WEBVTT

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<v ->Welcome everyone.</v>

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We're so pleased that you're here joining us

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to be a part of our National Marine Sanctuaries

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webinar series.

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This series is hosted

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by the NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries.

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And it's a great way that we find

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that we can connect with educators

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and other interested people from around the world

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to provide you with some scientific expertise

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or educational materials,

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as well as resources and training that help support ocean

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and climate literacy with your audiences.

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So just a little bit of housekeeping to let you know,

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during the presentation, all attendees have joined us

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and you'll be muted and listen only mode.

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If you have any questions

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or if you're having any technical difficulties,

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feel free to enter that into the question box

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in the GoToWebinar control panel.

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If it is a technical issue, we'll help you on the side.

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And of course, if it's any questions,

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we'll make sure to include those in our Q &amp; A portion.

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We are recording today's session,

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and there will be an archive available online

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a few weeks after today's live event.

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And we'll share more about that.

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I did wanna let everyone know that we have

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just under 200 registrants for today's exciting webinar,

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and let's go ahead and get started.

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First, I'd like to introduce myself and my co-host.

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I'm Claire Fackler.

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I'm a national education liaison

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for the NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries.

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And I'm joined by our headquarter's education intern,

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Chloe McKenna, who's a student at Eckerd College.

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So a couple of introductory slides

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before we kick off our presentation.

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It's really exciting that the year of 2022

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is celebrating 50 years of ocean and coastal conservation.

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So 50 years ago in 1972,

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Congress passed really powerful legislation

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to help us protect the ocean and coast,

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legislation such as the Clean Water Act,

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the Marine Mammal Protection Act,

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and the Coastal Zone Management Act.

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And the fourth one is our National Marine Sanctuaries Act.

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So again, back in 1972,

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some of our strongest conservation language

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for ocean protection came to be.

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And so, we're celebrating 50 years of this,

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and we have a network of 15 national marine sanctuaries

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that are part of this marine protected area system,

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and two Marine national monuments.

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So each of the dots on this map represent those sanctuaries,

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and the triangles represent the monuments.

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And then we do have these yellow boxes on the map

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because as part of America the Beautiful and 30 by 30,

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which is the Biden Administration's goal

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of protecting 30% of public lands and waters by 2030,

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we are seeing our sanctuary system expand.

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So Lake Ontario in the Great Lakes and the Chumash Heritage

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proposed national marine sanctuaries

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are undergoing designation processes right now.

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And we'd love to hear your voice,

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'cause these are stakeholder-driven conversations,

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and we protect, right now as it stands,

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over 620,000 square miles of ocean

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and Great Lakes treasures as part of the sanctuary system.

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And as part of our 50th anniversary,

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our tagline is save spectacular.

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So anything you can do to help us save, protect,

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discover, explore, enjoy,

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spectacular is most appreciated.

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So a little bit more about sanctuaries.

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Each of these special ocean areas

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are set aside for a wide variety of reasons.

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In some cases, it's because of the incredible biodiversity

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that the site is protecting.

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In some cases, it's the cultural assets

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or the maritime heritage

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that these special ocean areas are protecting.

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But all said, they provide shelter

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and protection for some of our threatened

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and endangered marine life,

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like this Hawaiian green sea turtle.

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And our National Marine Sanctuary Act,

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which again, we're celebrating our 50th year come October,

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we're mandated to conduct education and outreach,

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as well as research and monitoring.

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And we do all of this to help protect the resources.

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So the plants and animals.

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And we wanna protect them now and for future generations.

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And so, not only are we trying to protect

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these special ocean areas,

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we want people like you to enjoy them and recreate in them.

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You can do things like kayak

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in your national marine sanctuary.

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And surprisingly, for many people,

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you can fish in many of our sanctuaries,

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snorkel,

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scuba dive,

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surf.

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You can get on a boat and view wildlife.

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And ultimately, we're hoping that through these interactions

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with these special ocean areas,

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our national marine sanctuaries or underwater parks

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and our monuments, that you might even be inspired

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to become a volunteer for us

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to help us preserve these places for now and for the future.

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All right, enough about all that.

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Let's go ahead and dive into today's presentation.

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I'm so pleased to have Justin Umholtz here with us today.

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Justin is the education coordinator

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at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center in Hilo.

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And he's working through

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the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation.

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He is representing

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the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

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And Justin has been an informal educator

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and a naturalist interpreter for all of his life.

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He's originally from beautiful Santa Rosa, California,

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and he now resides near his family

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on a small farm in Hilo, Hawai'i.

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So with that, Justin, we'll go ahead

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and hand you the controls

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and let you take away your presentation for today.

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<v ->Hi.</v>

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Thank you, Claire.

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Aloha mai kākou,

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Hello everyone.

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Just give me a second.

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Oh, it looks like it's up.

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Can you see that okay, Claire?

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<v ->Yeah, it looks great.</v>
<v ->Perfect.</v>

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So I'm honored to be here with you today

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and have the opportunity to share a little bit about

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our new coral check-up lesson series.

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It's a free curriculum that immerses students

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in coral reef conservation across the Hawaiian archipelago.

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So the material that I'm introducing you today

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is already live and available on our website.

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So I really encourage you to head over there after this

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to check it out and download it.

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Papahānaumokuakea.gov, and we'll be sharing

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a lot of links during this.

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As an educator, I love to share.

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Did the second slide go okay for me?

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Looks like it, okay.
<v ->Yes it did.</v>

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<v ->All right, thanks.</v>

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I always have a little bit of

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connectivity issues on Hawaiʻi island.

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Okay, as Claire mentioned,

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I work at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center

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with some great colleagues.

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We are currently closed due to the pandemic,

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but I'm really hoping we'll be able to welcome folks soon.

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So please come by and visit us in the near future.

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During non-pandemic years,

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we've been welcoming about 60 to 70,000 visitors a year,

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both a lot of local residents,

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and then people from all over the world.

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So it's a really fun job.

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And probably my favorite part

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is I get to interact with my colleagues

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and between 7,000 and 8,000 students a year,

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and engage them in our educational programming.

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So I really miss that and I look forward to it.

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So I'm very grateful to have you all here

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with me today as co-educators.

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If you were physically to come visit

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Mokupāpapa Discovery Center for an education program,

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I've been taught here to,

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that it's important to set the space

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for the giving and receiving of knowledge

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by conducting protocol through oli,

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which is the Hawaiian word for chant.

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And as I like the way my colleague describes it,

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chant incorporates traditional Hawaiian ecological knowledge

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through poetic verse.

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So this chant is titled, Puka Mai Ka La.

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(clapping hands)

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(chanting in Hawaiian)

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And what is amazing about oli

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and other forms of oral history here

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is that there's an incredible amount of information

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embedded within these lines.

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And so, just this short oli that I shared with you today

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actually takes you and describes

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the journey one would take from Hawai'i island,

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where I'm located,

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all the way out to the last coral atoll of Hōlanikū,

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which is part of the Hawaiian archipelago as well.

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And you'll be learning more about that later,

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if you're not familiar with it.

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I did wanna take a minute to also just acknowledge,

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this month is African American History Month,

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and here in Hawai'i, it's also Hawaiian Language Month.

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So I definitely wanna honor the generations of educators

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and advocates who have worked tirelessly

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to ensure that keiki,

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the children here and everyone

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has the foundational knowledge of the language of the land

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after it was historically suppressed.

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So, E ola mau ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi!,

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let the Hawaiian language live forever.

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I'm definitely learning.

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So as Claire, again, already kind of showed you,

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here's our sanctuary map,

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but I did wanna focus in on Papahānaumokuākea.

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We are way out in the middle of the Pacific.

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You can see that we have a sister sanctuary,

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Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whales National Marine Sanctuary.

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That actually protects a series of very important

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calving grounds for humpback whales when they migrate here,

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which is right now and been seeing

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some really amazing activity out on the water.

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But if you look farther up to the northwest,

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you're gonna see Papahānaumokuākea.

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And so, Papahānaumokuākea actually protects the farther,

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older Northwestern Hawaiian islands.

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You may have also noticed that yellow square

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that Claire was referencing

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as proposed sites for sanctuary status.

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So we are already a Marine National Monument,

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which occurs through presidential proclamation.

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And then we are currently in the very beginning stages

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of National Marine Sanctuary designation as well.

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So I'd encourage you to go to our website,

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and we actually have an information page

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that will tell you more about the designation process

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and how you can share your views on that.

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So the Northwestern Hawaiian islands

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are often called the Kūpuna Islands here,

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which in Hawaiian means the elder islands,

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and they hold a very important place in Hawaiian cosmogony.

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They also are geologically

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the oldest islands of the Hawaiian archipelago.

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And so, if you look way to the northwest

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where it says, Hōlanikū, or in English,

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Kure Atoll, the younger English name,

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that currently small, low-elevation coral atoll

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was actually formed over the same Hawaiian hotspot

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that is currently erupting and building Hawai'i island,

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just 28 million years ago.

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And so, the breadth of this archipelago

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is one of the key focal points of this curriculum

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is really making sure that students and all of us

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are connecting to this entire rich archipelago.

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Papahānaumokuākea protects vast coral reefs,

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important archeological sites, sacred native Hawaiian sites,

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and is home to thousands and thousands

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of both terrestrial and marine species.

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The deeper in the water you go,

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as our Dr. Kosaki always tells me,

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the higher the endemic rate based off of their research.

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So this is really exciting.

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You may also notice that most of our

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protected area is open ocean.

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And so, somewhere around 98% of Papahānaumokuākea

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is protecting open ocean and the unexplored deep ocean.

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And as educators,

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I wanna make sure you're aware of the website,

264
00:12:46.600 --> 00:12:48.670
the new website just launched in last year,

265
00:12:48.670 --> 00:12:50.660
the Deep Ocean Education Project.

266
00:12:50.660 --> 00:12:53.810
You can see the link there on the slide.

267
00:12:53.810 --> 00:12:55.827
It's an amazing collaboration

268
00:12:55.827 --> 00:12:59.900
and compilation of resources

269
00:12:59.900 --> 00:13:03.080
from the three major organizations, including NOAA,

270
00:13:03.080 --> 00:13:06.380
that are doing deep ocean exploration currently

271
00:13:06.380 --> 00:13:08.800
all across the world.

272
00:13:08.800 --> 00:13:10.883
You can see them up in the upper left.

273
00:13:12.070 --> 00:13:13.020
And this is geared,

274
00:13:13.020 --> 00:13:16.010
this website is specifically geared for teachers.

275
00:13:16.010 --> 00:13:21.010
You can access a lot of cool lesson plans, video clips,

276
00:13:21.860 --> 00:13:23.480
all of which you can organize

277
00:13:23.480 --> 00:13:24.610
and curate in your own account,

278
00:13:24.610 --> 00:13:26.270
and then share with your students

279
00:13:26.270 --> 00:13:27.810
or share with colleagues as you go.

280
00:13:27.810 --> 00:13:30.720
So it's a really important tool that just came out,

281
00:13:30.720 --> 00:13:33.750
and it also lets you follow live footage

282
00:13:33.750 --> 00:13:35.280
of deep ocean exploration.

283
00:13:35.280 --> 00:13:36.880
And I'm gonna take a minute to plug that

284
00:13:36.880 --> 00:13:39.780
because the Exploration Vessel Nautilus

285
00:13:39.780 --> 00:13:44.210
is actually gonna be in Papahānaumokuākea this April.

286
00:13:44.210 --> 00:13:47.440
So if you go to their website, nautiluslive.org,

287
00:13:47.440 --> 00:13:49.830
you can learn more about the expedition,

288
00:13:49.830 --> 00:13:51.620
and you can also follow live,

289
00:13:51.620 --> 00:13:54.320
when they have their ROV down thousands of meters,

290
00:13:54.320 --> 00:13:57.570
you can actually be there seeing it in near-real time.

291
00:13:57.570 --> 00:14:01.330
Your students can type in questions to the control box crew

292
00:14:01.330 --> 00:14:04.180
and they'll get to it as soon as they can.

293
00:14:04.180 --> 00:14:07.750
And you can even set up ship-to-shore live interactions

294
00:14:07.750 --> 00:14:12.530
between your class or group and the crew that's on the ship,

295
00:14:12.530 --> 00:14:17.450
even requesting whether it's ROV engineers,

296
00:14:17.450 --> 00:14:20.640
videographers, science and data-focused folks.

297
00:14:20.640 --> 00:14:23.160
It's really an amazing opportunity.

298
00:14:23.160 --> 00:14:25.180
So I hope you'll take advantage of it,

299
00:14:25.180 --> 00:14:28.210
especially while they're in Papahānaumokuākea.

300
00:14:28.210 --> 00:14:31.730
A very exciting collaboration and improvement

301
00:14:31.730 --> 00:14:34.100
to this whole relationship has been the expansion

302
00:14:34.100 --> 00:14:37.280
or the creation of material and opportunities

303
00:14:37.280 --> 00:14:39.450
in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, in Hawaiian.

304
00:14:39.450 --> 00:14:41.350
And so, if you go to that ship-to-shore link,

305
00:14:41.350 --> 00:14:43.560
which will be going into the chat box,

306
00:14:43.560 --> 00:14:45.280
there's an option to select

307
00:14:45.280 --> 00:14:48.440
those experiences in Hawaiian, in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi.

308
00:14:48.440 --> 00:14:50.440
There's materials that are being created.

309
00:14:50.440 --> 00:14:52.680
And I believe some other opportunities

310
00:14:52.680 --> 00:14:56.730
of Hawaiian narration during some of the live dives.

311
00:14:56.730 --> 00:14:58.010
So a lot of this is very new

312
00:14:58.010 --> 00:15:00.330
and still being formed and created,

313
00:15:00.330 --> 00:15:03.660
really exciting, and my hat's off to everybody involved.

314
00:15:03.660 --> 00:15:06.060
So let's get down to the curriculum now.

315
00:15:06.060 --> 00:15:08.693
We'll get back to the shallow coral reefs.

316
00:15:09.780 --> 00:15:13.670
The link, if we could throw that into the chat, Chloe,

317
00:15:13.670 --> 00:15:15.390
this link, as I said, is live,

318
00:15:15.390 --> 00:15:18.150
and I'm gonna show you the kind of components,

319
00:15:18.150 --> 00:15:19.360
but this is really geared toward

320
00:15:19.360 --> 00:15:22.060
immersing students in existing,

321
00:15:22.060 --> 00:15:25.490
really cool NOAA resources and partner resources

322
00:15:25.490 --> 00:15:28.340
that bring the coral reef to life

323
00:15:28.340 --> 00:15:30.260
because these are areas that are really hard to visit,

324
00:15:30.260 --> 00:15:32.990
especially within the monument, because it's so remote.

325
00:15:32.990 --> 00:15:35.410
It's geared toward middle schoolers.

326
00:15:35.410 --> 00:15:36.610
But I think would easily,

327
00:15:36.610 --> 00:15:37.970
with a little bit of extra support,

328
00:15:37.970 --> 00:15:39.370
work for upper elementary,

329
00:15:39.370 --> 00:15:41.760
and could be bumped up to early high school

330
00:15:41.760 --> 00:15:43.520
with just a little bit higher expectations

331
00:15:43.520 --> 00:15:45.420
of what the students are sharing back.

332
00:15:47.020 --> 00:15:50.030
My plan for this presentation is to give you

333
00:15:50.030 --> 00:15:52.410
a brief overview of the curriculum

334
00:15:52.410 --> 00:15:53.460
since you can download it

335
00:15:53.460 --> 00:15:55.890
and look at it in more detail later.

336
00:15:55.890 --> 00:15:57.730
We'll take a little poll, if folks would like.

337
00:15:57.730 --> 00:16:00.570
I'll cover some brief coral bleaching basics,

338
00:16:00.570 --> 00:16:02.360
and then I'm gonna just walk you through

339
00:16:02.360 --> 00:16:03.930
a couple of the key resources

340
00:16:03.930 --> 00:16:06.620
that we have students access and engage with

341
00:16:06.620 --> 00:16:08.610
that really are amazing.

342
00:16:08.610 --> 00:16:11.210
And I'm excited to show you.

343
00:16:11.210 --> 00:16:13.313
So let's take the first poll.

344
00:16:14.350 --> 00:16:15.330
Who's joining us today?

345
00:16:15.330 --> 00:16:17.010
I wanna make sure I'm speaking to our audience

346
00:16:17.010 --> 00:16:20.540
and get a good sense of where you're coming from.

347
00:16:20.540 --> 00:16:21.373
<v Claire>Excellent.</v>

348
00:16:21.373 --> 00:16:22.430
We have launched that poll.

349
00:16:22.430 --> 00:16:24.410
If you happen to be in full-screen mode,

350
00:16:24.410 --> 00:16:26.280
you might be wondering, where's the poll?

351
00:16:26.280 --> 00:16:27.750
So go ahead and escape out of that,

352
00:16:27.750 --> 00:16:29.970
so you can respond to the poll.

353
00:16:29.970 --> 00:16:32.440
And it's asking, yeah, who's joining us today?

354
00:16:32.440 --> 00:16:35.530
Are you a classroom teacher, an informal educator?

355
00:16:35.530 --> 00:16:37.450
Are you in a support role for educators,

356
00:16:37.450 --> 00:16:38.460
or you're not an educator,

357
00:16:38.460 --> 00:16:39.650
but you just were interested

358
00:16:39.650 --> 00:16:41.523
in learning more about the topic?

359
00:16:42.460 --> 00:16:46.453
So looks like voting is almost at 80% completed here.

360
00:16:48.840 --> 00:16:51.230
So we'll give you about three more seconds

361
00:16:51.230 --> 00:16:54.813
to log in your poll here.

362
00:16:58.210 --> 00:16:59.550
All righty.

363
00:16:59.550 --> 00:17:01.980
So Justin, are you able to see the results?

364
00:17:01.980 --> 00:17:03.930
If not, I can talk you through them.

365
00:17:03.930 --> 00:17:04.763
<v ->I can.</v>

366
00:17:04.763 --> 00:17:06.000
Yeah, that's a cool mix.

367
00:17:06.000 --> 00:17:06.970
That's great.

368
00:17:06.970 --> 00:17:09.523
It looks like some of everyone, every category.

369
00:17:11.514 --> 00:17:12.537
So that is great.

370
00:17:12.537 --> 00:17:14.650
And so, I guess what I would say before I move on

371
00:17:14.650 --> 00:17:19.520
is just that this really works for all of you.

372
00:17:19.520 --> 00:17:22.070
This would be fun to do if you just are interested.

373
00:17:23.020 --> 00:17:26.680
I think it would work great as like a,

374
00:17:26.680 --> 00:17:28.670
if you're working with a group kind of informally

375
00:17:28.670 --> 00:17:30.670
who are really wanting to focus on this,

376
00:17:31.610 --> 00:17:33.370
or if you're a classroom teacher,

377
00:17:33.370 --> 00:17:37.220
if, I hope not, we ever have to just go fully virtual again,

378
00:17:37.220 --> 00:17:38.690
this would work 100% virtually

379
00:17:38.690 --> 00:17:40.930
as long as you could video in

380
00:17:40.930 --> 00:17:43.120
to support your students every now and again.

381
00:17:43.120 --> 00:17:45.020
But I think the best would be

382
00:17:45.020 --> 00:17:47.520
if you get to work with your students

383
00:17:47.520 --> 00:17:49.650
for a while in class to get them started,

384
00:17:49.650 --> 00:17:51.880
and then in small groups or individually,

385
00:17:51.880 --> 00:17:52.870
they can then go on and do

386
00:17:52.870 --> 00:17:54.830
a lot of this online on their own.

387
00:17:54.830 --> 00:17:56.620
And then just kind of checking back in.

388
00:17:56.620 --> 00:18:00.800
So great, I'll try to speak to kind of every situation.

389
00:18:00.800 --> 00:18:02.570
If you have any questions as I'm going along,

390
00:18:02.570 --> 00:18:04.690
please type them in the question box.

391
00:18:04.690 --> 00:18:05.940
And I'm gonna try to leave some time

392
00:18:05.940 --> 00:18:08.003
at the end to go over that.

393
00:18:09.843 --> 00:18:13.950
So we're gonna be talking about coral today in Hawai'i.

394
00:18:13.950 --> 00:18:15.720
And I just wanna start by honoring

395
00:18:15.720 --> 00:18:17.500
and acknowledging the fact that Native Hawaiians

396
00:18:17.500 --> 00:18:18.640
have long viewed

397
00:18:18.640 --> 00:18:22.210
and sustainably managed coral reefs as vital ecosystems.

398
00:18:22.210 --> 00:18:25.790
So this image that you're seeing is actually one part

399
00:18:25.790 --> 00:18:28.830
of a much longer mural that we house

400
00:18:28.830 --> 00:18:30.850
at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center.

401
00:18:30.850 --> 00:18:33.390
It was created by the artist Kahi Ching,

402
00:18:33.390 --> 00:18:37.030
and this is his interpretation

403
00:18:37.030 --> 00:18:39.963
of the Hawaiian creation chant called Ke Kumulipo.

404
00:18:40.950 --> 00:18:45.853
This is actually over 2,000 lines of oral history.

405
00:18:46.730 --> 00:18:48.050
That line that I have printed there

406
00:18:48.050 --> 00:18:49.970
is one of the early ones, Hānau ka ʻukukoʻakoʻa,

407
00:18:51.570 --> 00:18:53.550
Born is the coral polyp.

408
00:18:53.550 --> 00:18:57.120
And so, as I've been taught, from lipo,

409
00:18:57.120 --> 00:18:59.473
from primordial deep blue darkness,

410
00:19:00.440 --> 00:19:02.740
the Kumulipo describes how life evolved

411
00:19:02.740 --> 00:19:05.790
from this first simple coral polyp

412
00:19:05.790 --> 00:19:07.823
to the complexity and diversity of life

413
00:19:07.823 --> 00:19:09.250
that we see around us.

414
00:19:09.250 --> 00:19:11.020
And that includes us.

415
00:19:11.020 --> 00:19:12.210
And so, what's amazing to me

416
00:19:12.210 --> 00:19:14.160
is that this was an evolutionary theory

417
00:19:14.160 --> 00:19:16.790
that established inner species relationships

418
00:19:16.790 --> 00:19:18.963
and responsibilities for stewardship.

419
00:19:19.890 --> 00:19:21.900
And so, I'm not an expert at this, obviously.

420
00:19:21.900 --> 00:19:23.120
So I would refer you to people

421
00:19:23.120 --> 00:19:25.380
like Dr. Pualani Kanaka'ole Kanahele

422
00:19:25.380 --> 00:19:26.630
if you wanna learn more about this,

423
00:19:26.630 --> 00:19:28.890
'cause it really is a rich foundational

424
00:19:28.890 --> 00:19:30.633
perspective here and resource.

425
00:19:31.870 --> 00:19:34.790
So as the Kumulipo shares, coral reefs are the foundation

426
00:19:34.790 --> 00:19:37.460
of nearshore ecosystems in Hawai'i.

427
00:19:37.460 --> 00:19:40.080
About 70% of the coral reefs in the United States

428
00:19:40.080 --> 00:19:42.490
can actually be found in the Hawaiian archipelago.

429
00:19:42.490 --> 00:19:43.730
And the majority of them

430
00:19:43.730 --> 00:19:46.130
are in the Northwestern Hawaiian islands.

431
00:19:46.130 --> 00:19:48.790
So as many of you are aware, I'm sure,

432
00:19:48.790 --> 00:19:52.570
coral reefs across the world are struggling to survive

433
00:19:52.570 --> 00:19:54.770
as they're facing growing stressors.

434
00:19:54.770 --> 00:19:57.320
And the stressor we really focus on in this curriculum

435
00:19:57.320 --> 00:20:00.810
is ocean warming as a result of climate change.

436
00:20:00.810 --> 00:20:02.513
So that heat stress to corals.

437
00:20:05.870 --> 00:20:08.350
As I said, it's really important to us

438
00:20:08.350 --> 00:20:11.200
to make sure that our students

439
00:20:11.200 --> 00:20:12.690
or whoever's engaging with this curriculum

440
00:20:12.690 --> 00:20:15.130
really understand the full breadth

441
00:20:15.130 --> 00:20:17.460
and richness of the Hawaiian archipelago.

442
00:20:17.460 --> 00:20:19.610
I don't know about you, but even here in Hawai'i

443
00:20:19.610 --> 00:20:21.100
and when I was growing up,

444
00:20:21.100 --> 00:20:23.380
we were mostly just taught about the main Hawaiian islands,

445
00:20:23.380 --> 00:20:26.850
the younger high islands where humans reside currently.

446
00:20:26.850 --> 00:20:29.630
But the archipelago, as you can see, is much, much longer.

447
00:20:29.630 --> 00:20:32.220
There's another 1,200 nautical miles

448
00:20:32.220 --> 00:20:36.320
of small islands and emerging coral atolls.

449
00:20:36.320 --> 00:20:38.260
And what we ask students to do is with the,

450
00:20:38.260 --> 00:20:40.020
where those red dots are on there,

451
00:20:40.020 --> 00:20:42.470
they actually choose a study site from each,

452
00:20:42.470 --> 00:20:44.020
from the Northwestern Hawaiian islands

453
00:20:44.020 --> 00:20:45.780
and the main Hawaiian islands,

454
00:20:45.780 --> 00:20:48.720
so that as they report back with their class,

455
00:20:48.720 --> 00:20:51.430
we'll get a much kind of richer experience

456
00:20:51.430 --> 00:20:53.280
and understanding of the archipelago.

457
00:20:54.820 --> 00:20:56.300
All right, it looks like there's a little lag

458
00:20:56.300 --> 00:21:00.040
in my slide changing, but okay, good.

459
00:21:00.040 --> 00:21:01.570
You can see the student workbook.

460
00:21:01.570 --> 00:21:04.420
So when you go to our website to download these,

461
00:21:04.420 --> 00:21:05.950
you're gonna see two PDFs.

462
00:21:05.950 --> 00:21:08.003
The first is our student field journal.

463
00:21:10.430 --> 00:21:12.960
Because I was assuming a lot of

464
00:21:12.960 --> 00:21:14.560
kind of independent student work,

465
00:21:14.560 --> 00:21:16.780
it's written in a very kind of engaging,

466
00:21:16.780 --> 00:21:18.140
direct way to the students,

467
00:21:18.140 --> 00:21:21.670
asking them to step in as coral scientists in training.

468
00:21:21.670 --> 00:21:25.280
The language is very kind of impersonal in a way.

469
00:21:25.280 --> 00:21:27.480
I mean, sorry, personal in a way

470
00:21:27.480 --> 00:21:29.730
rather than kind of third person,

471
00:21:29.730 --> 00:21:32.180
as you would see in some lesson plans and things.

472
00:21:33.450 --> 00:21:35.170
There are also really clear instructions

473
00:21:35.170 --> 00:21:36.610
walking them through this process,

474
00:21:36.610 --> 00:21:40.100
'cause I know we are introducing a lot of complex topics.

475
00:21:40.100 --> 00:21:41.530
The part that I was really excited about

476
00:21:41.530 --> 00:21:43.990
and I hope works for you, I'd love to hear feedback,

477
00:21:43.990 --> 00:21:47.210
is that we were able to make these fillable forms.

478
00:21:47.210 --> 00:21:49.080
So the idea being you can download

479
00:21:49.080 --> 00:21:50.770
the student field journal,

480
00:21:50.770 --> 00:21:53.100
make copies for each of your students.

481
00:21:53.100 --> 00:21:56.010
They would just rename it to have their name on it.

482
00:21:56.010 --> 00:21:58.550
And so, as they're going through the lessons

483
00:21:58.550 --> 00:22:01.430
and they can respond to the questions,

484
00:22:01.430 --> 00:22:03.160
they can put in their observations,

485
00:22:03.160 --> 00:22:05.280
there's room for all of that within this field journal.

486
00:22:05.280 --> 00:22:07.460
So that then they can just turn it back into you.

487
00:22:07.460 --> 00:22:09.040
So hopefully that works well.

488
00:22:09.040 --> 00:22:11.010
Please let me know if you have any suggestions

489
00:22:11.010 --> 00:22:12.610
as you work with it.

490
00:22:13.530 --> 00:22:17.200
Of course, I don't expect everybody to be coral experts.

491
00:22:17.200 --> 00:22:18.153
I'm not a coral expert.

492
00:22:18.153 --> 00:22:20.830
I actually tapped into some great folks

493
00:22:20.830 --> 00:22:23.420
who help me here at NOAA, I'll mention later,

494
00:22:23.420 --> 00:22:27.690
but we did put together an extensive teacher's guide for you

495
00:22:27.690 --> 00:22:30.350
that gives a lot of good background information.

496
00:22:30.350 --> 00:22:31.560
And most importantly,

497
00:22:31.560 --> 00:22:33.200
because I've worked with some of these,

498
00:22:33.200 --> 00:22:35.350
they can get kinda clunky to move through.

499
00:22:35.350 --> 00:22:39.520
So I spent some time really organizing quick hyperlinks

500
00:22:39.520 --> 00:22:41.260
to help you navigate through.

501
00:22:41.260 --> 00:22:45.260
So it opens with a nice clean summary of the lessons

502
00:22:45.260 --> 00:22:48.070
and the two units that I'll be introducing to you,

503
00:22:48.070 --> 00:22:49.990
but you can quickly jump to individual

504
00:22:49.990 --> 00:22:51.800
detailed lesson descriptions

505
00:22:51.800 --> 00:22:55.250
to the Next Generation Science Standards alignments

506
00:22:55.250 --> 00:22:57.530
and the other Core Standards alignments

507
00:22:57.530 --> 00:23:00.190
that we connected to each of these,

508
00:23:00.190 --> 00:23:03.350
and the answer keys, which is always helpful,

509
00:23:03.350 --> 00:23:04.510
so that hopefully you can kind of

510
00:23:04.510 --> 00:23:06.170
move around this pretty quickly.

511
00:23:06.170 --> 00:23:09.100
There's also a dive deeper piece

512
00:23:09.100 --> 00:23:10.560
at the end of most of the lessons.

513
00:23:10.560 --> 00:23:13.330
And this is where, when the narrative

514
00:23:13.330 --> 00:23:15.840
of this curriculum didn't quite leave enough room

515
00:23:15.840 --> 00:23:19.390
for you to, say, go deeper into coral biology,

516
00:23:19.390 --> 00:23:21.260
we were sure to add in some links

517
00:23:21.260 --> 00:23:23.240
to other great NOAA resources that'll help you,

518
00:23:23.240 --> 00:23:25.840
if you wanna spend a little more time there,

519
00:23:25.840 --> 00:23:27.960
help you engage your students with that topic

520
00:23:27.960 --> 00:23:28.793
or other topics.

521
00:23:28.793 --> 00:23:30.870
There's also, where I was aware of them,

522
00:23:30.870 --> 00:23:32.620
opportunities to engage your students

523
00:23:32.620 --> 00:23:34.100
in hands-on activities,

524
00:23:34.100 --> 00:23:36.200
citizen science programs related to it,

525
00:23:36.200 --> 00:23:39.743
or kind of community engagement opportunities.

526
00:23:41.990 --> 00:23:42.913
All right.

527
00:23:44.280 --> 00:23:46.330
Sorry about the slow lag here,

528
00:23:46.330 --> 00:23:48.707
but I think you can see it now.

529
00:23:48.707 --> 00:23:50.880
Okay, so I'm gonna give you a quick overview.

530
00:23:50.880 --> 00:23:52.810
As I said, there are two units.

531
00:23:52.810 --> 00:23:55.250
Unit one is really putting students

532
00:23:55.250 --> 00:23:57.260
in the role of the scientific diver.

533
00:23:57.260 --> 00:24:00.540
So it's in the water monitoring coral.

534
00:24:00.540 --> 00:24:01.373
How does that work?

535
00:24:01.373 --> 00:24:02.800
What is this job like?

536
00:24:02.800 --> 00:24:05.800
And they're gonna be accessing a lot of online tools

537
00:24:05.800 --> 00:24:08.900
that are very immersive to start gathering data

538
00:24:08.900 --> 00:24:10.800
on their two research sites,

539
00:24:10.800 --> 00:24:13.450
building their skills and understanding of this role.

540
00:24:14.820 --> 00:24:17.110
In a second, you're gonna be able to see the breakdown.

541
00:24:17.110 --> 00:24:18.430
There it is.

542
00:24:18.430 --> 00:24:21.453
These are the four lessons that are within unit one.

543
00:24:22.460 --> 00:24:24.560
The first two lessons are pretty light.

544
00:24:24.560 --> 00:24:25.990
It's really just an introduction

545
00:24:25.990 --> 00:24:29.400
to what coral reef ecosystems are here in Hawai'i,

546
00:24:29.400 --> 00:24:31.790
kind of the importance to other life.

547
00:24:31.790 --> 00:24:35.450
And a very brief introduction to what coral bleaching is.

548
00:24:35.450 --> 00:24:39.450
That gentleman there is actually a talented educator.

549
00:24:39.450 --> 00:24:42.097
He is our aquarist at Mokupāpapa Dscovery Center

550
00:24:42.097 --> 00:24:43.700
and a marine science graduate

551
00:24:43.700 --> 00:24:45.800
from the University of Hawai'i Hilo.

552
00:24:45.800 --> 00:24:49.030
So he was kind enough to create that video with me

553
00:24:49.030 --> 00:24:52.840
during this pandemic time and is a really fun piece.

554
00:24:52.840 --> 00:24:56.060
So even if you're not gonna tackle this whole curriculum,

555
00:24:56.060 --> 00:24:57.940
I would really encourage you just to follow the link

556
00:24:57.940 --> 00:24:59.590
that will be put in the chat

557
00:24:59.590 --> 00:25:01.350
and go just take a look at that, too.

558
00:25:01.350 --> 00:25:03.120
And that work, that's a lot more accessible,

559
00:25:03.120 --> 00:25:05.710
I would say, for younger elementary as well.

560
00:25:05.710 --> 00:25:09.590
Lesson two is going to be, again, that introduction,

561
00:25:09.590 --> 00:25:12.500
but expanding our students' view of Hawai'i

562
00:25:12.500 --> 00:25:14.010
to include the entire archipelago.

563
00:25:14.010 --> 00:25:16.080
It's introducing Papahānaumokuākea,

564
00:25:16.080 --> 00:25:19.260
and really tapping into some of the amazing resources

565
00:25:19.260 --> 00:25:23.040
that one of the trustees of the monument,

566
00:25:23.040 --> 00:25:24.550
the Office of Hawaiian Affairs,

567
00:25:24.550 --> 00:25:27.470
has created to help people better understand

568
00:25:27.470 --> 00:25:30.990
the importance and cultural significance of this place.

569
00:25:30.990 --> 00:25:33.180
Lesson three is where we really dive into

570
00:25:33.180 --> 00:25:35.750
the meat of your student research.

571
00:25:35.750 --> 00:25:37.980
And so, here they're gonna be accessing

572
00:25:37.980 --> 00:25:40.160
those cool online resources that I was mentioning,

573
00:25:40.160 --> 00:25:41.720
which I'll show you in a bit,

574
00:25:41.720 --> 00:25:44.410
and they're gonna start gathering information

575
00:25:44.410 --> 00:25:47.670
and watching videos, and even 360 videos

576
00:25:47.670 --> 00:25:49.730
of what their sites are like,

577
00:25:49.730 --> 00:25:51.160
writing down their observations,

578
00:25:51.160 --> 00:25:52.840
starting to build an assessment

579
00:25:52.840 --> 00:25:55.240
and an understanding from multiple perspectives.

580
00:25:56.130 --> 00:25:59.741
The last lesson is really where all of that culminates.

581
00:25:59.741 --> 00:26:02.460
Thanks to, the first person I want to acknowledge

582
00:26:02.460 --> 00:26:03.790
is Dr. John Burns.

583
00:26:03.790 --> 00:26:07.210
He is a professor at, a associate professor, I think,

584
00:26:07.210 --> 00:26:09.130
at University of Hawai'i at Hilo.

585
00:26:09.130 --> 00:26:10.100
He's worked for NOAA, too.

586
00:26:10.100 --> 00:26:15.100
He's doing really incredible work using, what is it?

587
00:26:15.910 --> 00:26:18.470
Using photogrammetry to capture

588
00:26:18.470 --> 00:26:20.690
really incredible images of reefs.

589
00:26:20.690 --> 00:26:24.320
And he gave us a lot of his high-resolution images

590
00:26:24.320 --> 00:26:27.070
from the actual sites for us to have students

591
00:26:27.070 --> 00:26:29.320
start to do their coral bleaching assessment.

592
00:26:30.230 --> 00:26:32.240
The image you can see there

593
00:26:32.240 --> 00:26:34.810
is one kind of overlaying quadrat

594
00:26:34.810 --> 00:26:38.660
where students are actually asked to do their calculation

595
00:26:38.660 --> 00:26:42.470
of what percentage of the quadrat is bleached for that reef.

596
00:26:42.470 --> 00:26:44.380
And then kind of figuring out

597
00:26:44.380 --> 00:26:48.180
kind of what their overall aggregated assessment

598
00:26:48.180 --> 00:26:50.510
for the reef is related to coral beaching.

599
00:26:50.510 --> 00:26:53.590
It's not real complicated math, but it's a lot to take in.

600
00:26:53.590 --> 00:26:55.643
So we walk them very slowly through it.

601
00:26:57.700 --> 00:26:59.990
Lesson two or unit two is really fun

602
00:26:59.990 --> 00:27:02.840
because we're popping the students out of the water

603
00:27:02.840 --> 00:27:06.680
and actually engaging them with NOAA satellite data.

604
00:27:06.680 --> 00:27:08.970
And here are some of the amazing online tools

605
00:27:08.970 --> 00:27:10.490
that anybody can access.

606
00:27:10.490 --> 00:27:12.260
They're all free and online ready.

607
00:27:12.260 --> 00:27:14.330
But I found when I was first looking

608
00:27:14.330 --> 00:27:16.340
that they're a little intimidating

609
00:27:16.340 --> 00:27:18.550
until you get to know how to interact with them,

610
00:27:18.550 --> 00:27:19.800
and then they're just really fun.

611
00:27:19.800 --> 00:27:22.510
And so, we're really walking students through

612
00:27:22.510 --> 00:27:23.680
how to engage with these

613
00:27:23.680 --> 00:27:26.440
so that they can get a little bit bigger picture view

614
00:27:26.440 --> 00:27:27.990
of the impacts of coral bleaching

615
00:27:27.990 --> 00:27:30.410
on their particular study sites.

616
00:27:30.410 --> 00:27:33.313
And so, here are the four lessons related to that unit.

617
00:27:34.740 --> 00:27:37.990
Lesson one accesses an existing great NOAA tool

618
00:27:37.990 --> 00:27:40.320
called NOAA data in the classroom.

619
00:27:40.320 --> 00:27:41.760
And if you're not aware of it,

620
00:27:41.760 --> 00:27:45.470
we're gonna put the link in the chat box for you.

621
00:27:45.470 --> 00:27:47.420
But this is great because it's already

622
00:27:47.420 --> 00:27:48.860
kind of walking students through

623
00:27:48.860 --> 00:27:51.170
in a very interactive way on how to understand

624
00:27:51.170 --> 00:27:52.630
some of the basic concepts

625
00:27:52.630 --> 00:27:56.240
around heat stress and sea surface temperature,

626
00:27:56.240 --> 00:28:00.300
and how scientists monitor that related to coral reefs.

627
00:28:00.300 --> 00:28:02.220
I would also encourage you,

628
00:28:02.220 --> 00:28:04.450
there are other learning modules,

629
00:28:04.450 --> 00:28:06.870
including ocean acidification,

630
00:28:06.870 --> 00:28:08.940
learning about El Nino and how it works,

631
00:28:08.940 --> 00:28:11.250
water quality and sea level.

632
00:28:11.250 --> 00:28:14.640
And I know that there's some talk about adding some more

633
00:28:14.640 --> 00:28:15.640
or updating some of those.

634
00:28:15.640 --> 00:28:17.270
So please check out that link

635
00:28:17.270 --> 00:28:19.603
because it's a really great existing resource.

636
00:28:20.450 --> 00:28:23.220
Lesson two is where we really dive students in.

637
00:28:23.220 --> 00:28:24.830
And so, this is where we're using

638
00:28:24.830 --> 00:28:27.430
NOAA's online coral reef watch tool.

639
00:28:27.430 --> 00:28:30.100
It's really fun once we kinda get past

640
00:28:30.100 --> 00:28:32.420
all the colors and trying to figure out what's going on,

641
00:28:32.420 --> 00:28:33.910
and this is where I really wanna thank

642
00:28:33.910 --> 00:28:36.547
Dr. Paulo Maurin, who is with

643
00:28:36.547 --> 00:28:40.610
NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program through Lynker.

644
00:28:40.610 --> 00:28:43.560
And he worked extensively with me on this,

645
00:28:43.560 --> 00:28:46.150
even putting together video tutorials

646
00:28:46.150 --> 00:28:48.340
and just advising me to make this

647
00:28:48.340 --> 00:28:50.340
as accessible as possible to students.

648
00:28:50.340 --> 00:28:53.420
So we created a lot of different ways

649
00:28:53.420 --> 00:28:56.770
for students to learn about what we're asking them to,

650
00:28:56.770 --> 00:28:59.820
the information we're asking them to gather there.

651
00:28:59.820 --> 00:29:02.200
What's really neat about coral reef watch,

652
00:29:02.200 --> 00:29:04.230
and that comes into lesson three,

653
00:29:04.230 --> 00:29:06.820
is that while coral reef watch allows them,

654
00:29:06.820 --> 00:29:09.670
the first, lesson two really introduces them

655
00:29:09.670 --> 00:29:12.920
how to look at real-time data or near-real-time data.

656
00:29:12.920 --> 00:29:15.060
Lesson three teaches them how to look back

657
00:29:15.060 --> 00:29:16.560
at the historic record.

658
00:29:16.560 --> 00:29:19.560
And so, this way they're able to look at long-term impacts

659
00:29:19.560 --> 00:29:23.050
of coral reef, or sorry, heat stress on coral,

660
00:29:23.050 --> 00:29:25.500
on their coral reef study sites.

661
00:29:25.500 --> 00:29:26.670
And I think that really helps them

662
00:29:26.670 --> 00:29:28.920
kind of think a little bit more are critically about,

663
00:29:28.920 --> 00:29:31.420
oh, how is this kind of longer-term climate change

664
00:29:31.420 --> 00:29:33.663
impacting the reefs I'm studying?

665
00:29:34.610 --> 00:29:39.550
We close out kind of the whole curriculum with lesson four.

666
00:29:39.550 --> 00:29:41.390
And this is where, we don't wanna leave students

667
00:29:41.390 --> 00:29:43.810
only seeing how kind of dire the situation is

668
00:29:43.810 --> 00:29:45.857
for coral reefs, but more what can they do

669
00:29:45.857 --> 00:29:48.120
and what are people doing already?

670
00:29:48.120 --> 00:29:50.380
And so, we're tapping into another great resource,

671
00:29:50.380 --> 00:29:51.523
if you're not aware of it,

672
00:29:51.523 --> 00:29:53.853
it's NOAA's Ocean Today collections.

673
00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:57.740
The coral reef collection on every full moon

674
00:29:57.740 --> 00:29:59.430
is really great.

675
00:29:59.430 --> 00:30:02.430
I reference that in the curriculum multiple places,

676
00:30:02.430 --> 00:30:05.900
but we tap into the, what can we do video of that.

677
00:30:05.900 --> 00:30:08.760
And they bring up a lot of different kind of challenges

678
00:30:08.760 --> 00:30:10.640
that coral reefs are gonna have to get,

679
00:30:10.640 --> 00:30:12.390
we're gonna have to support coral reefs through,

680
00:30:12.390 --> 00:30:15.110
and then what people are doing to confront those challenges.

681
00:30:15.110 --> 00:30:18.160
And so, we ask students to research,

682
00:30:18.160 --> 00:30:19.977
to choose these topics, research them,

683
00:30:19.977 --> 00:30:22.430
and look at it kind of at that larger scale

684
00:30:22.430 --> 00:30:24.010
global level and national level,

685
00:30:24.010 --> 00:30:26.100
what are these big organizations doing?

686
00:30:26.100 --> 00:30:28.390
But also like, what's going on in my community?

687
00:30:28.390 --> 00:30:29.690
Let me interview somebody,

688
00:30:29.690 --> 00:30:30.800
especially if you're here in Hawai'i

689
00:30:30.800 --> 00:30:31.717
or somewhere where there are coral reefs,

690
00:30:31.717 --> 00:30:33.660
let me interview somebody on the ground

691
00:30:33.660 --> 00:30:36.850
who's doing this work who can tell me about what's going on,

692
00:30:36.850 --> 00:30:40.780
what's working, and how I can get involved.

693
00:30:40.780 --> 00:30:42.660
And what I'm hoping is through that engagement,

694
00:30:42.660 --> 00:30:44.570
and then through all the sharing that will happen

695
00:30:44.570 --> 00:30:46.800
at the end of this lesson with the class,

696
00:30:46.800 --> 00:30:47.960
it might inspire your class

697
00:30:47.960 --> 00:30:50.920
to kinda take that next step of engagement,

698
00:30:50.920 --> 00:30:53.060
especially if there's a local opportunity.

699
00:30:53.060 --> 00:30:55.660
And there are some larger, big opportunities

700
00:30:55.660 --> 00:30:58.093
that I link in the extensions section.

701
00:30:59.510 --> 00:31:02.510
All right, so it's 12:30 my time.

702
00:31:02.510 --> 00:31:04.060
Let's take a poll.

703
00:31:04.060 --> 00:31:07.120
How comfortable are you teaching about coral bleaching?

704
00:31:07.120 --> 00:31:09.510
If everybody is already like, oh, I got this nailed,

705
00:31:09.510 --> 00:31:11.680
then I'm gonna skip this next part.

706
00:31:11.680 --> 00:31:13.220
But if we have enough people

707
00:31:13.220 --> 00:31:15.280
who would like a little quick 101,

708
00:31:15.280 --> 00:31:16.560
I'm gonna go ahead and just walk us through

709
00:31:16.560 --> 00:31:18.113
the basics of coral bleaching.

710
00:31:19.310 --> 00:31:20.770
<v Claire>Excellent, the poll's been launched.</v>

711
00:31:20.770 --> 00:31:22.320
So go ahead.

712
00:31:22.320 --> 00:31:25.880
And Justin, just so you know, a teacher let me know

713
00:31:25.880 --> 00:31:29.010
that the Dole Middle School students

714
00:31:29.010 --> 00:31:31.490
are in the classroom with the teacher.

715
00:31:31.490 --> 00:31:35.120
So there are some students listening along.

716
00:31:35.120 --> 00:31:37.720
So with that, I certainly think

717
00:31:37.720 --> 00:31:39.790
giving a little more information about coral bleaching

718
00:31:39.790 --> 00:31:42.490
will be helpful, but let's also see what our poll says.

719
00:31:42.490 --> 00:31:43.630
<v ->Oh, excellent.</v>

720
00:31:43.630 --> 00:31:44.463
Thanks a letting me know.

721
00:31:44.463 --> 00:31:45.296
Welcome everybody.

722
00:31:45.296 --> 00:31:46.290
I'm glad you're here.

723
00:31:47.610 --> 00:31:50.210
<v Claire>All right, I think we've slowed down here.</v>

724
00:31:50.210 --> 00:31:54.163
So go ahead and share the results.

725
00:31:56.390 --> 00:32:00.970
Yeah, looks like, kind of a broad mix.

726
00:32:00.970 --> 00:32:01.803
<v ->Yeah.</v>

727
00:32:01.803 --> 00:32:04.200
I'm gonna go ahead, it looks like the majority,

728
00:32:04.200 --> 00:32:05.033
we'll do it.

729
00:32:05.033 --> 00:32:06.520
I won't spend a lot of time on it

730
00:32:06.520 --> 00:32:08.330
because there are great NOAA resources

731
00:32:08.330 --> 00:32:09.530
I reference in the curriculum,

732
00:32:09.530 --> 00:32:11.070
but I will take a little bit of time,

733
00:32:11.070 --> 00:32:12.170
just so we're all on the same page

734
00:32:12.170 --> 00:32:13.880
when I share the resources.

735
00:32:13.880 --> 00:32:15.160
For those of you who are already

736
00:32:15.160 --> 00:32:17.290
really comfortable teaching coral bleaching,

737
00:32:17.290 --> 00:32:19.880
I would love your feedback on this

738
00:32:20.970 --> 00:32:22.570
when you get a chance to look at the curriculum,

739
00:32:22.570 --> 00:32:25.100
and just making sure that we're taking advantage

740
00:32:25.100 --> 00:32:26.610
of all the really cool opportunities.

741
00:32:26.610 --> 00:32:29.690
And I am very happy if you wanna adapt

742
00:32:29.690 --> 00:32:32.410
and change this to fit what you want.

743
00:32:32.410 --> 00:32:34.660
And I would just ask that I would love to see

744
00:32:34.660 --> 00:32:37.310
whatever kind of adaptations and creations you come up with.

745
00:32:37.310 --> 00:32:39.670
So we can kind of continue to improve this

746
00:32:39.670 --> 00:32:41.203
and build a conversation.

747
00:32:42.430 --> 00:32:43.640
All right.

748
00:32:43.640 --> 00:32:46.160
So why does coral bleach?

749
00:32:46.160 --> 00:32:47.850
What is coral bleaching?

750
00:32:47.850 --> 00:32:49.390
There are many factors

751
00:32:49.390 --> 00:32:51.580
that can stress and damage coral reefs.

752
00:32:51.580 --> 00:32:54.240
So overfishing, run-off of pollutants

753
00:32:54.240 --> 00:32:57.190
and sediment from onshore, physical damage

754
00:32:57.190 --> 00:32:59.770
from boat anchors, or people stepping on coral,

755
00:32:59.770 --> 00:33:01.980
even some chemicals, for example,

756
00:33:01.980 --> 00:33:05.900
that are in some sunscreens have been shown to damage coral,

757
00:33:05.900 --> 00:33:08.290
but the current understanding through research

758
00:33:08.290 --> 00:33:11.830
is that heat stress, long-term heat stress

759
00:33:11.830 --> 00:33:13.220
due to climate change is really

760
00:33:13.220 --> 00:33:16.143
the biggest negative impact on coral reefs globally.

761
00:33:17.660 --> 00:33:19.970
So one thing I am really excited about

762
00:33:19.970 --> 00:33:22.040
is there's some really cool,

763
00:33:22.040 --> 00:33:24.530
more kind of coral biology curriculum

764
00:33:24.530 --> 00:33:27.130
that is available through some of our sister sanctuaries.

765
00:33:27.130 --> 00:33:28.350
I know Flower Garden Banks

766
00:33:28.350 --> 00:33:31.360
National Marine Sanctuary has some great stuff,

767
00:33:31.360 --> 00:33:33.750
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary has some great stuff.

768
00:33:33.750 --> 00:33:34.760
And I think they're coming out

769
00:33:34.760 --> 00:33:39.320
with some new pieces on coral restoration soon.

770
00:33:39.320 --> 00:33:41.250
So I know Claire worked with folks

771
00:33:41.250 --> 00:33:43.890
on creating a collection

772
00:33:43.890 --> 00:33:47.390
of Office of National Reef Sanctuary resources

773
00:33:47.390 --> 00:33:49.130
related to coral reef ecosystems.

774
00:33:49.130 --> 00:33:50.540
So we'll put that in the chat,

775
00:33:50.540 --> 00:33:52.920
and I would definitely encourage you to check that out.

776
00:33:52.920 --> 00:33:54.320
What we're looking at here is a clip

777
00:33:54.320 --> 00:33:56.870
from that video I made with Michael

778
00:33:56.870 --> 00:33:58.550
from lesson one, unit one,

779
00:33:58.550 --> 00:34:02.190
and this is a pōhaku puna, or a lobe coral.

780
00:34:02.190 --> 00:34:05.420
And if you look at all of those individual little dots,

781
00:34:05.420 --> 00:34:06.253
those little circles,

782
00:34:06.253 --> 00:34:09.690
they're actually individual coral polyps.

783
00:34:09.690 --> 00:34:11.793
And so, coral is actually an animal.

784
00:34:11.793 --> 00:34:16.793
It's a colony of small animals that are cnidarians.

785
00:34:16.800 --> 00:34:18.630
They're related to sea anemones.

786
00:34:18.630 --> 00:34:21.590
They're related to jellyfish.

787
00:34:21.590 --> 00:34:26.190
They have these stinging cells called nematocysts

788
00:34:26.190 --> 00:34:31.080
in their tentacles that they use to capture prey,

789
00:34:31.080 --> 00:34:33.880
small plankton that is carried along in the currents.

790
00:34:33.880 --> 00:34:35.200
The reason we don't really see this

791
00:34:35.200 --> 00:34:36.490
is because they feed at night.

792
00:34:36.490 --> 00:34:38.590
Most of the time they're hiding

793
00:34:38.590 --> 00:34:41.910
in their calcium carbonate shell, skeleton.

794
00:34:41.910 --> 00:34:44.170
And so, that's why they look like colorful rocks

795
00:34:44.170 --> 00:34:45.340
is because we're only seeing them

796
00:34:45.340 --> 00:34:46.840
kind of in their hiding place.

797
00:34:49.766 --> 00:34:50.780
Sorry, there's a little bit of lag.

798
00:34:50.780 --> 00:34:54.070
It's throwing me off, but once they capture their prey,

799
00:34:54.070 --> 00:34:55.800
they're putting it into their mouth

800
00:34:55.800 --> 00:34:58.440
and into their simple digestive tract.

801
00:34:58.440 --> 00:35:01.350
But the part that really comes to play here

802
00:35:01.350 --> 00:35:03.550
that we need to understand for coral bleaching

803
00:35:03.550 --> 00:35:06.390
is their amazing symbiotic relationship

804
00:35:06.390 --> 00:35:09.880
with a microscopic algae, zooxanthellae,

805
00:35:09.880 --> 00:35:12.120
or some people say zooxanthellae.

806
00:35:12.120 --> 00:35:12.953
And what's amazing with that

807
00:35:12.953 --> 00:35:15.030
is it actually gives coral its color.

808
00:35:15.030 --> 00:35:17.110
The coral polyp, the animal

809
00:35:17.110 --> 00:35:20.840
takes the zooxanthellae into its tissue.

810
00:35:20.840 --> 00:35:23.370
And then in addition to getting it's food

811
00:35:23.370 --> 00:35:25.970
from what it can catch through suspension feeding,

812
00:35:25.970 --> 00:35:30.040
it's actually given a huge portion of the zooxanthellae's

813
00:35:30.040 --> 00:35:33.930
photosynthetic energy for its own use.

814
00:35:33.930 --> 00:35:36.410
In return, the zooxanthellae is getting shelter

815
00:35:36.410 --> 00:35:39.480
and some specific nutrients back.

816
00:35:39.480 --> 00:35:41.640
So it's through this relationship

817
00:35:41.640 --> 00:35:44.440
that we have these very healthy, robust,

818
00:35:44.440 --> 00:35:47.740
thriving coral reefs, and very colorful coral reefs.

819
00:35:47.740 --> 00:35:51.070
NOAA has a great infographic, which I have the link for.

820
00:35:51.070 --> 00:35:53.230
It'll go in the chat here in a second,

821
00:35:53.230 --> 00:35:56.470
that kind of breaks down how coral bleaching works.

822
00:35:56.470 --> 00:35:59.280
We're focusing, of course, on heat stress,

823
00:35:59.280 --> 00:36:00.880
but it lists some of the other stresses.

824
00:36:00.880 --> 00:36:02.380
And in this infographic,

825
00:36:02.380 --> 00:36:04.790
you can see that we have a healthy coral

826
00:36:04.790 --> 00:36:05.890
full of zooxanthellae.

827
00:36:07.190 --> 00:36:10.830
Students learn that as coral gets stressed,

828
00:36:10.830 --> 00:36:12.070
it can no longer actually keep

829
00:36:12.070 --> 00:36:13.330
that zooxanthellae in it's body.

830
00:36:13.330 --> 00:36:16.510
So it'll expel it out of that same mouth part.

831
00:36:16.510 --> 00:36:18.430
And as it starts to expel the zooxanthellae,

832
00:36:18.430 --> 00:36:22.180
it becomes more of a faded color or even splotchy white

833
00:36:22.180 --> 00:36:25.740
because the calcium carbonate shell skeleton

834
00:36:25.740 --> 00:36:27.980
is becoming more visible.

835
00:36:27.980 --> 00:36:31.370
So we introduce students to the idea of partial bleaching,

836
00:36:31.370 --> 00:36:33.590
which is the first signs of stress.

837
00:36:33.590 --> 00:36:36.030
And then as that stress continues,

838
00:36:36.030 --> 00:36:37.780
we're looking at fully bleached.

839
00:36:37.780 --> 00:36:39.720
And the important piece here is that

840
00:36:39.720 --> 00:36:42.270
just because the coral is bleached,

841
00:36:42.270 --> 00:36:44.710
it doesn't mean that it's dead.

842
00:36:44.710 --> 00:36:49.060
Remember, the coral polyp can feed using its tentacles,

843
00:36:49.060 --> 00:36:51.680
but it's limited to what it can catch

844
00:36:51.680 --> 00:36:53.580
that passes by on the currents.

845
00:36:53.580 --> 00:36:54.430
And so, at this point,

846
00:36:54.430 --> 00:36:57.140
it's not getting all that extra energy.

847
00:36:57.140 --> 00:36:59.980
It's more vulnerable to disease and damage.

848
00:36:59.980 --> 00:37:01.370
If that stress continues,

849
00:37:01.370 --> 00:37:05.620
then there is a potential for death, for mortality.

850
00:37:05.620 --> 00:37:07.820
And so, let me show you what that looks like

851
00:37:09.170 --> 00:37:11.140
on a real coral reef here.

852
00:37:11.140 --> 00:37:13.940
So here, this is a reef in Papahānaumokuākea.

853
00:37:13.940 --> 00:37:18.940
This particular coral has a beautiful purplish color.

854
00:37:19.100 --> 00:37:22.160
And the way that Paulo was explaining it to me

855
00:37:22.160 --> 00:37:26.260
is that regions across the world get different temperatures.

856
00:37:26.260 --> 00:37:29.890
Whether you are in American Samoa or Hawai'i,

857
00:37:29.890 --> 00:37:31.910
the maximum summer temperatures

858
00:37:31.910 --> 00:37:33.720
that you would see are gonna be different.

859
00:37:33.720 --> 00:37:35.920
And so, these satellites are measuring

860
00:37:35.920 --> 00:37:38.790
that kind of historical high temperature

861
00:37:38.790 --> 00:37:41.270
that you would get in your summer, wherever you live.

862
00:37:41.270 --> 00:37:43.810
And that is called kind of the summer max.

863
00:37:43.810 --> 00:37:48.700
So when the temperature goes one degree higher

864
00:37:48.700 --> 00:37:51.260
than that kinda average high max,

865
00:37:51.260 --> 00:37:52.850
that's when Paulo tells me,

866
00:37:52.850 --> 00:37:55.100
I like the way he puts it, the clock starts ticking.

867
00:37:55.100 --> 00:37:58.370
That's when the coral polyps start to feel that heat stress.

868
00:37:58.370 --> 00:38:01.450
The longer that heat stress lasts and the hotter,

869
00:38:01.450 --> 00:38:03.640
the higher above that maximum

870
00:38:03.640 --> 00:38:06.240
historic average temperature it is,

871
00:38:06.240 --> 00:38:08.740
the more your corals are gonna start to get stressed

872
00:38:08.740 --> 00:38:10.770
and the faster they'll get stressed.

873
00:38:10.770 --> 00:38:12.993
So let's take a look at what that means.

874
00:38:15.350 --> 00:38:19.800
We've got number one, healthy, beautiful, vibrant coral.

875
00:38:19.800 --> 00:38:21.163
We've got number two,

876
00:38:22.070 --> 00:38:24.040
as soon as my internet catches up.

877
00:38:24.040 --> 00:38:26.280
We've got partially bleached coral.

878
00:38:26.280 --> 00:38:28.050
You can see that it's lighter in color,

879
00:38:28.050 --> 00:38:29.870
and there's kind of a splotchiness to it

880
00:38:29.870 --> 00:38:32.400
where we're seeing the calcium carbonate base.

881
00:38:32.400 --> 00:38:35.920
There's number three, where it's bleached,

882
00:38:35.920 --> 00:38:36.800
it's fully bleached.

883
00:38:36.800 --> 00:38:39.240
You can see the full calcium carbonate skeleton,

884
00:38:39.240 --> 00:38:40.820
not necessarily dead.

885
00:38:40.820 --> 00:38:42.360
This is how I've been taught

886
00:38:42.360 --> 00:38:44.310
you can pretty much tell that coral is dead,

887
00:38:44.310 --> 00:38:46.880
number four, and this is where the macro algaes,

888
00:38:46.880 --> 00:38:49.660
the algaes have actually grown over

889
00:38:49.660 --> 00:38:50.820
the skeleton of the coral.

890
00:38:50.820 --> 00:38:52.750
It's basically just using it like it would rock.

891
00:38:52.750 --> 00:38:53.930
It's just substrate to grow on.

892
00:38:53.930 --> 00:38:56.210
At that point, we know that the coral's dead,

893
00:38:56.210 --> 00:38:58.880
and all of this knowledge is what helps students

894
00:38:58.880 --> 00:39:01.663
start to do their own coral bleaching assessment.

895
00:39:03.360 --> 00:39:06.420
All right, so I'm going to change my screen,

896
00:39:06.420 --> 00:39:07.970
and hopefully this will work.

897
00:39:07.970 --> 00:39:10.270
I'm gonna start showing you some of the tools.

898
00:39:16.410 --> 00:39:17.243
Oops.

899
00:39:18.750 --> 00:39:19.583
I thought I loaded that.

900
00:39:19.583 --> 00:39:20.416
Sorry guys.

901
00:39:20.416 --> 00:39:21.249
Okay.

902
00:39:27.200 --> 00:39:28.033
There we go.

903
00:39:28.033 --> 00:39:29.160
It should come in in one sec.

904
00:39:29.160 --> 00:39:30.520
Yep, looks good.
<v ->Okay.</v>

905
00:39:30.520 --> 00:39:33.542
Okay, so this is what Dr. Burns, John Burns,

906
00:39:33.542 --> 00:39:35.670
his teams have put together.

907
00:39:35.670 --> 00:39:37.020
This is actually an older version.

908
00:39:37.020 --> 00:39:39.780
They currently run the MEGALAB,

909
00:39:39.780 --> 00:39:42.100
which is sort of the next level of this,

910
00:39:42.100 --> 00:39:43.900
but I love the Coral Health Atlas

911
00:39:43.900 --> 00:39:44.890
through University of Hawai'i,

912
00:39:44.890 --> 00:39:48.400
because it's so easy to interact with.

913
00:39:48.400 --> 00:39:52.410
He has created a nice interactive map for us

914
00:39:52.410 --> 00:39:54.610
of the Hawaiian archipelago.

915
00:39:54.610 --> 00:39:59.360
Each of those tags represents one of the study sites,

916
00:39:59.360 --> 00:40:00.550
plus a few more.

917
00:40:00.550 --> 00:40:02.820
And then down below it has the names

918
00:40:02.820 --> 00:40:04.330
of the places that we wanna go.

919
00:40:04.330 --> 00:40:06.050
I'm gonna take you to Waiʻopae

920
00:40:06.050 --> 00:40:08.170
because that's here on Hawai'i island,

921
00:40:08.170 --> 00:40:09.930
and it has a special place in my heart

922
00:40:09.930 --> 00:40:13.360
because it is unfortunately no longer around.

923
00:40:13.360 --> 00:40:18.360
It was covered by the 2018 eruption by the Kīlauea Volcano.

924
00:40:20.430 --> 00:40:22.270
So students are gonna be able to see

925
00:40:22.270 --> 00:40:23.840
some really cool pictures.

926
00:40:23.840 --> 00:40:26.430
They're gonna see where it is on the map.

927
00:40:26.430 --> 00:40:27.830
This is gonna be a little bit of a challenge

928
00:40:27.830 --> 00:40:28.760
'cause of my time lag.

929
00:40:28.760 --> 00:40:31.950
I apologize for that, but as they scroll down,

930
00:40:31.950 --> 00:40:33.040
they're also gonna be learning

931
00:40:33.040 --> 00:40:34.730
a little bit of historic importance

932
00:40:34.730 --> 00:40:37.050
and the cultural importance of this site.

933
00:40:37.050 --> 00:40:38.380
This is only one of the resources

934
00:40:38.380 --> 00:40:40.040
they learn for that aspect.

935
00:40:40.040 --> 00:40:41.110
The main thing that they're doing

936
00:40:41.110 --> 00:40:45.550
is they're tapping into these three buttons here,

937
00:40:45.550 --> 00:40:50.550
360 pano, 3D reef model, and the reef data.

938
00:40:50.630 --> 00:40:53.020
And so, I'm hoping this will work for us.

939
00:40:53.020 --> 00:40:54.673
We're gonna go into the 360 pano.

940
00:40:59.600 --> 00:41:00.927
It may not play really great,

941
00:41:00.927 --> 00:41:04.810
but Dr. Burns has created these 360 videos

942
00:41:05.720 --> 00:41:08.450
of all of these sites the students are studying,

943
00:41:08.450 --> 00:41:10.400
so they can actually see what it's like.

944
00:41:10.400 --> 00:41:11.233
And they're actually,

945
00:41:11.233 --> 00:41:14.440
I'm asking them to write down their observations,

946
00:41:14.440 --> 00:41:16.060
look for the marine life that's there,

947
00:41:16.060 --> 00:41:17.500
look for coral bleaching,

948
00:41:17.500 --> 00:41:21.430
describe the characteristics of this particular reef,

949
00:41:21.430 --> 00:41:25.540
color, structure, whatever they can kind of pull out of this

950
00:41:25.540 --> 00:41:27.370
as they sit with the video.

951
00:41:27.370 --> 00:41:28.490
So that's just one example.

952
00:41:28.490 --> 00:41:29.500
There's some really neat ones.

953
00:41:29.500 --> 00:41:32.360
This was a beautiful reef, really incredible.

954
00:41:32.360 --> 00:41:33.687
It's sad to see it go.

955
00:41:35.030 --> 00:41:36.670
Once they have done that,

956
00:41:36.670 --> 00:41:39.700
they're also gonna be looking at the 3D reef models

957
00:41:39.700 --> 00:41:42.350
that Dr. Burns and his teams have created.

958
00:41:42.350 --> 00:41:43.730
I'm not gonna hit play on this

959
00:41:43.730 --> 00:41:45.340
because it takes a while to load.

960
00:41:45.340 --> 00:41:48.460
But when you do, students can actually

961
00:41:48.460 --> 00:41:51.790
move around on this reef, zoom in, change the angle.

962
00:41:51.790 --> 00:41:55.130
And this is all created digitally

963
00:41:55.130 --> 00:41:59.620
from hundreds of overlapping photos

964
00:41:59.620 --> 00:42:01.350
or video that they're taking,

965
00:42:01.350 --> 00:42:05.100
and then creating and using software.

966
00:42:05.100 --> 00:42:08.000
What's amazing about this, too, is it's very cutting edge.

967
00:42:09.386 --> 00:42:12.060
They're building software that can analyze

968
00:42:12.060 --> 00:42:15.450
this digital image to find, where is there coral bleaching?

969
00:42:15.450 --> 00:42:17.448
Where are their diseases?

970
00:42:17.448 --> 00:42:18.990
What is the structure of the reef?

971
00:42:18.990 --> 00:42:20.810
How good of a habitat is it?

972
00:42:20.810 --> 00:42:25.350
And if they redo this every few years, create the next one,

973
00:42:25.350 --> 00:42:27.640
they can then compare the different models

974
00:42:27.640 --> 00:42:29.530
and see how that's changing over time.

975
00:42:29.530 --> 00:42:30.720
So that's gonna really help us

976
00:42:30.720 --> 00:42:33.550
because there's some huge changes going on

977
00:42:33.550 --> 00:42:34.860
in our coral reefs right now.

978
00:42:34.860 --> 00:42:37.660
And these reefs are vast,

979
00:42:37.660 --> 00:42:39.400
especially within Papahānaumokuākea.

980
00:42:39.400 --> 00:42:41.870
So it's really hard to monitor

981
00:42:41.870 --> 00:42:43.483
more than small sections of it.

982
00:42:44.460 --> 00:42:46.620
The last thing I'm gonna show you

983
00:42:46.620 --> 00:42:51.183
is every student's favorite, the bar graph.

984
00:42:54.330 --> 00:42:58.000
And so, here, students are able to,

985
00:42:58.000 --> 00:42:59.920
we're not asking for a lot of detail here,

986
00:42:59.920 --> 00:43:02.530
but just kind of looking at the top section,

987
00:43:02.530 --> 00:43:05.990
looking at what percentage is bleaching,

988
00:43:05.990 --> 00:43:08.440
what percentage is healthy, and then identifying

989
00:43:08.440 --> 00:43:11.090
if there are any other major concerns

990
00:43:11.090 --> 00:43:13.720
that came up on that top bar graph series.

991
00:43:13.720 --> 00:43:16.820
So here we see that macroalgae overgrowth

992
00:43:16.820 --> 00:43:20.580
is somewhat of an issue there at nearly 5%.

993
00:43:20.580 --> 00:43:21.840
That means that large algaes

994
00:43:21.840 --> 00:43:23.490
are starting to overgrow the coral,

995
00:43:23.490 --> 00:43:24.940
which can block out sunlight

996
00:43:24.940 --> 00:43:26.870
and ultimately kill the coral, so it's a big issue,

997
00:43:26.870 --> 00:43:28.140
like maybe there's too much nutrient

998
00:43:28.140 --> 00:43:30.550
coming in from that particular area.

999
00:43:30.550 --> 00:43:33.350
We also ask students to learn a little bit about

1000
00:43:33.350 --> 00:43:35.160
the nuance of these studies,

1001
00:43:35.160 --> 00:43:37.140
because here they're looking at aggregated data,

1002
00:43:37.140 --> 00:43:37.973
they're looking at

1003
00:43:37.973 --> 00:43:40.020
a bunch of different surveys put together.

1004
00:43:40.020 --> 00:43:43.160
And so, either using that map that's on the right,

1005
00:43:43.160 --> 00:43:45.460
or using this dropdown menu,

1006
00:43:45.460 --> 00:43:47.420
they're able to switch around

1007
00:43:47.420 --> 00:43:50.350
and look at the results for just one site.

1008
00:43:50.350 --> 00:43:53.460
And we don't ask for a lot of analysis

1009
00:43:53.460 --> 00:43:54.580
just to kind of look and see

1010
00:43:54.580 --> 00:43:56.560
if there were particular transects

1011
00:43:56.560 --> 00:43:59.030
or particular study lines of reef

1012
00:43:59.030 --> 00:44:02.980
that had bigger issues that stood out to them.

1013
00:44:02.980 --> 00:44:06.160
All right, so I'm gonna close this one out

1014
00:44:06.160 --> 00:44:11.160
and take you to another really amazing resource.

1015
00:44:12.690 --> 00:44:16.900
So this is our Papahānaumokuākea Flickr site.

1016
00:44:16.900 --> 00:44:20.240
And I was made aware that, just like YouTube,

1017
00:44:20.240 --> 00:44:24.020
there can be inappropriate content hosted on Flickr.

1018
00:44:24.020 --> 00:44:26.440
So make sure that you take the same precautions you would

1019
00:44:26.440 --> 00:44:28.690
when students are accessing YouTube.

1020
00:44:28.690 --> 00:44:30.940
But our site is incredible

1021
00:44:30.940 --> 00:44:35.940
because it has a huge amount of still images and video

1022
00:44:37.450 --> 00:44:40.040
that different people who are studying

1023
00:44:40.040 --> 00:44:41.810
or doing cultural protocol or other things

1024
00:44:41.810 --> 00:44:44.740
within Papahānaumokuākea have added

1025
00:44:44.740 --> 00:44:46.480
and shared with all of us.

1026
00:44:46.480 --> 00:44:48.490
A lot of these are free and available

1027
00:44:48.490 --> 00:44:50.420
in the public domain for download and use.

1028
00:44:50.420 --> 00:44:52.540
And so, we ask students to use them

1029
00:44:52.540 --> 00:44:54.840
for their presentations and their research.

1030
00:44:54.840 --> 00:44:57.320
By going to the albums setting,

1031
00:44:57.320 --> 00:44:58.830
it's organized it in such a way

1032
00:44:58.830 --> 00:45:02.510
that they can actually go to their specific study sites.

1033
00:45:02.510 --> 00:45:05.080
So for example, if they're studying Lalo

1034
00:45:05.080 --> 00:45:07.440
or the English name here, French Frigate Shoals,

1035
00:45:07.440 --> 00:45:09.270
or Kure Atoll, which we remember,

1036
00:45:09.270 --> 00:45:12.853
its ancestral name is Hōlanikū, they can click into that,

1037
00:45:17.400 --> 00:45:20.240
and they are going to have all kinds.

1038
00:45:20.240 --> 00:45:23.230
This is probably a little bit bandwidth heavy for me,

1039
00:45:23.230 --> 00:45:26.400
but I'll let you see a couple of the photos here.

1040
00:45:26.400 --> 00:45:27.530
They're gonna have all kinds of

1041
00:45:27.530 --> 00:45:30.590
just incredible footage to look at,

1042
00:45:30.590 --> 00:45:33.020
both of the scientific work going on,

1043
00:45:33.020 --> 00:45:34.227
and then of specific species.

1044
00:45:34.227 --> 00:45:35.380
And so, we're asking students

1045
00:45:35.380 --> 00:45:37.230
to actually gather data this way.

1046
00:45:37.230 --> 00:45:39.240
What kind of marine organisms are they seeing?

1047
00:45:39.240 --> 00:45:41.117
How would they describe the reefs that they're seeing?

1048
00:45:41.117 --> 00:45:42.410
And so, that way it goes beyond

1049
00:45:42.410 --> 00:45:44.110
just their one particular area

1050
00:45:44.110 --> 00:45:46.850
that we're asking them to do coral bleaching assessments.

1051
00:45:46.850 --> 00:45:49.663
I'm gonna zoom you in on this eel image here.

1052
00:45:52.060 --> 00:45:55.640
And so, another great thing is that down,

1053
00:45:55.640 --> 00:45:57.640
as soon as it loads, there we go,

1054
00:45:57.640 --> 00:45:58.970
there down below the image,

1055
00:45:58.970 --> 00:46:00.760
there's a description of what they're seeing.

1056
00:46:00.760 --> 00:46:03.510
And often there is a link to maybe an article

1057
00:46:03.510 --> 00:46:06.630
that was written about this particular research project,

1058
00:46:06.630 --> 00:46:07.970
or other things that students can get

1059
00:46:07.970 --> 00:46:11.370
a little bit more information about what they're seeing.

1060
00:46:11.370 --> 00:46:16.090
They also, oops, I have my control boxes in the way.

1061
00:46:16.090 --> 00:46:17.659
There we go.

1062
00:46:17.659 --> 00:46:21.900
On the far right is a download button.

1063
00:46:21.900 --> 00:46:23.870
We do have some professional photographers

1064
00:46:23.870 --> 00:46:25.410
who have shared their stuff up here.

1065
00:46:25.410 --> 00:46:28.430
Those you can't download, but you can view,

1066
00:46:28.430 --> 00:46:32.090
but if they were done by public employees

1067
00:46:32.090 --> 00:46:34.260
or that people didn't wanna put a copyright on it,

1068
00:46:34.260 --> 00:46:36.600
there's a lot here that you can actually download

1069
00:46:36.600 --> 00:46:38.780
and you can choose a size that makes sense for you.

1070
00:46:38.780 --> 00:46:40.930
So students, this is a great resource

1071
00:46:40.930 --> 00:46:42.510
for your presentations.

1072
00:46:42.510 --> 00:46:45.250
People are gonna be wowed by what you can share.

1073
00:46:45.250 --> 00:46:46.700
All right, and I am running out of time,

1074
00:46:46.700 --> 00:46:51.070
but I have to show you the last resource here.

1075
00:46:51.070 --> 00:46:53.050
This is NOAA's Coral Reef Watch.

1076
00:46:53.050 --> 00:46:57.500
So this is really what we're using for unit two.

1077
00:46:57.500 --> 00:46:59.290
And you can see that there are actually

1078
00:46:59.290 --> 00:47:03.480
NOAA virtual stations measuring heat stress

1079
00:47:03.480 --> 00:47:05.720
all over the world, but I'm gonna zoom you in

1080
00:47:05.720 --> 00:47:08.640
to the main Hawaiian islands alert gauges

1081
00:47:08.640 --> 00:47:11.828
and time series graph.

1082
00:47:11.828 --> 00:47:12.670
And so, I'm gonna be looking away

1083
00:47:12.670 --> 00:47:15.330
at my bigger screen here for this part.

1084
00:47:15.330 --> 00:47:18.060
So what students are learning about is,

1085
00:47:18.060 --> 00:47:20.770
how can I see what heat stress

1086
00:47:20.770 --> 00:47:22.860
is impacting my corals right now?

1087
00:47:22.860 --> 00:47:26.290
'Cause there's a very small time delay on what's going on.

1088
00:47:26.290 --> 00:47:28.640
So here, right now in February,

1089
00:47:28.640 --> 00:47:30.350
it's winter for us here in Hawai'i.

1090
00:47:30.350 --> 00:47:32.980
So we have a nice, clear screen.

1091
00:47:32.980 --> 00:47:35.340
We're looking at this box in the upper left

1092
00:47:35.340 --> 00:47:37.860
is the current data.

1093
00:47:37.860 --> 00:47:40.740
And then there's forecasts going out four weeks,

1094
00:47:40.740 --> 00:47:42.630
8 weeks and 12 weeks.

1095
00:47:42.630 --> 00:47:45.110
So students can click on any of those for a zoom in.

1096
00:47:45.110 --> 00:47:45.943
We're not gonna do that,

1097
00:47:45.943 --> 00:47:47.920
'cause there's nothing to really look at here.

1098
00:47:47.920 --> 00:47:50.740
These gauges on the right are telling them,

1099
00:47:50.740 --> 00:47:53.840
so what kind of impact does this map,

1100
00:47:53.840 --> 00:47:55.820
does this heat stress have on our corals?

1101
00:47:55.820 --> 00:47:57.230
There's no stress.

1102
00:47:57.230 --> 00:47:58.420
And then moving into kinda like

1103
00:47:58.420 --> 00:48:01.320
what we do for tornadoes or tsunamis,

1104
00:48:01.320 --> 00:48:04.080
there's a watch and a warning.

1105
00:48:04.080 --> 00:48:06.520
Once we get to the point where coral,

1106
00:48:06.520 --> 00:48:08.800
we're gonna likely see coral bleaching,

1107
00:48:08.800 --> 00:48:11.530
we hit this light red alert level one.

1108
00:48:11.530 --> 00:48:13.490
And once we get to the point where we have

1109
00:48:13.490 --> 00:48:14.840
enough heat built up

1110
00:48:14.840 --> 00:48:18.910
that we're gonna likely see coral death or mortality,

1111
00:48:18.910 --> 00:48:21.960
then we get into this dark red alert level two.

1112
00:48:21.960 --> 00:48:24.940
So I'm gonna show you what this looks like

1113
00:48:24.940 --> 00:48:27.010
during a hotter period of the year,

1114
00:48:27.010 --> 00:48:29.450
and do that first by showing you

1115
00:48:29.450 --> 00:48:30.840
this cool time series graph.

1116
00:48:30.840 --> 00:48:32.810
So this is lesson three,

1117
00:48:32.810 --> 00:48:34.630
is really carefully walking students

1118
00:48:34.630 --> 00:48:36.930
how to read this graph, or aspects of it.

1119
00:48:36.930 --> 00:48:40.870
You can see here that we have the same gauges down below.

1120
00:48:40.870 --> 00:48:42.610
So we've got from no stress,

1121
00:48:42.610 --> 00:48:46.060
over to alert level two along the bottom x-axis.

1122
00:48:46.060 --> 00:48:49.880
We've got the months of the year along here,

1123
00:48:49.880 --> 00:48:54.493
January, February, March for two years, 2021 and 2022.

1124
00:48:55.640 --> 00:48:57.420
So we can see that the last couple years

1125
00:48:57.420 --> 00:48:59.000
have actually not been bad for corals.

1126
00:48:59.000 --> 00:49:00.920
We haven't had that heavy accumulation

1127
00:49:00.920 --> 00:49:03.560
of sea surface temperatures,

1128
00:49:03.560 --> 00:49:05.630
but students are gonna go

1129
00:49:05.630 --> 00:49:08.360
and they're gonna look farther back in time.

1130
00:49:08.360 --> 00:49:11.160
So let's take a look at 2018 to 2019.

1131
00:49:11.160 --> 00:49:14.500
And that dropdown menu goes all the way back to 1986.

1132
00:49:14.500 --> 00:49:17.400
Aha, so if you look over here at 2019,

1133
00:49:17.400 --> 00:49:18.800
you're gonna see that there actually was

1134
00:49:18.800 --> 00:49:22.290
a significant thermal stress period.

1135
00:49:22.290 --> 00:49:23.900
And so, we can go here and we can see, okay,

1136
00:49:23.900 --> 00:49:25.710
we remember that this orangish color

1137
00:49:25.710 --> 00:49:27.300
is a bleaching warning.

1138
00:49:27.300 --> 00:49:30.010
The red means that we have alert level one,

1139
00:49:30.010 --> 00:49:32.000
meaning bleaching is likely,

1140
00:49:32.000 --> 00:49:33.860
and then we have this huge period

1141
00:49:33.860 --> 00:49:36.690
from late September into October

1142
00:49:36.690 --> 00:49:38.140
where we were in alert level two,

1143
00:49:38.140 --> 00:49:39.420
meaning mortality was likely.

1144
00:49:39.420 --> 00:49:41.290
So that was a lot of heat buildup.

1145
00:49:41.290 --> 00:49:42.670
This doesn't tell us where,

1146
00:49:42.670 --> 00:49:46.200
and our students are studying their particular site.

1147
00:49:46.200 --> 00:49:48.520
So they wanna know, how did this impact my site?

1148
00:49:48.520 --> 00:49:51.150
And so, we can take this bigger-picture information,

1149
00:49:51.150 --> 00:49:56.150
October, 2019, and go back up to our maps.

1150
00:49:56.150 --> 00:49:58.510
And now, I'm gonna change our date.

1151
00:49:58.510 --> 00:50:02.700
Let's look at 2019 in October,

1152
00:50:02.700 --> 00:50:05.723
and let's pick maybe middle of the month.

1153
00:50:07.830 --> 00:50:09.100
Yeah, so now it's changed.

1154
00:50:09.100 --> 00:50:10.930
And we're only gonna look at the current

1155
00:50:10.930 --> 00:50:12.210
because we're looking at the past,

1156
00:50:12.210 --> 00:50:13.670
so we don't need to see any forecasts.

1157
00:50:13.670 --> 00:50:15.770
I'm gonna click on this map, the current,

1158
00:50:15.770 --> 00:50:17.133
and it blows it up for us.

1159
00:50:18.610 --> 00:50:19.443
And then from here,

1160
00:50:19.443 --> 00:50:21.940
your students can take a look at their sites.

1161
00:50:21.940 --> 00:50:24.150
They've learned already where their sites are located

1162
00:50:24.150 --> 00:50:25.300
within the main Hawaiian islands.

1163
00:50:25.300 --> 00:50:28.110
There's another map for the Northwestern Hawaiian islands,

1164
00:50:28.110 --> 00:50:30.430
and they could be seeing, oh my goodness,

1165
00:50:30.430 --> 00:50:34.330
West Hawai'i in particular was suffering

1166
00:50:34.330 --> 00:50:37.290
from alert level two during that time of year.

1167
00:50:37.290 --> 00:50:38.610
And so, they would be doing this

1168
00:50:38.610 --> 00:50:41.580
for all of the different two-year views

1169
00:50:41.580 --> 00:50:42.703
going all the way back to 1986

1170
00:50:42.703 --> 00:50:45.340
so that they can start to build a picture of like,

1171
00:50:45.340 --> 00:50:48.180
how many times have my study sites

1172
00:50:48.180 --> 00:50:53.100
been dealing with coral bleaching or even mortality events?

1173
00:50:53.100 --> 00:50:54.660
And this is where kind of going back

1174
00:50:54.660 --> 00:50:56.380
to being a coral scientist,

1175
00:50:56.380 --> 00:50:58.130
you would then go and do some on-the-ground

1176
00:50:58.130 --> 00:50:59.230
or in-the-water monitoring

1177
00:50:59.230 --> 00:51:01.820
to see what the actual impact was.

1178
00:51:01.820 --> 00:51:05.250
The nice thing is students can also breeze through

1179
00:51:05.250 --> 00:51:07.160
the different dates or switch around

1180
00:51:07.160 --> 00:51:09.490
so they're not just looking at one day.

1181
00:51:09.490 --> 00:51:12.330
They can kinda see how the heat stress areas

1182
00:51:12.330 --> 00:51:15.120
change on the map over time, because maybe,

1183
00:51:15.120 --> 00:51:17.880
for example, Lehua, which is a small island

1184
00:51:17.880 --> 00:51:21.660
just north of Niʻihau here off the far upper left,

1185
00:51:21.660 --> 00:51:25.530
that right now is only under a coral reef watch,

1186
00:51:25.530 --> 00:51:26.650
coral bleaching watch.

1187
00:51:26.650 --> 00:51:28.330
But later on, just from memory,

1188
00:51:28.330 --> 00:51:30.990
I'm remembering that it actually shifted

1189
00:51:30.990 --> 00:51:34.400
to a alert level one during part of that time.

1190
00:51:34.400 --> 00:51:36.900
So students would wanna make sure they do that.

1191
00:51:36.900 --> 00:51:40.070
All right, so I'm going to close that,

1192
00:51:40.070 --> 00:51:43.903
and bring us back to our slides,

1193
00:51:45.330 --> 00:51:48.340
and leave you a little bit of time for questions,

1194
00:51:48.340 --> 00:51:51.340
but please, I know I took a little bit of time with those.

1195
00:51:51.340 --> 00:51:52.390
If you have any questions,

1196
00:51:52.390 --> 00:51:54.680
please put 'em in the chat in the question box,

1197
00:51:54.680 --> 00:51:57.550
and Claire and Chloe will email them to me

1198
00:51:57.550 --> 00:52:00.030
and I'll answer them there and respond back

1199
00:52:00.030 --> 00:52:02.360
as we share the archive of this.

1200
00:52:02.360 --> 00:52:05.770
I did wanna let you know that I'm considering

1201
00:52:05.770 --> 00:52:08.040
doing a more in-depth teachers' workshop

1202
00:52:08.040 --> 00:52:09.500
if I get enough interest.

1203
00:52:09.500 --> 00:52:13.640
So right now, I'm tentatively holding the March 15th date

1204
00:52:13.640 --> 00:52:16.623
from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM Hawai'i standard time.

1205
00:52:17.460 --> 00:52:19.450
At that time, I can't remember if we're

1206
00:52:19.450 --> 00:52:22.030
five or six hours difference for Eastern Standard Time.

1207
00:52:22.030 --> 00:52:25.680
We don't do daylight savings here, but please email me.

1208
00:52:25.680 --> 00:52:27.780
My email is there, if you're interested,

1209
00:52:27.780 --> 00:52:28.990
and if we get enough interest,

1210
00:52:28.990 --> 00:52:30.240
then we'll set something up

1211
00:52:30.240 --> 00:52:31.490
and we can take some more time

1212
00:52:31.490 --> 00:52:32.460
walking through the curriculum.

1213
00:52:32.460 --> 00:52:35.820
In the meantime, please do not hesitate to contact me

1214
00:52:35.820 --> 00:52:38.730
and we can talk, just talk more about your experience,

1215
00:52:38.730 --> 00:52:41.283
and I'd love to hear how it goes for you.

1216
00:52:42.130 --> 00:52:43.950
Thank you so much.
<v ->Excellent.</v>

1217
00:52:43.950 --> 00:52:45.340
Thank you so much, Justin.

1218
00:52:45.340 --> 00:52:49.010
We're getting some good feedback from the attendees

1219
00:52:49.010 --> 00:52:50.210
that this is excellent.

1220
00:52:50.210 --> 00:52:52.640
Love the interactive approach.

1221
00:52:52.640 --> 00:52:54.680
And we do have some questions coming in.

1222
00:52:54.680 --> 00:52:57.300
So let's go ahead, Chloe,

1223
00:52:57.300 --> 00:53:00.093
go ahead and pick one of the first questions for us.

1224
00:53:01.370 --> 00:53:05.420
<v ->Sure, I think the first two kind of go with each other.</v>

1225
00:53:05.420 --> 00:53:07.730
Someone is asking for more information

1226
00:53:07.730 --> 00:53:09.380
on volunteer information

1227
00:53:09.380 --> 00:53:13.310
for how to get involved in Hawai'i,

1228
00:53:13.310 --> 00:53:15.290
as well as, someone else asked,

1229
00:53:15.290 --> 00:53:17.520
is Hawai'i still doing humpback counting

1230
00:53:17.520 --> 00:53:19.730
as a volunteer opportunity?

1231
00:53:19.730 --> 00:53:20.726
<v ->They are.</v>

1232
00:53:20.726 --> 00:53:22.090
It's a little adapted,

1233
00:53:22.090 --> 00:53:25.787
but if you go to our sister sanctuary's website,

1234
00:53:25.787 --> 00:53:28.790
the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whales

1235
00:53:28.790 --> 00:53:29.670
National Marine Sanctuary,

1236
00:53:29.670 --> 00:53:33.030
maybe we can throw that in the chat.

1237
00:53:33.030 --> 00:53:35.130
I think they already started

1238
00:53:35.130 --> 00:53:37.810
because we're pretty far into the season,

1239
00:53:37.810 --> 00:53:41.113
but you can learn more about that on their website.

1240
00:53:42.420 --> 00:53:43.253
<v ->Yeah, excellent.</v>

1241
00:53:43.253 --> 00:53:44.830
Little scaled back 'cause of the pandemic,

1242
00:53:44.830 --> 00:53:48.940
but still collecting good data, the sanctuary ocean count.

1243
00:53:48.940 --> 00:53:50.837
<v ->And it is whaley this year, let me tell ya.</v>

1244
00:53:50.837 --> 00:53:52.400
It has been so-
<v ->That's awesome.</v>

1245
00:53:52.400 --> 00:53:54.070
<v ->A mom and juvenile just off the shore</v>

1246
00:53:54.070 --> 00:53:55.460
of one of our local beaches,

1247
00:53:55.460 --> 00:53:57.487
and the juvenile was just breaching left and right.

1248
00:53:57.487 --> 00:53:58.520
It was really fun.

1249
00:53:58.520 --> 00:54:00.313
<v ->Oh, that's so exciting to see.</v>

1250
00:54:01.500 --> 00:54:03.333
We do have a question about,

1251
00:54:05.360 --> 00:54:08.010
does bleached coral come back?

1252
00:54:08.010 --> 00:54:10.250
Like, is there any survival

1253
00:54:10.250 --> 00:54:12.870
once they've hit that coral stress?

1254
00:54:12.870 --> 00:54:13.950
<v ->Thank you for bringing that up.</v>

1255
00:54:13.950 --> 00:54:15.453
I did not talk about that.

1256
00:54:16.780 --> 00:54:21.090
Once coral is bleached, once the stress event has left

1257
00:54:21.090 --> 00:54:22.520
and temperatures are back to normal

1258
00:54:22.520 --> 00:54:24.350
or what other stress it was,

1259
00:54:24.350 --> 00:54:26.260
then they can bring that zooxanthellae

1260
00:54:26.260 --> 00:54:28.890
back into their bodies, and so they can recover.

1261
00:54:28.890 --> 00:54:32.080
So part of the concern and the reason for that lesson three

1262
00:54:32.080 --> 00:54:36.790
is that it's that kind of more frequent occurrences

1263
00:54:36.790 --> 00:54:37.890
of these heat stress events

1264
00:54:37.890 --> 00:54:40.670
that makes it harder for coral to recover

1265
00:54:40.670 --> 00:54:43.477
and to kind of reestablish with the zooxanthellae.

1266
00:54:43.477 --> 00:54:44.743
But it can be done.

1267
00:54:48.130 --> 00:54:50.140
<v ->Another question is, what type of waters</v>

1268
00:54:50.140 --> 00:54:51.883
can coral reefs be found in?

1269
00:54:53.780 --> 00:54:55.683
<v ->Oh, it's pretty varied.</v>

1270
00:54:59.113 --> 00:55:02.710
If you go to the data, NOAA data in the classroom,

1271
00:55:02.710 --> 00:55:05.860
they actually, the first level one activity

1272
00:55:05.860 --> 00:55:09.140
is talking about kind of the band of temperatures

1273
00:55:09.140 --> 00:55:11.930
around the equator where corals thrive.

1274
00:55:11.930 --> 00:55:12.790
So I think that would probably be

1275
00:55:12.790 --> 00:55:15.320
the most visually easy for you to see,

1276
00:55:15.320 --> 00:55:16.420
'cause there's a temperature range

1277
00:55:16.420 --> 00:55:17.620
that corals really need,

1278
00:55:19.420 --> 00:55:20.870
at least shallow reef corals.

1279
00:55:22.970 --> 00:55:24.190
<v ->This is an interesting one.</v>

1280
00:55:24.190 --> 00:55:26.243
So a couple of years ago,

1281
00:55:27.340 --> 00:55:29.340
this teacher saw a science fair project

1282
00:55:29.340 --> 00:55:32.170
about deodorants and bleaching.

1283
00:55:32.170 --> 00:55:34.740
I know you talked about sunscreens,

1284
00:55:34.740 --> 00:55:36.770
and I mean even here in California,

1285
00:55:36.770 --> 00:55:39.220
I see coral safe sunscreens now,

1286
00:55:39.220 --> 00:55:42.260
but is there like any issue with deodorant?

1287
00:55:42.260 --> 00:55:44.660
Is there a safer type of deodorant to use?

1288
00:55:44.660 --> 00:55:46.470
Is that something that's come up?

1289
00:55:46.470 --> 00:55:48.080
<v ->I am afraid I don't know.</v>

1290
00:55:48.080 --> 00:55:50.923
That would be a good thing to look on the NOAA's

1291
00:55:52.220 --> 00:55:55.526
Coral Reef Conservation Program's website, maybe.

1292
00:55:55.526 --> 00:55:59.530
I've only seen research for the certain chemicals

1293
00:55:59.530 --> 00:56:01.220
in sunscreens that almost, I mean,

1294
00:56:01.220 --> 00:56:02.870
they work as a sunscreen and they make it hard

1295
00:56:02.870 --> 00:56:05.103
for the zooxanthellae to photosynthesize,

1296
00:56:06.100 --> 00:56:06.933
but that's all I'm aware of.

1297
00:56:06.933 --> 00:56:08.483
I'm sorry, I'm not sure.

1298
00:56:11.760 --> 00:56:14.100
<v ->All right, I think we need to, let's see,</v>

1299
00:56:14.100 --> 00:56:15.650
sorry, go ahead and wrap up.

1300
00:56:15.650 --> 00:56:18.003
So I'll go ahead and run these for you, Chloe.

1301
00:56:20.050 --> 00:56:22.650
<v ->Thank you everyone.</v>
<v ->Yes, so thank you.</v>

1302
00:56:22.650 --> 00:56:25.020
Yeah, thank you to Justin.

1303
00:56:25.020 --> 00:56:26.630
And thank you to everyone

1304
00:56:26.630 --> 00:56:29.460
for participating in today's presentation.

1305
00:56:29.460 --> 00:56:32.360
A recording of the webinar will be posted eventually

1306
00:56:32.360 --> 00:56:37.360
to our archived site of where all our webinars go

1307
00:56:37.450 --> 00:56:40.590
on National Marine Sanctuary's Webinar Series,

1308
00:56:40.590 --> 00:56:43.200
and everyone that registered for the webinar

1309
00:56:43.200 --> 00:56:44.440
will also receive an email

1310
00:56:44.440 --> 00:56:48.420
when this link archive is available.

1311
00:56:48.420 --> 00:56:50.150
All attendees to the live presentation

1312
00:56:50.150 --> 00:56:52.490
will also receive a certificate of attendance

1313
00:56:52.490 --> 00:56:54.953
for one hour of professional development.

1314
00:56:56.520 --> 00:56:58.630
And something else that we love to plug

1315
00:56:58.630 --> 00:57:00.540
is we have been conducting evaluations

1316
00:57:00.540 --> 00:57:03.280
of the webinar series since 2016.

1317
00:57:03.280 --> 00:57:05.380
We would greatly appreciate if you complete

1318
00:57:05.380 --> 00:57:07.550
the short six-question survey

1319
00:57:07.550 --> 00:57:10.460
that can be completed in two to three minutes.

1320
00:57:10.460 --> 00:57:11.940
And if you are a formal educator,

1321
00:57:11.940 --> 00:57:14.290
which I know a lot are on today,

1322
00:57:14.290 --> 00:57:15.610
and you're willing to participate

1323
00:57:15.610 --> 00:57:17.290
in a longer NOAA survey

1324
00:57:17.290 --> 00:57:19.530
about distance learning and multimedia,

1325
00:57:19.530 --> 00:57:21.580
I will put the link in the chat for that.

1326
00:57:25.410 --> 00:57:27.660
And this concludes today's live presentation.

1327
00:57:27.660 --> 00:57:29.360
Thank you for joining us, everyone.

1328
00:57:29.360 --> 00:57:30.500
<v ->Yeah, thanks again, Justin.</v>

1329
00:57:30.500 --> 00:57:31.610
Thanks Chloe.

1330
00:57:31.610 --> 00:57:32.590
Have a great day, everyone.

1331
00:57:32.590 --> 00:57:33.920
Thanks for joining.

1332
00:57:33.920 --> 00:57:35.383
<v Justin>Thank you everyone. Aloha!</v>