and canoe journeys are evidence of this resilience; 00:29:58.779 --> 00:30:03.860 and they offer the promise of leadership through current and future crises. 00:30:03.860 --> 00:30:12.110 So, focusing on strengths and assets can help amplify and bolster community resilience for 00:30:12.110 --> 00:30:17.880 us all. As we begin to wrap up, I wanted to think 00:30:17.880 --> 00:30:22.640 together about what actions you can take and what you can do. 00:30:22.640 --> 00:30:30.389 And so, thinking about that: First, it's important to recognize this, that knowledge is power, 00:30:30.389 --> 00:30:35.909 and begin by trying to better understand the people and environments associated with your 00:30:35.909 --> 00:30:41.970 regional coasts and oceans; Learn about the treaties and history of the 00:30:41.970 --> 00:30:47.080 First People in your area, and the lands, and waters they steward today, or stewarded 00:30:47.080 --> 00:30:53.039 in the past. Seek to better understand root causes of vulnerability- 00:30:53.039 --> 00:30:58.860 social and environmental ones; and consider the collective possibility of 00:30:58.860 --> 00:31:05.049 small acts, as well as community organized steps that you can take to address causes 00:31:05.049 --> 00:31:10.130 of climate vulnerability- whether it's lowering your own carbon footprint 00:31:10.130 --> 00:31:16.730 or participating in community resilience actions, like food access projects. 00:31:16.730 --> 00:31:24.950 For many additional ideas, see the International Alliance for Ocean Acidification Action Plan 00:31:24.950 --> 00:31:29.289 and resource guide (https://www.oaalliance.org/action-plans) that's in your information packet, 00:31:29.289 --> 00:31:35.929 you can download. So, some final take home messages to leave 00:31:35.929 --> 00:31:40.290 you with: First, vulnerability to ocean change isn't 00:31:40.290 --> 00:31:45.760 confined to the sea, but it also impacts people in ways that go beyond immediate economic 00:31:45.760 --> 00:31:53.090 impacts to include health and well-being. These impacts vary, and some people face unique 00:31:53.090 --> 00:31:57.080 concerns. So, examining patterns and unique sensitivities 00:31:57.080 --> 00:32:05.370 at various scales can reveal hotspots of impact and equity in this social-ecological vulnerability, 00:32:05.370 --> 00:32:13.690 but they also reveal refugia which may help direct areas for future monitoring and interventions. 00:32:13.690 --> 00:32:21.970 Cumulative stressors, both ecological and social, exacerbate vulnerabilities and thus 00:32:21.970 --> 00:32:29.250 require integration of multiple ways of knowing, including oceanographic and ecological understanding 00:32:29.250 --> 00:32:36.260 with social sciences and indigenous knowledge in order to better prepare and adapt. 00:32:36.260 --> 00:32:42.340 And there is great hope in community resilience based on local and indigenous wisdom, and 00:32:42.340 --> 00:32:50.279 we have this opportunity to invest in diverse resilient strategies rooted in local priorities. 00:32:50.279 --> 00:32:56.419 This calls us to build and maintain meaningful and respectful partnerships with communities 00:32:56.419 --> 00:33:05.149 and local stewards to amplify effective solutions. To learn more about our project, check out 00:33:05.149 --> 00:33:11.130 the video we put together. A link to this and other resources are in 00:33:11.130 --> 00:33:17.149 your supplemental packet that you can get from joining today. 00:33:17.149 --> 00:33:22.759 So, there are many people and entities who have contributed to this product over the 00:33:22.759 --> 00:33:28.789 project over the past five years. And my sincere thanks go to them. 00:33:28.789 --> 00:33:34.370 And, I also want to thank you for listening in today. 00:33:34.370 --> 00:33:40.830 Here's my contact information (Melissa Poe, mpoe@uw.edu) and I believe we do have some time for questions and discussion. 00:33:40.830 --> 00:33:43.220 Thank you. 00:33:43.220 --> 00:33:46.330 [Chris Butler-Minor] Yes. 00:33:46.330 --> 00:33:53.269 We actually do. Thank you, Melissa. Thanks for sharing this important information: 00:33:53.269 --> 00:33:57.470 for the ideas that you've offered and also the resources. 00:33:57.470 --> 00:34:05.490 Like Melissa said, there is section of your control panel that's called handouts. If you 00:34:05.490 --> 00:34:11.429 download the PDF, all the resources she's referenced in her talk are available to you, 00:34:11.429 --> 00:34:17.639 so I hope you'll do that. And also, to say thank you for joining the webinar. 00:34:17.639 --> 00:34:26.290 so, what we’ll do, Melissa is (excuse me, and I have a little bit of cold), Rachele 00:34:26.290 --> 00:34:30.399 and I will take turns asking you questions that have been put into the chat box, since 00:34:30.399 --> 00:34:34.020 we don't have the ability to let everybody unmute themselves. 00:34:34.020 --> 00:34:38.300 So, Rachele, would you like to start off with a question? 00:34:38.300 --> 00:34:46.520 I will try clearing my throat. [Rachele Brown] Yes, I can do that. 00:34:46.520 --> 00:34:56.790 So, the first question is from Jonathan. In your experience, how have federal and state 00:34:56.790 --> 00:35:04.160 governing agencies reacted to issues of sharing / transferring decision-making powers and land 00:35:04.160 --> 00:35:07.830 title to native communities in order to achieve self-determination? 00:35:07.830 --> 00:35:22.620 [Melissa Poe] Thank you, Jonathan. That is a very important question. 00:35:22.620 --> 00:35:30.310 Well, I'm going to do my best to answer that respectfully and, honestly. 00:35:30.310 --> 00:35:37.520 You ask how, what, what kind of a job they've done in transferring that power and title. 00:35:37.520 --> 00:35:49.890 So, in the United States context, there's a varied history and some of it is a sad and 00:35:49.890 --> 00:35:58.010 troubled history of/ with broken promises. And, but some of it is also an important part 00:35:58.010 --> 00:36:04.619 of our history in the north-west region and in Washington state that we also celebrate 00:36:04.619 --> 00:36:11.050 and uplift. There, today, we're talking a little bit more specifically 00:36:11.050 --> 00:36:17.500 about natural resource natural resources, particularly the ocean and marine resources. 00:36:17.500 --> 00:36:28.240 But, there are also all kinds of legal issues within the whole context of self-determination 00:36:28.240 --> 00:36:36.410 for indigenous communities in the United States history and Indian law. And there's no way 00:36:36.410 --> 00:36:41.849 I can cover all that for all places with all the history 00:36:41.849 --> 00:36:49.680 in my brief remarks. And so I do encourage you to continue exploring this question because 00:36:49.680 --> 00:36:56.560 it is essential in having a greater understanding of what our histories together are and the 00:36:56.560 --> 00:37:04.290 important path for reconciliation. And so, I would like to give you one example 00:37:04.290 --> 00:37:13.480 relative to marine resources. And, and so the, in the Olympic Coast area, 00:37:13.480 --> 00:37:18.829 because that's where we're talking about today, we have referenced the Four Coastal Treaty 00:37:18.829 --> 00:37:26.900 Tribes and the Coastal Treaty Tribes. I don't speak on behalf of any of them. They are collaborators 00:37:26.900 --> 00:37:35.060 and partners in the project with us. When we say The Treaty Tribes, that means 00:37:35.060 --> 00:37:43.310 they have treaty, which is the highest law of the land in the United States Constitution, 00:37:43.310 --> 00:37:50.600 which flows rights from tribes to the United States as recognized in treaties. 00:37:50.600 --> 00:37:59.040 These treaties were signed in the mid 1850s. And so, a while back. In the Olympic Coast, 00:37:59.040 --> 00:38:05.430 we have the Treaty of Olympia and we have the Treaty of Neah Bay. 00:38:05.430 --> 00:38:09.310 And those are the two key treaties covering the region. 00:38:09.310 --> 00:38:18.310 The while many decades passed and promises made in the treaties were not always kept. 00:38:18.310 --> 00:38:23.900 There were legal, there were lawsuits upheld in the United States 00:38:23.900 --> 00:38:30.069 Supreme Court. United States versus the State of Washington, 00:38:30.069 --> 00:38:37.800 is one more well-known lawsuit, also known as the Judge Bolt Decision. 00:38:37.800 --> 00:38:46.990 And I bring this up because it was in 1974, through this legal decision that the treaties 00:38:46.990 --> 00:38:55.050 that were signed and entered in the 1850s, 1855, '54, '55, around then - 00:38:55.050 --> 00:39:08.589 sometimes, these are called the Stevens Treaty's, they, the 1974 Judge Bolt decision, recognized 00:39:08.589 --> 00:39:16.030 that the treaties reserve, that the tribes reserved for themselves the right to all of 00:39:16.030 --> 00:39:23.510 the resources in their usual and accustomed hunting and fishing grounds. 00:39:23.510 --> 00:39:31.000 And what this effectively has resulted in is a co-management of the marine resources 00:39:31.000 --> 00:39:36.711 of the Olympic Coast. And many other tribes in Washington State 00:39:36.711 --> 00:39:42.681 who have similar treaties are part of our also co-managers. And so, the Four coastal 00:39:42.681 --> 00:39:48.730 Treaty Tribes of the Olympic Coast and another 25 tribes in Washington State 00:39:48.730 --> 00:39:58.569 are part of the NorthWest Indian Fisheries Commission, and each are represented and negotiate 00:39:58.569 --> 00:40:04.640 and manage together the resources in their usual and accustomed areas. 00:40:04.640 --> 00:40:12.490 So, this is different than transferring power and title, although, self-determination is 00:40:12.490 --> 00:40:20.520 protected through all kinds of bodies of law - from spiritual practice, cultural practice, 00:40:20.520 --> 00:40:28.190 heritage, history, health determination, as well as natural resources. And so, I hope 00:40:28.190 --> 00:40:33.339 I've given you the beginning of an answer. And again, I encourage you and other members 00:40:33.339 --> 00:40:38.270 of our audience, to really dig deeper into this important question. 00:40:38.270 --> 00:40:42.180 Thank you. [Chris Butler-Minor] Thank you, Melissa. We 00:40:42.180 --> 00:40:45.119 have a question from Colin. 00:40:45.119 --> 00:40:51.490 And he asks, last year, there was a conflict in the Faroe Islands between traditional hunting 00:40:51.490 --> 00:40:55.359 of dolphins and western ideology of conservation. 00:40:55.359 --> 00:41:03.240 Are there any examples in your area between traditional and modern values, where the traditional 00:41:03.240 --> 00:41:12.760 values are less conservative? 00:41:12.760 --> 00:41:17.430 [Melissa Poe] When you say less Conservative, can you clarify? Because it's a written question 00:41:17.430 --> 00:41:25.280 I'm interpreting that to mean, are not sharing the same conservation objectives. 00:41:25.280 --> 00:41:30.890 Chris. Do you think that's the intent of the question? 00:41:30.890 --> 00:41:40.530 Anyways, I'm not sure I fully understand the question. 00:41:40.530 --> 00:41:45.080 [Chris Butler-Minor] Yeah I think so. He says yes, OK, yeah. 00:41:45.080 --> 00:41:51.079 [Melissa Poe] OK, so, I want to first start by a caveat 00:41:51.079 --> 00:42:02.349 that conservation goals are values based, and those values are culturally rooted whether 00:42:02.349 --> 00:42:10.410 your culture is from a Western trained science or if your culture is from a traditional hunting 00:42:10.410 --> 00:42:16.599 perspective. The management of resources, the conservation 00:42:16.599 --> 00:42:23.770 of resources, are both goals and how you do conservation may look different in place to 00:42:23.770 --> 00:42:26.970 place. You know, one example is, a hands off, 00:42:26.970 --> 00:42:33.580 No Take Zone is one form of conservation or a sustainable harvested area is another form 00:42:33.580 --> 00:42:38.329 of conservation. I needed to create that caveat before I could 00:42:38.329 --> 00:42:43.220 answer. Embedded in my response, though Colin, is 00:42:43.220 --> 00:42:50.339 the recognition that there is conflict in values around what it means to conserve, to 00:42:50.339 --> 00:42:56.930 use, to manage resources. And so, the short answer is yes, similar to Faroe Islands 00:42:56.930 --> 00:43:05.470 and your example of dolphins and conservation and hunting, there are values conservation 00:43:05.470 --> 00:43:16.190 in the Olympic Coast region. We've had some conflicts that have emerged 00:43:16.190 --> 00:43:27.270 as the Makah Tribe began to exercise its treaty reserved rights to hunt a gray whale. 00:43:27.270 --> 00:43:35.520 Gray whales are animals that are traditionally important, they are spiritual guides to the 00:43:35.520 --> 00:43:41.720 Makah Tribe. And their numbers had recovered in coastal waters. And the Makah 00:43:41.720 --> 00:43:52.200 were permitted through special arrangements with the NOAA managers to take a whale. 00:43:52.200 --> 00:44:03.000 And there weren't there are well, documented histories of the kinds of conflicts based 00:44:03.000 --> 00:44:12.740 in the values around conserving whales, hunting whales, and how to manage whales. 00:44:12.740 --> 00:44:21.000 And so that resulted in some on the ground conflicts. This one, you know, a case that took 00:44:21.000 --> 00:44:27.350 place you know, was the late nineties, I believe. 00:44:27.350 --> 00:44:34.460 And you can find some of that information. And that's, that's probably a pretty close 00:44:34.460 --> 00:44:41.890 example to the one you gave, but there are also all kinds of other examples about environmental 00:44:41.890 --> 00:44:51.240 conflicts and different environmental values and also in the Washington region, but 00:44:51.240 --> 00:44:56.940 not, specifically the Olympic Coast. In Puget Sound 00:44:56.940 --> 00:45:07.740 there have been conflicts related to managing salmon and the some of the land owners who 00:45:07.740 --> 00:45:15.070 are communities of European heritage who have settled 00:45:15.070 --> 00:45:25.079 in the area and have farmed in the area. There have been some conflicts between farmers, 00:45:25.079 --> 00:45:31.869 fishers, tribal fishing rights, and conservation, salmon conservation groups. 00:45:31.869 --> 00:45:39.569 So, this, you know, is something, I think that, does play out 00:45:39.569 --> 00:45:47.460 but, I think, increasingly there is a greater understanding and respect for the coupled 00:45:47.460 --> 00:45:54.300 nature of social-ecological systems that people are part of the environment, and that we also 00:45:54.300 --> 00:46:05.589 have examples that are, and we have lots of documentation from both a western scientific 00:46:05.589 --> 00:46:12.500 perspective and also environmental indigenous observations, that have shown the kinds of 00:46:12.500 --> 00:46:21.880 practices that harvesting and cultivating and tending environments have yielded biologically 00:46:21.880 --> 00:46:27.760 diverse marine and coastal ecosystems. And so, that increased and greater awareness, 00:46:27.760 --> 00:46:33.780 I think, is helping to reduce values conflict in marine conservation. 00:46:33.780 --> 00:46:40.630 [Melissa Poe] So, thank you. [Rachele Brown] Thank you. 00:46:40.630 --> 00:46:47.569 Another question we have is from Kara. I hope I'm saying that correctly. 00:46:47.569 --> 00:46:54.700 What are some ways to some support indigenous food programs, locally, in our region, both 00:46:54.700 --> 00:47:10.180 land and sea? [Melissa Poe] Hi. Thank you. 00:47:10.180 --> 00:47:15.000 I would say, you know, fundamentally, one 00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:24.880 way is to say two key fundamental responses. And one is to also be a champion of treaty 00:47:24.880 --> 00:47:31.430 rights because indigenous food systems are also supported by strong treaty rights. 00:47:31.430 --> 00:47:39.400 And so, to the extent that you know and understand, support, and advocate treaty rights, that is 00:47:39.400 --> 00:47:44.520 a mechanism for securing the support for indigenous food systems. 00:47:44.520 --> 00:47:58.210 I think a second really important and fundamental, a way that you can be a supporter is by 00:47:58.210 --> 00:48:02.450 working to ensure environmental health and quality. 00:48:02.450 --> 00:48:15.630 So, you know - abundant resources: this includes habitat protection, increased urbanization, 00:48:15.630 --> 00:48:18.339 the loss of healthy streams, 00:48:18.339 --> 00:48:25.589 the habitat changes, including climate impacts to habitats are all threats to indigenous 00:48:25.589 --> 00:48:29.700 food sovereignty. And there's a good document provided by the 00:48:29.700 --> 00:48:37.690 Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission which explores treaty rights at risk. And at the 00:48:37.690 --> 00:48:43.349 at the core, these treaty-protected resources that are 00:48:43.349 --> 00:48:51.150 that are the resources in the usual and accustomed fishing and harvesting and hunting areas are 00:48:51.150 --> 00:49:00.180 harvesting for foods: foods, as well as cultural and spiritual uses, and relationships for caretaking 00:49:00.180 --> 00:49:04.570 those. And so healthy habitats and environments and 00:49:04.570 --> 00:49:11.119 supporting treaty rights are two key ways that you can be involved. And then, in your 00:49:11.119 --> 00:49:17.520 local area, wherever you are, there, may be very specific ways you can get involved. 00:49:17.520 --> 00:49:24.720 And it's important to build your relationships with local tribes, and follow their guidance 00:49:24.720 --> 00:49:28.400 in and how they would like to invite your involvement. 00:49:28.400 --> 00:49:35.569 Thank you. [Chris Butler-Minor] OK, so we have a question 00:49:35.569 --> 00:49:38.780 from Tom. Can you say more about the measurements of 00:49:38.780 --> 00:49:46.560 the several dimensions of vulnerability, for example, how you calculated the 42%, 7%, et 00:49:46.560 --> 00:49:53.400 cetera? [Melissa Poe] Hi, Tom, thanks for being interested 00:49:53.400 --> 00:50:01.270 in the wonkiness. OK, so I'm gonna send up, spend a moment and think here with you. 00:50:01.270 --> 00:50:11.849 And so those percentages, we were evaluating percent change, where we used digital polling 00:50:11.849 --> 00:50:19.579 devices with participants in our workshop, who in, each individual, scored on a Likert 00:50:19.579 --> 00:50:29.930 Scale from, let's say it was 5 to 1, where five is very, where very healthy, and one 00:50:29.930 --> 00:50:37.390 would be not very healthy. We asked people to score each of the well-being conditions 00:50:37.390 --> 00:50:42.820 as they are today. And so, we, we have a baseline for each one. 00:50:42.820 --> 00:50:50.549 And we aggregated the responses from all of our responses, all of the respondents. 00:50:50.549 --> 00:51:00.680 And then we shared anticipated information about ocean acidification and ocean changes. 00:51:00.680 --> 00:51:06.920 And we asked participants to score again, on that same scale for each of those same 00:51:06.920 --> 00:51:13.940 well-being indicators, how they anticipated the impact to that well-being indicator would 00:51:13.940 --> 00:51:22.480 be in two generations, so thinking about their grandchildren or 50 years into the future, 00:51:22.480 --> 00:51:24.320 more or less. 00:51:24.320 --> 00:51:32.000 And so, we calculated the difference between the conditions as they are today and the 00:51:32.000 --> 00:51:39.280 anticipated future conditions. And that difference was the percentage that we included in that 00:51:39.280 --> 00:51:45.569 table. And so, then the color scheme: 00:51:45.569 --> 00:51:56.650 and there is also a representation of how / whether or not those conditions are 00:51:56.650 --> 00:52:06.010 considered healthy today or less healthy today. So, so we're looking at percent change and 00:52:06.010 --> 00:52:13.510 we're also looking at where they are in their health rankings for today - health 00:52:13.510 --> 00:52:19.059 rating for today. So hopefully that gives you enough information. 00:52:19.059 --> 00:52:26.569 If you want more details, please reach out to me by e-mail, and I can give you some additional 00:52:26.569 --> 00:52:34.369 calculation information. [Rachele Brown] Thank you. 00:52:34.369 --> 00:52:40.130 Chris, do we have time for one last question? [Chris Butler-Minor] Yes, let's have one last question. 00:52:40.130 --> 00:52:43.970 [Rachele Brown] Alright. This question comes from Mike. 00:52:43.970 --> 00:52:52.260 Please give a few more examples of local resilience actions, like the Household First Food Enablement 00:52:52.260 --> 00:52:56.500 Program you mentioned under STEAM education and First Fruits - 00:52:56.500 --> 00:53:01.740 Foods. [Melissa Poe] Thank you, Mike. 00:53:01.740 --> 00:53:11.270 So, another example is the Canoe Journey. And Canoe Journey has been identified as a 00:53:11.270 --> 00:53:23.240 resilience action in part because this is a revitalized historic traditional expedition 00:53:23.240 --> 00:53:34.420 that each tribal government, each tribal community and tribal nation, is in the north-west region 00:53:34.420 --> 00:53:41.200 including California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska, and also some 00:53:41.200 --> 00:53:47.490 Polynesian Voyaging communities have participated in for the last 00:53:47.490 --> 00:53:53.609 couple of decades. And one of the things that has happened as 00:53:53.609 --> 00:54:02.580 a resilience action is that it is a time, a period of clean living, where tribes are: 00:54:02.580 --> 00:54:11.819 reconnecting with their cultural practices, reconnecting with other tribal families, and 00:54:11.819 --> 00:54:19.390 communities in the whole region, coming together to restore and revitalize some of the traditional 00:54:19.390 --> 00:54:23.819 songs and dances and share them from community to community. 00:54:23.819 --> 00:54:34.440 And so, as a result, the network of relationships from tribe to tribe the inter intertribal 00:54:34.440 --> 00:54:39.770 relationships has continued to strengthen and renew. These networks have always been 00:54:39.770 --> 00:54:45.609 there: they are families that, that are part of, you know, from community to community. 00:54:45.609 --> 00:54:50.920 But also, they've been important trade networks. And so, imagine, for example, in one area 00:54:50.920 --> 00:54:58.660 you may - a community is rich and abundant in clams and in another area there's a healthy 00:54:58.660 --> 00:55:03.829 run of salmon. And then another area there's really good 00:55:03.829 --> 00:55:10.359 access to halibut fishing grounds. And so, these trade networks ensure the possibility 00:55:10.359 --> 00:55:17.569 that communities that may need resources that don't grow or aren't growing as abundantly 00:55:17.569 --> 00:55:25.869 in their current, in their area today can do trade as they always have traded historically 00:55:25.869 --> 00:55:30.990 in this regional context. And so that's one example. 00:55:30.990 --> 00:55:35.880 That's not even to mention all the ways in which canoe journeys, 00:55:35.880 --> 00:55:46.839 Tribal Canoe Journeys, also are part of a spiritual practice - and a mental and emotional well-being 00:55:46.839 --> 00:55:55.710 for the individuals and communities who participate. So, so that's a really important part of resilience. 00:55:55.710 --> 00:56:02.339 And that's an example. And I would say a second example, is in the 00:56:02.339 --> 00:56:12.470 context of ocean, informal ocean education. There are examples in British Columbia, that 00:56:12.470 --> 00:56:21.480 are also attractive to tribes of the Olympic Coast such as the Ocean Guardian's 00:56:21.480 --> 00:56:29.310 the First Guardian's programs. And these traditional guardians are looking 00:56:29.310 --> 00:56:33.910 after the resources. There are individuals who hold responsibilities: 00:56:33.910 --> 00:56:43.339 elders or people in the community who've been appointed to hold this responsibility; 00:56:43.339 --> 00:56:51.940 to observe the activities in the water; to look after the changes; and to be present 00:56:51.940 --> 00:57:00.380 in a role as a guardian for upholding the responsibilities of stewardship and relationships 00:57:00.380 --> 00:57:04.380 to the ocean. And so, this is an example that could also 00:57:04.380 --> 00:57:10.180 potentially be part of the resilience action in the Olympic Coast. 00:57:10.180 --> 00:57:17.720 So, imagine, for example participating where tribal youth or tribal elders are also part 00:57:17.720 --> 00:57:24.319 of some of the research activities sponsored by the Sanctuary or the National Park, or 00:57:24.319 --> 00:57:31.380 some of the university partners. And by having a guardian on board or present 00:57:31.380 --> 00:57:42.710 in these activities such as the expedition - the E/V Nautilus, or other research vessels, 00:57:42.710 --> 00:57:48.920 there is an observer. There's also a person with roots to the local 00:57:48.920 --> 00:58:00.300 tribal community who can be present to provide the context for changes in the marine ecosystem, 00:58:00.300 --> 00:58:05.940 and why these changes are important to local communities. 00:58:05.940 --> 00:58:10.150 There are lots of other benefits of a guardian type of program, but I just wanted to highlight 00:58:10.150 --> 00:58:17.901 a few and hopefully, that gives you an idea of some of the other resilient sections that 00:58:17.901 --> 00:58:26.059 are possible. [Chris Butler-Minor] Great. Thank you, Melissa, 00:58:26.059 --> 00:58:30.480 Really appreciate you taking the time to answer those questions. We answered, most of them, 00:58:30.480 --> 00:58:32.980 but there's a couple that are outstanding that we'll send on to you. 00:58:32.980 --> 00:58:39.260 Hopefully, you'll have a chance to give us some responses, like you did for the ones that 00:58:39.260 --> 00:58:44.890 you answered on the recording. And just to all the rest of you that are left, 00:58:44.890 --> 00:58:47.940 again, thank you so much for joining us. 00:58:47.940 --> 00:58:54.460 You will be receiving, a Certificate of Attendance, gives you evidence of one contact hour of 00:58:54.460 --> 00:58:58.150 professional development. We hope that you'll take a quick look in the 00:58:58.150 --> 00:59:07.839 chat for that URL to where this recording will be available in about three weeks and a half weeks, after it's 00:59:07.839 --> 00:59:13.569 closed caption, and that sort of thing. Then, again, just a quick reminder to please 00:59:13.569 --> 00:59:19.200 take the survey: Give us some feedback, so that we can continue to give you awesome programming, 00:59:19.200 --> 00:59:25.859 like Dr. Poe. And with that, we'll ask you to join us the 00:59:25.859 --> 00:59:34.150 next time. We are working on setting up a Shellfish Discussion panel for mid-May, but more to 00:59:34.150 --> 00:59:39.090 come on that, and thanks again. [Melissa Poe] Thanks for having me. Really 00:59:39.090 --> 00:59:46.060 nice to meet everyone. Take care. [Rachele Brown] Thank you, everyone. 00:59:46.060 --> 00:59:50.290 00:59:50.290 --> 00:59:53.359