WEBVTT
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Good evening.
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We're pleased to have you join us for our annual
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Seaside Chat Speaker Series about ocean topics
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associated with Flower Garden Banks,
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National Marine Sanctuary, and the Gulf of Mexico.
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This year, we are also part of
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the National Marine Sanctuaries Webinar Series,
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hosted by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries,
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as well as the NOAA Science Seminar Series.
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During the presentation,
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all attendees will be in listen-only mode.
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You are welcome to type questions
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for the presenter into the questions box
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in the bottom of the control panel
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on the right-hand side of your screen.
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This is the same area you can let us know
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about any technical issues you may be having.
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We will be monitoring incoming questions
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and technical issues,
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and we'll respond to them as soon as we can.
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We are recording this session,
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and we'll post the recording to
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the National Marine Sanctuaries
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and Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary websites.
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We will notify registered participants
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via email when these recordings are available.
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And for those of you who are educators,
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we have provided an activity handout in the control panel.
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Simply click on this item to download it.
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The Seaside Chat Speaker Series began as a way
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for Flower Garden Bank's National Marine Sanctuary
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to share current research and management efforts
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in the Gulf of Mexico in an informal setting.
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These chats started in 2012 with presentations
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in the gift shop at the Galveston Fishing Pier.
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from one year to the next, we moved around
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the Galveston community hosting presentations
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at Moody Gardens, Texas A&M Galveston,
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Texas Seaport Museum, and Sea Star Base Galveston.
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In 2020, we brought the presentations
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home to our offices at historic Fort Crockett
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just before the world shut down for the pandemic.
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Although we have offered webinar connections
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during our live events for many years,
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it wasn't until 2021 that we went completely virtual
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and joined forces with the National Marine
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Sanctuary Webinar Series.
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In all that time, our Seaside Chats
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only missed one year, 2019,
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which makes this our 10th year of presentations.
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We've chosen to recognize this milestone
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with a new graphic, and we hope you agree with us
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that this comfortable chair by the sea at sunset
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captures the essence of our program.
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Hello, everyone.
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My name is Kelly Drinnen,
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and I'm the Education/Outreach Specialist
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for Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.
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I'll be facilitating today's webinar
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from Dickinson, Texas.
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Also with me today is Leslie Whaylen Clift,
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our Constituency Affairs Coordinator.
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Leslie will be helping me
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with the backend administration of this webinar.
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50 years ago, the United States ushered in
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a new era of ocean conservation
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by creating the National Marine Sanctuary System.
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Since then, we've grown into a nationwide network
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of 15 National Marine Sanctuaries
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and two Marine National Monuments
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that conserve more than 620,000 square miles
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of spectacular ocean and Great Lake waters,
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an area nearly the size of Alaska.
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These marine protected areas are kind of like
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national parks and national forests, but under water.
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In celebration of this 50th anniversary,
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we are running a Save Spectacular campaign
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across the entire sanctuary system,
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a way to remind everyone just how special
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these places really are.
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The National Marine Sanctuaries Act
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gives NOAA the authority to designate
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special areas of the marine environment
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as National Marine Sanctuaries.
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It also mandates that the Office
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of National Marine Sanctuaries conduct research,
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monitoring, resource protection,
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education, outreach, and management
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of America's underwater treasures
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to preserve them for future generations.
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In addition to being places for recreation
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and research, National Marine Sanctuaries
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are also living classrooms where people can see,
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touch, and learn about the nation's Great Lakes
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and ocean treasures.
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This webinar series is just one part
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of that national education and outreach effort.
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Today's Seaside Chat Series is hosted
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by Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary,
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the only National Marine Sanctuary in the Gulf of Mexico.
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This sanctuary consists of 17 banks,
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or small underwater mountains,
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that are home to some of the healthiest coral reefs
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in the world, amazing algal and sponge communities,
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and deep reef habitats featuring
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an abundance of black coral.
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The original sanctuary designation took place
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in January, 1992, meaning that we just celebrated
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our 30th anniversary a few weeks ago.
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As you can see, 2022 is turning out
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to be quite the anniversary year.
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Today's presentation focuses on
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how we can reduce the impacts of climate change
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on fishing in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Climate change threatens all key life support systems
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on our planet, especially our ocean.
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Even with drastic global actions
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to reduce emissions, changes in the ocean
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will grow more profound and accelerate.
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These changes won't just damage special places
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like coral reefs and mangrove forests.
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They will fundamentally alter ocean ecosystems
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and the fisheries within them.
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However, with thoughtful interventions,
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these impacts can be significantly reduced
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and perhaps even reversed.
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Our speaker today will lead an interactive
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discussion to explore the interventions
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necessary for sustainable fisheries
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in a climate-driven Gulf of Mexico.
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Today, we welcome Sepp Haukebo
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to talk about his work with fisheries
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in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Sepp graduated in 2006 with a Bachelor's of Science
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in Marine Biology from Texas A&M Galveston.
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Soon after, he started his graduate studies
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at Texas A&M where he gained field experience
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diving at the Flower Garden Banks,
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tagging blue marlin in the northern Gulf of Mexico,
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and cave diving in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
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After graduating with a Masters of Science
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in Wildlife and Fishery Sciences,
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he traveled to Washington, D.C.
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for Sea Grant's John A. Knauss fellowship.
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There he worked for NOAA's Office of Education.
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Sepp currently works at the global non-profit
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Environmental Defense Fund, working with anglers
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and scientists to develop and implement
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long-term solutions to recreational fisheries management.
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His objectives are to balance
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access to the fishery with sustainability
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for generations to come.
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Sepp is also a recreational fisherman himself.
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Welcome, Sepp.
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Sepp, you can go ahead, and there you go.
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I see you now.
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Thanks, Kelly.
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You're welcome.
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Good evening.
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Do you have screen control?
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I saw a meme about this.
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Yeah, I do.
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I just saw meme about this the other day,
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where people always tend to just stare at the screen
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and say, "Let me, let get my presentation launched."
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(Kelly laughing)
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Let me know when you can see my slide.
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Okay, not just yet.
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There's a little bit of a delay.
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This is Leslie, I'm seeing it, Sepp,
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but I'm not seeing it in the full, there we go.
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Here we go. There now.
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Okay, take it away, Sepp.
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Awesome. Thanks, everyone.
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Well, good evening, everybody.
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My name is Sepp Haukebo.
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Tonight, we'll be talking about
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the Future Fisheries in a Climate-Driven Gulf.
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A quick note on these types of chats.
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I love that our sanctuary hosts the Seaside Chats,
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and I did a little bit of research
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to remind myself
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exactly what it was that brought
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these fireside chats about.
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And they started in 1933 at a time
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when there was a lot of hardship across the country.
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There were a lot of fears.
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There was a lot of uncertainty,
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and the intent of FDR's fireside chats
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was to help address the fears and concerns
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of the people and share information
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on the efforts to tackle the nation's biggest challenges.
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Kelly gave a great overview of kind of how
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these Seaside Chats started.
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And those fireside chats were really
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to give hope, right?
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And I'm no FDR, and the challenges of today
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are very different from those
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of the 1930s and '40s,
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but still my intent for this talk
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is to provide some hope as it relates to our
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fisheries of the Gulf and our Gulf community.
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EDF began in 1967 as a scrappy group of scientists
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and a lawyer on Long Island, New York
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fighting to save osprey from the toxic pesticide DDT.
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Using scientific evidence, our founders
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helped get DDT banned nationwide,
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and today we're one of the world's largest
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environmental organizations,
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and science still guides everything we do.
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We have about 2.5 million members worldwide.
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Now I work in our Oceans program,
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and we work with fishing communities,
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scientists, fishery managers,
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and other decision makers around the world
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to help rebuild the world's fisheries.
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We are driven by science, economics,
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law, and human-centered design.
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Now real quick, little background on me.
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I grew up in a landlocked state,
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but I loved the water and I loved fishing.
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And in high school, I learned that
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Texas A&M Galveston was one of the best
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marine science schools in the country.
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And through A&M, I was exposed to a number of classes
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on marine fisheries, marine biology, and diving.
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And I went from a snorkeler
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to a fully-certified cave diver in two years
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through A&M Galveston, and that included
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opportunities to dive and do research
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on the Flower Garden Banks.
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A&M provides a gateway to a ton
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of opportunities in STEM fields.
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My classmates have gone on to work in academia,
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research, medicine, engineering, and policy.
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And after A&M, I spent some time
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roaming the oceans, then went back
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to get my Master's from A&M and focused
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on underwater caves in the Yucatan of Mexico.
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I also, as Kelly mentioned,
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pursued the Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship
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and have since been with EDF for the last four years
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working on recreational fishery solutions.
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As Kelly also mentioned, I also serve
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on our Sanctuary Advisory Council.
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Here's an action shot on the top right
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of the SAC at work.
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And that's been a great opportunity to stay engaged with
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research and management at the sanctuary.
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So quick outline for today,
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I'm gonna start real broad
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with an overview of what a fishery is
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and how they're managed.
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And then we'll start to get into the meat
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and potatoes of climate ready fisheries.
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I'll take you on a quick tour of some resources
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to let you also do your own research.
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And then I'm gonna wrap up with some take home messages.
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So what is a fishery?
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Well, a fishery includes so many different components,
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but the core pieces are the ecosystem,
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the human communities, and the livelihoods
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tied to an area of ocean where sea creatures are caught,
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and that includes fish, shellfish,
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that could include a number of species.
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And there's three main types of fishing,
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especially as it relates to fisheries.
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There's commercial, which is catching
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and marketing seafood for profit.
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00:12:16.030 --> 00:12:17.560
There's recreational,
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which is fishing for sport or pleasure,
272
00:12:19.470 --> 00:12:21.010
and that includes private anglers,
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the folks that take their own boat out,
274
00:12:22.910 --> 00:12:25.480
as well as charters,
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whether it's party boats or
276
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some of the charters where you rent the whole boat.
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And then there's subsistence fishing,
278
00:12:31.590 --> 00:12:33.740
which is really fishing for personal, family,
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or community consumption.
280
00:12:37.560 --> 00:12:39.030
Now, why are fisheries important?
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Well, number one, they provide food.
282
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Over three billion people around the world
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00:12:43.180 --> 00:12:46.173
depend on fish as a key source of protein.
284
00:12:47.390 --> 00:12:49.850
They also provide economic impact,
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contributing up to $270 billion dollars
286
00:12:53.270 --> 00:12:54.523
to the global economy.
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And they support jobs, over 260 million jobs globally.
288
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So let's do a quick poll in the chat.
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We'd like to ask folks,
290
00:13:07.190 --> 00:13:09.880
how do you interact with your nearest fishery,
291
00:13:09.880 --> 00:13:13.150
whether it's the Gulf or another part of the world?
292
00:13:13.150 --> 00:13:16.130
Are you a commercial fisher, recreational fisher,
293
00:13:16.130 --> 00:13:20.343
a scientist, seafood consumer, scuba diver?
294
00:13:21.310 --> 00:13:24.010
So let's give 10 seconds for folks to
295
00:13:25.500 --> 00:13:27.890
do a chat storm and just blast
296
00:13:27.890 --> 00:13:30.313
a ton of responses in there.
297
00:13:36.100 --> 00:13:39.633
And apologies, Leslie, if there's hundreds of responses,
298
00:13:40.470 --> 00:13:42.520
but that's a good thing, right?
299
00:13:42.520 --> 00:13:44.980
Yeah, so I've seen scientist,
300
00:13:44.980 --> 00:13:48.180
seafood consumer, diver,
301
00:13:48.180 --> 00:13:51.240
recreational, recreational fisher,
302
00:13:51.240 --> 00:13:54.640
recreational, Chesapeake Bay, mostly recreational,
303
00:13:54.640 --> 00:13:57.403
diver and consumer, scuba diver.
304
00:13:58.340 --> 00:14:01.030
I see fish, I eat them.
305
00:14:01.030 --> 00:14:05.560
Scientist, research diver,
306
00:14:05.560 --> 00:14:09.120
scientist, faculty, seafood consumer,
307
00:14:09.120 --> 00:14:11.773
lots of seafood consumers, swimmers,
308
00:14:13.120 --> 00:14:16.667
education and outreach for fishers.
309
00:14:16.667 --> 00:14:19.030
And I saw illustrator in there, too.
310
00:14:19.030 --> 00:14:20.680
Nice.
311
00:14:20.680 --> 00:14:24.290
Collect fishing line, teachers,
312
00:14:24.290 --> 00:14:26.123
recreational diver and fisherman.
313
00:14:27.450 --> 00:14:28.283
Awesome.
314
00:14:28.283 --> 00:14:30.840
Consumer, lots of consumers.
315
00:14:30.840 --> 00:14:32.120
Great, great responses.
316
00:14:32.120 --> 00:14:33.920
Yeah, so I mean, just that highlights
317
00:14:33.920 --> 00:14:35.720
just all the different ways that fisheries
318
00:14:35.720 --> 00:14:37.693
are important to different folks.
319
00:14:41.040 --> 00:14:43.010
I want folks to read this quote
320
00:14:43.010 --> 00:14:45.147
and think about this for a minute.
321
00:14:45.147 --> 00:14:48.017
"Really managing fisheries is about managing people,"
322
00:14:49.476 --> 00:14:50.350
and truly think about that.
323
00:14:50.350 --> 00:14:52.470
If we can't manage the fish themselves,
324
00:14:52.470 --> 00:14:54.730
we can't control these fish,
325
00:14:54.730 --> 00:14:58.430
and human action is the primary lever,
326
00:14:58.430 --> 00:15:00.630
what can we actually do to manage a fishery?
327
00:15:01.520 --> 00:15:03.450
So, I'd like folks just to take
328
00:15:05.336 --> 00:15:08.240
maybe 15, 20 seconds to think about that,
329
00:15:08.240 --> 00:15:11.940
write down on a piece of paper some of your ideas,
330
00:15:11.940 --> 00:15:13.220
or type it into your cell phone,
331
00:15:13.220 --> 00:15:15.420
or just capture a few of those in your mind.
332
00:15:28.970 --> 00:15:31.580
Hopefully folks got a few ideas down.
333
00:15:31.580 --> 00:15:34.142
The good news is there's actually a lot that we can do,
334
00:15:34.142 --> 00:15:36.100
and there's so many different factors in our oceans
335
00:15:36.100 --> 00:15:39.053
that we can't control, but there's a lot that we can.
336
00:15:40.850 --> 00:15:43.600
So here's just a few examples of levers,
337
00:15:43.600 --> 00:15:47.360
and really it's the who, what, where, when and how?
338
00:15:47.360 --> 00:15:48.490
Who can fish?
339
00:15:48.490 --> 00:15:51.410
This includes the number of licenses, permits,
340
00:15:51.410 --> 00:15:54.730
which sectors get what percentage of fish?
341
00:15:54.730 --> 00:15:57.830
There's a lot of governance that can take place there.
342
00:15:57.830 --> 00:16:00.880
What species: what species are gonna be protected,
343
00:16:00.880 --> 00:16:02.010
what species
344
00:16:03.480 --> 00:16:08.480
will have certain limits, what species are invasive?
345
00:16:08.630 --> 00:16:11.680
So there's a lot to think about in terms of what species.
346
00:16:11.680 --> 00:16:13.500
There's a lot to think about in terms of where.
347
00:16:13.500 --> 00:16:16.010
Are there gonna be some closed locations?
348
00:16:16.010 --> 00:16:19.090
Are there going to be marine-protected areas?
349
00:16:19.090 --> 00:16:22.790
Certain sanctuaries in the US don't allow
350
00:16:22.790 --> 00:16:25.513
certain levels of commercial or recreational fishing.
351
00:16:26.840 --> 00:16:30.550
You can also manage when fishing is allowed.
352
00:16:30.550 --> 00:16:32.363
Are there gonna be closed seasons?
353
00:16:33.290 --> 00:16:35.440
And another example is how to fish?
354
00:16:35.440 --> 00:16:38.020
Are there certain gear restrictions?
355
00:16:38.020 --> 00:16:39.550
There's certain parts of the world
356
00:16:39.550 --> 00:16:42.040
where bottom trawling is not allowed,
357
00:16:42.040 --> 00:16:43.835
certain trawling is not allowed.
358
00:16:43.835 --> 00:16:47.960
There's certain types of line fishing that's not allowed.
359
00:16:47.960 --> 00:16:50.560
There's certain places where you can't
360
00:16:50.560 --> 00:16:53.700
scuba dive and spear fish.
361
00:16:53.700 --> 00:16:56.260
So there's actually a lot of components
362
00:16:56.260 --> 00:16:58.283
that you can build regulations around.
363
00:17:02.240 --> 00:17:05.240
Okay, so when we talk about the importance
364
00:17:05.240 --> 00:17:07.530
of fisheries in terms of food security,
365
00:17:07.530 --> 00:17:10.790
and economic opportunity, and jobs,
366
00:17:10.790 --> 00:17:12.830
it's important to recognize what happens
367
00:17:12.830 --> 00:17:14.870
when fisheries are not managed at all,
368
00:17:14.870 --> 00:17:17.900
or in this case that I'm gonna talk about,
369
00:17:17.900 --> 00:17:19.600
when they're not managed well.
370
00:17:19.600 --> 00:17:21.430
And one of the best known examples
371
00:17:21.430 --> 00:17:22.730
around the world is the collapse
372
00:17:22.730 --> 00:17:25.390
of the Atlantic Cod Fishery off the East Coast,
373
00:17:25.390 --> 00:17:26.750
really affecting Canada
374
00:17:26.750 --> 00:17:29.710
and the northeast portion of the US.
375
00:17:29.710 --> 00:17:33.100
Now I want folks to look at this graph
376
00:17:33.100 --> 00:17:34.630
and look at the amount of fish
377
00:17:34.630 --> 00:17:38.244
that was being harvested in the 1960s.
378
00:17:38.244 --> 00:17:41.930
It was over 800,000 tons of cod per year.
379
00:17:41.930 --> 00:17:43.460
That's an incredible number,
380
00:17:43.460 --> 00:17:45.870
but it was also more than the ecosystem could handle,
381
00:17:45.870 --> 00:17:49.920
and shortly after that, you saw a drastic decrease.
382
00:17:49.920 --> 00:17:52.580
And then in the '90s, you actually saw
383
00:17:53.660 --> 00:17:54.963
the stock crash.
384
00:17:55.800 --> 00:17:57.510
Now fishery managers in the Northeast
385
00:17:57.510 --> 00:18:00.093
are still working to rebuild those stocks.
386
00:18:01.050 --> 00:18:03.720
And there's a lot of reasons for the collapse:
387
00:18:03.720 --> 00:18:05.500
tremendous fishing pressure,
388
00:18:05.500 --> 00:18:08.270
lack of effective regulations,
389
00:18:08.270 --> 00:18:10.680
inadequate data collection,
390
00:18:10.680 --> 00:18:13.300
and lack of political will to reduce catch
391
00:18:13.300 --> 00:18:15.910
when early signs of overfishing appeared.
392
00:18:15.910 --> 00:18:18.570
Now we've learned a lot from that collapse,
393
00:18:18.570 --> 00:18:20.320
but in many fisheries, we still see
394
00:18:20.320 --> 00:18:22.460
some of the mistakes still being made,
395
00:18:22.460 --> 00:18:25.937
even here, in parts of the US and around the world.
396
00:18:25.937 --> 00:18:28.120
And that includes kicking the can down the road,
397
00:18:28.120 --> 00:18:30.350
holding off on making difficult decisions,
398
00:18:30.350 --> 00:18:33.473
waiting for more science or better science.
399
00:18:35.262 --> 00:18:37.270
And I say all this, but it's also important
400
00:18:37.270 --> 00:18:39.730
to recognize that when people's livelihoods are at stake,
401
00:18:39.730 --> 00:18:42.440
it's also hard to say, "You can't go fish.
402
00:18:42.440 --> 00:18:45.160
You can't earn a wage this month,
403
00:18:45.160 --> 00:18:48.790
or this season, or this year,
404
00:18:48.790 --> 00:18:51.710
because we have to let the fishery rebuild."
405
00:18:51.710 --> 00:18:56.060
However, in this case, when the stock crashed,
406
00:18:56.060 --> 00:18:58.110
it wasn't just a few fishermen that were affected.
407
00:18:58.110 --> 00:19:00.010
In the end, it was the entire fishery,
408
00:19:00.010 --> 00:19:02.460
the communities, the supply chain
409
00:19:02.460 --> 00:19:04.473
that ended up losing their livelihoods.
410
00:19:05.760 --> 00:19:07.740
So inability to make the hard decisions now
411
00:19:07.740 --> 00:19:10.363
can lead to disastrous effects down the line,
412
00:19:11.540 --> 00:19:13.550
and also add that there are mitigation strategies
413
00:19:13.550 --> 00:19:18.023
to help with issues before they become fully exploited.
414
00:19:20.119 --> 00:19:21.850
And when you get to this point of a crashed fishery,
415
00:19:21.850 --> 00:19:23.520
then all the decisions are gonna be
416
00:19:23.520 --> 00:19:25.360
exponentially more difficult
417
00:19:25.360 --> 00:19:29.213
and make those mitigation strategies equally challenging.
418
00:19:36.145 --> 00:19:39.978
Now, I won't get too much into this aspect,
419
00:19:41.810 --> 00:19:46.170
how climate change played a role in that collapse,
420
00:19:46.170 --> 00:19:48.310
but the important thing to take away from this
421
00:19:48.310 --> 00:19:51.490
is that changing temperatures and oceanic conditions
422
00:19:53.700 --> 00:19:56.570
have been affected by climate change.
423
00:19:56.570 --> 00:19:58.710
And like I said, we'll get into this
424
00:19:58.710 --> 00:20:00.083
in just a little bit.
425
00:20:02.040 --> 00:20:05.000
So we've got a bit of a perspective
426
00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:06.970
from around the world and the US.
427
00:20:06.970 --> 00:20:09.370
Let's zoom in on the Gulf a little bit.
428
00:20:09.370 --> 00:20:11.430
In the Gulf of Mexico, Red Snapper is one of
429
00:20:11.430 --> 00:20:13.750
the most important fisheries,
430
00:20:13.750 --> 00:20:17.763
both in terms of recreational and commercial fishing.
431
00:20:18.839 --> 00:20:21.803
Now here, we're looking at data about red snapper,
432
00:20:23.146 --> 00:20:25.180
and in terms of what fishery data is useful,
433
00:20:25.180 --> 00:20:27.330
these are two of the most important.
434
00:20:27.330 --> 00:20:30.410
On the top, you see total biomass,
435
00:20:30.410 --> 00:20:32.700
and on the bottom graph, the bottom right,
436
00:20:32.700 --> 00:20:34.293
you see spawning ratio.
437
00:20:35.130 --> 00:20:37.210
Now the blue line is the Eastern Gulf,
438
00:20:37.210 --> 00:20:39.700
which is areas offshore of Mississippi,
439
00:20:39.700 --> 00:20:41.610
Alabama, and Florida.
440
00:20:41.610 --> 00:20:43.560
And then the red line is the Western Gulf,
441
00:20:43.560 --> 00:20:47.930
which includes areas offshore of Louisiana and Texas.
442
00:20:47.930 --> 00:20:50.350
Now I noticed that in the 1950s,
443
00:20:50.350 --> 00:20:52.570
there was a significant decline,
444
00:20:52.570 --> 00:20:56.980
and the fishery actually almost collapsed around 1990.
445
00:20:56.980 --> 00:20:59.300
Fisheries management has actually brought
446
00:20:59.300 --> 00:21:01.730
this fishery back from the brink of collapse,
447
00:21:01.730 --> 00:21:04.580
and that's where you see both the total biomass,
448
00:21:04.580 --> 00:21:07.180
you see that uptick in the red and the blue
449
00:21:08.060 --> 00:21:09.720
shortly after the two thousands,
450
00:21:09.720 --> 00:21:12.534
and same in that bottom right graph,
451
00:21:12.534 --> 00:21:14.603
the spawning ratio.
452
00:21:16.470 --> 00:21:19.023
Now this success story would not have been possible
453
00:21:19.023 --> 00:21:20.960
without the commercial and recreational
454
00:21:20.960 --> 00:21:23.630
fishing community working with scientists,
455
00:21:23.630 --> 00:21:27.950
and fishery managers, and conservation groups
456
00:21:27.950 --> 00:21:29.910
to identify solutions that help
457
00:21:29.910 --> 00:21:32.590
the red snapper population rebound
458
00:21:32.590 --> 00:21:34.990
and become the economic engine that it is today.
459
00:21:41.550 --> 00:21:45.257
So as far as a few more resources about fisheries,
460
00:21:45.257 --> 00:21:46.270
there's a ton more to learn
461
00:21:46.270 --> 00:21:49.430
about fisheries and fisheries research.
462
00:21:49.430 --> 00:21:51.060
But I got a shameless plug here
463
00:21:51.060 --> 00:21:53.480
for a program that I'm a huge fan of,
464
00:21:53.480 --> 00:21:55.640
the Teacher at Sea program.
465
00:21:55.640 --> 00:21:57.950
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
466
00:21:57.950 --> 00:22:00.820
NOAA, actually places teachers and educators
467
00:22:00.820 --> 00:22:04.370
from formal and informal education institutions
468
00:22:04.370 --> 00:22:07.730
to fill empty berths on their research vessels.
469
00:22:07.730 --> 00:22:09.370
The teachers get exposed to
470
00:22:09.370 --> 00:22:11.940
a ton of interesting field research
471
00:22:11.940 --> 00:22:15.310
on ocean exploration, fishery surveys,
472
00:22:15.310 --> 00:22:16.983
and so much more.
473
00:22:17.958 --> 00:22:19.880
And many of the vessels are filled with
474
00:22:19.880 --> 00:22:22.360
cutting-edge gizmos and gadgets,
475
00:22:22.360 --> 00:22:24.190
and the participants get to access
476
00:22:24.190 --> 00:22:25.790
and learn from the crew,
477
00:22:25.790 --> 00:22:27.940
you're eating with the crew, and the researchers,
478
00:22:27.940 --> 00:22:30.500
and the tech experts that are on that vessel.
479
00:22:30.500 --> 00:22:31.850
And then during the cruise,
480
00:22:31.850 --> 00:22:33.070
the teachers will actually start to
481
00:22:33.070 --> 00:22:35.890
to translate their experience into
482
00:22:35.890 --> 00:22:38.130
communications, materials, and lessons
483
00:22:38.130 --> 00:22:40.810
that they actually share with
484
00:22:41.940 --> 00:22:44.890
their institutions, their students.
485
00:22:44.890 --> 00:22:47.790
And they've got an awesome alumni support network.
486
00:22:47.790 --> 00:22:50.780
2019 was the last season before COVID.
487
00:22:50.780 --> 00:22:53.893
But as I understand, they're starting it back up this year.
488
00:22:54.830 --> 00:22:58.210
They're gonna be accepting applications next year,
489
00:22:58.210 --> 00:23:00.300
but follow their newsletter
490
00:23:00.300 --> 00:23:01.740
if you're not familiar with them,
491
00:23:01.740 --> 00:23:04.003
and you're interested in learning a little bit more.
492
00:23:05.370 --> 00:23:07.760
And also for my fellow educators out there,
493
00:23:07.760 --> 00:23:09.330
another great tool to understand
494
00:23:09.330 --> 00:23:11.730
the human element of fisheries management
495
00:23:11.730 --> 00:23:13.070
is a game that EDF developed
496
00:23:13.070 --> 00:23:14.990
called The Fishing Game.
497
00:23:14.990 --> 00:23:17.690
You can get some of the resources from this link here,
498
00:23:20.873 --> 00:23:22.760
but this can be played online,
499
00:23:22.760 --> 00:23:24.700
or it can be played in person with candy.
500
00:23:24.700 --> 00:23:26.940
Swedish Fish is one of my favorite,
501
00:23:26.940 --> 00:23:29.150
or beans, or any small, little thing
502
00:23:29.150 --> 00:23:33.313
that you can count, and catch, and collect,
503
00:23:34.450 --> 00:23:36.150
but you can also play on Google Slides
504
00:23:36.150 --> 00:23:37.740
if you can't do it in person.
505
00:23:37.740 --> 00:23:40.310
But the trick here is to have a finite number of fish,
506
00:23:40.310 --> 00:23:42.810
allow the students to go crazy in the first season
507
00:23:42.810 --> 00:23:44.137
and catch all the fish,
508
00:23:44.137 --> 00:23:45.824
and then start to talk about
509
00:23:45.824 --> 00:23:47.190
what are some of the ramifications?
510
00:23:47.190 --> 00:23:50.350
How's that fishery gonna rebuild in the next season
511
00:23:50.350 --> 00:23:51.960
if you've taken all the spawners
512
00:23:51.960 --> 00:23:54.363
or all the brood stock out of the water?
513
00:23:55.760 --> 00:23:57.390
And then you start to talk to the students
514
00:23:57.390 --> 00:23:59.410
and say, "Okay, what kind of new regulations
515
00:23:59.410 --> 00:24:03.130
would we introduce in this next season?"
516
00:24:03.130 --> 00:24:04.050
Have the students
517
00:24:05.230 --> 00:24:08.530
play each one of the roles, like a fisher,
518
00:24:08.530 --> 00:24:11.410
a scientist, a fishery manager,
519
00:24:11.410 --> 00:24:13.320
and think about all those different questions.
520
00:24:13.320 --> 00:24:14.760
What are the human levers that you can
521
00:24:14.760 --> 00:24:18.700
actually control and keep that a viable fishery
522
00:24:18.700 --> 00:24:21.000
where there's still jobs,
523
00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:24.673
and seafood, but there's also sustainability?
524
00:24:25.996 --> 00:24:28.620
And that works for anybody,
525
00:24:28.620 --> 00:24:32.490
I'd say, from like kindergarten to Capitol Hill.
526
00:24:32.490 --> 00:24:34.350
We've used this in a lot of different places.
527
00:24:34.350 --> 00:24:36.800
So this isn't just middle school, high school.
528
00:24:36.800 --> 00:24:38.570
This is also great for college students,
529
00:24:38.570 --> 00:24:40.380
and even in communities for folks
530
00:24:40.380 --> 00:24:41.730
that work around the world.
531
00:24:45.090 --> 00:24:46.560
So let's shift gears a little bit
532
00:24:46.560 --> 00:24:48.660
and talk about climate change in fisheries,
533
00:24:48.660 --> 00:24:50.913
the main meat and potatoes of this talk.
534
00:24:51.900 --> 00:24:54.140
Now here we're looking at the three basic climate zones,
535
00:24:54.140 --> 00:24:57.653
the tropics, the temperate region, and the poles.
536
00:24:58.650 --> 00:25:02.750
So let's do another quick poll on the chat.
537
00:25:02.750 --> 00:25:04.250
And I want to ask folks
538
00:25:06.370 --> 00:25:08.590
to enter their answer, but don't hit enter
539
00:25:08.590 --> 00:25:11.600
until I say go, and I'm gonna give everybody
540
00:25:11.600 --> 00:25:13.500
15 seconds to think about this,
541
00:25:13.500 --> 00:25:16.430
type it in, and when I say go,
542
00:25:16.430 --> 00:25:18.440
everybody's gonna hit Enter.
543
00:25:18.440 --> 00:25:20.630
And I want you to think about and name
544
00:25:20.630 --> 00:25:24.970
one change to our oceans that you expect to see
545
00:25:24.970 --> 00:25:26.770
from climate change.
546
00:25:26.770 --> 00:25:28.690
And I'll give a great example.
547
00:25:28.690 --> 00:25:29.680
In most parts of the world,
548
00:25:29.680 --> 00:25:32.050
the waters are actually gonna get warmer.
549
00:25:32.050 --> 00:25:34.070
So, you can't steal that one.
550
00:25:34.070 --> 00:25:37.810
Now I'll give you 15 seconds to type in your response.
551
00:25:37.810 --> 00:25:39.443
Don't hit Enter yet.
552
00:25:40.530 --> 00:25:42.853
We're all gonna hit Enter at once.
553
00:25:56.160 --> 00:25:57.883
Okay, everybody go.
554
00:26:02.930 --> 00:26:04.840
Okay, Sepp, I'm seeing answers.
555
00:26:04.840 --> 00:26:07.880
More dead zones, coral bleaching,
556
00:26:07.880 --> 00:26:11.950
weather, acidification, water clarity,
557
00:26:11.950 --> 00:26:15.910
coral bleaching, coral disease increases,
558
00:26:15.910 --> 00:26:20.910
coral death, sea level rise, increased acidity,
559
00:26:20.940 --> 00:26:22.677
rising sea levels,
560
00:26:26.780 --> 00:26:30.830
icebergs melt, more red tides,
561
00:26:30.830 --> 00:26:34.970
migrating fish stocks, changing of ocean currents,
562
00:26:34.970 --> 00:26:37.443
some fish species will disappear.
563
00:26:39.010 --> 00:26:41.173
Sea shells disappearing.
564
00:26:42.980 --> 00:26:46.183
Fish start hiding, fish behavior changes.
565
00:26:47.900 --> 00:26:51.210
Yes, there are some great ones in there,
566
00:26:51.210 --> 00:26:54.060
and that's already a long list.
567
00:26:54.060 --> 00:26:56.300
And the list is even longer than that.
568
00:26:56.300 --> 00:26:58.430
We're still finding out how
569
00:26:58.430 --> 00:27:00.130
so many species around the world
570
00:27:00.130 --> 00:27:01.633
are going to be impacted.
571
00:27:05.420 --> 00:27:09.460
And here, there's a lot of information on this slide,
572
00:27:09.460 --> 00:27:11.590
but a few things that I want to highlight is,
573
00:27:11.590 --> 00:27:14.440
that in the tropics, especially warmer waters,
574
00:27:14.440 --> 00:27:15.930
are gonna mean that fish will start
575
00:27:15.930 --> 00:27:17.543
to shift towards the poles.
576
00:27:18.990 --> 00:27:21.450
And in some cases toward deeper waters,
577
00:27:21.450 --> 00:27:24.490
seeking refuge from higher temperatures.
578
00:27:24.490 --> 00:27:26.770
We'll also see more destruction of fish habitat
579
00:27:26.770 --> 00:27:29.090
in the face of warming waters,
580
00:27:29.090 --> 00:27:30.770
for instance, coral bleaching,
581
00:27:30.770 --> 00:27:34.400
and more frequent and intense storm activity
582
00:27:34.400 --> 00:27:37.513
in the tropics, especially,
583
00:27:38.907 --> 00:27:41.520
and we'll also see more disease in warming waters.
584
00:27:41.520 --> 00:27:42.530
Now in the temperate zone,
585
00:27:42.530 --> 00:27:44.950
we're gonna see new fishing opportunities,
586
00:27:44.950 --> 00:27:48.240
new fish moving in, and some fish moving out,
587
00:27:48.240 --> 00:27:51.510
meaning that there's gonna be some new opportunities
588
00:27:51.510 --> 00:27:54.310
to catch new species, while certain fishing windows
589
00:27:54.310 --> 00:27:55.763
are gonna start to close.
590
00:27:57.330 --> 00:28:00.450
Now in the polar region, we'll see melting ice,
591
00:28:00.450 --> 00:28:02.160
which will open up new fishing grounds,
592
00:28:02.160 --> 00:28:04.900
and we'll also see new fish stocks arriving.
593
00:28:04.900 --> 00:28:07.503
So as a whole, the poles are mostly gonna gain,
594
00:28:08.630 --> 00:28:10.940
and remind everybody to think about
595
00:28:10.940 --> 00:28:13.200
what does this mean for fisheries management?
596
00:28:13.200 --> 00:28:14.560
In some areas of the world,
597
00:28:14.560 --> 00:28:17.430
it's gonna mean new opportunities, new economies,
598
00:28:17.430 --> 00:28:20.240
and in other areas, it's gonna mean loss of fish
599
00:28:20.240 --> 00:28:21.773
and loss of livelihoods.
600
00:28:27.770 --> 00:28:30.130
Now, EDF has looked at fisheries around the world,
601
00:28:30.130 --> 00:28:32.850
identifying best practices and worst practices
602
00:28:32.850 --> 00:28:35.270
for climate resilience to help alleviate
603
00:28:35.270 --> 00:28:36.960
some of the impacts and better prepare
604
00:28:36.960 --> 00:28:38.963
for climate change in fisheries.
605
00:28:39.800 --> 00:28:44.180
We identified five core principles that are listed here,
606
00:28:44.180 --> 00:28:47.870
and they're discussed in detail in the handout
607
00:28:47.870 --> 00:28:51.893
that Kelly has attached here in the chat bar.
608
00:28:53.280 --> 00:28:56.130
Today, we're mostly gonna focus on Principle Two,
609
00:28:56.130 --> 00:28:57.800
but there's some really great case studies
610
00:28:57.800 --> 00:29:01.760
in that handout to be able to talk about
611
00:29:01.760 --> 00:29:04.070
places where certain strategies have worked,
612
00:29:04.070 --> 00:29:07.150
or where strategies haven't worked.
613
00:29:07.150 --> 00:29:09.600
But like I said, we're gonna focus on number two.
614
00:29:10.790 --> 00:29:13.000
And a key piece of that is to really start
615
00:29:13.000 --> 00:29:15.120
planning ahead, and to do that,
616
00:29:15.120 --> 00:29:18.190
EDF has a whole suite of resources on our website.
617
00:29:18.190 --> 00:29:19.820
Some that we've developed.
618
00:29:19.820 --> 00:29:22.690
Plenty of others that we've linked to other sites
619
00:29:24.125 --> 00:29:25.440
to help raise awareness about
620
00:29:25.440 --> 00:29:27.717
and advance climate ready fisheries,
621
00:29:27.717 --> 00:29:30.040
and one of the best places to find all this is at
622
00:29:30.040 --> 00:29:34.623
FISHE.edf.org, and that's F-I-S-H-E, FISHE.
623
00:29:35.620 --> 00:29:37.520
Now under the FISHE process,
624
00:29:37.520 --> 00:29:39.910
we have a series of steps to walk,
625
00:29:39.910 --> 00:29:43.310
help walk stakeholders through the entire process
626
00:29:43.310 --> 00:29:45.870
of goal setting, talking about fisheries management,
627
00:29:45.870 --> 00:29:49.380
the participatory process, really sitting down with
628
00:29:49.380 --> 00:29:53.210
this can be applied to small-scale fisheries
629
00:29:53.210 --> 00:29:56.090
in developing countries all the way up to
630
00:29:56.950 --> 00:30:01.943
fully-developed fisheries in developed countries.
631
00:30:03.700 --> 00:30:07.520
But this is also really helpful as an education tool.
632
00:30:07.520 --> 00:30:10.210
And again, for any of my fellow educators out there,
633
00:30:10.210 --> 00:30:11.740
I want to highlight this,
634
00:30:11.740 --> 00:30:14.560
but really Step One is to project future conditions.
635
00:30:14.560 --> 00:30:17.150
And there's a number of sources under this step
636
00:30:17.150 --> 00:30:19.400
that we highlight in the worksheet,
637
00:30:19.400 --> 00:30:21.550
but I'm gonna walk you through a few today.
638
00:30:23.480 --> 00:30:25.990
One of my favorites is AquaMaps.
639
00:30:25.990 --> 00:30:27.740
It's a great resource where you can look at
640
00:30:27.740 --> 00:30:29.460
the species distribution of almost
641
00:30:29.460 --> 00:30:31.910
any marine critter on Earth.
642
00:30:31.910 --> 00:30:35.657
Being a Gulf local, I actually searched for red snapper.
643
00:30:35.657 --> 00:30:37.270
And this map you're looking at here
644
00:30:37.270 --> 00:30:39.823
is the current native range map.
645
00:30:40.990 --> 00:30:44.060
Now you can see the different gradients
646
00:30:44.060 --> 00:30:47.550
of the relative probability of occurrence,
647
00:30:47.550 --> 00:30:49.510
basically dark red is where
648
00:30:49.510 --> 00:30:52.060
you've got a high probability of red snapper
649
00:30:52.920 --> 00:30:56.040
all the way down to this light, light, yellow
650
00:30:56.040 --> 00:30:58.980
where there's a really small chance.
651
00:30:58.980 --> 00:30:59.890
And then there's other places that
652
00:30:59.890 --> 00:31:00.870
don't have any color where you're not
653
00:31:00.870 --> 00:31:02.150
gonna see them at all.
654
00:31:02.150 --> 00:31:07.150
Now I'm gonna show you the range in 2050,
655
00:31:08.160 --> 00:31:12.240
so I want folks to look specifically at the Gulf,
656
00:31:12.240 --> 00:31:14.150
the colors in the Gulf of Mexico,
657
00:31:14.150 --> 00:31:16.973
and then also along the East Coast of the US.
658
00:31:22.840 --> 00:31:25.660
All right, so this is 2050.
659
00:31:25.660 --> 00:31:27.620
This is current.
660
00:31:27.620 --> 00:31:28.823
2050.
661
00:31:30.060 --> 00:31:31.270
Current.
662
00:31:31.270 --> 00:31:34.310
Back to 2050, and a couple things that I noticed
663
00:31:34.310 --> 00:31:37.000
from this is that there's a good chance
664
00:31:37.000 --> 00:31:38.790
folks might actually be catching red snapper
665
00:31:38.790 --> 00:31:39.763
off of New York.
666
00:31:40.840 --> 00:31:43.230
Also notice that the probability of occurrence
667
00:31:43.230 --> 00:31:46.390
really decreases from that dark red
668
00:31:46.390 --> 00:31:47.883
around the tropics,
669
00:31:50.476 --> 00:31:52.270
see how dark red that is around the tropics
670
00:31:52.270 --> 00:31:56.163
off of the northern tip of South America,
671
00:31:57.582 --> 00:31:58.840
and really starts to decrease to
672
00:31:58.840 --> 00:32:01.140
like a light orange and in some places yellow.
673
00:32:02.580 --> 00:32:03.920
Now in the Gulf,
674
00:32:03.920 --> 00:32:05.570
we're expecting red snapper to be
675
00:32:06.430 --> 00:32:09.880
somewhat resilient compared to a number of other species.
676
00:32:09.880 --> 00:32:13.400
But since those snapper can't move
677
00:32:13.400 --> 00:32:17.160
immediately north, 'cause we're a closed-in basin,
678
00:32:17.160 --> 00:32:19.550
we're expecting them to move towards deeper water
679
00:32:19.550 --> 00:32:21.760
to get refuge from increasing sea surface
680
00:32:21.760 --> 00:32:24.690
temperatures and the right habitat conditions.
681
00:32:24.690 --> 00:32:26.480
So when it comes to the human element,
682
00:32:26.480 --> 00:32:28.480
this means commercial and recreational fishers
683
00:32:28.480 --> 00:32:30.510
will need to travel further
684
00:32:30.510 --> 00:32:32.343
to pursue this fish in the future.
685
00:32:34.840 --> 00:32:36.870
Now this map shows the native range
686
00:32:36.870 --> 00:32:39.190
right now for mahi-mahi.
687
00:32:39.190 --> 00:32:41.620
Mahi are known as the rabbit of the sea
688
00:32:41.620 --> 00:32:43.940
because they reproduce so rapidly
689
00:32:43.940 --> 00:32:46.400
and are one of the most sustainable seafood options,
690
00:32:46.400 --> 00:32:48.490
as long as the type of fishing
691
00:32:48.490 --> 00:32:52.870
doesn't destroy habitat or generate bycatch.
692
00:32:52.870 --> 00:32:54.930
Now notice here that mahi are found
693
00:32:54.930 --> 00:32:57.017
almost all over the world within the tropics
694
00:32:57.017 --> 00:32:59.080
and the temperate regions.
695
00:32:59.080 --> 00:33:02.120
And also notice that the Gulf is mostly red
696
00:33:02.120 --> 00:33:03.573
with a little bit of orange.
697
00:33:04.420 --> 00:33:05.640
So this is 2050.
698
00:33:05.640 --> 00:33:09.100
Notice that most of the Gulf now becomes yellow,
699
00:33:09.100 --> 00:33:11.090
and also notice that
700
00:33:14.042 --> 00:33:17.170
the range has expanded towards the poles.
701
00:33:17.170 --> 00:33:20.430
So here's current
702
00:33:20.430 --> 00:33:21.733
and here's 2050.
703
00:33:23.130 --> 00:33:23.963
Current.
704
00:33:24.950 --> 00:33:26.430
2050.
705
00:33:26.430 --> 00:33:28.800
Now we're already hearing about
706
00:33:28.800 --> 00:33:31.960
folks catching mahi a lot more regularly
707
00:33:31.960 --> 00:33:33.580
off of Washington state.
708
00:33:33.580 --> 00:33:35.830
And you can see from this 2050 map
709
00:33:35.830 --> 00:33:38.240
that there's actually gonna be some opportunity
710
00:33:38.240 --> 00:33:40.473
to catch mahi off of Alaska.
711
00:33:41.770 --> 00:33:43.550
Now I could do this exercise
712
00:33:43.550 --> 00:33:46.120
for a hundred different species in the Gulf,
713
00:33:46.120 --> 00:33:48.160
and each one has a really unique story.
714
00:33:48.160 --> 00:33:50.510
Southern flounder perhaps might be
715
00:33:50.510 --> 00:33:53.360
the canary in the coal mine for the Gulf.
716
00:33:53.360 --> 00:33:56.590
And that's one stock where we're already seeing
717
00:33:56.590 --> 00:33:58.270
warming sea surface temperatures
718
00:33:58.270 --> 00:34:00.393
really hammering the fishery.
719
00:34:01.770 --> 00:34:03.550
On the East Coast and the West Coast,
720
00:34:03.550 --> 00:34:06.750
where there's that kind of north/south migration route,
721
00:34:06.750 --> 00:34:08.903
we're already seeing a lot more changes.
722
00:34:10.460 --> 00:34:15.460
Another example I'll give real quick from the Gulf is
723
00:34:15.580 --> 00:34:18.230
we're hearing a lot more fishermen off of Florida
724
00:34:18.230 --> 00:34:20.200
that are catching African pompano.
725
00:34:20.200 --> 00:34:22.970
And if you got a second, I'd say Google that species,
726
00:34:22.970 --> 00:34:24.543
they're really wild looking,
727
00:34:25.770 --> 00:34:27.640
but there's no federal regulations
728
00:34:27.640 --> 00:34:30.830
on catching African pompano in the Gulf.
729
00:34:30.830 --> 00:34:33.420
So as these reports have been rolling in,
730
00:34:33.420 --> 00:34:34.960
the state of Florida is actually developing
731
00:34:34.960 --> 00:34:39.960
those regulations to adjust to that emerging fishery.
732
00:34:40.100 --> 00:34:42.470
And that scenario is gonna play itself out
733
00:34:42.470 --> 00:34:45.370
in various different ways, thousands of times
734
00:34:45.370 --> 00:34:46.960
around the world.
735
00:34:46.960 --> 00:34:51.960
And again, EDF is helping to create tools, best practices
736
00:34:53.560 --> 00:34:56.023
to help adapt to those changing conditions.
737
00:35:00.110 --> 00:35:01.100
I can't go through anymore.
738
00:35:01.100 --> 00:35:02.410
I wish I could highlight a few
739
00:35:02.410 --> 00:35:03.640
'cause this is such a cool tool,
740
00:35:03.640 --> 00:35:07.610
but I highly suggest folks go check out AquaMaps,
741
00:35:07.610 --> 00:35:08.910
type in your favorite species,
742
00:35:08.910 --> 00:35:11.350
whatever part of the world you're in,
743
00:35:11.350 --> 00:35:13.353
check out some of these range shifts,
744
00:35:14.230 --> 00:35:17.190
and this is mostly fish,
745
00:35:17.190 --> 00:35:19.340
but there's a lot of other really neat
746
00:35:21.320 --> 00:35:25.050
species in there, like Caribbean spiny lobster.
747
00:35:25.050 --> 00:35:27.453
Yeah, you name it, it's a great resource.
748
00:35:33.590 --> 00:35:35.900
All right, so back to the FISHE process.
749
00:35:35.900 --> 00:35:37.460
Now I want to highlight
750
00:35:37.460 --> 00:35:39.770
the Climate Vulnerability Analysis or,
751
00:35:39.770 --> 00:35:44.770
also known as a CVA for marine species.
752
00:35:45.020 --> 00:35:46.720
Sepp, we just had somebody real quick
753
00:35:46.720 --> 00:35:48.027
ask if you could repeat the information
754
00:35:48.027 --> 00:35:49.573
about the flounder.
755
00:35:51.220 --> 00:35:53.050
Yeah, absolutely.
756
00:35:53.050 --> 00:35:56.083
So Southern flounder are actually,
757
00:35:58.387 --> 00:36:00.660
the fishery's not doing well.
758
00:36:00.660 --> 00:36:02.590
And there's a lot of emerging science
759
00:36:02.590 --> 00:36:06.230
that shows that warming sea surface temperatures
760
00:36:06.230 --> 00:36:08.563
are a contributing factor.
761
00:36:10.485 --> 00:36:11.560
I'm not a flounder expert.
762
00:36:11.560 --> 00:36:13.080
So only the papers that I've read
763
00:36:13.080 --> 00:36:15.590
do I have information on,
764
00:36:15.590 --> 00:36:17.370
but that's especially in the Gulf,
765
00:36:17.370 --> 00:36:20.240
that's kind of one of the emerging fisheries
766
00:36:20.240 --> 00:36:22.240
that we know are being impacted heavily.
767
00:36:31.487 --> 00:36:33.737
All right, so onto the CVA.
768
00:36:35.700 --> 00:36:38.610
Really the CVA is a tool for determining
769
00:36:38.610 --> 00:36:41.197
the relative vulnerability of a species.
770
00:36:41.197 --> 00:36:43.010
And this looks super wonky,
771
00:36:43.010 --> 00:36:45.340
but I won't get too technical here.
772
00:36:45.340 --> 00:36:47.250
Bu the basic premise of the CVA
773
00:36:47.250 --> 00:36:49.310
is that the vulnerability of a species,
774
00:36:49.310 --> 00:36:52.030
whether it's coral, a fish, or a marine mammal
775
00:36:53.340 --> 00:36:55.730
really depends on that species' exposure
776
00:36:55.730 --> 00:36:58.570
to climate change and the species' sensitivity
777
00:36:58.570 --> 00:36:59.880
to certain impacts.
778
00:36:59.880 --> 00:37:02.163
I'm gonna go over these terms here in a second.
779
00:37:03.460 --> 00:37:05.680
Now the exposure part of this equation
780
00:37:05.680 --> 00:37:07.220
refers to how much climate change
781
00:37:07.220 --> 00:37:09.560
a species will experience,
782
00:37:09.560 --> 00:37:12.350
given its distribution and behavior.
783
00:37:12.350 --> 00:37:14.420
There are climate maps from all over the world
784
00:37:14.420 --> 00:37:16.300
that talk about the changes to expect
785
00:37:16.300 --> 00:37:17.820
in different parts of the world.
786
00:37:17.820 --> 00:37:19.750
Now, remember our early discussion
787
00:37:19.750 --> 00:37:22.010
on the tropics, versus the temperate zone,
788
00:37:22.010 --> 00:37:24.713
versus the poles.
789
00:37:28.050 --> 00:37:29.810
And so here's a great example
790
00:37:29.810 --> 00:37:32.010
of a few climate exposure factors.
791
00:37:32.010 --> 00:37:33.650
Because the climate is changing
792
00:37:33.650 --> 00:37:36.910
in a lot of different ways, exposure can include
793
00:37:36.910 --> 00:37:38.320
different types of factors,
794
00:37:38.320 --> 00:37:40.780
including things like ocean temperature,
795
00:37:40.780 --> 00:37:43.480
ocean acidification, coastal erosion,
796
00:37:43.480 --> 00:37:46.300
changes in storm frequency and intensity,
797
00:37:46.300 --> 00:37:47.853
and sea level rise.
798
00:37:50.018 --> 00:37:51.530
Now the sensitivity part of the equation
799
00:37:51.530 --> 00:37:53.730
refers to how sensitive a species will be
800
00:37:53.730 --> 00:37:57.530
to climate change given its biological traits.
801
00:37:57.530 --> 00:37:59.540
So this refers to how likely
802
00:37:59.540 --> 00:38:04.470
it is to experience declines or reduced productivity
803
00:38:04.470 --> 00:38:07.270
as a consequence of its biological characteristics.
804
00:38:07.270 --> 00:38:10.763
And I'll get into this in detail in the next few slides.
805
00:38:12.890 --> 00:38:15.760
So these biological traits include things
806
00:38:15.760 --> 00:38:18.420
that are likely to affect how able it is
807
00:38:18.420 --> 00:38:19.610
to respond to climate change.
808
00:38:19.610 --> 00:38:22.220
For example, the diet specificity,
809
00:38:22.220 --> 00:38:25.780
habitat specificity, spawning behavior, mobility,
810
00:38:25.780 --> 00:38:27.470
how much fishing pressure it's under,
811
00:38:27.470 --> 00:38:30.093
and how fast the population can grow.
812
00:38:32.420 --> 00:38:34.590
So each of these species ends up getting
813
00:38:34.590 --> 00:38:36.800
a relative score for how exposed it will be
814
00:38:36.800 --> 00:38:39.560
to the climate factors and how sensitive it will be
815
00:38:39.560 --> 00:38:43.823
to that exposure based on biological traits.
816
00:38:45.520 --> 00:38:49.710
And here, you can see, we've ranked them relatively,
817
00:38:49.710 --> 00:38:51.820
and we can get an overall assessment
818
00:38:51.820 --> 00:38:54.820
of how vulnerable different species are,
819
00:38:54.820 --> 00:38:57.270
which can be helpful for planning and management.
820
00:38:59.260 --> 00:39:03.100
For instance, take a look at the,
821
00:39:03.100 --> 00:39:04.440
I think this is reef shark from
822
00:39:04.440 --> 00:39:07.440
one of our Caribbean CVAs,
823
00:39:07.440 --> 00:39:09.800
which is gonna be very high sensitivity
824
00:39:09.800 --> 00:39:12.500
and really high climate exposure.
825
00:39:12.500 --> 00:39:14.400
Like I said, red snapper are gonna be
826
00:39:14.400 --> 00:39:18.320
moderate to high, but then you've got
827
00:39:18.320 --> 00:39:20.803
like crabs and squid, which are gonna be,
828
00:39:21.750 --> 00:39:24.792
tend to be a little bit lower
829
00:39:24.792 --> 00:39:26.292
in the relative vulnerability.
830
00:39:27.310 --> 00:39:31.340
Now imagine how big this process can get
831
00:39:31.340 --> 00:39:35.270
when you add, for instance, all the different species,
832
00:39:35.270 --> 00:39:36.960
including fish and corals
833
00:39:36.960 --> 00:39:40.103
that are found at the Flower Garden Banks.
834
00:39:41.040 --> 00:39:44.130
The good news is that the process is pretty simple
835
00:39:44.130 --> 00:39:45.810
for each species.
836
00:39:45.810 --> 00:39:48.350
And you can also add in some shortcuts,
837
00:39:48.350 --> 00:39:50.960
like lumping similar species into baskets,
838
00:39:50.960 --> 00:39:52.580
like, for instance, taking all the similar
839
00:39:52.580 --> 00:39:56.363
snapper species and assigning them similar scores.
840
00:40:00.240 --> 00:40:03.570
And so you end up getting examples where,
841
00:40:03.570 --> 00:40:06.200
we know sharks are gonna be some of the most vulnerable,
842
00:40:06.200 --> 00:40:07.990
they're slow growing, they're specialists.
843
00:40:07.990 --> 00:40:10.113
They're fairly range-restricted,
844
00:40:11.150 --> 00:40:12.970
small population, and
845
00:40:15.040 --> 00:40:16.920
on the flip side, you've got,
846
00:40:16.920 --> 00:40:20.880
I think here was anchovies,
847
00:40:20.880 --> 00:40:23.120
threadfin anchovies from the Caribbean,
848
00:40:23.120 --> 00:40:26.430
which do not use rapidly changing habitats.
849
00:40:26.430 --> 00:40:28.210
They're fast growing, they're generalists,
850
00:40:28.210 --> 00:40:29.510
and they're highly mobile.
851
00:40:31.332 --> 00:40:36.332
So those species are gonna be less vulnerable,
852
00:40:36.398 --> 00:40:39.970
and how all that translates to the human side,
853
00:40:39.970 --> 00:40:43.340
you can actually start to plan out
854
00:40:43.340 --> 00:40:44.490
for some of these changes.
855
00:40:44.490 --> 00:40:47.610
You can start to strengthen protections
856
00:40:47.610 --> 00:40:50.390
for some of the most vulnerable species.
857
00:40:50.390 --> 00:40:52.840
You can strengthen fisheries management
858
00:40:52.840 --> 00:40:56.593
to buffer for some of those moderately vulnerable species.
859
00:40:57.716 --> 00:41:00.980
And then you can also start to think about
860
00:41:00.980 --> 00:41:03.007
different ways and barriers that
861
00:41:04.740 --> 00:41:07.580
might be in place that need alleviated
862
00:41:07.580 --> 00:41:11.600
to help tap into robust supply chains,
863
00:41:11.600 --> 00:41:14.040
developing markets, new fishing opportunities
864
00:41:14.040 --> 00:41:17.320
for commercial and recreational sectors,
865
00:41:17.320 --> 00:41:19.903
and really tap into those new opportunities.
866
00:41:22.770 --> 00:41:25.520
All right, three more slides; hang in there, everybody.
867
00:41:28.070 --> 00:41:29.860
Some of you might be asking, "Hey, Sepp,
868
00:41:29.860 --> 00:41:32.020
how can I run a CVA at home?"
869
00:41:32.020 --> 00:41:33.710
Well, great question.
870
00:41:33.710 --> 00:41:35.870
The good news is there's a lot of tools online
871
00:41:35.870 --> 00:41:38.643
in addition to what I've highlighted today.
872
00:41:39.486 --> 00:41:41.700
And one of the best I've seen is
873
00:41:41.700 --> 00:41:44.083
on the Climate Adaptation Toolkit,
874
00:41:45.370 --> 00:41:48.410
also known as the Climate Action Knowledge Exchange,
875
00:41:48.410 --> 00:41:50.000
CAKE, for short.
876
00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:52.200
It's got some great tools, not just on fisheries,
877
00:41:52.200 --> 00:41:54.370
but also on climate vulnerability
878
00:41:54.370 --> 00:41:56.730
of habitats like corals, intertidals,
879
00:41:56.730 --> 00:41:59.300
dunes, and a lot more.
880
00:41:59.300 --> 00:42:03.260
I suggest checking it out, whether you're a scientist,
881
00:42:03.260 --> 00:42:05.950
a resource manager, a researcher,
882
00:42:05.950 --> 00:42:09.220
or an educator, and also want to add
883
00:42:09.220 --> 00:42:11.290
that a lot of these CAKE tools
884
00:42:11.290 --> 00:42:13.620
have actually been used to conduct CVAs
885
00:42:13.620 --> 00:42:16.860
at other sanctuaries around the US.
886
00:42:16.860 --> 00:42:18.350
And one of my favorite tools
887
00:42:18.350 --> 00:42:20.650
is the Adaptation Actions Table.
888
00:42:20.650 --> 00:42:22.150
There's a lot of really neat ones here,
889
00:42:22.150 --> 00:42:25.260
but I'm just gonna dive into that table.
890
00:42:25.260 --> 00:42:29.000
And it's fairly small script here,
891
00:42:29.000 --> 00:42:30.310
but you can actually go in
892
00:42:30.310 --> 00:42:33.230
and search for different types of habitat,
893
00:42:33.230 --> 00:42:34.853
like corals, for instance.
894
00:42:35.908 --> 00:42:37.380
And then you're gonna see a whole list
895
00:42:37.380 --> 00:42:40.840
of climate stressors and impacts.
896
00:42:40.840 --> 00:42:42.370
You'll start to see some actions,
897
00:42:42.370 --> 00:42:45.220
some case studies, and then some additional tools
898
00:42:45.220 --> 00:42:48.700
and resources to think about management actions.
899
00:42:48.700 --> 00:42:50.210
So again, I highly encourage folks
900
00:42:50.210 --> 00:42:53.610
to jump into this tool, check it out.
901
00:42:53.610 --> 00:42:55.310
There's some neat things in there.
902
00:42:59.270 --> 00:43:02.290
So final take home messages.
903
00:43:02.290 --> 00:43:04.240
I'd like to leave you with a few.
904
00:43:04.240 --> 00:43:06.970
Yes, fisheries are incredibly complex
905
00:43:06.970 --> 00:43:08.993
environmentally and politically,
906
00:43:10.340 --> 00:43:11.750
but there are career opportunities
907
00:43:11.750 --> 00:43:14.370
in all aspects of this space,
908
00:43:14.370 --> 00:43:16.570
especially in research and management,
909
00:43:16.570 --> 00:43:19.220
which is great news for all you students out there,
910
00:43:19.220 --> 00:43:21.370
and also for anyone that's listening
911
00:43:21.370 --> 00:43:23.870
that might be a little burnt out in their day job.
912
00:43:25.160 --> 00:43:27.980
Point Number Two, people can make a difference.
913
00:43:27.980 --> 00:43:30.123
I would say human action matters.
914
00:43:31.299 --> 00:43:32.149
And Number Three,
915
00:43:33.380 --> 00:43:35.810
it's incredibly stressful to think about
916
00:43:35.810 --> 00:43:38.460
how we'll ever get back to where we were before
917
00:43:39.930 --> 00:43:43.020
these climate impacts were set in motion,
918
00:43:43.020 --> 00:43:44.121
but we can't think like that.
919
00:43:44.121 --> 00:43:46.320
We need to think about building toward a better future,
920
00:43:46.320 --> 00:43:47.713
not to an old memory.
921
00:43:49.175 --> 00:43:51.870
And lastly, I want to say that there is hope.
922
00:43:51.870 --> 00:43:54.190
So EDF's research with leading scientists
923
00:43:54.190 --> 00:43:55.430
from around the world indicates
924
00:43:55.430 --> 00:43:58.090
that with good management, community engagement,
925
00:43:58.090 --> 00:43:59.680
and the right political will,
926
00:43:59.680 --> 00:44:02.953
the oceans and our fisheries can recover quickly,
927
00:44:06.139 --> 00:44:09.280
in many cases, to what the future holds,
928
00:44:09.280 --> 00:44:12.550
which means more fish, more food for communities
929
00:44:12.550 --> 00:44:16.053
around the world, and more prosperous livelihoods.
930
00:44:18.620 --> 00:44:21.330
And that concludes my presentation.
931
00:44:21.330 --> 00:44:22.233
Thanks, everybody.
932
00:44:24.290 --> 00:44:26.660
Thank you, Sepp, that was great.
933
00:44:26.660 --> 00:44:28.940
Everyone, we're happy to take your questions
934
00:44:28.940 --> 00:44:30.740
at this point, but we'll need you to type those
935
00:44:30.740 --> 00:44:32.460
into the question box.
936
00:44:32.460 --> 00:44:35.670
We will not be able to unmute people to ask questions.
937
00:44:35.670 --> 00:44:39.270
My apologies, that column was available for you,
938
00:44:39.270 --> 00:44:41.380
and we didn't realize that setting was turned on.
939
00:44:41.380 --> 00:44:43.230
So we've turned it off, and please,
940
00:44:43.230 --> 00:44:44.610
if you have questions for Sepp,
941
00:44:44.610 --> 00:44:46.823
type them into the questions box.
942
00:44:47.970 --> 00:44:49.490
There were a couple typed in
943
00:44:49.490 --> 00:44:51.450
during the course of your presentation, Sepp,
944
00:44:51.450 --> 00:44:53.610
so I'll start with one of those.
945
00:44:53.610 --> 00:44:56.470
What as a recreational fisherman can we do
946
00:44:56.470 --> 00:44:59.023
to help with management and conservation?
947
00:45:00.291 --> 00:45:01.760
Yeah, great question.
948
00:45:01.760 --> 00:45:04.630
I'd say one of the biggest pieces
949
00:45:04.630 --> 00:45:07.743
is stay engaged and involved.
950
00:45:09.095 --> 00:45:11.120
And data collection is a huge component
951
00:45:11.120 --> 00:45:12.770
in the recreational fishery.
952
00:45:12.770 --> 00:45:14.160
Here in the Gulf, we've got one of the biggest
953
00:45:14.160 --> 00:45:16.340
recreational fisheries in the world.
954
00:45:16.340 --> 00:45:19.170
Up to a hundred thousand plus boats
955
00:45:19.170 --> 00:45:20.450
taking millions of trips,
956
00:45:20.450 --> 00:45:23.143
and that's according to NOAA's data,
957
00:45:24.150 --> 00:45:25.930
but it's hard to get data from every single
958
00:45:25.930 --> 00:45:27.450
one of those anglers, right?
959
00:45:27.450 --> 00:45:30.783
So there's some great apps for reporting your catch.
960
00:45:32.700 --> 00:45:34.490
A lot of folks tend to
961
00:45:34.490 --> 00:45:36.290
get tired of reporting throughout the season.
962
00:45:36.290 --> 00:45:38.670
But I'd say even if you go out and don't catch anything,
963
00:45:38.670 --> 00:45:41.080
that's a really important data point.
964
00:45:41.080 --> 00:45:42.683
And the more folks that report,
965
00:45:43.750 --> 00:45:45.980
the better data that those managers,
966
00:45:45.980 --> 00:45:48.850
whether it's state managers or federal managers,
967
00:45:48.850 --> 00:45:52.043
can have to make those decisions.
968
00:45:54.940 --> 00:45:55.940
Thank you.
969
00:45:56.810 --> 00:46:00.050
Next question: How does one police these regulations,
970
00:46:00.050 --> 00:46:02.283
especially in our current climate?
971
00:46:03.800 --> 00:46:05.013
Yeah, great question.
972
00:46:08.620 --> 00:46:10.960
I've got a few answers.
973
00:46:10.960 --> 00:46:14.253
In one sense, we've seen places around the world
974
00:46:14.253 --> 00:46:18.330
that are, you know, developing countries,
975
00:46:18.330 --> 00:46:22.110
small-scale fisheries, where if you build in
976
00:46:22.110 --> 00:46:23.620
the right level of incentives
977
00:46:23.620 --> 00:46:27.230
and the right community engagement,
978
00:46:27.230 --> 00:46:30.820
there's a lot of self-policing that actually takes place,
979
00:46:30.820 --> 00:46:33.680
where if they see illegal fishers,
980
00:46:33.680 --> 00:46:36.453
or if they see people that don't have permits,
981
00:46:38.940 --> 00:46:40.930
they can actually address those folks
982
00:46:40.930 --> 00:46:44.090
in the community or that they can work with
983
00:46:45.010 --> 00:46:50.010
the right, like, wardens or whatever they might be called
984
00:46:50.220 --> 00:46:54.400
in that part of the world, to police those issues.
985
00:46:54.400 --> 00:46:58.160
There's also technology that is emerging
986
00:46:58.160 --> 00:47:00.030
in so many different ways.
987
00:47:00.030 --> 00:47:01.950
There's some areas where actual
988
00:47:01.950 --> 00:47:04.790
satellite images can be used to police.
989
00:47:04.790 --> 00:47:07.620
There's some really neat examples of hydroacoustics,
990
00:47:07.620 --> 00:47:09.060
where they can actually sense the difference
991
00:47:09.060 --> 00:47:12.050
between a small vessel or a large vessel
992
00:47:12.050 --> 00:47:13.880
that might be like a large commercial vessel
993
00:47:13.880 --> 00:47:16.300
that's coming in from another fishery.
994
00:47:16.300 --> 00:47:19.630
And so it's a tough nut to crack.
995
00:47:19.630 --> 00:47:22.010
But, there's a lot of great resources
996
00:47:22.010 --> 00:47:23.410
that are emerging out there.
997
00:47:27.860 --> 00:47:29.070
Thank you.
998
00:47:29.070 --> 00:47:31.200
Next question: What are your thoughts
999
00:47:31.200 --> 00:47:34.190
on fishing nets that are expelled into the ocean?
1000
00:47:34.190 --> 00:47:36.570
I heard they're a big contributor in harming animals
1001
00:47:36.570 --> 00:47:37.913
like whales, for example.
1002
00:47:39.760 --> 00:47:40.783
Yeah, absolutely.
1003
00:47:41.661 --> 00:47:45.000
There's some nets that are set for fishing.
1004
00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:47.000
And I think there's been a lot of great
1005
00:47:47.000 --> 00:47:50.280
progress made over the last 10+ years
1006
00:47:54.170 --> 00:47:58.900
to more intelligently set regulations around nets.
1007
00:47:58.900 --> 00:48:01.410
There are some really small, small-scale fisheries
1008
00:48:01.410 --> 00:48:03.663
around the world where there's been,
1009
00:48:05.290 --> 00:48:08.090
where there's been discussions about
1010
00:48:08.090 --> 00:48:10.750
or trying to advance net bans,
1011
00:48:10.750 --> 00:48:13.507
and I think those need to be approached
1012
00:48:13.507 --> 00:48:15.960
from a sustainability component,
1013
00:48:15.960 --> 00:48:19.460
but also talking about the socioeconomic implications,
1014
00:48:19.460 --> 00:48:21.030
and where do those fishers go
1015
00:48:21.030 --> 00:48:24.640
when their net bans have been set up,
1016
00:48:24.640 --> 00:48:25.940
and that's a tricky issue.
1017
00:48:26.980 --> 00:48:29.510
The other piece is ghost fisheries,
1018
00:48:29.510 --> 00:48:31.350
or ghost fishing, where those nets
1019
00:48:32.360 --> 00:48:34.680
are no longer being tended.
1020
00:48:34.680 --> 00:48:37.490
And that's a huge issue.
1021
00:48:37.490 --> 00:48:41.940
EDF doesn't work on ghost fishing problems, but
1022
00:48:47.450 --> 00:48:49.470
there's a lot of focus that needs to be brought
1023
00:48:49.470 --> 00:48:53.723
within the community, as well within the regulations.
1024
00:48:55.020 --> 00:48:56.310
Can't go any deeper than that,
1025
00:48:56.310 --> 00:48:58.710
'cause I'm not an expert on that side of things.
1026
00:49:01.760 --> 00:49:03.280
All right, we have an apology, everyone.
1027
00:49:03.280 --> 00:49:05.120
We turned off the column for putting
1028
00:49:05.120 --> 00:49:06.200
the little question marks in.
1029
00:49:06.200 --> 00:49:08.550
It apparently turned off the question box.
1030
00:49:08.550 --> 00:49:10.690
So we have reopened the question box folks.
1031
00:49:10.690 --> 00:49:12.840
I'm sorry about that technical difficulty.
1032
00:49:12.840 --> 00:49:14.920
Please type in any questions you have
1033
00:49:14.920 --> 00:49:16.120
in the question box, you should be able
1034
00:49:16.120 --> 00:49:18.543
to find that again in your control panel.
1035
00:49:19.720 --> 00:49:21.260
Next question we have is what role
1036
00:49:21.260 --> 00:49:24.363
do marine-protected areas play in fishery management?
1037
00:49:25.330 --> 00:49:26.920
Yeah, great question.
1038
00:49:26.920 --> 00:49:31.390
So there's a spectrum of protections around
1039
00:49:32.290 --> 00:49:34.770
sanctuaries and marine-protected areas,
1040
00:49:34.770 --> 00:49:36.410
and there's actually some really neat reports
1041
00:49:36.410 --> 00:49:39.810
that have come out in the last couple months
1042
00:49:39.810 --> 00:49:43.490
that talk about, when you're gonna be talking about
1043
00:49:43.490 --> 00:49:47.250
like 30x30, protecting 30% of the world's oceans
1044
00:49:47.250 --> 00:49:52.250
by 2030, or 30% of even the US oceans by 2030.
1045
00:49:52.510 --> 00:49:53.470
What does that mean?
1046
00:49:53.470 --> 00:49:54.600
What do protections mean?
1047
00:49:54.600 --> 00:49:57.460
And so I'd say on one end of the spectrum,
1048
00:49:57.460 --> 00:50:00.403
there's complete closure of fishing,
1049
00:50:04.138 --> 00:50:06.560
and those areas, there's some science out there
1050
00:50:06.560 --> 00:50:08.340
that shows that those areas are
1051
00:50:10.640 --> 00:50:15.640
really great at generating new biomass,
1052
00:50:15.988 --> 00:50:18.280
and in that you start to get the spillover effect
1053
00:50:18.280 --> 00:50:20.830
where those fish then spill over into the area
1054
00:50:20.830 --> 00:50:22.163
where fishing is allowed.
1055
00:50:23.220 --> 00:50:25.870
There are some instances like the Flower Garden Banks
1056
00:50:25.870 --> 00:50:28.433
where certain types of fishing are not allowed.
1057
00:50:29.340 --> 00:50:32.260
There's also, the Flower Garden Banks has
1058
00:50:32.260 --> 00:50:35.380
no anchoring allowed, so there's a really strong
1059
00:50:35.380 --> 00:50:38.130
protection for the habitat itself.
1060
00:50:38.130 --> 00:50:42.563
And that can also have additional benefits beyond just,
1061
00:50:44.860 --> 00:50:49.750
to a degree below, complete closure of fishing
1062
00:50:49.750 --> 00:50:51.163
at a protected area.
1063
00:50:53.710 --> 00:50:55.430
Like I said, there's some great science out there
1064
00:50:55.430 --> 00:50:58.420
that talks about the different spectrums.
1065
00:50:58.420 --> 00:51:00.450
And again, I encourage folks to think about
1066
00:51:00.450 --> 00:51:01.593
that human element.
1067
00:51:02.680 --> 00:51:05.810
What are the ramifications of setting up a sanctuary,
1068
00:51:05.810 --> 00:51:08.380
especially in like a developing country
1069
00:51:12.139 --> 00:51:13.920
where those fish, or the seafood,
1070
00:51:13.920 --> 00:51:16.150
is a core component of
1071
00:51:16.150 --> 00:51:17.850
the protein that those people get.
1072
00:51:18.740 --> 00:51:22.080
Is there a way to intelligently design
1073
00:51:23.150 --> 00:51:26.240
that protected area so that it still meets
1074
00:51:27.130 --> 00:51:30.760
the societal needs, but also generates
1075
00:51:30.760 --> 00:51:32.980
the protections and the long-term sustainability
1076
00:51:32.980 --> 00:51:34.180
that you're looking for?
1077
00:51:36.250 --> 00:51:38.580
Okay, next question.
1078
00:51:38.580 --> 00:51:41.823
Are there ways to reduce bycatch that is being destroyed?
1079
00:51:43.910 --> 00:51:46.940
Yeah, bycatch is
1080
00:51:46.940 --> 00:51:49.630
a really critical piece of fisheries management.
1081
00:51:49.630 --> 00:51:51.150
We didn't touch on it here,
1082
00:51:51.150 --> 00:51:54.170
but there are a lot of different strategies
1083
00:51:54.170 --> 00:51:56.433
to work on bycatch.
1084
00:51:57.320 --> 00:51:58.580
In some areas you can take more of
1085
00:51:58.580 --> 00:52:01.140
an ecosystem-based management approach
1086
00:52:01.140 --> 00:52:03.450
and look at multi-fisheries management
1087
00:52:03.450 --> 00:52:06.300
where you're not managing a bag limit,
1088
00:52:06.300 --> 00:52:09.156
or a daily limit for just one species,
1089
00:52:09.156 --> 00:52:10.810
but you're starting to look at
1090
00:52:10.810 --> 00:52:12.760
all the species that are caught together,
1091
00:52:12.760 --> 00:52:16.970
and starting to build regulations around
1092
00:52:16.970 --> 00:52:21.240
maybe the most susceptible of those species.
1093
00:52:21.240 --> 00:52:23.020
So for instance, like red snapper's a great
1094
00:52:23.020 --> 00:52:24.270
example in the Gulf.
1095
00:52:24.270 --> 00:52:26.300
A lot of folks are catching amberjack at the same time
1096
00:52:26.300 --> 00:52:28.600
they're catching red snapper,
1097
00:52:28.600 --> 00:52:31.905
but the amberjack season doesn't perfectly overlap
1098
00:52:31.905 --> 00:52:33.810
with the red snapper season.
1099
00:52:33.810 --> 00:52:35.510
So there's a good amount of times,
1100
00:52:36.607 --> 00:52:38.590
whether it's, well, on the rotational side
1101
00:52:38.590 --> 00:52:39.460
where you have to throw back an amberjack
1102
00:52:39.460 --> 00:52:41.330
or you'll have to throw back a red snapper
1103
00:52:41.330 --> 00:52:43.340
depending on the season.
1104
00:52:43.340 --> 00:52:45.500
We've also seen fishing quotas
1105
00:52:45.500 --> 00:52:50.120
around the world where fishermen will have
1106
00:52:50.120 --> 00:52:53.080
a certain amount of quota around these
1107
00:52:53.080 --> 00:52:57.360
multi-species management, and you've actually seen
1108
00:52:57.360 --> 00:53:00.323
a lot of instances where bycatch is reduced,
1109
00:53:01.230 --> 00:53:03.320
whether it's a small-scale fishery
1110
00:53:03.320 --> 00:53:05.750
or larger-scale fishery,
1111
00:53:05.750 --> 00:53:07.993
move toward these quota approaches.
1112
00:53:10.180 --> 00:53:11.180
Thank you.
1113
00:53:12.320 --> 00:53:14.640
How can we inspire hope in our students
1114
00:53:14.640 --> 00:53:17.223
who are overwhelmed with climate change?
1115
00:53:18.930 --> 00:53:21.220
Yeah, that is a great question.
1116
00:53:21.220 --> 00:53:24.220
And I talked to some folks through the Artist Boat
1117
00:53:24.220 --> 00:53:27.500
Program this last year, and I think
1118
00:53:27.500 --> 00:53:29.910
one thing that's really critical is
1119
00:53:31.900 --> 00:53:34.530
we're getting really good at teaching
1120
00:53:34.530 --> 00:53:37.080
the science around climate change,
1121
00:53:37.080 --> 00:53:40.570
but often we present it solely as the science,
1122
00:53:40.570 --> 00:53:42.620
and we don't talk about coping mechanisms,
1123
00:53:42.620 --> 00:53:44.900
and we don't talk about how does this,
1124
00:53:44.900 --> 00:53:47.024
how does this make you feel?
1125
00:53:47.024 --> 00:53:49.070
And I think those are really important
1126
00:53:49.070 --> 00:53:50.460
when you're talking about something
1127
00:53:50.460 --> 00:53:52.510
that's at the global level,
1128
00:53:52.510 --> 00:53:54.120
that's gonna impact everybody's
1129
00:53:55.110 --> 00:53:58.960
life in one way or another, impact livelihoods.
1130
00:53:58.960 --> 00:54:01.080
And I think it's important to remind folks
1131
00:54:01.080 --> 00:54:04.050
that there are some things that are going to change,
1132
00:54:04.050 --> 00:54:05.400
but there's a lot of things
1133
00:54:06.698 --> 00:54:08.730
that can't be impacted by climate change, right?
1134
00:54:08.730 --> 00:54:10.720
Family is still gonna be hugely important.
1135
00:54:10.720 --> 00:54:14.120
Community is still gonna be hugely important,
1136
00:54:14.120 --> 00:54:16.100
the importance of art and education,
1137
00:54:16.100 --> 00:54:18.120
and a lot of the things that have advanced
1138
00:54:18.120 --> 00:54:21.840
civilization are still gonna be really critical pieces.
1139
00:54:21.840 --> 00:54:24.570
And so not just talking about the science,
1140
00:54:24.570 --> 00:54:27.010
and not just talking about the changes to come,
1141
00:54:27.010 --> 00:54:28.380
but also talk about
1142
00:54:29.440 --> 00:54:31.340
what are the things that will still be
1143
00:54:32.670 --> 00:54:34.203
prevalent in society.
1144
00:54:35.290 --> 00:54:37.863
We can also talk about individual actions.
1145
00:54:40.120 --> 00:54:42.010
You know, there's so many different ways
1146
00:54:42.010 --> 00:54:44.910
to be more sustainable in seafood,
1147
00:54:44.910 --> 00:54:48.860
but also in so many other ways that we consume.
1148
00:54:48.860 --> 00:54:52.350
And one of the other ways I would say is just get outdoors.
1149
00:54:52.350 --> 00:54:53.920
There's so much science that shows
1150
00:54:53.920 --> 00:54:58.920
the more a student or a person of any age is outdoors,
1151
00:55:03.157 --> 00:55:05.250
the stronger the connection to that place,
1152
00:55:05.250 --> 00:55:06.320
that sense of place.
1153
00:55:06.320 --> 00:55:09.590
And with that, you start to see increased conservation,
1154
00:55:09.590 --> 00:55:12.770
increased stewardship, and encourage folks
1155
00:55:12.770 --> 00:55:14.900
to disconnect from tech and just spend
1156
00:55:14.900 --> 00:55:16.380
a little bit of time outside.
1157
00:55:16.380 --> 00:55:18.350
In Japan, they have this really neat thing
1158
00:55:18.350 --> 00:55:21.310
called shinrin-yoku, I think that's right,
1159
00:55:21.310 --> 00:55:22.420
which is forest bathing.
1160
00:55:22.420 --> 00:55:23.610
And basically you just go out,
1161
00:55:23.610 --> 00:55:24.600
and you just sit in the forest
1162
00:55:24.600 --> 00:55:27.203
and kind of soak in and look about you,
1163
00:55:28.798 --> 00:55:30.540
and totally disconnect from electronics.
1164
00:55:30.540 --> 00:55:32.620
And that's a great example of
1165
00:55:33.736 --> 00:55:36.630
just being able to get out, connect with the environment,
1166
00:55:36.630 --> 00:55:39.640
and through that, you also notice a lot of
1167
00:55:39.640 --> 00:55:41.220
kinda internal stress relief,
1168
00:55:41.220 --> 00:55:42.840
but also connection to that place
1169
00:55:42.840 --> 00:55:45.070
where you're gonna think more about
1170
00:55:45.070 --> 00:55:47.020
conservation and long-term stewardship.
1171
00:55:49.040 --> 00:55:49.873
Thank you, Sepp.
1172
00:55:49.873 --> 00:55:51.990
I think that's a great question to end on.
1173
00:55:51.990 --> 00:55:53.490
We've got a few more things to cover
1174
00:55:53.490 --> 00:55:55.670
before we wrap things up.
1175
00:55:55.670 --> 00:55:58.400
Folks, depending on the number of questions remaining,
1176
00:55:58.400 --> 00:55:59.950
we will attempt to get them answered
1177
00:55:59.950 --> 00:56:02.490
after the webinar ends and email out responses,
1178
00:56:02.490 --> 00:56:04.530
but that's gonna depend on how many questions we have
1179
00:56:04.530 --> 00:56:06.330
and how much time we have.
1180
00:56:06.330 --> 00:56:08.030
Please also remember to check out the links
1181
00:56:08.030 --> 00:56:09.810
we shared with you throughout the presentation
1182
00:56:09.810 --> 00:56:13.150
to help you find more information on your own.
1183
00:56:13.150 --> 00:56:15.420
As a reminder, we have provided a Pathways
1184
00:56:15.420 --> 00:56:17.240
for Climate Ready Fisheries document
1185
00:56:17.240 --> 00:56:20.380
in the Handouts pane of the control panel,
1186
00:56:20.380 --> 00:56:22.140
and if you haven't yet downloaded this item,
1187
00:56:22.140 --> 00:56:23.983
now would be a good time to do that.
1188
00:56:25.170 --> 00:56:28.490
Thank you for attending the Seaside Chats presentation
1189
00:56:28.490 --> 00:56:31.220
on Paradise Lost?: Future Fisheries
1190
00:56:31.220 --> 00:56:32.990
in a Climate-Driven Gulf.
1191
00:56:32.990 --> 00:56:35.710
This is the second in a series of four presentations
1192
00:56:35.710 --> 00:56:38.030
we are offering this month, and we invite you
1193
00:56:38.030 --> 00:56:39.520
to register for the remaining chats
1194
00:56:39.520 --> 00:56:43.910
by visiting us on the web at flowergarden.noaa.gov.
1195
00:56:43.910 --> 00:56:45.480
We promise that the other topics
1196
00:56:45.480 --> 00:56:48.400
will be just as engaging and informative.
1197
00:56:48.400 --> 00:56:49.850
You can see there on the screen
1198
00:56:49.850 --> 00:56:52.860
we have one next week on Discovering Climate History
1199
00:56:52.860 --> 00:56:54.580
in Coral Skeletons.
1200
00:56:54.580 --> 00:56:57.030
In other words, the tree ring-type growth
1201
00:56:57.030 --> 00:57:00.180
in a coral skeleton has a lot to tell us,
1202
00:57:00.180 --> 00:57:02.410
and we're gonna explore that aspect next week
1203
00:57:02.410 --> 00:57:05.630
with Kristine DeLong from LSU,
1204
00:57:05.630 --> 00:57:07.010
and then the following week,
1205
00:57:07.010 --> 00:57:09.620
How Humpback Whales Feed Hawaii.
1206
00:57:09.620 --> 00:57:12.290
It's not about eating whales, please don't misunderstand.
1207
00:57:12.290 --> 00:57:14.240
It's about how the whales being
1208
00:57:14.240 --> 00:57:16.370
in that ocean environment around Hawaii
1209
00:57:16.370 --> 00:57:18.993
helps the rest of the ecosystem flourish.
1210
00:57:20.100 --> 00:57:23.130
We also welcome any feedback or further questions.
1211
00:57:23.130 --> 00:57:24.790
You can submit input by replying to
1212
00:57:24.790 --> 00:57:27.510
the follow up email you'll receive after the webinar
1213
00:57:27.510 --> 00:57:31.423
or by emailing us at FlowerGarden@NOAA.gov.
1214
00:57:33.780 --> 00:57:35.840
Today's presentation has also been part of
1215
00:57:35.840 --> 00:57:38.900
the National Marine Sanctuaries Webinar Series.
1216
00:57:38.900 --> 00:57:41.090
While Seaside Chats last just one month,
1217
00:57:41.090 --> 00:57:44.290
our National Webinar Series continues throughout the year
1218
00:57:44.290 --> 00:57:46.250
to provide educators with educational
1219
00:57:46.250 --> 00:57:48.640
and scientific expertise, resources,
1220
00:57:48.640 --> 00:57:50.490
and training to support ocean
1221
00:57:50.490 --> 00:57:52.800
and climate literacy in the classroom.
1222
00:57:52.800 --> 00:57:54.970
Of course, they are open to everyone.
1223
00:57:54.970 --> 00:57:56.830
Be sure to check the website for recordings
1224
00:57:56.830 --> 00:58:00.440
of past webinars and the schedule of what's to come.
1225
00:58:00.440 --> 00:58:02.090
The recording from today's webinar
1226
00:58:02.090 --> 00:58:04.263
will also be added to that collection.
1227
00:58:05.290 --> 00:58:07.952
As a reminder, we will share the recording
1228
00:58:07.952 --> 00:58:11.340
of this webinar via our website, as well,
1229
00:58:11.340 --> 00:58:13.860
and you will see it on that National Marine Sanctuaries
1230
00:58:13.860 --> 00:58:16.023
Webinar Series web page.
1231
00:58:18.030 --> 00:58:20.240
Following this webinar, attendees will receive
1232
00:58:20.240 --> 00:58:23.080
a PDF copy of a certificate of attendance
1233
00:58:23.080 --> 00:58:25.220
that provides documentation for one hour
1234
00:58:25.220 --> 00:58:28.390
of professional development for today's presentation.
1235
00:58:28.390 --> 00:58:31.600
This includes our Texas CPE provider number
1236
00:58:31.600 --> 00:58:34.160
for those of you who are Texas educators.
1237
00:58:34.160 --> 00:58:36.100
If you are an educator outside of Texas,
1238
00:58:36.100 --> 00:58:37.820
please use the certificate to help get
1239
00:58:37.820 --> 00:58:40.400
your hours approved in your district.
1240
00:58:40.400 --> 00:58:42.520
If you require additional information,
1241
00:58:42.520 --> 00:58:46.253
please contact me at FlowerGarden@NOAA.gov.
1242
00:58:47.300 --> 00:58:49.000
There will also be a short evaluation
1243
00:58:49.000 --> 00:58:50.980
following today's presentation.
1244
00:58:50.980 --> 00:58:52.970
Please complete this survey immediately after
1245
00:58:52.970 --> 00:58:54.400
signing off the webinar.
1246
00:58:54.400 --> 00:58:56.560
It should only take about three minutes to complete,
1247
00:58:56.560 --> 00:58:59.010
and we greatly appreciate any feedback
1248
00:58:59.010 --> 00:59:00.403
you are willing to share.
1249
00:59:02.330 --> 00:59:03.630
Thanks again, Sepp.
1250
00:59:03.630 --> 00:59:05.350
It was a great presentation.
1251
00:59:05.350 --> 00:59:07.800
I loved how you had everybody type into the chat box,
1252
00:59:07.800 --> 00:59:09.870
even though it created quite a flood of information
1253
00:59:09.870 --> 00:59:11.610
for us all at one time.
1254
00:59:11.610 --> 00:59:13.130
It was a great way to be interactive
1255
00:59:13.130 --> 00:59:16.110
in our presentation about the Future Fisheries
1256
00:59:16.110 --> 00:59:17.890
in a Climate-Driven Gulf
1257
00:59:17.890 --> 00:59:21.110
and the potential impacts for the Gulf of Mexico.
1258
00:59:21.110 --> 00:59:24.740
And thanks to all of you for taking the time to join us.
1259
00:59:24.740 --> 00:59:26.933
This concludes today's webinar.