WEBVTT
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Aloha kākou,
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A warm welcome to Mokupāpapa Discovery Center's
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Third Thursday by the Bay Lecture Series.
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ʻO Malia Evans koʻu inoa. My name is Malia Evans,
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and we're so happy to have Kevin O'Brien with us today.
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And he'll be talking about "Marine Debris
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in Papahānaumokuākea: A Shift in Thinking".
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These webinars are provided
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by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries.
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We are always really excited when we have opportunities
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to connect with each one of you
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who are interested in learning
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about some of the exploration, research, and discoveries
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occurring across our sanctuary system.
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But first, a little housekeeping.
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I just wanna double-check with Justin,
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is our broadcast recording?
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There seems to be an issue. Can you hear me?
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I can hear you.
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If somebody in the audience can see us,
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can you please type in the chat box,
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or question box, to let us know,
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because there seems to be a loading issue
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with our broadcast?
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I'll type into the...
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There we go.
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One second.
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Someone could type in, if one of you audience members
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could type in that you see us, and hear us.
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Looks like we do have people who can see us.
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Okay, so, I apologize, it must be something on my end.
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But we will start the broadcast.
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Everyone, we'll start (indistinct).
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Alrighty, thanks for hanging in there.
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That's what happens, right,
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technology glitches all the time.
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We just gotta go with the flow.
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So, we're just gonna do a little housekeeping.
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All attendees are coming into GoToWebinar
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in listen-only mode.
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You don't have the ability to mute or unmute yourselves,
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but there is a question comment box on your control panel.
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There will be opportunities for you to respond
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to several polls as well.
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During the Q&A portion,
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you'll be able to type in your questions and/or comments.
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We will be recording, hopefully, this webinar,
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and we'll have it publicly available online in a few weeks.
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We will start off our presentation with cultural protocol.
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This chant that I'll be doing sets the space
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for the giving and receiving of information and knowledge.
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Hopefully, by listening to the chat
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and viewing the stunning images,
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you'll understand why Papahānaumokuākea
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is such a sacred place worthy of protection.
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I'm gonna turn off my camera
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and so you all can enjoy the beautiful imagery.
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[Mele No Papahānaumokuākea]
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Before we get into the presentation from Kevin O'Brien,
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I wanna give you a brief introduction
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to our sanctuary system.
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You are looking at a map that highlights
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the numerous underwater treasures that we at NOAA
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are privileged to mālama, or steward,
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for future generations.
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50 years ago, the U.S. ushered in
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a new era of ocean conservation
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by creating the National Marine Sanctuary System.
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Since then, we've grown into a nationwide network
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of 15 national marine sanctuaries
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and two marine national monuments,
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including Papahānaumokuākea
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that conserved more than 620,000 square miles
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of spectacular ocean and great lakes waters.
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Here in the Pacific, our protected areas
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can be found in American Samoa,
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here in the Occupied Hawaiian Islands,
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and within Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.
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In 2002, the National Marine Sanctuary Act turns 50.
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In the year leading up to the anniversary,
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we celebrate the progress made over the past 50 years
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and look to the future, and the actions we need to take
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to make sure ocean and great lakes thrive
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for the next 50 years, and beyond.
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Our theme for the anniversary, Save Spectacular,
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is an invitation to discover the wonders
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of our national marine sanctuaries
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and work together as stewards
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to conserve our ocean and great lakes.
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We invite all of you to save spectacular.
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One of our most spectacular and largest protected areas
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is Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument,
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which encompasses over 582,000 square miles.
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We will be learning more about the sacred lands and seascape
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and the impacts from marine debris
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through Kevin's presentation.
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So, I will introduce our team today.
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So, I am Malia Evans,
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and I work in Education and Native Hawaiian Outreach.
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And my co-host joining me today is Justin Umholtz
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who is our Education Coordinator.
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We both work for the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation
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out of the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center.
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Our center is located on Hilo's historic bayfront
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and established in 2003,
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to bring the story of our remote Northwestern-most islands,
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which we refer to as our kūpuna,
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or ancestral islands, directly to the people.
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Our exhibits, including a 3,500-gallon saltwater aquarium
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with native reef fish, and educational tours
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and outreach activities,
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inform and engage thousands of visitors
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and school-aged children yearly.
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Now we're doing it mostly virtually,
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but hopefully we'll be back open next year.
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The National Marine Sanctuary seek to preserve the beauty
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and biodiversity of these special marine places,
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while also providing a place where endangered
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and endemic marine and terrestrial creatures
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can seek shelter and protection.
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Our system-wide sanctuaries and monuments
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protect places of cultural significance,
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like this heiau,
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a ritual structure on Mokumanamana.
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And some of the nation's most iconic marine
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and cultural heritage features,
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like shipwrecks and other significant artifacts.
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National marine sanctuaries are mandated to conduct research
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and to monitor and protect the cultural, historic,
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and natural resources contained within them.
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We provide resource protection and management
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of America's underwater treasures
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to preserve them for future generations.
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Sanctuaries connect people and communities
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through science, education, and stewardship.
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We also provide opportunities
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to connect with the sanctuaries near you
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through our educational and outreach programs,
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and to participate in volunteer activities.
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These special cases are protected for us collectively,
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and for those who come after us, who will be able to connect
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with this spectacular natural world that surrounds us.
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In today's presentation,
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'Marine Debris in Papahānaumokuākea:
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A Shift in Thinking', we will learn more
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about the three large-scale debris-removal efforts
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in Papahānaumokuākea this year,
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and how they led to a shift in the way we think
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about solving the problem of marine debris in the monument.
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I'd like to extend a warm aloha and welcome
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to Kevin O'Brien, President and Founder
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of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine Debris Project.
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Take it away, Kevin.
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[Kevin] Aloha kākou!
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Thank you so much for having me here today.
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It's a great honor, and I was really thrilled
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when was asked to come and speak because I can talk for days
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about marine debris in Papahānaumokuākea.
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And so, I'm gonna go ahead and start my presentation now.
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Let me know if you're able to see my presentation screen.
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In the meantime, I'll introduce myself a little bit.
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My name's Kevin O'Brien and I'm the President and Founder
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of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine Debris Project,
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otherwise known as PMDP Hawaiʻi.
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And this organization is a nonprofit
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that we started about two years ago
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in order to essentially be the hub
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around which these large-scale marine debris projects
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are able to be organized
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in order to provide the driving force
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for continuing this work in the monument
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that's so important.
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A little bit about myself, I worked for 12 years
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for the NOAA Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center,
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and over the course of my work there
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had a hand in lots of the coral-reef monitoring
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around the Pacific, but at the same time,
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also a passion project developed,
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which was helping to coordinate
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the large-scale marine-debris removals
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from Papahānaumokuākea.
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And my story sort of begins
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heading up their bright-eyed bushy-tailed
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straight out of undergrad in 2007
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and seeing this incredible place
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and witnessing this place like nowhere else on earth,
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where you can see this problem of marine debris
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right up in your face, and you can see daily, hourly,
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the interaction between marine debris
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and the wildlife up there.
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So, I'll give a brief outline here
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of the presentation today.
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First, I'm gonna start with the overview
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of the marine debris issue in the monument
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and the history of the removal project within the monument,
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followed by an introduction to our organization,
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and some thoughts on the shifting model
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of how we solve this problem.
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And then I'll recap our fiscal year 2021 removal activities,
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three large-scale removal projects,
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and then we'll look ahead to 2022.
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So, thank you for joining me.
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All right, we had a slight delay on the slides loading,
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and so, I apologize if that's the case,
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however, you should be seeing a map of the monument.
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So, here's Papahānaumokuākea.
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Many of you already know much about this place,
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but when I'm speaking about it in terms of marine debris,
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there are some specific things to know.
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Essentially, most of the locations
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that accumulate a lot of marine debris
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exist at the tail end of the chain.
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And these locations have essentially suitable habitat
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for catching and retaining marine debris,
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and that is sandy shorelines
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bordered by shallow coastal waters,
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and shallow coral reefs in calm lagoons.
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And so, when you talk about places like Mokumanamana, Nihoa,
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that are high rocky islands,
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or Gardener Pinnacles, for instance,
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there just isn't the right type of, quote unquote, habitat
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for marine debris to accumulate in any large quantities.
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And so, when we do this work,
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we end up having to head to the end of the chain,
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to Kamole, Kapou, Hōlanikū, Kuaihelani, and Manawai,
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and this is where we conduct most of our work.
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It's pretty far away, Hōlanikū at the very end of the chain
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is over 1,300 miles from Honolulu,
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and so, an ocean platform such as this charter vessel,
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the Imua,
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is our chariot to these places.
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And it's perfect, it's like a big floating pickup truck
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with tons of deck space, two cranes and an A-frame,
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and can essentially handle anything we can throw at it.
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And so, that's been the platform of choice this year
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for our projects.
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Many of you have seen this.
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This is the north Pacific subtropical gyre,
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and you can see here that Hawaiʻi
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and specifically Papahānaumokuākea,
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exists here just to the south
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of the subtropical convergence zone.
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And it is thought by oceanographers
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that during certain cyclical events
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that convergence zone pushes south,
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filtering out large quantities of marine debris
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into Papahānaumokuākea.
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So, here's a drone shot we took a couple of years ago.
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This is of the lagoon in Manawai,
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and you can see that this restructure
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is made up of shallow reefs
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within a foot or two of the surface
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and in a calm-lagoon scenario
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and with a coral species,
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Porites compressa, the finger coral, like this,
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growing in vast coral beds.
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I mean, the lagoon in Pearl and Hermes
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is 18 or 19 miles across,
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and so, you can imagine the amount of area here
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that's suitable for snagging derelict fishing gear.
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So, a study published almost 15 years ago
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00:15:20.380 --> 00:15:23.460
estimated that there are 115,000 pounds,
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00:15:23.460 --> 00:15:27.450
or 52 metric tons of derelict fishing nets alone,
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00:15:27.450 --> 00:15:31.720
washing in to these suitable, quote unquote, net habitats
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00:15:32.700 --> 00:15:34.363
in Papahānaumokuākea.
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00:15:35.250 --> 00:15:38.570
And so, that's sort of the treadmill
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00:15:38.570 --> 00:15:40.610
that we're faced with keeping up with.
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00:15:40.610 --> 00:15:44.030
Every year, another 52 metric tons rolls in
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00:15:44.030 --> 00:15:46.210
and snags up on the reef.
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00:15:46.210 --> 00:15:47.720
And so, this is a tough one
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00:15:47.720 --> 00:15:51.660
because essentially we're at the whim of funding
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00:15:51.660 --> 00:15:53.320
in terms of making these projects happen,
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00:15:53.320 --> 00:15:56.210
and so, when that funding doesn't line up with the cadence
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00:15:56.210 --> 00:15:59.210
that we need to keep up with the project, we fall behind.
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00:15:59.210 --> 00:16:04.190
And so, since 2006,
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00:16:04.190 --> 00:16:07.740
when the NOAA Debris Removal Project
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00:16:07.740 --> 00:16:09.650
in the monument entered maintenance mode,
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00:16:09.650 --> 00:16:11.630
we've been falling behind by,
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00:16:11.630 --> 00:16:15.270
I think it's 16 or 18 metric tons per year, unfortunately.
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00:16:15.270 --> 00:16:20.270
And so, when we calculate all that out, come to 2022,
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00:16:20.340 --> 00:16:22.190
we're looking at an estimated backlog
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00:16:22.190 --> 00:16:23.670
of in-water fishing nets
283
00:16:23.670 --> 00:16:27.040
snagged on the reefs in Papahānaumokuākea,
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00:16:27.040 --> 00:16:31.750
of approximately 700,000 pounds, or 321 metric tons.
285
00:16:31.750 --> 00:16:34.560
Now, this is an estimate that we created in-house here
286
00:16:34.560 --> 00:16:37.480
based on our own more than a decade
287
00:16:37.480 --> 00:16:39.060
of qualitative experience
288
00:16:39.060 --> 00:16:42.110
watching what happens to nets when they snag on the reef.
289
00:16:42.110 --> 00:16:45.950
They may snag on the reef and never move again,
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00:16:45.950 --> 00:16:49.130
grow a lot of algae and plaster themselves over the coral,
291
00:16:49.130 --> 00:16:51.340
or they may snag on the reef
292
00:16:51.340 --> 00:16:54.580
and a storm event may come along and break them off,
293
00:16:54.580 --> 00:16:59.120
breaking up the coral colonies, or they may break off
294
00:16:59.120 --> 00:17:00.180
and then follow with algae
295
00:17:00.180 --> 00:17:02.500
and sink to the bottom of the lagoon.
296
00:17:02.500 --> 00:17:05.300
And so, what's visible and accessible for removal
297
00:17:05.300 --> 00:17:09.210
and still presents a hazard may not be the total here.
298
00:17:09.210 --> 00:17:13.143
So, 321 metric tons is our visible accessible estimate.
299
00:17:16.340 --> 00:17:19.510
So, as you can see here, here's a unfortunate side effect
300
00:17:19.510 --> 00:17:21.940
of derelict fishing nets in coral reefs.
301
00:17:21.940 --> 00:17:24.100
And this is not something that people often think of,
302
00:17:24.100 --> 00:17:25.670
it's usually the entanglement hazards
303
00:17:25.670 --> 00:17:28.280
or the ingestion hazards by wildlife
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00:17:28.280 --> 00:17:30.080
that most people think of,
305
00:17:30.080 --> 00:17:32.680
but here we're looking at coral heads
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00:17:32.680 --> 00:17:35.240
that we cut out of a derelict fishing net
307
00:17:35.240 --> 00:17:37.330
found on the shoreline at Manawai.
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00:17:37.330 --> 00:17:38.260
And this is what happens
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00:17:38.260 --> 00:17:40.640
when these things interact with coral reefs.
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00:17:40.640 --> 00:17:43.390
They can rip these reefs apart,
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00:17:43.390 --> 00:17:46.240
or, in many cases, and this is where we find
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00:17:46.240 --> 00:17:48.260
most of our nets for removal,
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00:17:48.260 --> 00:17:51.970
they get stuck and plaster themselves across the reef,
314
00:17:51.970 --> 00:17:54.183
shading out the living coral underneath.
315
00:17:55.340 --> 00:17:57.030
And so, this is kind of a big deal
316
00:17:57.030 --> 00:18:01.430
and not a problem to be taken lightly.
317
00:18:01.430 --> 00:18:03.630
And so, we conducted some research a couple of years ago,
318
00:18:03.630 --> 00:18:05.220
back when I was still with NOAA,
319
00:18:05.220 --> 00:18:07.370
using some 3D photo mosaic technology,
320
00:18:07.370 --> 00:18:10.410
to try to quantify how much coral
321
00:18:10.410 --> 00:18:13.300
was being impacted by derelict fishing nets.
322
00:18:13.300 --> 00:18:14.670
And if you're into this,
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00:18:14.670 --> 00:18:16.260
you can go ahead and look up this paper
324
00:18:16.260 --> 00:18:18.260
that we just published last year.
325
00:18:18.260 --> 00:18:19.810
Many thanks to the team
326
00:18:19.810 --> 00:18:21.900
at NOAA Pacific Island Fishery Science Center
327
00:18:21.900 --> 00:18:25.370
for spearheading the analysis of this cool data.
328
00:18:25.370 --> 00:18:27.040
But essentially, we discovered
329
00:18:27.040 --> 00:18:30.440
that there is a significant impact to coral reefs
330
00:18:30.440 --> 00:18:33.370
in the sense that reefs with nets on them
331
00:18:33.370 --> 00:18:37.203
have a higher incidence of dead substrate, not surprising.
332
00:18:38.910 --> 00:18:42.550
So, there's two sides to this problem in Papahānaumokuākea,
333
00:18:42.550 --> 00:18:46.930
there's the nets that accumulate on the reefs in the water,
334
00:18:46.930 --> 00:18:51.660
and that's the 52-metric-ton estimate, or 115,000 pounds,
335
00:18:51.660 --> 00:18:54.970
but there's an entirely unaccounted for
336
00:18:55.810 --> 00:18:57.300
second half to the problem,
337
00:18:57.300 --> 00:18:59.690
which is the shoreline accumulation.
338
00:18:59.690 --> 00:19:01.900
And so, right now we don't actually have an estimate
339
00:19:01.900 --> 00:19:05.040
for the annual shoreline accumulation in the monument.
340
00:19:05.040 --> 00:19:07.020
But when you're talking about showing up
341
00:19:07.020 --> 00:19:08.870
at some of these islands to do some work
342
00:19:08.870 --> 00:19:11.143
and the shorelines look like this,
343
00:19:12.000 --> 00:19:14.963
or might look like this,
344
00:19:16.030 --> 00:19:17.560
then you know
345
00:19:17.560 --> 00:19:20.790
that that element of the problem is significant.
346
00:19:20.790 --> 00:19:23.900
And I'll show some examples later of what this might be
347
00:19:23.900 --> 00:19:25.280
and how significant it might be.
348
00:19:25.280 --> 00:19:30.280
I like this photo because it's got all the things in it,
349
00:19:30.690 --> 00:19:35.110
it has how albatross chicks, it has monk seals,
350
00:19:35.110 --> 00:19:37.150
it has floats, it has nets.
351
00:19:37.150 --> 00:19:40.010
And you can just see what sort of a cluttered landscape
352
00:19:40.010 --> 00:19:42.270
that this wildlife has to deal with here
353
00:19:42.270 --> 00:19:43.403
on these shorelines.
354
00:19:44.700 --> 00:19:47.470
Here's another one of my favorite photos,
355
00:19:47.470 --> 00:19:49.930
again, cluttered shorelines,
356
00:19:49.930 --> 00:19:52.560
not only present entanglement hazards in terms of nets,
357
00:19:52.560 --> 00:19:55.233
but also basking and resting impedance
358
00:19:56.530 --> 00:19:58.800
for monk seals and sea turtles
359
00:19:58.800 --> 00:20:01.100
who may be trying to find a choice spot on the beach
360
00:20:01.100 --> 00:20:03.193
to rest or nest.
361
00:20:06.770 --> 00:20:07.640
And the major threat,
362
00:20:07.640 --> 00:20:11.610
and the big reason we do shoreline cleanups is this.
363
00:20:11.610 --> 00:20:13.390
This is a monk seal
364
00:20:13.390 --> 00:20:16.170
who just essentially crawled up to take a nap
365
00:20:17.240 --> 00:20:19.340
but decided to sort of loop itself
366
00:20:19.340 --> 00:20:22.180
in amongst the net strands of this shoreline net.
367
00:20:22.180 --> 00:20:24.240
And so, it's very, very dangerous
368
00:20:24.240 --> 00:20:26.120
to have this material on the shoreline,
369
00:20:26.120 --> 00:20:29.830
and it's a huge focus that we need to tackle
370
00:20:29.830 --> 00:20:30.663
in the monument.
371
00:20:32.560 --> 00:20:33.660
Just to give you an example
372
00:20:33.660 --> 00:20:35.030
of the scale of the shoreline problem
373
00:20:35.030 --> 00:20:39.823
since we don't have a true scientific quantitative estimate,
374
00:20:40.770 --> 00:20:43.790
here is Hōlanikū, which is Midway Atoll,
375
00:20:43.790 --> 00:20:48.183
and ever since the earlier days of the NOAA Removal Project,
376
00:20:50.170 --> 00:20:53.633
we have been conducting shorelines survey plots,
377
00:20:54.860 --> 00:20:57.810
conducting accumulation measurements
378
00:20:57.810 --> 00:20:59.610
on shoreline survey plots.
379
00:20:59.610 --> 00:21:01.940
And so, you can see Midway here,
380
00:21:01.940 --> 00:21:03.250
Eastern Island is on the right,
381
00:21:03.250 --> 00:21:06.513
I'm going to zoom in on Eastern Island.
382
00:21:07.900 --> 00:21:10.620
The section of shoreline in red that's highlighted
383
00:21:10.620 --> 00:21:13.360
is a 300-meter segment,
384
00:21:13.360 --> 00:21:14.860
which has been a segment of shoreline
385
00:21:14.860 --> 00:21:16.660
that's been surveyed for almost 10 years
386
00:21:16.660 --> 00:21:18.630
for shoreline accumulation.
387
00:21:18.630 --> 00:21:20.410
And I hope that we soon will have
388
00:21:20.410 --> 00:21:24.230
a shoreline accumulation estimate for the monument,
389
00:21:24.230 --> 00:21:27.520
however, until such time that we can work up this data,
390
00:21:27.520 --> 00:21:28.950
we're stuck with speculation.
391
00:21:28.950 --> 00:21:30.960
So, that's what I'm gonna give you right now.
392
00:21:30.960 --> 00:21:33.010
This is a 300-meter segment.
393
00:21:33.010 --> 00:21:35.020
We just cleaned this segment back in April
394
00:21:35.020 --> 00:21:37.560
on our spring removal mission,
395
00:21:37.560 --> 00:21:39.400
and I'm gonna show you what we found.
396
00:21:39.400 --> 00:21:44.400
So, this section of shoreline represents approximately 0.7%
397
00:21:47.200 --> 00:21:49.930
of sandy suitable shoreline in the monument.
398
00:21:49.930 --> 00:21:51.030
And this is our own estimate
399
00:21:51.030 --> 00:21:53.340
just on the running the tape on Google Earth.
400
00:21:53.340 --> 00:21:55.170
But these islands are so dynamic
401
00:21:55.170 --> 00:21:57.030
that you can't really get a solid estimate
402
00:21:57.030 --> 00:22:00.080
for shoreline area and length every year
403
00:22:00.080 --> 00:22:01.720
because you might come back after the winter
404
00:22:01.720 --> 00:22:05.110
and your island might be a completely different shape.
405
00:22:05.110 --> 00:22:08.450
But this here 300-meter segment was surveyed in April,
406
00:22:08.450 --> 00:22:12.773
and here's a picture of that section of coastline.
407
00:22:14.820 --> 00:22:16.370
It's cluttered, it has some plastics,
408
00:22:16.370 --> 00:22:19.900
a few small nets, some debris, but it's not anything
409
00:22:19.900 --> 00:22:22.290
like some of those photos I showed you before
410
00:22:22.290 --> 00:22:24.530
which were at Laysan Island.
411
00:22:24.530 --> 00:22:27.430
And so, we cleaned this plot,
412
00:22:27.430 --> 00:22:31.020
collected everything, tallied everything by debris type,
413
00:22:31.020 --> 00:22:35.150
and then weighed each bag of debris.
414
00:22:35.150 --> 00:22:37.240
So, we got a total tally and a total weight
415
00:22:37.240 --> 00:22:38.660
for this 300-meter segment.
416
00:22:38.660 --> 00:22:42.890
And what we found was that that 300-meter segment
417
00:22:42.890 --> 00:22:46.800
contained over 3,700 pounds of plastics and nets.
418
00:22:46.800 --> 00:22:51.540
And you can see here this boring spreadsheet,
419
00:22:51.540 --> 00:22:55.526
but this is what we found on that mere 300 meters
420
00:22:55.526 --> 00:22:58.653
of that island, Eastern Island at Hōlanikū.
421
00:22:58.653 --> 00:23:02.660
4,600 plastic fragments, 1,300 bottle caps,
422
00:23:02.660 --> 00:23:07.580
1,200 oyster spacers, 700 hard-plastic fishing buoys,
423
00:23:07.580 --> 00:23:12.110
600 small fishing nets, 300 beverage bottles,
424
00:23:12.110 --> 00:23:15.520
200 jugs and containers, and on down the list,
425
00:23:15.520 --> 00:23:16.493
as you can see.
426
00:23:17.710 --> 00:23:20.540
And so, when that particular stretch of shoreline
427
00:23:20.540 --> 00:23:24.740
represents less than 1% of shorelines in the monument,
428
00:23:24.740 --> 00:23:25.610
you could do the math.
429
00:23:25.610 --> 00:23:27.440
Obviously, that's not statistically sound,
430
00:23:27.440 --> 00:23:31.240
but do the math and extrapolate that
431
00:23:31.240 --> 00:23:33.720
to the rest of the monument shoreline areas,
432
00:23:33.720 --> 00:23:37.033
and what you have is a staggeringly large problem.
433
00:23:38.380 --> 00:23:39.770
To further elaborate on that,
434
00:23:39.770 --> 00:23:42.313
same island, same survey back in April,
435
00:23:43.610 --> 00:23:46.520
this is a mile-and-a-half section of shoreline
436
00:23:46.520 --> 00:23:49.503
that we surveyed and removed for just derelict fishing net.
437
00:23:50.980 --> 00:23:54.253
And this is a photo,
438
00:23:57.730 --> 00:24:02.730
if it will load, this is a photo of the team.
439
00:24:05.380 --> 00:24:07.940
We call it storming the beach, seek and destroy,
440
00:24:07.940 --> 00:24:10.220
storm the beach, find the entanglement hazards,
441
00:24:10.220 --> 00:24:11.440
get them to the boat.
442
00:24:11.440 --> 00:24:14.520
This is a shot of the team on that stretch of shoreline.
443
00:24:14.520 --> 00:24:17.460
And what that yielded was
444
00:24:19.030 --> 00:24:22.470
over 21,000 pounds of fishing net.
445
00:24:22.470 --> 00:24:24.130
And this amount of shoreline represents
446
00:24:24.130 --> 00:24:25.850
about 5% of the available
447
00:24:25.850 --> 00:24:29.660
suitable debris-collecting shoreline in the monument.
448
00:24:29.660 --> 00:24:30.810
And so, again, do the math
449
00:24:30.810 --> 00:24:33.253
and look at the scale of the shoreline problem.
450
00:24:34.420 --> 00:24:36.720
Can't quote me on that, it's not backed up by statistics,
451
00:24:36.720 --> 00:24:38.850
but just as a qualitative example
452
00:24:38.850 --> 00:24:42.443
of what we're dealing with, it's off the charts.
453
00:24:44.790 --> 00:24:46.450
So, I wanted to go into a little history
454
00:24:46.450 --> 00:24:48.823
of the cleanup project in the monument,
455
00:24:49.670 --> 00:24:53.677
and it all began back in the late '90s with NOAA
456
00:24:53.677 --> 00:24:56.350
and the Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center,
457
00:24:56.350 --> 00:24:58.010
sort of taking it into their own hands
458
00:24:58.010 --> 00:25:00.470
to do something about this problem
459
00:25:00.470 --> 00:25:02.190
of derelict fishing nets in the water
460
00:25:02.190 --> 00:25:05.253
that had been accumulating for many decades, I would assume.
461
00:25:06.240 --> 00:25:11.240
And so, starting in 1996, NOAA developed a removal program
462
00:25:11.870 --> 00:25:14.040
that really ramped up in the early 2000s
463
00:25:14.040 --> 00:25:18.540
to essentially become a very successful campaign
464
00:25:20.360 --> 00:25:24.920
during which over 2.1 million pounds
465
00:25:24.920 --> 00:25:27.710
of this derelict fishing net was removed
466
00:25:27.710 --> 00:25:29.760
over the course of the NOAA-led projects.
467
00:25:30.820 --> 00:25:35.810
And so, this was a wonderful project,
468
00:25:35.810 --> 00:25:38.320
but unfortunately, it was at the mercy
469
00:25:38.320 --> 00:25:39.600
of the winds of federal funding,
470
00:25:39.600 --> 00:25:42.470
as most things are within the government,
471
00:25:42.470 --> 00:25:45.260
and also competition with other scientific projects
472
00:25:45.260 --> 00:25:49.330
for increasingly limited ship and field staff resources.
473
00:25:49.330 --> 00:25:51.430
And unfortunately, to make matters worse,
474
00:25:51.430 --> 00:25:53.640
it was sort of a square peg into a round hole
475
00:25:53.640 --> 00:25:54.490
in the sense that
476
00:25:55.370 --> 00:25:57.190
the NOAA Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center
477
00:25:57.190 --> 00:26:01.860
was supposed to be conducting science to inform management
478
00:26:01.860 --> 00:26:04.200
as per the priorities and mandates,
479
00:26:04.200 --> 00:26:06.950
and removing marine debris from the environment
480
00:26:06.950 --> 00:26:09.720
was considered itself a management action.
481
00:26:09.720 --> 00:26:13.240
And so, the Science Center did an incredible job
482
00:26:13.240 --> 00:26:15.100
over the years of making that square peg
483
00:26:15.100 --> 00:26:18.650
fit into a round hole and doing everything possible
484
00:26:18.650 --> 00:26:21.530
to make sure that this project continued,
485
00:26:21.530 --> 00:26:23.073
and continue it did.
486
00:26:24.531 --> 00:26:27.230
Then it became clear to me, however,
487
00:26:27.230 --> 00:26:30.100
towards the later end of my tenure at NOAA,
488
00:26:30.100 --> 00:26:32.980
that we needed to create an additional mechanism
489
00:26:32.980 --> 00:26:35.520
to ensure the longevity of the project
490
00:26:35.520 --> 00:26:37.810
and to restore a cadence of cleanups
491
00:26:37.810 --> 00:26:40.053
that could really keep up with the problem.
492
00:26:41.020 --> 00:26:46.020
So, in 2019, I made the leap, I left my position at NOAA
493
00:26:46.683 --> 00:26:49.540
(chuckles) prematurely I might add,
494
00:26:49.540 --> 00:26:53.113
much to the detriment of my nerves and that of my family,
495
00:26:54.380 --> 00:26:58.073
to start a nonprofit, which became PMDP.
496
00:27:00.270 --> 00:27:01.530
And so, with that,
497
00:27:01.530 --> 00:27:05.460
I would actually like to turn it over to Malia
498
00:27:05.460 --> 00:27:08.593
for our first set of poll questions.
499
00:27:11.970 --> 00:27:14.190
All right, folks, get ready.
500
00:27:14.190 --> 00:27:16.850
We have some poll questions coming up for you.
501
00:27:16.850 --> 00:27:20.640
So, our first one is, how much derelict fishing gear
502
00:27:20.640 --> 00:27:22.750
is estimated to accumulate
503
00:27:22.750 --> 00:27:26.230
on the reefs of Papahānaumokuākea each year?
504
00:27:26.230 --> 00:27:27.690
So, if you are in full screen,
505
00:27:27.690 --> 00:27:31.170
you might wanna pop out of that using your control panel
506
00:27:31.170 --> 00:27:35.190
to go ahead and answer this question.
507
00:27:35.190 --> 00:27:38.483
So, let's see, lots of people are responding.
508
00:27:39.840 --> 00:27:44.840
Your answers are two metric tons, or 52 metric tons,
509
00:27:45.250 --> 00:27:47.300
or 87 metric tons.
510
00:27:47.300 --> 00:27:51.100
So, go ahead and register your vote.
511
00:27:51.100 --> 00:27:53.920
We've got, ooh, we got lots of responses here.
512
00:27:53.920 --> 00:27:56.200
I'll give you about five more seconds
513
00:27:56.200 --> 00:27:58.240
before I close the poll
514
00:27:58.240 --> 00:28:01.920
and see how much attention you all were paying.
515
00:28:01.920 --> 00:28:05.560
All right, three, two, one.
516
00:28:05.560 --> 00:28:07.290
Let's close that out.
517
00:28:07.290 --> 00:28:10.420
And I'm gonna share the results with you, Kevin.
518
00:28:10.420 --> 00:28:15.420
So, here, we've got 72% think it's 52 metric tons
519
00:28:15.530 --> 00:28:16.873
and 28% at 87.
520
00:28:18.390 --> 00:28:19.450
What say you, Kevin?
521
00:28:19.450 --> 00:28:21.210
How did our audience do?
522
00:28:21.210 --> 00:28:22.860
All right. Everybody did great.
523
00:28:24.200 --> 00:28:26.740
I'm glad it's not 87 metric tons,
524
00:28:26.740 --> 00:28:28.350
that would be a much harder problem to tackle,
525
00:28:28.350 --> 00:28:32.563
but the answer is indeed 52 metric tons, or 115,000 pounds.
526
00:28:36.610 --> 00:28:38.050
Okay, do we wanna go ahead
527
00:28:38.050 --> 00:28:40.670
and do our poll question number two?
528
00:28:40.670 --> 00:28:43.210
Yes, let's do poll questions two and three.
529
00:28:43.210 --> 00:28:46.350
Okay, so, here, we're gonna just take care
530
00:28:46.350 --> 00:28:48.540
of all these poll questions for you all.
531
00:28:48.540 --> 00:28:51.010
The next one, how much marine debris
532
00:28:51.010 --> 00:28:52.850
accumulates on the shorelines
533
00:28:52.850 --> 00:28:56.080
of Papahānaumokuākea each year?
534
00:28:56.080 --> 00:29:00.260
And your answers are less than one metric ton,
535
00:29:00.260 --> 00:29:04.430
40 metric tons, or currently unquantified.
536
00:29:04.430 --> 00:29:07.100
Go ahead and register your vote.
537
00:29:07.100 --> 00:29:10.050
And let's see, we got lots of you, folks are on it.
538
00:29:10.050 --> 00:29:12.260
Very engaged.
539
00:29:12.260 --> 00:29:15.170
Yes, so, I'm gonna go ahead and close this poll down
540
00:29:15.170 --> 00:29:20.023
in about three seconds, two and one.
541
00:29:21.360 --> 00:29:23.270
And let's share the results with Kevin.
542
00:29:23.270 --> 00:29:28.270
So, 91%, currently unquantified.
543
00:29:28.630 --> 00:29:30.850
Were they paying attention, Kevin?
544
00:29:30.850 --> 00:29:32.480
Yes, they were.
545
00:29:32.480 --> 00:29:33.650
Awesome.
For everybody
546
00:29:33.650 --> 00:29:35.810
paying attention, that was a soft-ball question,
547
00:29:35.810 --> 00:29:37.933
I hope. (laughs)
548
00:29:39.320 --> 00:29:41.250
And yeah, let's do question number three as well.
549
00:29:41.250 --> 00:29:44.590
Okay, we're gonna go jump right into this one.
550
00:29:44.590 --> 00:29:45.423
Okay, folks.
551
00:29:45.423 --> 00:29:49.480
So, what are the three main threats to monument resources
552
00:29:49.480 --> 00:29:51.850
posed by derelict fishing gear?
553
00:29:51.850 --> 00:29:54.070
Disruption to sea bird nesting,
554
00:29:54.070 --> 00:29:57.240
entanglement, ingestion, coral damage,
555
00:29:57.240 --> 00:30:00.110
or spread of invasive marine algae?
556
00:30:00.110 --> 00:30:02.833
Go ahead and register your vote.
557
00:30:03.740 --> 00:30:07.450
And whoa, you guys are so on it.
558
00:30:07.450 --> 00:30:12.450
I'm gonna close this poll and share the results with you.
559
00:30:13.150 --> 00:30:17.450
So, 99% of our audience members think it's entanglement,
560
00:30:17.450 --> 00:30:19.890
ingestion and coral damage.
561
00:30:19.890 --> 00:30:21.720
What do you think, Kevin?
562
00:30:21.720 --> 00:30:24.803
That would be correct, that would be correct.
563
00:30:25.890 --> 00:30:27.340
Entanglement is a big issue,
564
00:30:27.340 --> 00:30:31.720
and it's arguably the primary reason why we do this work.
565
00:30:31.720 --> 00:30:36.180
Every year, there are more than 10 or 11, I believe,
566
00:30:36.180 --> 00:30:40.500
entanglements documented by the Monk Seal Research Program,
567
00:30:40.500 --> 00:30:44.310
and over 32% of all monk seals alive today
568
00:30:44.310 --> 00:30:47.720
can trace their lineage back to a human intervention event,
569
00:30:47.720 --> 00:30:51.940
such as disentanglement from marine debris.
570
00:30:51.940 --> 00:30:53.810
And so, when we see this stuff,
571
00:30:53.810 --> 00:30:55.190
whether it's in the water or the shoreline,
572
00:30:55.190 --> 00:30:58.130
we know that removing it is gonna have a significant impact
573
00:30:58.130 --> 00:31:02.563
on the likelihood of a mortality event for a monk seal.
574
00:31:08.240 --> 00:31:09.073
All right.
575
00:31:13.090 --> 00:31:14.123
Moving on here.
576
00:31:22.820 --> 00:31:26.323
Back to the map of Papahānaumokuākea.
577
00:31:26.323 --> 00:31:28.100
And by the way, if there's anyone listening today
578
00:31:28.100 --> 00:31:31.970
that really has trouble saying the name Papahānaumokuākea,
579
00:31:31.970 --> 00:31:36.190
there's a wonderful YouTube video by a local band here
580
00:31:36.190 --> 00:31:38.560
on Oʻahu called the Haku Collective.
581
00:31:38.560 --> 00:31:39.393
And if you're interested
582
00:31:39.393 --> 00:31:41.730
in really nailing how to say the name,
583
00:31:41.730 --> 00:31:44.490
go to YouTube and listen to that video.
584
00:31:44.490 --> 00:31:47.870
That's what I recommend to everybody that struggles with it.
585
00:31:47.870 --> 00:31:51.610
Anyway, here again is the map of the monument.
586
00:31:51.610 --> 00:31:54.810
And let's look at this in the context of management
587
00:31:54.810 --> 00:31:56.570
and conservation action.
588
00:31:56.570 --> 00:32:00.490
So, it's a huge area, 1,300 miles long,
589
00:32:00.490 --> 00:32:03.650
it's really essentially almost three quarters
590
00:32:03.650 --> 00:32:07.640
of the length of the Hawaiian chain, which is a huge area.
591
00:32:07.640 --> 00:32:11.270
And so, it's one of those vast, vast areas
592
00:32:11.270 --> 00:32:15.030
that I don't think any one entity should be expected
593
00:32:15.030 --> 00:32:17.310
to have all the tools, or the funding,
594
00:32:17.310 --> 00:32:21.370
to address all the issues that may be faced in this area.
595
00:32:21.370 --> 00:32:24.420
So, when we're looking at areas like this in general,
596
00:32:24.420 --> 00:32:27.520
around the world, protected areas, national monuments,
597
00:32:27.520 --> 00:32:30.600
oftentimes the responsibility falls on scientific
598
00:32:30.600 --> 00:32:33.260
and research management agencies
599
00:32:33.260 --> 00:32:38.260
who often have small budgets, small staff,
600
00:32:38.510 --> 00:32:41.760
are hamstrung by top-down federal funding
601
00:32:41.760 --> 00:32:44.090
or state funding, whatever it may be,
602
00:32:44.090 --> 00:32:47.310
and who are not able to utilize many mechanisms
603
00:32:47.310 --> 00:32:49.280
of fundraising or gathering support
604
00:32:49.280 --> 00:32:51.780
for conservation work in that area.
605
00:32:51.780 --> 00:32:54.900
And I think this is where we go wrong in that expectation,
606
00:32:54.900 --> 00:32:57.710
essentially, that governments should be responsible
607
00:32:57.710 --> 00:33:01.853
for all of the actions in the government-managed area.
608
00:33:03.290 --> 00:33:05.280
So, this is where I believe,
609
00:33:05.280 --> 00:33:07.020
and in practice for the last two years
610
00:33:07.020 --> 00:33:10.980
since we started the nonprofit PMDP,
611
00:33:10.980 --> 00:33:13.020
this is where I believe that public
612
00:33:13.020 --> 00:33:15.250
and private partnerships are key.
613
00:33:15.250 --> 00:33:18.413
In certain instances, this makes a lot of sense.
614
00:33:19.830 --> 00:33:21.360
So, I mean, there are many benefits
615
00:33:21.360 --> 00:33:23.420
to operating things under the government.
616
00:33:23.420 --> 00:33:26.620
It's a juggernaut, you have insulation from liability,
617
00:33:26.620 --> 00:33:30.870
you have consistency, you have a lot of infrastructure
618
00:33:30.870 --> 00:33:33.903
to help you accomplish large complex tasks,
619
00:33:35.050 --> 00:33:37.440
but at the same time, there are things
620
00:33:37.440 --> 00:33:39.513
that are done better outside of that.
621
00:33:40.770 --> 00:33:45.770
And so, this public-private partnership,
622
00:33:46.090 --> 00:33:48.680
it was actually very intentionally generated
623
00:33:48.680 --> 00:33:50.880
by the IRS in the tax code.
624
00:33:50.880 --> 00:33:53.400
And it's somewhat of a quid pro quo
625
00:33:53.400 --> 00:33:58.400
in that the 501(c)(3) section of the tax code
626
00:33:59.440 --> 00:34:02.387
implies that essentially we'll trade you,
627
00:34:02.387 --> 00:34:06.180
"Hey, we'll give you tax-exempt status,
628
00:34:06.180 --> 00:34:10.600
you don't have to pay tax, as long as the work you engage in
629
00:34:10.600 --> 00:34:12.487
lessens the burden of government."
630
00:34:13.370 --> 00:34:18.370
And so, in this sense, it's built into the system,
631
00:34:18.920 --> 00:34:20.800
this public private partnership.
632
00:34:20.800 --> 00:34:24.720
So, PMDP is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit,
633
00:34:24.720 --> 00:34:28.810
and we operate here locally on the Island of Oʻahu.
634
00:34:28.810 --> 00:34:31.207
And the question we get oftentimes is actually,
635
00:34:31.207 --> 00:34:34.220
"Well, this is a federally and state-managed area,
636
00:34:34.220 --> 00:34:39.150
why doesn't the federal government fund all this work?
637
00:34:39.150 --> 00:34:42.370
Why should I as a private donor
638
00:34:42.370 --> 00:34:43.960
or a local company in Honolulu,
639
00:34:43.960 --> 00:34:48.040
why should I donate to this project or this problem?"
640
00:34:48.040 --> 00:34:49.300
And it's because it's not actually
641
00:34:49.300 --> 00:34:51.090
how it's supposed to work.
642
00:34:51.090 --> 00:34:53.210
Public private partnerships
643
00:34:53.210 --> 00:34:56.520
are essentially like coffee and creamer,
644
00:34:56.520 --> 00:34:58.370
they just fill all the nooks and crannies
645
00:34:58.370 --> 00:34:59.900
that the other one doesn't have
646
00:34:59.900 --> 00:35:03.653
and ends up with a very satisfying end result.
647
00:35:06.450 --> 00:35:11.450
Just to cover quickly our work as an organization,
648
00:35:12.480 --> 00:35:14.610
we were formed in order to work collaboratively
649
00:35:14.610 --> 00:35:17.830
with the co-managing agencies in the national monument,
650
00:35:17.830 --> 00:35:18.990
which has been an arrangement
651
00:35:18.990 --> 00:35:20.930
that's worked out incredibly well,
652
00:35:20.930 --> 00:35:23.200
and I owe a huge debt of gratitude and thanks
653
00:35:23.200 --> 00:35:27.600
to the collaborative nature of our partnerships with NOAA,
654
00:35:27.600 --> 00:35:29.020
with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
655
00:35:29.020 --> 00:35:31.173
with OHA, and with the State of Hawaiʻi.
656
00:35:32.030 --> 00:35:33.530
But our goal at the nonprofit
657
00:35:33.530 --> 00:35:36.760
is to execute large-scale marine-debris removal missions
658
00:35:36.760 --> 00:35:40.540
to Papahānaumokuākea to remove the nets and plastics
659
00:35:40.540 --> 00:35:42.040
from the reefs and shorelines.
660
00:35:44.050 --> 00:35:46.720
And perhaps most importantly
661
00:35:46.720 --> 00:35:48.400
is the second one there on the right,
662
00:35:48.400 --> 00:35:50.180
engaging the greater Hawaiʻi community
663
00:35:50.180 --> 00:35:52.821
in the stewardship and care of Papahānaumokuākea.
664
00:35:52.821 --> 00:35:54.830
And I think this is the one that's really important.
665
00:35:54.830 --> 00:35:57.670
And this is the one where as a partner with the government,
666
00:35:57.670 --> 00:36:01.133
we can supplement our abilities to do this differently.
667
00:36:03.991 --> 00:36:05.860
I think the Debris Removal Project,
668
00:36:05.860 --> 00:36:07.773
when it was strictly run by NOAA,
669
00:36:09.160 --> 00:36:14.160
in some senses, felt like it was out of our hands
670
00:36:14.160 --> 00:36:17.090
in that it came from federal funding,
671
00:36:17.090 --> 00:36:20.810
it was a government-organized team, and how in the world,
672
00:36:20.810 --> 00:36:23.410
if I'm a private citizen who cares about this area,
673
00:36:23.410 --> 00:36:27.660
am I actually able to contribute other than paying my taxes?
674
00:36:27.660 --> 00:36:29.780
And so, it sort of seemed like Papahānaumokuākea
675
00:36:29.780 --> 00:36:32.280
might've been the realm of the government
676
00:36:32.280 --> 00:36:34.410
and it was really hard for people to get involved,
677
00:36:34.410 --> 00:36:36.050
to get interested to learn about it,
678
00:36:36.050 --> 00:36:41.050
to essentially get vested in helping with the problem.
679
00:36:42.060 --> 00:36:46.250
And so, PMDP, I mean, we're not the first nonprofit
680
00:36:46.250 --> 00:36:47.300
that operates in the monument
681
00:36:47.300 --> 00:36:51.190
by any stretch of the imagination, but we like to think
682
00:36:51.190 --> 00:36:53.100
that as we build and grow our organization,
683
00:36:53.100 --> 00:36:57.090
we'll be able to provide your everyday people in Hawaiʻi
684
00:36:57.090 --> 00:36:57.923
and around the world,
685
00:36:57.923 --> 00:37:00.533
a way to learn about this amazing place,
686
00:37:01.810 --> 00:37:03.450
a way to learn to love it,
687
00:37:03.450 --> 00:37:07.450
and then by virtue of that, care about it,
688
00:37:07.450 --> 00:37:11.310
and then also providing a mechanism to contribute.
689
00:37:11.310 --> 00:37:13.527
And in the nonprofit world, everyone says,
690
00:37:13.527 --> 00:37:16.670
"Ooh, we get support. We need to drum up support.
691
00:37:16.670 --> 00:37:19.690
We need to create a community to build support."
692
00:37:19.690 --> 00:37:23.530
And at the end of the day, support just means money,
693
00:37:23.530 --> 00:37:24.890
especially for a project like this
694
00:37:24.890 --> 00:37:28.500
where there are limited amounts of bunks on the ship
695
00:37:28.500 --> 00:37:30.470
and despite the fact that we would love
696
00:37:30.470 --> 00:37:33.940
to bring all of our wonderful community out to the monument,
697
00:37:33.940 --> 00:37:35.233
it's just not possible.
698
00:37:39.637 --> 00:37:43.150
So, anyway, one of our priorities
699
00:37:43.150 --> 00:37:46.500
is essentially engaging that greater Hawaiʻi community
700
00:37:46.500 --> 00:37:49.700
to be able to build that grassroots community support
701
00:37:49.700 --> 00:37:50.533
for the project,
702
00:37:50.533 --> 00:37:53.703
and to help people feel like they can become part of it.
703
00:38:05.240 --> 00:38:07.833
Moving on to our organization's values,
704
00:38:10.657 --> 00:38:14.240
and this is where we've been working quite a bit
705
00:38:14.240 --> 00:38:16.130
with how we put together our teams
706
00:38:16.130 --> 00:38:17.453
and how we structure them.
707
00:38:18.380 --> 00:38:20.810
When we first kicked off the nonprofit,
708
00:38:20.810 --> 00:38:22.390
and we continue to this day
709
00:38:22.390 --> 00:38:24.790
to work closely with Kalani Quiocho
710
00:38:25.750 --> 00:38:27.310
at the national monument office
711
00:38:27.310 --> 00:38:31.730
to pilot and implement native Hawaiian cultural strategy
712
00:38:31.730 --> 00:38:34.010
for the collective Marine Debris Removal Project
713
00:38:34.010 --> 00:38:37.580
going forward, that essentially focuses around the idea
714
00:38:37.580 --> 00:38:41.500
of the Marine Debris Project being an additional avenue
715
00:38:41.500 --> 00:38:45.340
for access to the monument for Hawaiian people,
716
00:38:45.340 --> 00:38:47.524
and also to work as a pathfinder
717
00:38:47.524 --> 00:38:50.810
for how we can integrate cultural practices
718
00:38:50.810 --> 00:38:52.310
into these sort of more Western
719
00:38:52.310 --> 00:38:55.113
scientific-type projects while we're in the field.
720
00:38:56.064 --> 00:38:57.237
And the monument has the motto,
721
00:38:57.237 --> 00:38:59.410
"Where nature and culture are one,"
722
00:38:59.410 --> 00:39:02.060
integrating these things, I think, is really important,
723
00:39:02.060 --> 00:39:03.820
and it needs to be part of the motto
724
00:39:03.820 --> 00:39:08.820
of how we do our cleanups, how we do our limited science,
725
00:39:09.126 --> 00:39:14.126
and who we bring along to do this work.
726
00:39:14.130 --> 00:39:18.530
So, in that sense, our values are engaging youth
727
00:39:18.530 --> 00:39:20.790
and multi-generational communities of different backgrounds
728
00:39:20.790 --> 00:39:22.010
in helping to solve the problem
729
00:39:22.010 --> 00:39:24.400
of marine debris in Papahānaumokuākea,
730
00:39:24.400 --> 00:39:27.120
as well as solving environmental issues
731
00:39:27.120 --> 00:39:28.560
with an inclusive approach
732
00:39:28.560 --> 00:39:30.440
where we pair science with local knowledge,
733
00:39:30.440 --> 00:39:32.260
nature with culture, and fostering
734
00:39:32.260 --> 00:39:34.270
a grassroots sense of place
735
00:39:34.270 --> 00:39:36.343
and investment in the place itself.
736
00:39:40.940 --> 00:39:42.304
So, here we are.
737
00:39:42.304 --> 00:39:45.540
This is a photo of our office and our warehouse.
738
00:39:45.540 --> 00:39:48.980
We have a physical office space and a warehouse
739
00:39:48.980 --> 00:39:50.540
to house our boats and field equipment
740
00:39:50.540 --> 00:39:52.880
over in Kailua at Kapaʻa Industrial Park.
741
00:39:52.880 --> 00:39:54.850
So, in the spirit of building community,
742
00:39:54.850 --> 00:39:57.550
anyone here that wants to come over and say hi,
743
00:39:57.550 --> 00:40:00.270
chat, talk story, and see what we have going on,
744
00:40:00.270 --> 00:40:02.335
you're welcome to come over.
745
00:40:02.335 --> 00:40:03.635
You can find us on Google.
746
00:40:07.530 --> 00:40:11.910
And so, as an organization, we like to lead with this idea
747
00:40:11.910 --> 00:40:13.640
that you protect what you love.
748
00:40:13.640 --> 00:40:16.190
And I think it's attributed to Jacques Cousteau,
749
00:40:16.190 --> 00:40:18.460
or something like that, but who knows who really said it,
750
00:40:18.460 --> 00:40:21.220
but it's the sentiment that matters.
751
00:40:21.220 --> 00:40:22.780
And for our organization,
752
00:40:22.780 --> 00:40:25.320
we are less about the issue of marine debris itself
753
00:40:25.320 --> 00:40:29.690
and more about the place, and the sense of place,
754
00:40:29.690 --> 00:40:33.480
and helping people learn about the place and develop buy-in.
755
00:40:33.480 --> 00:40:36.530
So, one of our challenges really is,
756
00:40:36.530 --> 00:40:41.530
especially as a nonprofit that's looking to raise support,
757
00:40:41.940 --> 00:40:43.750
how do you get people to love a place
758
00:40:43.750 --> 00:40:45.600
that they may never be able to visit?
759
00:40:46.450 --> 00:40:49.620
And the answer is through stories.
760
00:40:49.620 --> 00:40:52.410
And I think this is where we're trying to work on a shift
761
00:40:52.410 --> 00:40:54.963
with how we solve this problem in the monument.
762
00:40:55.950 --> 00:40:58.223
I'm not a naturally gifted storyteller myself,
763
00:40:58.223 --> 00:41:01.570
and so, I usually outsource the storytelling
764
00:41:01.570 --> 00:41:03.880
to other people on the team.
765
00:41:03.880 --> 00:41:06.210
But I'm not a great storyteller,
766
00:41:06.210 --> 00:41:08.620
and I honestly feel like most scientists are not,
767
00:41:08.620 --> 00:41:09.990
and I don't wanna pigeonhole anybody,
768
00:41:09.990 --> 00:41:13.833
there are wonderful science communicators, God bless you,
769
00:41:15.300 --> 00:41:19.150
but I don't feel like the stories that scientists tell
770
00:41:19.150 --> 00:41:21.170
are necessarily always the best.
771
00:41:21.170 --> 00:41:23.790
And they always come from one perspective
772
00:41:23.790 --> 00:41:25.990
and they don't always naturally reach
773
00:41:25.990 --> 00:41:27.410
all the different sectors,
774
00:41:27.410 --> 00:41:31.460
or demographics of our wonderful society.
775
00:41:31.460 --> 00:41:35.170
So, we've been thinking about this a lot
776
00:41:35.170 --> 00:41:36.630
in terms of how we do this work.
777
00:41:36.630 --> 00:41:39.510
And I think we need to change the way
778
00:41:39.510 --> 00:41:40.656
we think about the work.
779
00:41:40.656 --> 00:41:42.860
It's changing the way we think about it
780
00:41:42.860 --> 00:41:47.380
from, like, what is the work, to who does the work,
781
00:41:47.380 --> 00:41:51.230
and involving people intentionally in that process
782
00:41:51.230 --> 00:41:54.100
in order to accomplish the maximum outcome.
783
00:41:54.100 --> 00:41:57.340
So, once we start including people of all walks of life
784
00:41:57.340 --> 00:41:58.450
intentionally in the process,
785
00:41:58.450 --> 00:42:00.160
they'll start caring a little bit more,
786
00:42:00.160 --> 00:42:01.590
and that's the first step.
787
00:42:01.590 --> 00:42:03.390
Let's introduce this place
788
00:42:03.390 --> 00:42:05.973
to multiple different stakeholders.
789
00:42:07.140 --> 00:42:10.330
And at the end of the day, people identify with people.
790
00:42:10.330 --> 00:42:14.083
And so, telling a story with pictures of marine debris,
791
00:42:17.453 --> 00:42:19.830
it doesn't do it justice, essentially.
792
00:42:19.830 --> 00:42:21.070
And when you show the people
793
00:42:21.070 --> 00:42:24.460
doing the work of marine debris, people can connect, relate,
794
00:42:24.460 --> 00:42:26.610
and identify and bond with the story
795
00:42:26.610 --> 00:42:28.470
in a way that you couldn't otherwise.
796
00:42:28.470 --> 00:42:30.800
So, we all come from different backgrounds,
797
00:42:30.800 --> 00:42:32.310
so, what we need to start doing
798
00:42:32.310 --> 00:42:34.100
is telling different stories.
799
00:42:34.100 --> 00:42:36.400
And so, bringing in a mix of stakeholders
800
00:42:36.400 --> 00:42:39.050
from all different walks of life is really important.
801
00:42:41.598 --> 00:42:44.230
Obviously, we've just started this endeavor,
802
00:42:44.230 --> 00:42:47.430
and so, we're only two years into it
803
00:42:47.430 --> 00:42:50.700
and have three large-scale projects under our belt,
804
00:42:50.700 --> 00:42:55.010
but I think thinking about this process is important.
805
00:42:55.010 --> 00:43:00.010
So, here's a photo of our cleanup team
806
00:43:00.220 --> 00:43:04.790
from our fall project last fall.
807
00:43:04.790 --> 00:43:07.390
And within this team talking about,
808
00:43:07.390 --> 00:43:09.630
in terms of exposing people to the monument,
809
00:43:09.630 --> 00:43:12.370
experiencing it, and being able to come back home
810
00:43:12.370 --> 00:43:13.580
and tell their own story
811
00:43:13.580 --> 00:43:17.870
that may provide a richer community building,
812
00:43:17.870 --> 00:43:20.220
we have Danny there who's a welder,
813
00:43:20.220 --> 00:43:24.640
we have Ken who is a HFD firefighter,
814
00:43:24.640 --> 00:43:29.640
we have Kaiukai who was UH Hawaiian Studies student,
815
00:43:29.840 --> 00:43:33.900
we have Mahie Wilhelm who is a Stanford student
816
00:43:33.900 --> 00:43:35.570
who had just graduated high school
817
00:43:35.570 --> 00:43:38.840
from Windward Side High School here,
818
00:43:38.840 --> 00:43:42.760
among other people, Dan and Stefan
819
00:43:42.760 --> 00:43:44.290
from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
820
00:43:44.290 --> 00:43:47.080
in terms of exposing people from other agencies,
821
00:43:47.080 --> 00:43:49.180
other resource management agencies and entities
822
00:43:49.180 --> 00:43:50.350
to the work that we do.
823
00:43:50.350 --> 00:43:52.430
And they can bring that back to their own groups
824
00:43:52.430 --> 00:43:54.080
and tell their own story as well.
825
00:43:55.840 --> 00:43:59.810
Here was the team from the spring 2021 cleanup,
826
00:43:59.810 --> 00:44:01.820
our second cleanup.
827
00:44:01.820 --> 00:44:04.080
And I'll get into some more of the details
828
00:44:04.080 --> 00:44:05.580
of these cleanups in a minute,
829
00:44:07.630 --> 00:44:11.280
but here we have people from the State of Hawaiʻi, DOFA,
830
00:44:11.280 --> 00:44:13.200
who were instrumental in this project.
831
00:44:13.200 --> 00:44:16.680
We have Andy here who runs Kama'aina Kids
832
00:44:16.680 --> 00:44:18.470
at He'eia State Park.
833
00:44:18.470 --> 00:44:22.623
And we have Drew McWhirter from Hawaiʻi Pacific University.
834
00:44:23.550 --> 00:44:26.603
And again, trying to tell a diversity of stories.
835
00:44:27.730 --> 00:44:30.090
This was our PMDP cohort
836
00:44:30.090 --> 00:44:33.870
from our last cleanup project jointly with NOAA.
837
00:44:33.870 --> 00:44:37.270
And we had Alika Garcia
838
00:44:37.270 --> 00:44:39.820
who came to us from Hawaiʻi Fire Department,
839
00:44:39.820 --> 00:44:41.560
or Honolulu Fire Department as well
840
00:44:41.560 --> 00:44:43.963
and runs his own coral restoration nonprofit,
841
00:44:44.871 --> 00:44:49.871
Kamali'i Andrade, who was a soon to be UH Hilo student.
842
00:44:56.330 --> 00:44:59.800
When we put together these teams,
843
00:44:59.800 --> 00:45:02.070
it's actually really important
844
00:45:02.070 --> 00:45:06.623
that we are able to tell different and diverse stories.
845
00:45:10.070 --> 00:45:12.480
So, we hope that this private-public partnership model
846
00:45:12.480 --> 00:45:15.860
can be a model for other groups and conservation objectives,
847
00:45:15.860 --> 00:45:18.370
obviously, acknowledging that it's probably not a good idea
848
00:45:18.370 --> 00:45:21.330
for every crazy NGO to be operating in the monument
849
00:45:21.330 --> 00:45:24.340
with extremely sensitive wildlife and environments.
850
00:45:24.340 --> 00:45:26.670
So, we're thankful that we've been trusted
851
00:45:26.670 --> 00:45:28.890
by the co-managers of the monument
852
00:45:28.890 --> 00:45:32.010
to show operational safety and sensitivity
853
00:45:32.010 --> 00:45:33.690
to this incredibly special landscape.
854
00:45:33.690 --> 00:45:34.840
So, thank you for that.
855
00:45:38.670 --> 00:45:41.050
I'm just gonna gloss right over this one.
856
00:45:41.050 --> 00:45:43.080
This is a local initiative we have
857
00:45:43.080 --> 00:45:45.830
with a local high school here on Oʻahu
858
00:45:45.830 --> 00:45:47.500
where we have engineering students
859
00:45:47.500 --> 00:45:50.390
grinding up plastics from Papahānaumokuākea
860
00:45:50.390 --> 00:45:52.770
and melting them into their own new products.
861
00:45:52.770 --> 00:45:55.040
And so, here you have a demographic engineering
862
00:45:55.040 --> 00:45:58.610
and computer students who may not otherwise be interacting
863
00:45:58.610 --> 00:45:59.923
with Papahānaumokuākea,
864
00:46:01.060 --> 00:46:04.840
all of a sudden interacting with it intimately
865
00:46:04.840 --> 00:46:06.940
with plastics as a raw material.
866
00:46:06.940 --> 00:46:09.323
So, we're trying to tell a different story here.
867
00:46:11.810 --> 00:46:13.913
In terms of removal for our path forward,
868
00:46:16.790 --> 00:46:17.830
it's pretty straight forward.
869
00:46:17.830 --> 00:46:19.680
Every year, we have 52 metric tons
870
00:46:19.680 --> 00:46:21.270
to keep up with in the water
871
00:46:21.270 --> 00:46:24.260
and an unknown amount accumulating on the shorelines.
872
00:46:24.260 --> 00:46:27.300
And so, we can see from this fancy graph here,
873
00:46:27.300 --> 00:46:30.500
this pairs the backlog of marine debris
874
00:46:30.500 --> 00:46:32.000
that we have in the water
875
00:46:32.000 --> 00:46:35.290
with projected PMDP removal projects
876
00:46:35.290 --> 00:46:39.720
and where we hit that catch-up, and keep-up tipping point,
877
00:46:39.720 --> 00:46:41.410
where we're keeping up with annual influx,
878
00:46:41.410 --> 00:46:43.720
but we're catching up with the backlog.
879
00:46:43.720 --> 00:46:44.770
And I apologize,
880
00:46:44.770 --> 00:46:47.120
the dates are wrong on the bottom of the graph here,
881
00:46:47.120 --> 00:46:50.910
but we're looking at depending on level of funding,
882
00:46:50.910 --> 00:46:53.570
three to five years for being able to catch up
883
00:46:53.570 --> 00:46:55.370
and enter keep-up mode.
884
00:46:55.370 --> 00:46:58.280
We're pretty, pretty excited about that.
885
00:46:58.280 --> 00:47:01.503
Again, just talking about the in-water debris.
886
00:47:03.440 --> 00:47:05.813
All right, so, we'll go to poll question number four.
887
00:47:09.540 --> 00:47:12.170
All right, friends, here we go.
888
00:47:12.170 --> 00:47:16.440
So, what is PMD's target cadence for removal projects
889
00:47:16.440 --> 00:47:19.850
in Papahānaumokuākea moving forward?
890
00:47:19.850 --> 00:47:21.458
Go ahead and register your vote.
891
00:47:21.458 --> 00:47:25.070
It's either two to three large-scale projects annually,
892
00:47:25.070 --> 00:47:27.900
one large-scale every two years,
893
00:47:27.900 --> 00:47:32.240
or seven to eight small-scale projects annually.
894
00:47:32.240 --> 00:47:34.890
Let's see who is paying attention.
895
00:47:34.890 --> 00:47:37.650
And I'm gonna go ahead and close the poll.
896
00:47:37.650 --> 00:47:40.420
We've got lots of you who've been engaging with this.
897
00:47:40.420 --> 00:47:42.850
And let's share the results with you, Kevin.
898
00:47:42.850 --> 00:47:45.250
So, we've got, 84% say
899
00:47:45.250 --> 00:47:47.850
two to three large-scale projects annually,
900
00:47:47.850 --> 00:47:51.080
2% at one large-scale every two years,
901
00:47:51.080 --> 00:47:55.820
and 14% at seven to eight small-scale projects annually.
902
00:47:55.820 --> 00:47:57.643
How did our audience do, Kevin?
903
00:47:59.620 --> 00:48:01.460
The audience did very well.
904
00:48:01.460 --> 00:48:03.070
And they did very well for me
905
00:48:03.070 --> 00:48:05.580
not actually addressing the answer to that question.
906
00:48:05.580 --> 00:48:07.470
Two to three large-scale projects
907
00:48:07.470 --> 00:48:09.850
is currently what PMDP has planned
908
00:48:09.850 --> 00:48:11.500
in order to catch up and keep up.
909
00:48:12.820 --> 00:48:13.820
Thank you, everyone.
910
00:48:15.790 --> 00:48:18.270
So, I'd like to quickly cover the three removal projects
911
00:48:18.270 --> 00:48:20.630
that we conducted this fiscal year
912
00:48:22.310 --> 00:48:24.450
before we run out of time here.
913
00:48:24.450 --> 00:48:28.280
So, project number one was
914
00:48:29.570 --> 00:48:33.030
our Tern Island Hurricane Debris Removal Cleanup
915
00:48:33.030 --> 00:48:35.610
in partnership with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
916
00:48:35.610 --> 00:48:37.670
This one was a bit of a different one,
917
00:48:37.670 --> 00:48:39.260
and we were happy to be able to provide
918
00:48:39.260 --> 00:48:43.270
a different capability to the co-managers of the monument
919
00:48:43.270 --> 00:48:45.060
than might otherwise be available
920
00:48:45.970 --> 00:48:47.820
with the scientific cohort.
921
00:48:47.820 --> 00:48:49.740
But essentially, when Hurricane Walaka
922
00:48:49.740 --> 00:48:51.410
hit Tern Island in 2018,
923
00:48:52.780 --> 00:48:56.150
there was a massive infrastructure debris event
924
00:48:56.150 --> 00:48:58.240
that happened when many of these buildings
925
00:48:58.240 --> 00:49:00.800
and field-station infrastructure
926
00:49:00.800 --> 00:49:03.263
was washed over the island by the storm surge.
927
00:49:04.970 --> 00:49:08.220
And so, here's an aerial shot
928
00:49:11.960 --> 00:49:13.680
of what this looked like on the ground
929
00:49:13.680 --> 00:49:15.300
right after the hurricane.
930
00:49:15.300 --> 00:49:18.260
So, it's lots of lumber, building materials, concrete,
931
00:49:18.260 --> 00:49:21.010
and all sorts of things causing and entrapment hazards.
932
00:49:22.070 --> 00:49:24.430
This is our team at work cleaning up this type of debris,
933
00:49:24.430 --> 00:49:26.180
not your traditional marine debris,
934
00:49:27.570 --> 00:49:28.810
but important nonetheless,
935
00:49:28.810 --> 00:49:31.510
and that it took up valuable terrestrial habitat
936
00:49:31.510 --> 00:49:33.323
for nesting and burrowing birds.
937
00:49:38.680 --> 00:49:40.620
We completed some additional objectives,
938
00:49:40.620 --> 00:49:43.210
and that involved cutting some escape holes
939
00:49:43.210 --> 00:49:46.620
into the rusting seawall that borders Tern Island
940
00:49:46.620 --> 00:49:48.333
at French Frigate Shoals there.
941
00:49:52.145 --> 00:49:54.060
You can see how that could become an entrapment hazard
942
00:49:54.060 --> 00:49:57.430
for any animal, seal or turtle, that winds up behind that
943
00:49:57.430 --> 00:49:59.580
and is unable to get back out to the ocean.
944
00:50:02.720 --> 00:50:04.300
So, over 10 operational days,
945
00:50:04.300 --> 00:50:07.503
we removed 82,600 pounds of hurricane debris.
946
00:50:09.630 --> 00:50:14.630
And of that, included all those different amounts of lumber,
947
00:50:14.750 --> 00:50:17.440
wood, building materials, scrap metal, cable and wire,
948
00:50:17.440 --> 00:50:20.423
derelict boat hulls, plastics, nets, roofing, et cetera.
949
00:50:23.230 --> 00:50:25.920
Additional habitat improvement actions that we engaged in,
950
00:50:25.920 --> 00:50:27.730
cutting the steel seawall,
951
00:50:27.730 --> 00:50:30.210
constructing a turtle exclusion fence,
952
00:50:30.210 --> 00:50:32.530
demolition of three concrete features
953
00:50:32.530 --> 00:50:35.340
causing turtle entrapment, et cetera.
954
00:50:35.340 --> 00:50:37.093
This was a very successful project,
955
00:50:38.030 --> 00:50:39.930
in partnership with Fish and Wildlife.
956
00:50:40.840 --> 00:50:45.330
Project number two, which occurred in April of 2021,
957
00:50:45.330 --> 00:50:47.810
was a 23-day shoreline removal,
958
00:50:47.810 --> 00:50:49.770
and this is truly the poster child
959
00:50:49.770 --> 00:50:53.340
for collaborative projects in the monument.
960
00:50:53.340 --> 00:50:58.340
And it included all four co-managers of the monument.
961
00:50:58.960 --> 00:51:01.700
And this place is so remote and so expensive
962
00:51:01.700 --> 00:51:03.500
to access that pooling resources
963
00:51:03.500 --> 00:51:05.250
amongst all the stakeholders,
964
00:51:05.250 --> 00:51:07.310
it will always be a necessary model.
965
00:51:07.310 --> 00:51:09.920
And we really piloted that model
966
00:51:09.920 --> 00:51:12.010
with this spring shoreline removal project.
967
00:51:12.010 --> 00:51:13.960
We had wonderful help from NOAA
968
00:51:13.960 --> 00:51:16.210
Damage Assessment Remediation Program
969
00:51:16.210 --> 00:51:17.910
picking up the tab for the vessel,
970
00:51:19.030 --> 00:51:21.950
from the State of Hawaiʻi Forestry and Wildlife
971
00:51:21.950 --> 00:51:25.850
for contributing staff and in-kind funding,
972
00:51:25.850 --> 00:51:27.600
as well as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
973
00:51:27.600 --> 00:51:28.800
for helping to staff it.
974
00:51:32.130 --> 00:51:33.230
This is the team here.
975
00:51:33.230 --> 00:51:36.790
We focused almost exclusively on shoreline nets
976
00:51:36.790 --> 00:51:38.790
to eliminate those entanglement hazards.
977
00:51:39.790 --> 00:51:42.400
Oftentimes they're buried by the tide
978
00:51:42.400 --> 00:51:45.703
and require hours of digging to remove them.
979
00:51:47.980 --> 00:51:52.570
Here's a gratuitous shot of our PMDP logo
980
00:51:52.570 --> 00:51:55.550
with a mountain of debris in the background.
981
00:51:55.550 --> 00:51:57.300
Just thought that was a neat photo.
982
00:52:00.890 --> 00:52:03.720
We were able to disentangle a female Hawaiian monk seal
983
00:52:03.720 --> 00:52:07.180
on this project, as well as four seabirds
984
00:52:07.180 --> 00:52:10.490
that we encountered entangled in derelict fishing nets.
985
00:52:10.490 --> 00:52:11.800
This was the female seal
986
00:52:11.800 --> 00:52:13.950
that was entangled by a thin strand of net.
987
00:52:14.860 --> 00:52:17.450
Females are especially important to the population,
988
00:52:17.450 --> 00:52:19.893
and so, this was a real big win for the project.
989
00:52:24.120 --> 00:52:26.860
Here's one of those seabirds, oftentimes they'll have net
990
00:52:26.860 --> 00:52:29.250
or a fishing line hanging out of their bill
991
00:52:29.250 --> 00:52:31.300
or entangled around their feet
992
00:52:31.300 --> 00:52:35.433
as they sit on the sand in their nest depressions.
993
00:52:37.670 --> 00:52:39.440
Partnering with the State of Hawaiʻi on this product
994
00:52:39.440 --> 00:52:41.960
was wonderful, and through this project,
995
00:52:41.960 --> 00:52:43.710
we facilitated a swap
996
00:52:43.710 --> 00:52:47.610
of the field camp staff at Kure Atoll or Hōlanikū.
997
00:52:47.610 --> 00:52:49.030
And these are the wonderful folks there
998
00:52:49.030 --> 00:52:51.470
that donated their time on the trip up and back
999
00:52:51.470 --> 00:52:53.391
to help us clean up marine debris,
1000
00:52:53.391 --> 00:52:56.910
again, a poster child of collaboration in the monument.
1001
00:52:56.910 --> 00:52:59.010
So, thank you to the State of Hawaiʻi DOFA.
1002
00:53:00.070 --> 00:53:01.910
They had some mechanical help,
1003
00:53:01.910 --> 00:53:05.050
which isn't otherwise available due to the wilderness rules
1004
00:53:05.050 --> 00:53:08.017
on other islands, but this really helped a lot.
1005
00:53:08.017 --> 00:53:10.970
And it also helped that the State of Hawaiʻi
1006
00:53:11.870 --> 00:53:14.710
has really done a great job
1007
00:53:14.710 --> 00:53:16.901
of tackling the problem themselves
1008
00:53:16.901 --> 00:53:19.433
with their field camp staff at Hōlanikū.
1009
00:53:26.070 --> 00:53:26.903
On this project,
1010
00:53:26.903 --> 00:53:29.900
we encountered some new types of debris on the shoreline
1011
00:53:29.900 --> 00:53:31.660
that we suspect were a result
1012
00:53:31.660 --> 00:53:36.660
of the ONE Apus container ship spill in November of 2020,
1013
00:53:36.850 --> 00:53:39.520
and all sorts of new products
1014
00:53:39.520 --> 00:53:41.670
were all over these shorelines,
1015
00:53:41.670 --> 00:53:44.870
including these bits of foam packaging,
1016
00:53:44.870 --> 00:53:47.990
thousands of those, new bicycle helmets,
1017
00:53:47.990 --> 00:53:50.700
a lot of them were Spiderman helmets,
1018
00:53:50.700 --> 00:53:54.560
and so, that was interesting.
1019
00:53:54.560 --> 00:53:58.800
And just classically, Wilson volleyballs
1020
00:53:58.800 --> 00:54:01.863
were found littered across the beaches of the monument,
1021
00:54:03.450 --> 00:54:06.320
among other things, MMA helmets,
1022
00:54:06.320 --> 00:54:09.753
hundreds of Crocs, and medical vials.
1023
00:54:12.100 --> 00:54:13.450
That shoreline project yielded
1024
00:54:13.450 --> 00:54:16.920
94,472 pounds of shoreline debris
1025
00:54:18.540 --> 00:54:20.860
consisting of mostly derelict fishing gear,
1026
00:54:20.860 --> 00:54:25.010
80,000 pounds, versus 14,000 pounds of plastics.
1027
00:54:25.010 --> 00:54:27.323
There, you can see the breakdown of each island.
1028
00:54:30.030 --> 00:54:32.010
And a wonderful drone shot of the ship
1029
00:54:32.010 --> 00:54:34.040
as it steamed back into Honolulu
1030
00:54:34.040 --> 00:54:35.590
with all of that debris aboard.
1031
00:54:38.460 --> 00:54:42.710
Third and final project of the 2021 fiscal year
1032
00:54:42.710 --> 00:54:46.900
is the project we just returned from in September,
1033
00:54:46.900 --> 00:54:49.670
and this was in collaboration with NOAA.
1034
00:54:49.670 --> 00:54:52.010
And this was essentially
1035
00:54:52.010 --> 00:54:54.200
the last large-scale effort led by NOAA.
1036
00:54:54.200 --> 00:54:56.830
And they were kind enough to allow us to collaborate
1037
00:54:56.830 --> 00:54:59.730
and bring some of our own staff and help plan and execute.
1038
00:55:00.700 --> 00:55:03.633
So, you can see here, these are the locations we visited,
1039
00:55:04.672 --> 00:55:07.672
Kamole, Kapou, Hōlanikū, Kuaihelani,
1040
00:55:09.000 --> 00:55:11.143
and then Maro Reef as well.
1041
00:55:14.550 --> 00:55:16.380
This was a 30-day in-water removal
1042
00:55:16.380 --> 00:55:18.563
focusing on the nets on the reefs.
1043
00:55:19.880 --> 00:55:22.420
Again, all the players involved on our side,
1044
00:55:22.420 --> 00:55:24.713
we had helped funding this from NFWF
1045
00:55:24.713 --> 00:55:27.470
and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program,
1046
00:55:27.470 --> 00:55:29.043
many thanks to you.
1047
00:55:32.040 --> 00:55:34.903
This is a snapshot of the people doing the work.
1048
00:55:37.140 --> 00:55:38.680
We had a wonderful team this year
1049
00:55:38.680 --> 00:55:42.653
of competent free divers and wonderful humans.
1050
00:55:45.580 --> 00:55:48.560
We removed a huge amount of derelict fishing net
1051
00:55:48.560 --> 00:55:52.400
at Maro Reef, which had not been surveyed since 2014,
1052
00:55:52.400 --> 00:55:53.833
and boy did it need it.
1053
00:55:56.981 --> 00:56:00.263
We like these over under shots with the dome camera,
1054
00:56:01.670 --> 00:56:03.370
really allows for any perspective.
1055
00:56:04.950 --> 00:56:05.960
There's the Imua
1056
00:56:05.960 --> 00:56:07.450
which is our platform of choice,
1057
00:56:07.450 --> 00:56:12.450
pulling out a large load at Kapou Island.
1058
00:56:14.820 --> 00:56:15.850
We tackled a few things
1059
00:56:15.850 --> 00:56:17.700
that weren't traditional marine debris as well,
1060
00:56:17.700 --> 00:56:20.660
just because we have the capability and the know-how.
1061
00:56:20.660 --> 00:56:23.623
It's a buoy that we pulled off of Kure Atoll, Hōlanikū,
1062
00:56:24.480 --> 00:56:27.440
a Panga fishing boat
1063
00:56:27.440 --> 00:56:30.990
potentially from the 2011 Japan Japanese tsunami
1064
00:56:30.990 --> 00:56:33.613
that was washed up on Manawai, Pearl and Hermes,
1065
00:56:34.900 --> 00:56:37.640
and a segment of a shipping container,
1066
00:56:37.640 --> 00:56:40.770
which could've come from anywhere, but more than likely,
1067
00:56:40.770 --> 00:56:43.470
again, as a result of that container spill.
1068
00:56:43.470 --> 00:56:46.260
It was lined with expanding foam, so, it floated,
1069
00:56:46.260 --> 00:56:50.560
and our team cut this up on the shoreline into small pieces
1070
00:56:50.560 --> 00:56:52.210
and brought it back out to the ship
1071
00:56:52.210 --> 00:56:57.210
to avoid re-mobilization and additional damage to the reef.
1072
00:57:01.270 --> 00:57:04.470
And again, one more Hawaiian monk seal disentanglement
1073
00:57:04.470 --> 00:57:07.910
at Hōlanikū with the help of the NOAA staff
1074
00:57:07.910 --> 00:57:10.690
and the State of Hawaiʻi staff on island.
1075
00:57:10.690 --> 00:57:12.140
So, that was another big win.
1076
00:57:14.410 --> 00:57:17.783
21 operational days, 123,000 pounds.
1077
00:57:21.360 --> 00:57:22.193
The breakdown, again,
1078
00:57:22.193 --> 00:57:26.400
almost exclusively derelict fishing nets, 118,000 pounds,
1079
00:57:26.400 --> 00:57:28.750
and you can see the breakdown from each island.
1080
00:57:31.520 --> 00:57:33.750
And before we close,
1081
00:57:33.750 --> 00:57:36.550
just some challenges here at Pearl and Hermes,
1082
00:57:36.550 --> 00:57:38.890
and actually now at Midway as well,
1083
00:57:38.890 --> 00:57:43.890
there is presence of the algae Chondria tumulosa
1084
00:57:45.520 --> 00:57:48.180
which is going to provide an interesting environment
1085
00:57:48.180 --> 00:57:49.590
for biosecurity measures
1086
00:57:49.590 --> 00:57:51.693
for marine-debris removals going forward.
1087
00:57:55.380 --> 00:57:59.730
And in closing, by the numbers, this fiscal year 2021,
1088
00:57:59.730 --> 00:58:03.840
PMDP, in partnership with the co-managers of the monument,
1089
00:58:03.840 --> 00:58:07.113
executed 59 field days of cleanups,
1090
00:58:08.180 --> 00:58:12.903
succeeded in removing 300,000 pounds of marine debris,
1091
00:58:13.910 --> 00:58:15.970
and successfully disentangled
1092
00:58:17.010 --> 00:58:19.513
two Hawaiian monk seals, six seabirds.
1093
00:58:22.720 --> 00:58:26.320
A look ahead at 2022, obviously, it's a treadmill
1094
00:58:26.320 --> 00:58:28.800
of raising funds and making this happen,
1095
00:58:28.800 --> 00:58:32.210
but right now we're penciled in for two 30-day projects,
1096
00:58:32.210 --> 00:58:33.960
two in-water reef-cleanup projects
1097
00:58:33.960 --> 00:58:35.390
on the Imua
1098
00:58:35.390 --> 00:58:38.730
which we'll execute in July and September of 2022,
1099
00:58:38.730 --> 00:58:42.080
and then an additional one or two projects TBD,
1100
00:58:42.080 --> 00:58:45.653
as we look to expand beyond what we accomplished in 2021.
1101
00:58:48.470 --> 00:58:52.593
And with that, we'll end it with poll question number five.
1102
00:58:56.010 --> 00:58:58.980
All right, friends, last question.
1103
00:58:58.980 --> 00:59:02.680
How much debris did PMDP and its collaborative partners
1104
00:59:02.680 --> 00:59:06.240
remove from the monument in FY 2021?
1105
00:59:06.240 --> 00:59:09.110
Go ahead and register your vote.
1106
00:59:09.110 --> 00:59:10.900
And I'm gonna close it out.
1107
00:59:10.900 --> 00:59:15.450
So, hopefully we have some time to answer a few questions.
1108
00:59:15.450 --> 00:59:17.410
Let's see what our results are, Kevin.
1109
00:59:17.410 --> 00:59:21.690
So, 72% said 300,000 pounds,
1110
00:59:21.690 --> 00:59:25.090
27% said 150,000 pounds,
1111
00:59:25.090 --> 00:59:27.690
and 1% said 50,000 pounds.
1112
00:59:27.690 --> 00:59:29.383
What's the correct answer, Kevin?
1113
00:59:30.240 --> 00:59:32.733
Right answer at 300,000 pounds,
1114
00:59:33.730 --> 00:59:36.870
which we were extremely happy with.
1115
00:59:36.870 --> 00:59:39.500
Three projects in the span of one fiscal year
1116
00:59:39.500 --> 00:59:43.810
was already almost, well, it was nine times
1117
00:59:43.810 --> 00:59:47.900
the cadence of the project prior to 2021.
1118
00:59:47.900 --> 00:59:51.100
So, already we feel like it's been a big win
1119
00:59:51.100 --> 00:59:53.463
for the wildlife of Papahānaumokuākea.
1120
00:59:56.240 --> 00:59:59.240
And with that, I would like to say
1121
00:59:59.240 --> 01:00:00.800
thank you so much for having me.
1122
01:00:00.800 --> 01:00:02.350
It's been wonderful.
1123
01:00:02.350 --> 01:00:06.470
I'm always available to talk story and answer questions.
1124
01:00:06.470 --> 01:00:10.967
And please, take a look on our website, www.pmdphawaii.org,
1125
01:00:12.040 --> 01:00:15.080
or social media @PMDBHawaii.
1126
01:00:15.080 --> 01:00:17.230
And again, many, many, thanks
1127
01:00:17.230 --> 01:00:18.640
go out to our wonderful partners
1128
01:00:18.640 --> 01:00:20.810
who have enabled our organization
1129
01:00:20.810 --> 01:00:22.430
to get to where we are today
1130
01:00:22.430 --> 01:00:24.640
and to do the good work that's been happening.
1131
01:00:24.640 --> 01:00:25.760
So, mahalo.
1132
01:00:28.077 --> 01:00:30.290
Mahalo nui, Kevin.
1133
01:00:30.290 --> 01:00:33.093
Everybody hear me okay and see our screen?
1134
01:00:35.200 --> 01:00:37.690
I believe so, great.
Yes, we can.
1135
01:00:37.690 --> 01:00:38.780
I apologize, I've been having
1136
01:00:38.780 --> 01:00:41.120
some technical difficulties on my end.
1137
01:00:41.120 --> 01:00:42.750
We do not have time for questions.
1138
01:00:42.750 --> 01:00:44.680
There are some really great questions in there,
1139
01:00:44.680 --> 01:00:47.240
and so, Kevin, we're gonna send him all of your questions
1140
01:00:47.240 --> 01:00:49.330
and we'll be sending out his responses
1141
01:00:49.330 --> 01:00:50.710
within a couple of weeks.
1142
01:00:50.710 --> 01:00:55.020
You've got some people asking about getting into the field,
1143
01:00:55.020 --> 01:00:56.910
how they can support your organization,
1144
01:00:56.910 --> 01:00:59.610
and also some colleagues who are doing great work
1145
01:00:59.610 --> 01:01:02.690
on some specific islands
1146
01:01:02.690 --> 01:01:06.110
who would like to talk shop with you and share information.
1147
01:01:06.110 --> 01:01:09.520
So, we look forward to sending that out to you.
1148
01:01:09.520 --> 01:01:12.290
In the meantime, we need to close to stay on time.
1149
01:01:12.290 --> 01:01:14.620
And so, all of these...
1150
01:01:14.620 --> 01:01:17.690
Hopefully, this recorded despite my technical difficulties,
1151
01:01:17.690 --> 01:01:20.050
and all of these webinars are available
1152
01:01:20.050 --> 01:01:25.050
on our sanctuaries.noaa.gov Webinar Series archive.
1153
01:01:25.410 --> 01:01:27.883
I will put that in the chat before I close.
1154
01:01:28.860 --> 01:01:32.220
We also wanted to let you know that we'll be sending you
1155
01:01:32.220 --> 01:01:36.440
a certificate of attendance for one contact hour,
1156
01:01:36.440 --> 01:01:40.700
so, if that is useful for you in your educational work.
1157
01:01:40.700 --> 01:01:43.570
And wanted to plug, we're not doing anything in December,
1158
01:01:43.570 --> 01:01:47.310
but in January, we are gonna have a speaker, Luna Kekoa,
1159
01:01:47.310 --> 01:01:50.220
from the Hawaiʻi's DAR, Division of Aquatic Resources,
1160
01:01:50.220 --> 01:01:53.610
speaking on the Marine 30 by 30 initiative, Holomua.
1161
01:01:53.610 --> 01:01:56.110
So, please stay tuned for our announcements
1162
01:01:56.110 --> 01:01:58.320
and registration for that.
1163
01:01:58.320 --> 01:02:02.820
Finally, some of you may have heard that Papahānaumokuākea,
1164
01:02:02.820 --> 01:02:04.960
in addition to being a marine national monument,
1165
01:02:04.960 --> 01:02:08.290
is going through the sanctuary-designation process.
1166
01:02:08.290 --> 01:02:09.520
So, there soon will be
1167
01:02:09.520 --> 01:02:11.380
a notice of intent which should be published.
1168
01:02:11.380 --> 01:02:12.680
So, keep it on our website
1169
01:02:12.680 --> 01:02:15.623
to learn more about that, exciting.
1170
01:02:16.650 --> 01:02:18.870
Last but not least, when you close out,
1171
01:02:18.870 --> 01:02:22.360
a survey will pop up and it would be a huge help for us
1172
01:02:22.360 --> 01:02:25.250
if you could take a moment to fill out that survey.
1173
01:02:25.250 --> 01:02:27.930
This is how we continue to justify
1174
01:02:27.930 --> 01:02:30.520
us offering these amazing webinars.
1175
01:02:30.520 --> 01:02:34.870
So, with that, I'm gonna put that last link in the chat
1176
01:02:34.870 --> 01:02:37.220
and call it a webinar.
1177
01:02:37.220 --> 01:02:39.650
Thank you again so much, Kevin,
1178
01:02:39.650 --> 01:02:42.493
both for your work and for sharing that with us today.
1179
01:02:42.493 --> 01:02:45.440
Mahalo nui. Aloha, everyone.
1180
01:02:45.440 --> 01:02:46.307
Mahalo nui, Kevin.
1181
01:02:46.307 --> 01:02:47.843
Thank you to all of you.
1182
01:02:49.415 --> 01:02:51.153
Mahalo, everyone.