WEBVTT
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All right, aloha kākou,
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and welcome to our third Thursday presentation
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on the Hawaiian honu
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take on climate change, signs of a fragile recovery.
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Before we get started, if you're having
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any technical issues, please type them in the question box
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or the chat, we'll be monitoring both.
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Generally people have problems with our audio.
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So what you wanna do is in the Go To Webinar control panel,
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on the right side, there's a section on audio
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and just make sure that you're using the audio
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that you've chosen, whether it's speakers or headphones.
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There's some dropdown list for choosing your audio,
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and that's typically where people have problems.
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But if that doesn't resolve it,
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please type your question into the question box
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and we'll do what we can to help resolve that.
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And before we get started,
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we like to open in the proper Hawaiian way with protocol.
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So we will be opening with mele no Papahānaumokuākea
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which was written specifically for Papahānaumokuākea
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and we'll open this room and welcome you to the space.
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And with that, I will turn it over to our regional,
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cultural specialist, Kalani Quiocho.
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He just took a new position so I'm not clear
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on his exact new title, but congratulations, Kalani.
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It's an awesome, awesome achievement.
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So I will turn it over to Kalani
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and turn my webcam off.
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Aloha mai kākou
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(chants in Hawaiian language)
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Aloha, mahalo Kalani.
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Always a wonderful way to open our presentations.
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And also that mele is chanted
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often before we enter Papahānaumokuākea as a respect
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for that place as a recognition of the deities
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and the spirits that reside there and to set our minds
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in the proper space
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for entering this very sacred area.
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So this presentation today is part of our Office
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of National Marine Sanctuaries Webinar Series,
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and also in partnership
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with our National Marine Sanctuary Foundation.
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So the national Marine sanctuary system
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is numerous sites across the United States
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and then the Pacific, including two very new sites,
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the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast site
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and the Mallows Bay Potomac River site.
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So those have just been designated within the last year,
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the Wisconsin one just very recently,
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but also on the East Coast, we have a Stellwagen Bank
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and Florida Keys on the West Coast.
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Well, in the Gulf of Mexico with the Flower Garden Banks,
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which has also recently expanded.
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So some great protections are going in place
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for your special Marine areas.
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On the west coast, we have Olympic Coast,
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Cordell Bank, Monterey Bay.
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Out here in the Pacific in Hawaiʻi we have two sites
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our Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale
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National Marine Sanctuary,
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and our site, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.
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And below us in the south Pacific, we have American Samoa
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and also Rose Atoll Marine National Monument.
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So this represents your National Marine Sanctuary system,
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the nationʻs underwater parks.
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And our site Papahānaumokuākea,
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we're the largest, fully protected area on the planet,
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fully protected, meaning are our protections are there
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in perpetuity at present.
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So there are other sites that are slightly larger than ours
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but may not have complete and full protection
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or management plans or other things.
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And this is the remotest part, the remotest archipelago
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on Earth, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands,
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and represents islands and atolls and coral reefs
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that stretch for 1200 miles across the Pacific Ocean.
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In the lower left-hand corner you can see how that compares
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to the United States to cover an area from roughly
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New Orleans to Las Vegas.
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So our hosts today are myself, Andy Collins,
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I'm the education coordinator
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for Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument,
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and also work over at our Mokupāpapa Discovery Center
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in Hilo, and Justin Umholtz, he's an education specialist
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at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center
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and he works for the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation.
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So our Mokupāpapa Discovery Center in Hilo
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unfortunately is closed due to COVID
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but there's light at the end of the tunnel
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and we hope to be opening by this fall.
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NOAA is a science agency and as such, it's very conservative
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about reopening and things like that and wants to make sure
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our public and our staff are protected.
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Right now we're closed but we hope if you get to Hilo
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in the next several months that you come visit us,
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we're right on the Bayfront in downtown Hilo.
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We have a beautiful 25,000 square foot facility
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with a 3,500 gallon salt water fish tank,
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many exhibits in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi and in English,
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and also a number of other exhibits that focus
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on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and what's so special
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about that place and why we protect it.
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But across the system, across the National Marine Sanctuary
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system, we protect all these sites
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for their incredible biodiversity.
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Often for maritime heritage, shipwrecks.
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You may have seen that we just recently discovered
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a new shipwreck on when Hōkūle'a
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visited French Frigate Shoals or Lalo.
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They discovered a new shipwreck site,
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a new 19th century, probably whaling vessel.
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So we're always discovering
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new shipwrecks of historic importance.
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It's also incredibly important for its cultural heritage.
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This is a image from Mokumanamana,
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which is the second island up the chain,
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and these are upright on a platform
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or a heiau on the island.
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And there are numerous sites. It has the highest
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concentration of cultural sites anywhere
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in the Hawaiian archipelago on this site.
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And even today, navigators in Hōkūle'a are using
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these islands as training grounds for celestial navigation
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passing on the trade, the craft of wayfinding
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and training new navigators to revitalize the incredible art
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of Polynesian voyaging on double-hulled sailing canoes.
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They also provide a lot of shelter for critical,
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threatened, endangered species, such as this monk seal
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and green sea turtle here enjoying getting away
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from the spatial distancing
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and just throwing caution to the wind.
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And so they provide incredible resting spaces
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for these species, often some of the only places left
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on Earth, where they can nest such as some of the seabirds
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in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
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We also provide a lot of education as which what we do
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at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center,
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because if you don't understand why we're protecting
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these places, you're not really gonna advocate for it.
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So education is a critical part of what we do.
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Outreach, using a lot of our volunteers.
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We go to events and share about what we're doing
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and why we're doing it and engage the public.
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We also conduct a lot of research.
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In fact, right now we have a research expedition
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in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands that's looking
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at an alien invasive species.
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Well, probably it's an invasive algae
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at Pearl and Hermes, or Manawai
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and trying to see what we can do about that,
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what kind of impact there is from that from that algae.
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We also monitor these sites for changes
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such as climate change, such as impacts
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from human shoreline runoff and things like that
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and also certainly alien invasive species
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and trying to arrest those before they get out of control.
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We also do a lot of resource protection.
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This is a great project you may have heard about in the news
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recently, they got a tremendous amount of funding to do
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coral restoration in Florida Keys and surrounding areas.
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So they grow corals in a controlled environment,
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in a nursery, and then they outplant them on the reef
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and this can help areas that are damaged
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from ship groundings or also other kinds of impacts.
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And last but not least, these are just amazing places
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where we can revitalize our souls, connect with the beauty
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and wonder of nature and just have our personal experience
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and personal connection with these places.
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And we do all this through a lot of volunteers.
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So if you're interested in volunteering right now,
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our volunteer programs for the most part
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are kind of shut down because of COVID,
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but we do have a lot of volunteers across the system
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that help with things such as beach cleanups
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and education programs and outreach
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and a whole suite of things.
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So if you're interested in volunteering let us know.
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But today we have a wonderful presentation
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called Hawaiian Honu take on climate change,
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signs of a fragile recovery.
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And our presenter is MaryLou Staman.
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And Mary Lou is the leader of the NOAA
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Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment,
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Green Sea Turtle Population Assessment Project
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in Papahānaumokuākea.
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And as the leader of field research,
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she's spent a total of 12 months living at Lalo,
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French Frigate Shoals over the past four years
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where her favorite activities included stargazing
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and working with the hatchlings.
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So thank you so much for joining us today, MaryLou,
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amazing flexibility.
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She had to take a family trip and is all the way
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on the other side of the planet in Europe,
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in the Netherlands, I think you said,
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and she was able to still join us.
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So thank you for making that time.
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You can turn on your webcam now
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and I will switch the presenter over to you.
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Here we go.
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Okay, great, thank you, Andy.
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Can you hear me okay?
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Yeah, we can hear you great.
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Yeah, right, there you go.
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Great, I think you can see my screen there, perfect.
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Thank you for the introduction.
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And thank you, Andy and Justin for facilitating today
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and Kalani for that mele.
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And so already you had a great introduction there.
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So project leader with NOAA's Marine Turtle Biology
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and assessment program
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at Pacific Islands Fishery Science Center.
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Let's see, I'm going to try this out.
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The first slide is always the scariest, let's see.
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Okay, great, so Andy already mentioned,
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so this lecture series is a part
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of The State of the Monument Lecture Series
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based off the report that came out last year,
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2020 State of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
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and it covers status and trends from 2008 to 2019.
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So a lot of my talk is going to talk
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about some of the research we did during that time
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with our program in the monument and some of the results
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and what could that mean for management in the future.
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And the report can be found
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on the Papahanaumokuakea.gov website.
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So just as a warmup, because I am gonna be talking
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about green sea turtles or honu today,
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I wanted to get everyone, making sure everyone
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is paying attention, their computers are working,
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so I think we're going to open up a poll here
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with a little warm-up question.
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Yes, so everyone can see this.
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If you are not seeing a pop-up quick poll,
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then exit from your full screen mode and you should be able
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to see it then and go ahead and select,
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I can see that some folks are already voting.
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Why our honu commonly called green sea turtles?
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So we've got about 60% of the audience has already voted.
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I'll give you another 20 seconds folks.
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MaryLou, I don't believe you can see this part,
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I'll share the results in just a second.
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Okay, thank you.
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All right, last five seconds,
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we're at 77% of the audience has voted.
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Go ahead and make your last choice in 3, 2, 1.
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I'm going to close the poll and share it.
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Can you see that okay?
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Mary Lou, can you see the results?
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Oh, now I see, yeah.
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Okay great, well, I'll let you respond
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and just let me know when you'd like me to close it.
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Okay, great.
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So their fatty tissues are green,
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so majority of you got that correct, great work.
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So that is a common misconception because they are usually
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covered in green algae and their shells do, well,
259
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their shells are more brown but when they're covered
260
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in algae they look green.
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But they were actually named for the fats in their body
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and which we believe are tinted green
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because of their herbivorous diet,
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because bring sea turtles eat a lot of sea grass and algae.
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Let's see.
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Okay, a little delay on my slides here
267
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so I'm gonna keep moving through them.
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So, okay, I just wanna orient everyone first
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to this map of the Pacific
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from the latest green sea turtle status review.
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It shows the nesting sites of green turtles
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delineated by their distinct population segments or DPSs,
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00:16:50.150 --> 00:16:55.150
and this is designated by the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
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The Hawaiian honu reside
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within the Central North Pacific or CNP DPS.
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And the population is considered threatened
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due to a lack of diversity of nesting habitat
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and because those nesting grounds are very vulnerable
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to climate change.
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Okay, so if we zoom in
281
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on the Hawaiian archipelago,
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this is the same map that Andy showed a moment ago.
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You can see the vast spread
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00:17:24.890 --> 00:17:28.350
of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.
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While honu nesting occurs in small numbers on most islands
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00:17:32.050 --> 00:17:35.160
in the monument, today I'm gonna focus on the Lalo
287
00:17:35.160 --> 00:17:36.410
or French Frigate Shoals
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where honu have been monitored since 1973.
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And with that, I'm gonna do another poll,
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keeping you guys on your toes.
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So the question is, yeah,
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what do you see that, Andy?
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Go ahead, it is just launched, go for it
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if you wanna read it.
Oh, yeah.
295
00:17:55.510 --> 00:17:57.700
So what percentage of honu nest at Lalo
296
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or French Frigate Shoals?
297
00:17:58.820 --> 00:18:03.820
So this is all the honu in the entire population.
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00:18:07.180 --> 00:18:09.650
Well, yeah, people are jumping on right away.
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00:18:09.650 --> 00:18:11.567
We have 40% of the audiences voted
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00:18:11.567 --> 00:18:13.767
and it's climbing quickly.
Well, awesome.
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00:18:15.229 --> 00:18:16.280
Go ahead and-
While you guys are voting ,
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00:18:16.280 --> 00:18:17.360
I'll just say,
303
00:18:17.360 --> 00:18:21.050
so what's also interesting about the distinct population
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00:18:21.050 --> 00:18:24.920
segment of honu is that they're considered a genetically
305
00:18:24.920 --> 00:18:26.980
and geographically distinct population,
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00:18:26.980 --> 00:18:30.846
so there's very little mixing with other populations.
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00:18:30.846 --> 00:18:33.763
So it's considered a closed system.
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00:18:35.940 --> 00:18:38.505
Okay, well, I'm gonna give you folks five more seconds.
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00:18:38.505 --> 00:18:42.210
We're at 70% of the audience have been voted.
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00:18:42.210 --> 00:18:46.740
Four, three, two and one.
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00:18:46.740 --> 00:18:48.940
Okay, you should be seeing it on your screen
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00:18:48.940 --> 00:18:50.103
in just a second.
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00:18:55.940 --> 00:18:57.053
Can you see it okay?
314
00:18:57.960 --> 00:19:00.040
Okay, oh, that was a close one.
315
00:19:00.040 --> 00:19:01.773
Oh, it's a tie, awesome.
316
00:19:03.040 --> 00:19:05.923
Great, so people were learning stuff today, this is great.
317
00:19:07.170 --> 00:19:10.960
The people in purple, the 96% have that correct.
318
00:19:10.960 --> 00:19:14.780
So it's an incredibly huge amount of a percentage
319
00:19:14.780 --> 00:19:18.800
of the population that nests this one atoll,
320
00:19:18.800 --> 00:19:21.000
this one area within the monument
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00:19:21.000 --> 00:19:22.950
within the entire Hawaiian archipelago.
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00:19:30.930 --> 00:19:33.150
Okay, breezing through here.
323
00:19:33.150 --> 00:19:35.883
Okay, so pulling back that, pulling up the map again,
324
00:19:36.900 --> 00:19:38.423
I just wanted to show,
325
00:19:41.310 --> 00:19:43.890
all the turtles are migrating from the Northern part
326
00:19:43.890 --> 00:19:46.400
of the archipelago from the Main Hawaiian Islands.
327
00:19:46.400 --> 00:19:48.390
Again, we do have some nesting in the Mains
328
00:19:48.390 --> 00:19:51.400
and on other islands, but a majority of the turtles
329
00:19:51.400 --> 00:19:54.200
are all migrating to Lalo.
330
00:19:54.200 --> 00:19:57.513
So it makes it really interesting population to study.
331
00:20:00.440 --> 00:20:03.460
Within the atoll, a majority of nesting occurs
332
00:20:03.460 --> 00:20:07.290
on two islands, Tern and East.
333
00:20:07.290 --> 00:20:10.110
So that is where we've been conducting
334
00:20:10.110 --> 00:20:13.713
our population assessment study.
335
00:20:17.100 --> 00:20:19.880
Tern island, which you're about to see on the left,
336
00:20:19.880 --> 00:20:23.640
it's a 10-hectare former airport used by the military
337
00:20:23.640 --> 00:20:26.620
Coast Guard and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
338
00:20:26.620 --> 00:20:29.820
Today, it's crumbling seawall and dilapidated buildings
339
00:20:29.820 --> 00:20:33.300
pose significant entrapment hazard to birds, seals,
340
00:20:33.300 --> 00:20:34.833
monk seals and honu.
341
00:20:35.860 --> 00:20:38.240
East Island is on the right.
342
00:20:38.240 --> 00:20:39.820
It's three to four hectors.
343
00:20:39.820 --> 00:20:42.040
It was three to four hectors large,
344
00:20:42.040 --> 00:20:44.500
it's more coral rubble and sand.
345
00:20:44.500 --> 00:20:47.570
And despite its smaller size, we do know that it shown
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00:20:47.570 --> 00:20:50.870
resilience to winter storms for over 2000 years old.
347
00:20:50.870 --> 00:20:54.590
So it wasn't dynamic, it was pretty stable
348
00:20:54.590 --> 00:20:56.433
for at least 2000 years.
349
00:20:59.900 --> 00:21:01.333
Okay, great so,
350
00:21:02.810 --> 00:21:06.600
East Island also historically supported more than half
351
00:21:06.600 --> 00:21:08.720
of all nesting activity at Lalo.
352
00:21:08.720 --> 00:21:10.860
So that's where researchers like myself
353
00:21:10.860 --> 00:21:14.410
have been camping out to monitor nesting females since 1973.
354
00:21:14.410 --> 00:21:17.640
And you can see me there in a few of the photos.
355
00:21:17.640 --> 00:21:21.290
These camps are usually four to six months long.
356
00:21:21.290 --> 00:21:23.570
We bring all our own supplies, we get dropped off
357
00:21:23.570 --> 00:21:25.810
by one of the NOAA ships.
358
00:21:25.810 --> 00:21:28.920
We bring in food, research equipment,
359
00:21:28.920 --> 00:21:29.980
we have a satellite phone,
360
00:21:29.980 --> 00:21:32.620
we don't have internet or cell phones.
361
00:21:32.620 --> 00:21:35.480
And we got a lot of training in risk assessment
362
00:21:35.480 --> 00:21:37.910
and wilderness first aid and things like that.
363
00:21:37.910 --> 00:21:40.313
So it's a really interesting project.
364
00:21:43.840 --> 00:21:46.770
Here the green bars, you can see the number
365
00:21:46.770 --> 00:21:51.340
of nesting females on East Island from 1973 to 2018.
366
00:21:51.340 --> 00:21:53.400
So this is kind of the fruits of our labor there.
367
00:21:53.400 --> 00:21:58.010
And turtles, they don't migrate every year to reproduce.
368
00:21:58.010 --> 00:22:02.270
So the fluctuations between years are natural and normal.
369
00:22:02.270 --> 00:22:06.000
Some years you're gonna more females that migrate,
370
00:22:06.000 --> 00:22:08.040
some years you'll have less but on average,
371
00:22:08.040 --> 00:22:10.093
they migrate every three to four years.
372
00:22:14.250 --> 00:22:15.083
Another poll,
373
00:22:16.210 --> 00:22:17.600
another poll question.
374
00:22:17.600 --> 00:22:22.600
So that graph that I just showed, what do you guys think?
375
00:22:22.950 --> 00:22:25.920
How has the number of females nesting on East Island
376
00:22:25.920 --> 00:22:27.543
changed over the years?
377
00:22:33.305 --> 00:22:37.940
Great, we're at 25% already and climbing quickly.
378
00:22:37.940 --> 00:22:38.773
Let's see if we can get up
379
00:22:38.773 --> 00:22:41.083
to that 70 or 80% of the audience.
380
00:22:45.230 --> 00:22:47.550
Folks, I'm gonna give you about 15 more seconds,
381
00:22:47.550 --> 00:22:49.043
so make that hard decision.
382
00:22:55.130 --> 00:22:58.870
Okay, it looks like we're slowing down at 75%.
383
00:22:58.870 --> 00:23:03.870
So I'm gonna give you five, four, three, two, and closing.
384
00:23:05.900 --> 00:23:07.946
All right, it should be popping up on your screen
385
00:23:07.946 --> 00:23:08.779
in a moment here.
386
00:23:15.520 --> 00:23:17.096
I believe we have about a five seconds.
387
00:23:17.096 --> 00:23:19.880
Can you see it now?
Yeah, great.
388
00:23:19.880 --> 00:23:24.780
So I know that the graph looked really promising
389
00:23:24.780 --> 00:23:27.660
but they were a few, and so that's why I'm assuming
390
00:23:27.660 --> 00:23:32.310
people were answering increased by about 22%.
391
00:23:32.310 --> 00:23:37.240
So it actually was that they are increasing by about 3%.
392
00:23:37.240 --> 00:23:39.700
And that as I'll say again,
393
00:23:39.700 --> 00:23:42.080
is from females nesting on East Island
394
00:23:43.380 --> 00:23:45.490
and not the total population size.
395
00:23:45.490 --> 00:23:48.360
And that's the metric that we'll use for our population
396
00:23:48.360 --> 00:23:50.530
at the moment that we've been using for decades,
397
00:23:50.530 --> 00:23:52.420
because that's the thing that we can count the best.
398
00:23:52.420 --> 00:23:55.940
So going to the island, working at night
399
00:23:55.940 --> 00:23:57.850
when the females are coming up and laying their eggs,
400
00:23:57.850 --> 00:24:01.400
we can get a more accurate, or that's the most accurate
401
00:24:01.400 --> 00:24:03.813
metric that we can get for these females.
402
00:24:08.510 --> 00:24:11.300
Just a second.
403
00:24:11.300 --> 00:24:14.280
And so that is actually, if you read the report
404
00:24:14.280 --> 00:24:19.280
from the monument, that is why the honu green turtles
405
00:24:19.540 --> 00:24:23.540
are designated as good or in fair standing
406
00:24:23.540 --> 00:24:25.720
because the status of green turtles in the monument
407
00:24:25.720 --> 00:24:28.880
is considered good, fair with medium evidence
408
00:24:28.880 --> 00:24:31.480
due to increasing numbers of female nesters.
409
00:24:31.480 --> 00:24:34.290
But there's a lot more going on, there's a lot more play,
410
00:24:34.290 --> 00:24:37.320
and that's the one I'm gonna talk about next.
411
00:24:37.320 --> 00:24:41.550
So after collecting over 45 years of census data,
412
00:24:41.550 --> 00:24:44.200
our program's goal in recent years has been to build
413
00:24:44.200 --> 00:24:48.230
upon that massive data sets as published in 2015 there
414
00:24:49.340 --> 00:24:52.010
to collect as much contemporary nest dynamic data
415
00:24:52.010 --> 00:24:55.880
as possible and then use that data to improve
416
00:24:55.880 --> 00:24:58.410
our population and climate change models.
417
00:24:58.410 --> 00:25:01.840
In addition to the longer full saturation tagging seasons,
418
00:25:01.840 --> 00:25:05.250
so those four to six months I was talking about,
419
00:25:05.250 --> 00:25:08.270
we also increased nest excavations.
420
00:25:08.270 --> 00:25:11.010
So going in after the nest hatch and going in
421
00:25:11.010 --> 00:25:13.693
and counting how many eggs there were,
422
00:25:14.890 --> 00:25:16.920
where did the eggs hatch, were they successful?
423
00:25:16.920 --> 00:25:20.370
So very important metric for, it's okay if you,
424
00:25:20.370 --> 00:25:22.870
it's great if you know how many females are coming up
425
00:25:22.870 --> 00:25:25.240
and laying, but we also want to know how successful
426
00:25:25.240 --> 00:25:26.840
those females on their eggs are.
427
00:25:27.810 --> 00:25:30.480
We were deploying temperature data logger deployments,
428
00:25:30.480 --> 00:25:32.590
which I'll talk more about in a moment.
429
00:25:32.590 --> 00:25:34.650
The use of telemetry, so that turtle
430
00:25:34.650 --> 00:25:36.800
in the bottom right there is satellite tagged
431
00:25:36.800 --> 00:25:40.253
by one of our researchers, and genetic sampling.
432
00:25:43.950 --> 00:25:46.820
Let's see, so the deployment of temperature data loggers
433
00:25:46.820 --> 00:25:50.840
in nests at Lalo are especially important to help us predict
434
00:25:50.840 --> 00:25:53.390
our honu populations resilience to climate change
435
00:25:53.390 --> 00:25:56.460
when faced with increasing global temperatures.
436
00:25:56.460 --> 00:25:59.090
Which for a honu can lead to skewed sex ratios
437
00:25:59.090 --> 00:26:01.724
and even embryonic death, and that's why it's important
438
00:26:01.724 --> 00:26:03.913
we do those nest excavations.
439
00:26:05.810 --> 00:26:09.680
So for example, I'm gonna pull up a graph here,
440
00:26:09.680 --> 00:26:12.300
when we look at the temperature data logger data
441
00:26:12.300 --> 00:26:15.210
from East Island in 2018,
442
00:26:15.210 --> 00:26:18.580
we can see that the nest laid earlier in the season in May,
443
00:26:18.580 --> 00:26:22.350
so that's shown in blue kind of more towards the left,
444
00:26:22.350 --> 00:26:24.470
they're cooler than the nest late a few weeks later
445
00:26:24.470 --> 00:26:27.680
during the peak season in June, shown in green,
446
00:26:27.680 --> 00:26:30.483
and July shown in that reddish brown color.
447
00:26:34.470 --> 00:26:38.210
Temperature is very important to honu egg development.
448
00:26:38.210 --> 00:26:39.640
Cooler nest temperatures result
449
00:26:39.640 --> 00:26:41.130
in longer incubation periods.
450
00:26:41.130 --> 00:26:45.180
So those nests laid April, May,
451
00:26:45.180 --> 00:26:47.350
you can see have longer incubation periods
452
00:26:47.350 --> 00:26:51.423
written there in blue, so 81, 82 days on average.
453
00:26:52.380 --> 00:26:54.993
And they can lead to lower hatch success rates.
454
00:26:56.210 --> 00:27:00.020
When warmer temperatures results in shorter incubation
455
00:27:00.020 --> 00:27:03.600
periods and result in greater hatch success rates
456
00:27:03.600 --> 00:27:04.433
as you can see there.
457
00:27:04.433 --> 00:27:07.770
So our nests that are being laid in July
458
00:27:07.770 --> 00:27:11.480
are sometimes incubating only for 50 to 65 days.
459
00:27:11.480 --> 00:27:14.620
So it's a huge difference between the 60 days
460
00:27:14.620 --> 00:27:16.253
and the 80 to 90 days.
461
00:27:19.230 --> 00:27:22.710
Okay, but honu also have what's called
462
00:27:22.710 --> 00:27:24.930
temperature dependent sex determination,
463
00:27:24.930 --> 00:27:27.470
which is the temperature of the nest environment
464
00:27:27.470 --> 00:27:30.240
during the second trimester of incubation.
465
00:27:30.240 --> 00:27:32.920
So that nest temperature, it's gonna determine
466
00:27:32.920 --> 00:27:36.210
the sex of the developing embryos.
467
00:27:36.210 --> 00:27:38.740
So cooler temperatures produce male turtles
468
00:27:38.740 --> 00:27:41.233
and warmer temperatures produce females.
469
00:27:42.850 --> 00:27:45.840
The temperature at which a given nest produces 50% males
470
00:27:45.840 --> 00:27:49.040
and 50% females is called the pivotal temperature.
471
00:27:49.040 --> 00:27:51.490
And the way that that works naturally is that
472
00:27:51.490 --> 00:27:54.990
if a normal nest not being affected by extreme temperatures
473
00:27:54.990 --> 00:27:59.420
is incubating, then the eggs on the outside of the clutch
474
00:27:59.420 --> 00:28:02.420
will incubate a cooler temperatures will be exposed more
475
00:28:02.420 --> 00:28:05.050
to the environment, and so those will be the males.
476
00:28:05.050 --> 00:28:07.890
And then the eggs in the center of the clutch
477
00:28:07.890 --> 00:28:09.760
will be surrounded by other eggs
478
00:28:09.760 --> 00:28:12.570
and due to the metabolic heating will be a little bit
479
00:28:12.570 --> 00:28:14.620
warmer and so those will be your females.
480
00:28:15.760 --> 00:28:17.210
But we're still investigating
481
00:28:17.210 --> 00:28:18.870
the exact pivotal temperatures.
482
00:28:18.870 --> 00:28:22.530
So that temperature where turtles or embryos are half male,
483
00:28:22.530 --> 00:28:25.760
half female, that nice balance that we want to see.
484
00:28:25.760 --> 00:28:28.070
So we don't know the exact temperature for a honu,
485
00:28:28.070 --> 00:28:31.060
but I highlighted here in purple
486
00:28:31.060 --> 00:28:34.316
an estimated pivotal temperature of 29 degrees.
487
00:28:34.316 --> 00:28:37.260
And we can see how the population might compare
488
00:28:37.260 --> 00:28:39.063
to this global average.
489
00:28:40.110 --> 00:28:44.967
Those earlier laid nests from April and May, like I said,
490
00:28:46.360 --> 00:28:49.093
are cooler and then those later nests are warmer.
491
00:28:50.420 --> 00:28:52.900
Populations where nesting temperatures have already
492
00:28:52.900 --> 00:28:54.860
increased, for example in south Florida
493
00:28:54.860 --> 00:28:59.550
or in parts of Australia, those nests already heavily
494
00:28:59.550 --> 00:29:03.330
female biased and are at risk of losing
495
00:29:03.330 --> 00:29:05.190
sustainable breeding ratios.
496
00:29:05.190 --> 00:29:07.610
So some of those populations haven't produced a male
497
00:29:07.610 --> 00:29:09.480
or have only produced very few males
498
00:29:10.360 --> 00:29:11.760
for several decades already.
499
00:29:15.400 --> 00:29:17.760
And then just highlighting in red there
500
00:29:17.760 --> 00:29:20.870
if nests get too warm , well then we have also a temperature
501
00:29:20.870 --> 00:29:23.480
around 34 degrees Celsius where we know that results
502
00:29:23.480 --> 00:29:27.053
in embryonic death and then your nest wouldn't survive.
503
00:29:29.109 --> 00:29:32.130
And then the black line that's about the pop-up
504
00:29:32.130 --> 00:29:34.640
represents the mean temperature of our control data loggers.
505
00:29:34.640 --> 00:29:36.590
So those are data loggers that we put in the sand
506
00:29:36.590 --> 00:29:41.023
near the nest, not in eggs, not in a clutch of eggs.
507
00:29:42.130 --> 00:29:45.170
And when we use these data to update our population
508
00:29:45.170 --> 00:29:47.940
and our climate change models, we're forced to recognize
509
00:29:47.940 --> 00:29:49.750
that climate scientists prediction
510
00:29:49.750 --> 00:29:52.420
of a global temperature increase of one to two temperatures,
511
00:29:52.420 --> 00:29:55.523
which I tried to estimate there with my block arrows,
512
00:29:56.940 --> 00:29:59.370
that temperature increased by the year 2100
513
00:29:59.370 --> 00:30:01.090
could have a significant effect on the health
514
00:30:01.090 --> 00:30:02.790
and development of these nests
515
00:30:02.790 --> 00:30:05.343
as well as the future sex ratio of the population.
516
00:30:09.300 --> 00:30:12.330
Okay, so in addition to increasing global temperatures,
517
00:30:12.330 --> 00:30:14.820
we're also studying the honu populations resilience
518
00:30:14.820 --> 00:30:18.330
to catastrophic events and how they can lead to habitat loss
519
00:30:18.330 --> 00:30:20.640
and changes in habitat quality.
520
00:30:20.640 --> 00:30:22.270
These events are becoming more important
521
00:30:22.270 --> 00:30:25.820
as global climate change leads to sea level rise
522
00:30:25.820 --> 00:30:28.810
and more frequent and more intense storms interact
523
00:30:28.810 --> 00:30:30.740
with the vulnerable islets of the monument,
524
00:30:30.740 --> 00:30:31.853
as we've already seen.
525
00:30:33.450 --> 00:30:38.210
So have another poll question, because some of you
526
00:30:38.210 --> 00:30:40.490
may have already heard about what happened
527
00:30:40.490 --> 00:30:42.340
in the monument in recent years
528
00:30:43.670 --> 00:30:48.200
with storms and loss of habitat.
529
00:30:48.200 --> 00:30:50.310
So we have a poll open now.
530
00:30:50.310 --> 00:30:54.270
How many islets of Lalo within the atoll area
531
00:30:54.270 --> 00:30:57.703
eroded away or severely damaged since the 1990s?
532
00:30:58.890 --> 00:31:03.320
So was it one islets, was it three islets, five
533
00:31:05.040 --> 00:31:07.870
or none were eroded or damaged?
534
00:31:07.870 --> 00:31:09.543
They're actually more islets now.
535
00:31:12.150 --> 00:31:15.550
Well, already 50% of the audience has voted
536
00:31:15.550 --> 00:31:18.000
and it's going pretty fast.
537
00:31:18.000 --> 00:31:22.053
So I'll wait and see if we can get up to that 70 to 80%.
538
00:31:30.290 --> 00:31:32.120
All right, folks, we're slowing down a little bit,
539
00:31:32.120 --> 00:31:35.570
we're almost to 70%, I'm gonna give you 15 more seconds.
540
00:31:35.570 --> 00:31:37.863
So I'm going to take the plunge.
541
00:31:39.760 --> 00:31:41.343
Yeah, that makes sense.
542
00:31:44.690 --> 00:31:49.690
All right, five, four, three, two, one,
543
00:31:49.750 --> 00:31:52.173
we'll stop at about 70%.
544
00:31:53.470 --> 00:31:54.650
And I'm sharing it now.
545
00:31:54.650 --> 00:31:56.800
So it should just take a couple of seconds.
546
00:32:06.420 --> 00:32:07.850
Okay, so I see the results.
547
00:32:07.850 --> 00:32:12.280
I see a majority 47% answered three, that's correct.
548
00:32:12.280 --> 00:32:13.150
Great job guys.
549
00:32:13.150 --> 00:32:17.230
So we did lose three islets since the 1990s.
550
00:32:17.230 --> 00:32:20.923
And I've put a map up there on my screen.
551
00:32:22.340 --> 00:32:24.590
Let's see, I think that's coming back up now.
552
00:32:26.980 --> 00:32:28.560
Okay, so there's Lalo.
553
00:32:29.920 --> 00:32:34.420
There were quite a few little islets before.
554
00:32:34.420 --> 00:32:38.820
So in the 1990s, Whale Skate on the upper right there
555
00:32:38.820 --> 00:32:41.370
eroded, and that was a large island,
556
00:32:41.370 --> 00:32:46.370
it had a lot of seal pupping and resting habitat.
557
00:32:47.460 --> 00:32:50.533
It was a honu nesting habitat.
558
00:32:51.470 --> 00:32:56.470
And then in 2018 while we were there during the season,
559
00:32:56.740 --> 00:32:59.810
Trig on the very top there also eroded away
560
00:32:59.810 --> 00:33:02.070
and that hadn't completely eroded away before,
561
00:33:02.070 --> 00:33:03.070
so that was surprising.
562
00:33:03.070 --> 00:33:05.610
We watched it get smaller and smaller and smaller.
563
00:33:05.610 --> 00:33:06.870
I remember at the beginning of the season,
564
00:33:06.870 --> 00:33:09.490
we had over 80 turtles basking there every day,
565
00:33:09.490 --> 00:33:12.943
it was pretty big island, I know they used to camp on it,
566
00:33:13.980 --> 00:33:15.020
and then that was gone.
567
00:33:15.020 --> 00:33:16.540
And then as you might have heard in the news,
568
00:33:16.540 --> 00:33:21.150
the third island in 2018 was East Island.
569
00:33:21.150 --> 00:33:26.150
So that was eroded away by hurricane Walaka
570
00:33:26.490 --> 00:33:30.590
and it has returned.
571
00:33:30.590 --> 00:33:33.030
It's smaller, it moved a little bit.
572
00:33:33.030 --> 00:33:35.230
It's smaller, it's more dynamic.
573
00:33:35.230 --> 00:33:37.460
It's come and gone between the summer
574
00:33:37.460 --> 00:33:39.593
and the winter seasons since that storm.
575
00:33:40.951 --> 00:33:43.880
And then I just wanna highlight, so in yellow there
576
00:33:43.880 --> 00:33:46.873
we have Shark, Round, Mullet and Disappearing.
577
00:33:47.910 --> 00:33:49.760
Those are very dynamic, they're still there,
578
00:33:49.760 --> 00:33:52.660
those islets are still there but they're very dynamic
579
00:33:52.660 --> 00:33:56.020
and will often erode away naturally throughout the season
580
00:33:56.020 --> 00:33:58.600
between the winter and summer months.
581
00:33:58.600 --> 00:34:00.530
And then so that really only leaves,
582
00:34:00.530 --> 00:34:04.550
depending on how East Island returns the next few years.
583
00:34:04.550 --> 00:34:07.710
Tern island is still there and then we have the Gins
584
00:34:07.710 --> 00:34:10.320
down south, which are very flat
585
00:34:10.320 --> 00:34:12.850
but they're a little more stable than the other islets.
586
00:34:12.850 --> 00:34:14.663
So potential nesting habitat.
587
00:34:16.630 --> 00:34:17.823
Okay, so,
588
00:34:18.980 --> 00:34:21.280
what is the status of East Island?
589
00:34:21.280 --> 00:34:24.860
So that was in 2018, the end of 2018, the storm.
590
00:34:24.860 --> 00:34:28.420
And then we arrived in the spring of 2019,
591
00:34:28.420 --> 00:34:31.620
and it was seven months later.
592
00:34:31.620 --> 00:34:34.360
East initially appeared to have grown larger and appeared
593
00:34:34.360 --> 00:34:38.450
to support turtle nesting activity, which was exciting.
594
00:34:38.450 --> 00:34:42.150
But we, as I feared, it wasn't quite large enough
595
00:34:42.150 --> 00:34:44.960
to support the nesting throughout the incubation period.
596
00:34:44.960 --> 00:34:49.140
As I mentioned before, in a warmer part of the season,
597
00:34:49.140 --> 00:34:53.250
you still have to wait about 60 days for a nest to incubate.
598
00:34:53.250 --> 00:34:55.650
And so what happened throughout the 2019 season
599
00:34:55.650 --> 00:34:59.600
was that the islet shrunk and eroded away
600
00:34:59.600 --> 00:35:01.667
and the turtle nest were being washed out of the berm
601
00:35:01.667 --> 00:35:03.188
and so that's what you can see in the photo.
602
00:35:03.188 --> 00:35:06.203
The smaller photo, there is a nest washing out of the berm.
603
00:35:07.660 --> 00:35:10.830
One of our program's goals is to continue to monitor
604
00:35:10.830 --> 00:35:13.410
this ability of the island and its effectiveness
605
00:35:13.410 --> 00:35:16.610
as an incubator for future turtle nesting activity.
606
00:35:16.610 --> 00:35:18.730
So we're hoping that although it's big enough
607
00:35:18.730 --> 00:35:21.050
to encourage the turtles to nest again,
608
00:35:21.050 --> 00:35:25.110
we're hoping that it will then also stay stable
609
00:35:25.110 --> 00:35:28.193
and large enough to successfully incubate those nests.
610
00:35:30.320 --> 00:35:33.030
So I'll just go through a few photos here
611
00:35:33.030 --> 00:35:35.260
so I can show you what happened.
612
00:35:35.260 --> 00:35:40.260
So the first photo here is when we arrived in 2019 in May.
613
00:35:42.130 --> 00:35:46.180
So this is where it looked promising and we recorded,
614
00:35:46.180 --> 00:35:47.740
we weren't able to camp and set up our camp
615
00:35:47.740 --> 00:35:51.313
on East Island again, we were just camping on Tern island.
616
00:35:52.250 --> 00:35:56.370
But we were able to do basking surveys
617
00:35:56.370 --> 00:35:58.730
and then daytime nesting surveys where we looked
618
00:35:58.730 --> 00:36:02.520
for nesting pits and fresh nesting activity.
619
00:36:02.520 --> 00:36:05.510
And that's what you see here marked in black.
620
00:36:05.510 --> 00:36:07.850
And you can see it's mostly on the high part of the island,
621
00:36:07.850 --> 00:36:11.040
which was the eastern or leeward side.
622
00:36:11.040 --> 00:36:13.910
And then if you watch the photo now, it's gonna move
623
00:36:14.930 --> 00:36:17.723
to what happened to the end of the season.
624
00:36:19.500 --> 00:36:20.850
Okay, and there you see it.
625
00:36:22.040 --> 00:36:23.450
This was at the end of the season,
626
00:36:23.450 --> 00:36:26.480
see how the island had moved and shifted already.
627
00:36:26.480 --> 00:36:30.380
And so what happened was the next marker
628
00:36:31.400 --> 00:36:35.100
is just showing these red dots are where we observed
629
00:36:35.100 --> 00:36:36.620
nests washing out as the berm.
630
00:36:36.620 --> 00:36:39.160
And it's not even comprehensive, we weren't able to get out
631
00:36:39.160 --> 00:36:41.890
there every day because we weren't camping there anymore.
632
00:36:41.890 --> 00:36:44.730
So these were just what we saw with surveys
633
00:36:44.730 --> 00:36:46.083
two to three days a week.
634
00:36:53.960 --> 00:36:56.370
Not only are the honu nesting habitats in the monument
635
00:36:56.370 --> 00:36:59.100
eroding away, but those that remain, as I mentioned,
636
00:36:59.100 --> 00:37:03.010
Tern island is still there, it's becoming degraded
637
00:37:03.010 --> 00:37:06.603
at a rate that is accelerated by catastrophic events.
638
00:37:08.610 --> 00:37:12.180
So prior to Hurricane Walaka, Tern island was heavily
639
00:37:12.180 --> 00:37:14.730
vegetated all the way to the Southern berm line
640
00:37:14.730 --> 00:37:19.520
as seen here in May of 2018.
641
00:37:19.520 --> 00:37:22.550
So keep an eye on that Southern berm line.
642
00:37:22.550 --> 00:37:24.465
You can see the yellow, white sand,
643
00:37:24.465 --> 00:37:27.133
and then you can see the dark green vegetation.
644
00:37:31.540 --> 00:37:34.010
What happened was, so the vegetation was tall
645
00:37:34.010 --> 00:37:37.000
and it was impenetrable as seen in these photos.
646
00:37:37.000 --> 00:37:39.170
It consisted mostly of tree heliotrope,
647
00:37:39.170 --> 00:37:43.780
which is a taller bush, and it provided bird nesting habitat
648
00:37:43.780 --> 00:37:48.720
and acted as a natural barrier at the top of the beach.
649
00:37:48.720 --> 00:37:52.130
So that turtles weren't able to crawl past the bushes,
650
00:37:52.130 --> 00:37:55.060
past the trees and into the interior of the island
651
00:37:55.060 --> 00:37:57.770
where there were more entrapment hazards.
652
00:37:57.770 --> 00:38:00.200
The interior of the island is that former runway,
653
00:38:00.200 --> 00:38:03.880
as I mentioned before, and then also there are seawalls that
654
00:38:04.810 --> 00:38:06.580
enclose three sides of the island.
655
00:38:06.580 --> 00:38:09.210
So that south beach is really the only safe entry
656
00:38:09.210 --> 00:38:11.890
and exit for nesting habitat.
657
00:38:11.890 --> 00:38:16.470
And it kept the turtles in the thicker part of the sand,
658
00:38:16.470 --> 00:38:17.723
closer to the water.
659
00:38:19.626 --> 00:38:22.380
Okay, so here's that map again.
660
00:38:22.380 --> 00:38:24.710
'Cause of the barrier, the turtles in 2018,
661
00:38:24.710 --> 00:38:27.870
before the storm, we're laying all of their nests nicely
662
00:38:27.870 --> 00:38:30.120
right along that berm there on the Southern part
663
00:38:30.120 --> 00:38:32.240
and they weren't going inland.
664
00:38:32.240 --> 00:38:33.430
So keep an eye on that
665
00:38:36.070 --> 00:38:38.200
vegetation, the dark green stuff.
666
00:38:38.200 --> 00:38:41.070
This next photo is from after the storm,
667
00:38:41.070 --> 00:38:43.430
only just a few short months later.
668
00:38:43.430 --> 00:38:46.320
ah, you can see, so most of that vegetation got washed away.
669
00:38:46.320 --> 00:38:49.140
There was sand displaced on the island.
670
00:38:49.140 --> 00:38:52.723
Here you can see the nests that were laid the,
671
00:38:54.691 --> 00:38:57.390
in 2018 kind of all nicely along the berm,
672
00:38:57.390 --> 00:39:02.390
but now with the new status of the island kind of underlaid.
673
00:39:02.910 --> 00:39:04.480
And this is what that looked like.
674
00:39:04.480 --> 00:39:06.720
Here's the photo of south beach eight months
675
00:39:06.720 --> 00:39:08.290
after Hurricane Walaka.
676
00:39:08.290 --> 00:39:11.140
You can see the tree heliotrope has gone.
677
00:39:11.140 --> 00:39:14.980
It's really exposed, cleared of vegetation,
678
00:39:14.980 --> 00:39:17.010
and there was limited vegetation regrowth
679
00:39:17.010 --> 00:39:19.880
and almost zero large bushes or barriers.
680
00:39:19.880 --> 00:39:24.043
So the turtles were free to crawl inland.
681
00:39:25.390 --> 00:39:26.963
Going back to the map,
682
00:39:28.930 --> 00:39:31.120
so I'm gonna show the yellow nests that I had before
683
00:39:31.120 --> 00:39:35.653
from 2018 and I'm gonna pull up the nest from 2019 in pink.
684
00:39:37.200 --> 00:39:40.440
And what you can see is how differently that looks.
685
00:39:40.440 --> 00:39:44.040
So a lot of the 2019 nests were laid inland.
686
00:39:44.040 --> 00:39:47.500
Well, that initially seemed promising
687
00:39:47.500 --> 00:39:51.100
that the turtles were crawling inland,
688
00:39:51.100 --> 00:39:52.390
they had all this new nesting habitat,
689
00:39:52.390 --> 00:39:55.630
there weren't trees and vegetation there blocking them.
690
00:39:55.630 --> 00:39:57.480
But actually when we went back in
691
00:39:59.020 --> 00:40:02.440
and looked at the actual depth of the sand
692
00:40:03.420 --> 00:40:05.310
further inland on the island
693
00:40:05.310 --> 00:40:09.290
We saw that it was too shallow to be a successful incubator.
694
00:40:09.290 --> 00:40:12.910
So the dots there, the points there in red
695
00:40:13.780 --> 00:40:17.330
were the holes depths that we saw
696
00:40:17.330 --> 00:40:19.580
up to 20 centimeters in yellow.
697
00:40:19.580 --> 00:40:22.020
And then green, where the deepest holes that we found,
698
00:40:22.020 --> 00:40:24.820
but they were still only went up to about 66 centimeters
699
00:40:25.970 --> 00:40:29.740
and average successful, actual average nest depths
700
00:40:29.740 --> 00:40:32.120
are usually in the 60s, just average.
701
00:40:32.120 --> 00:40:35.650
So you wanna see ness around that depth or deeper.
702
00:40:35.650 --> 00:40:38.830
So that would make these nests more susceptible
703
00:40:38.830 --> 00:40:43.830
to being baked in the sun or damaged.
704
00:40:44.130 --> 00:40:46.940
Being too close to the surface, not enough insulator,
705
00:40:46.940 --> 00:40:49.033
not enough of a protection.
706
00:40:54.797 --> 00:40:59.220
And then that could best be seen, so the pink dots
707
00:40:59.220 --> 00:41:01.680
were all the nests that we saw being laid.
708
00:41:01.680 --> 00:41:03.490
But then we didn't see as many nests
709
00:41:03.490 --> 00:41:04.790
as successfully hatching.
710
00:41:04.790 --> 00:41:07.230
So we look for hatch craters when the nests emerges,
711
00:41:07.230 --> 00:41:09.210
and these were the craters that we saw,
712
00:41:09.210 --> 00:41:11.993
so not as many and not as many of the regions.
713
00:41:12.930 --> 00:41:15.260
And a lot of the turtles were crawling up and getting stuck
714
00:41:15.260 --> 00:41:16.580
on the island, as I mentioned before,
715
00:41:16.580 --> 00:41:18.863
they didn't have that nice barrier anymore.
716
00:41:23.980 --> 00:41:25.840
Okay, so,
717
00:41:25.840 --> 00:41:29.030
for Tern Island specifically, catastrophic storms
718
00:41:29.030 --> 00:41:32.480
also expose many decades old dilapidated structures
719
00:41:32.480 --> 00:41:35.500
which create a potentially deadly obstacle course
720
00:41:35.500 --> 00:41:39.050
for nesting females as they crawl up onto the beach to nest.
721
00:41:39.050 --> 00:41:41.293
So we saw that a lot in 2019,
722
00:41:43.080 --> 00:41:46.220
and unfortunately we're seeing it again still.
723
00:41:46.220 --> 00:41:48.253
We'll talk about that in a moment.
724
00:41:49.240 --> 00:41:51.160
First, a little update about what happened
725
00:41:51.160 --> 00:41:52.400
since the report came out.
726
00:41:52.400 --> 00:41:56.383
So in 2020, we had,
727
00:41:58.404 --> 00:41:59.770
well, the bad news is we weren't able
728
00:41:59.770 --> 00:42:01.772
to go up to the island.
729
00:42:01.772 --> 00:42:04.070
So due to COVID.
730
00:42:04.070 --> 00:42:06.783
We were dry-docked last year, like many people.
731
00:42:08.140 --> 00:42:11.230
But the good news that came out of that
732
00:42:11.230 --> 00:42:13.803
is right before we went into our quarantine,
733
00:42:15.120 --> 00:42:18.310
we were able to find a gravid or egg bearing female
734
00:42:18.310 --> 00:42:21.450
on Oʻahu using an ultrasound on the north shore.
735
00:42:21.450 --> 00:42:23.330
And we attached the satellite transmitter
736
00:42:23.330 --> 00:42:27.360
and we're able to track their migration up to Lalo.
737
00:42:27.360 --> 00:42:30.630
And the idea there was to try and get a better sense
738
00:42:30.630 --> 00:42:33.570
of what the turtles are doing now that their nesting habitat
739
00:42:33.570 --> 00:42:35.020
has been so greatly affected.
740
00:42:35.020 --> 00:42:37.770
East island was pretty much gone,
741
00:42:37.770 --> 00:42:38.960
what were the turtles doing.
742
00:42:38.960 --> 00:42:43.960
And so we did that in 2020, we did that again in 2021,
743
00:42:44.130 --> 00:42:48.210
and we're very excited to talk
744
00:42:48.210 --> 00:42:50.760
about report on that, those data
745
00:42:50.760 --> 00:42:52.710
as we get more information this season.
746
00:42:55.650 --> 00:42:57.410
Let's see, so it is important to note,
747
00:42:57.410 --> 00:42:59.550
as I mentioned before, turtles don't migrate every year,
748
00:42:59.550 --> 00:43:01.650
they are migrant every three to four years.
749
00:43:01.650 --> 00:43:04.390
So while it's tempting to think that the turtles
750
00:43:04.390 --> 00:43:09.110
that were making the migration in 2019, 2020, even in 2021,
751
00:43:09.110 --> 00:43:12.130
to think that they would know that East Island
752
00:43:12.130 --> 00:43:15.483
was severely damaged or Trig Island.
753
00:43:16.820 --> 00:43:19.630
Because they don't make that migration regularly,
754
00:43:19.630 --> 00:43:23.430
we probably won't see the effects of turtles knowing that
755
00:43:23.430 --> 00:43:26.513
or remembering that until after about 2023.
756
00:43:29.090 --> 00:43:32.940
Okay, so more good news that came out of our pandemic year
757
00:43:32.940 --> 00:43:36.050
in 2020 is we did have a documentary crew that was able
758
00:43:36.050 --> 00:43:39.230
to go up to the monument and their resource monitor
759
00:43:40.250 --> 00:43:42.800
collected one data point for us.
760
00:43:42.800 --> 00:43:45.810
And I wanted to tell you it was a basking survey
761
00:43:45.810 --> 00:43:48.383
on Tern Island on July 3rd.
762
00:43:49.530 --> 00:43:52.990
And I was very surprised at the number he told me.
763
00:43:52.990 --> 00:43:55.730
So if I pull up the basket data from the previous
764
00:43:55.730 --> 00:43:58.840
three seasons 2017, '18, '19,
765
00:43:58.840 --> 00:44:02.020
you can see there's always a peak season
766
00:44:02.020 --> 00:44:05.343
kind of in May, June, and then it,
767
00:44:08.210 --> 00:44:11.510
peels off, gets lower as the turtles migrate back
768
00:44:11.510 --> 00:44:13.260
to the Main Hawaiian Islands.
769
00:44:13.260 --> 00:44:18.260
So this was the number that got reported back to us.
770
00:44:18.360 --> 00:44:22.633
It was 83 turtles.
771
00:44:24.190 --> 00:44:26.970
So it was 83 turtles in July at a time
772
00:44:26.970 --> 00:44:28.990
when most of the turtles really should have migrated
773
00:44:28.990 --> 00:44:30.320
back to the Mains.
774
00:44:30.320 --> 00:44:32.750
It was a very high number, we were very excited to see that.
775
00:44:32.750 --> 00:44:35.210
So that was some great news that came out of that season.
776
00:44:35.210 --> 00:44:37.220
And we don't know exactly if that means
777
00:44:37.220 --> 00:44:42.220
that it was a very high successful for a migrating year,
778
00:44:42.380 --> 00:44:46.602
or if it was caused by a displacement from the other islets.
779
00:44:46.602 --> 00:44:48.750
So where the Trig turtles not coming to Tern,
780
00:44:48.750 --> 00:44:50.600
with East turtles now coming to Tern.
781
00:44:53.040 --> 00:44:56.793
The ugly, so I said, we had the bad, the good and the ugly.
782
00:44:58.500 --> 00:45:01.520
While the team was there in October,
783
00:45:01.520 --> 00:45:03.710
in July and then another team in October,
784
00:45:03.710 --> 00:45:07.137
they saw a lot of turtles that gotten entrapped in,
785
00:45:07.137 --> 00:45:09.637
there was a lot of dilapidated structures on Tern Island.
786
00:45:10.530 --> 00:45:12.110
I think we had a total of nine turtles
787
00:45:12.110 --> 00:45:15.930
by the end of the year that had gotten entrapped.
788
00:45:15.930 --> 00:45:18.930
And so, and remember our team wasn't able to get out there.
789
00:45:18.930 --> 00:45:22.610
So without our team there to mitigate entrapments,
790
00:45:22.610 --> 00:45:25.690
it was a relief that there weren't more fatalities.
791
00:45:25.690 --> 00:45:27.680
During peak season, there can be so many turtles
792
00:45:27.680 --> 00:45:29.370
coming up at night.
793
00:45:29.370 --> 00:45:33.830
But those observations from 2020 really highlight the need
794
00:45:33.830 --> 00:45:37.050
for a more permanent solution to the issues on Tern Island.
795
00:45:37.050 --> 00:45:39.493
Unfortunately, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
796
00:45:39.493 --> 00:45:42.860
and the Papahānaumokuākea Marine debris project
797
00:45:42.860 --> 00:45:45.690
among others have teamed up and I've been working
798
00:45:45.690 --> 00:45:48.173
on removing the debris from the island.
799
00:45:49.010 --> 00:45:52.140
I think between their trip or just in their trip in October,
800
00:45:52.140 --> 00:45:56.350
they removed over 82,000 pounds of debris from Tern island
801
00:45:56.350 --> 00:45:58.980
and they opened up some of the gaps in the sea walls
802
00:45:58.980 --> 00:46:02.513
and created exit points for some of the animals.
803
00:46:04.150 --> 00:46:07.253
Looking back at the graph that I showed before but now,
804
00:46:11.100 --> 00:46:13.830
I wanna show you what's been happening now in 2021.
805
00:46:13.830 --> 00:46:18.713
So we have three field staff up French Frigate Shoals,
806
00:46:18.713 --> 00:46:21.010
and the two of them have been there since March.
807
00:46:21.010 --> 00:46:24.690
So it's the first season that we've had a team
808
00:46:24.690 --> 00:46:27.150
up there so early and able to capture truly
809
00:46:27.150 --> 00:46:28.863
the start of the nesting season.
810
00:46:29.760 --> 00:46:32.320
And they've been reporting obviously
811
00:46:32.320 --> 00:46:34.360
through now, so mid July.
812
00:46:34.360 --> 00:46:36.280
And so I wanted to pull up the number that they have,
813
00:46:36.280 --> 00:46:38.963
the average number that they had.
814
00:46:40.380 --> 00:46:43.284
the lines there represent 2017 through 2019.
815
00:46:43.284 --> 00:46:46.260
83 turtles in 2020.
816
00:46:46.260 --> 00:46:49.010
So I looked at the average from last week
817
00:46:49.010 --> 00:46:53.480
and they had 143 average baskers that week.
818
00:46:53.480 --> 00:46:56.080
So they have a lot of turtles this year.
819
00:46:56.080 --> 00:46:58.210
We're very excited with the data,
820
00:46:58.210 --> 00:46:59.157
they've been getting up there.
821
00:46:59.157 --> 00:47:01.363
It sounds like it's a huge year.
822
00:47:02.670 --> 00:47:04.340
So that's some exciting news.
823
00:47:05.870 --> 00:47:08.640
More highlights from their effort up there.
824
00:47:08.640 --> 00:47:11.010
They've already identified
825
00:47:12.380 --> 00:47:15.950
a total of 641 females.
826
00:47:15.950 --> 00:47:18.296
They had 280 males, they were able to get a lot more
827
00:47:18.296 --> 00:47:21.373
of the males that usually arrive earlier in the season.
828
00:47:22.580 --> 00:47:25.057
They have five juveniles, so like the,
829
00:47:26.330 --> 00:47:29.817
residents to Lalo, which we don't usually see as often.
830
00:47:29.817 --> 00:47:31.810
They've deployed 51 data loggers.
831
00:47:31.810 --> 00:47:35.940
So we're gonna get nest temperatures from those nests,
832
00:47:35.940 --> 00:47:37.500
from the data loggers.
833
00:47:37.500 --> 00:47:40.840
And then as they hatch, our team will be able to get
834
00:47:40.840 --> 00:47:44.570
genetic samples from those nests for other studies
835
00:47:44.570 --> 00:47:46.040
that we're working on.
836
00:47:46.040 --> 00:47:48.560
And I think this is so cool.
837
00:47:48.560 --> 00:47:52.100
One night on Tern island, they had a record 114 females
838
00:47:52.100 --> 00:47:53.340
coming up in nesting in one night.
839
00:47:53.340 --> 00:47:55.220
So that's a lot of turtles work with
840
00:47:55.220 --> 00:47:58.203
for just the team of two at the time.
841
00:48:00.390 --> 00:48:03.040
Unfortunately, they've also had a lot of entrapments.
842
00:48:04.690 --> 00:48:08.600
It was about one entrapment on average a week so far
843
00:48:08.600 --> 00:48:10.850
and four deaths already.
844
00:48:10.850 --> 00:48:14.280
And that's despite the team being there on the ground,
845
00:48:14.280 --> 00:48:17.070
they're not able to keep up with all the animals this year.
846
00:48:17.070 --> 00:48:18.887
And so
847
00:48:18.887 --> 00:48:23.600
the mitigation that the team, the Marine debris team did
848
00:48:23.600 --> 00:48:27.720
in October already helped save so many animals
849
00:48:27.720 --> 00:48:29.290
and it would have been so much worse.
850
00:48:29.290 --> 00:48:31.210
But still after the mitigation,
851
00:48:31.210 --> 00:48:33.833
we still have these fatalities and entrapments.
852
00:48:36.870 --> 00:48:40.860
And very exciting, just a few weeks ago as well,
853
00:48:40.860 --> 00:48:44.060
East Island, there it is.
854
00:48:44.060 --> 00:48:46.312
Thank you, Randy Kosaki for this beautiful photo.
855
00:48:46.312 --> 00:48:48.023
We were just there with,
856
00:48:50.410 --> 00:48:53.680
with the sailing canoe, with the Hōkūle'a
857
00:48:53.680 --> 00:48:55.657
and they got to do a little drive by of East Island
858
00:48:55.657 --> 00:48:57.870
and let us know what they saw.
859
00:48:57.870 --> 00:49:02.870
So on June 22nd, they counted 41 honu which is pretty cool.
860
00:49:02.910 --> 00:49:05.980
And I just showed numbers from previous seasons,
861
00:49:05.980 --> 00:49:08.040
what that kind of compares to
862
00:49:08.040 --> 00:49:10.830
and what that would look like for the season totals.
863
00:49:10.830 --> 00:49:13.418
So for example, in 2017,
864
00:49:13.418 --> 00:49:16.160
47 turtles, so similar to the 41 that he just saw.
865
00:49:16.160 --> 00:49:20.190
And that ended up being a total of 407 nesters
866
00:49:20.190 --> 00:49:22.570
when we were able to do full-time nesting surveys
867
00:49:22.570 --> 00:49:24.120
there on island.
868
00:49:24.120 --> 00:49:25.620
And so this is the kind of information
869
00:49:25.620 --> 00:49:28.170
that we're now taking in and we're trying to tease apart
870
00:49:28.170 --> 00:49:33.170
since we don't have our reliable kind of this index island
871
00:49:33.850 --> 00:49:37.030
that we had surveyed since 1973, East Island.
872
00:49:37.030 --> 00:49:39.660
We now have to move and shift our research focus
873
00:49:39.660 --> 00:49:42.457
to Tern Island, but we're hoping with these more
874
00:49:44.720 --> 00:49:47.550
inclusive atoll numbers, getting information
875
00:49:47.550 --> 00:49:50.470
from the different islets that we can try to piece together
876
00:49:50.470 --> 00:49:54.050
and model what the population is doing over time,
877
00:49:54.050 --> 00:49:56.180
even though we're not getting exact numbers
878
00:49:56.180 --> 00:49:58.113
from individual islets anymore.
879
00:49:59.690 --> 00:50:02.630
Let's see, so before I wrap up,
880
00:50:02.630 --> 00:50:07.473
I just wanted to give a plug for our honu count.
881
00:50:08.610 --> 00:50:11.650
So it's a project that we have in order to identify
882
00:50:11.650 --> 00:50:13.800
the turtles up in the monument.
883
00:50:13.800 --> 00:50:18.800
Our teams use a non-toxic paint to write numbers
884
00:50:18.810 --> 00:50:22.363
with little island codes on the shell of the turtles.
885
00:50:23.510 --> 00:50:25.710
And that way they can see the turtles from afar
886
00:50:25.710 --> 00:50:28.110
and do a census without having to walk right up
887
00:50:28.110 --> 00:50:29.790
to the turtle and disturb it
888
00:50:29.790 --> 00:50:32.083
every time they wanna count who's there.
889
00:50:33.010 --> 00:50:36.153
And so we call it hashtag honu count.
890
00:50:37.180 --> 00:50:38.760
Because these turtles, when they migrate back
891
00:50:38.760 --> 00:50:40.859
to the Main Hawaiian Islands, people will often see them
892
00:50:40.859 --> 00:50:43.520
while they're snorkeling or diving, or if they're basking
893
00:50:43.520 --> 00:50:45.790
on the beach or if they get stranded,
894
00:50:45.790 --> 00:50:50.740
and it's another way for us to keep track of our turtles.
895
00:50:50.740 --> 00:50:52.140
Where are they migrating,
896
00:50:52.140 --> 00:50:54.053
what's their health,
897
00:50:55.807 --> 00:51:00.807
and these sightings are all citizen or community-based.
898
00:51:01.030 --> 00:51:03.390
And so it allows us to have more of an effort
899
00:51:03.390 --> 00:51:05.850
without having to be everywhere at once.
900
00:51:05.850 --> 00:51:08.360
And it's really great and we've already had some turtles
901
00:51:08.360 --> 00:51:09.920
migrate down and been spotted.
902
00:51:09.920 --> 00:51:11.890
So we hope everyone keeps an eye out
903
00:51:11.890 --> 00:51:14.433
and helps us look for our turtles.
904
00:51:15.640 --> 00:51:19.570
Okay, with that, I just wanna say thank you very much
905
00:51:19.570 --> 00:51:20.670
for having me tonight,
906
00:51:22.500 --> 00:51:27.143
and I'm super happy to take any questions if anyone has any.
907
00:51:28.620 --> 00:51:31.220
All right, thank you so much, Mary Lou.
908
00:51:31.220 --> 00:51:35.350
We have about I believe five minutes for questions,
909
00:51:35.350 --> 00:51:38.200
and there are a lot of questions that have been rolling in.
910
00:51:38.200 --> 00:51:41.250
I'll say now that we're going to keep all of your questions
911
00:51:41.250 --> 00:51:43.810
and email them to MaryLou and she will respond.
912
00:51:43.810 --> 00:51:45.820
We'll email them back out along with a link
913
00:51:45.820 --> 00:51:47.880
to the recording of this webinar.
914
00:51:47.880 --> 00:51:49.780
So don't worry if you don't get to it.
915
00:51:50.880 --> 00:51:53.910
Let's see, some of the first questions that came in are,
916
00:51:53.910 --> 00:51:57.193
honu are much larger than Caribbean greens, are they?
917
00:51:59.890 --> 00:52:02.080
Oh, that's a good question.
918
00:52:02.080 --> 00:52:02.963
I actually don't know the answer to that,
919
00:52:02.963 --> 00:52:04.280
and I would love that.
920
00:52:04.280 --> 00:52:06.730
I didn't know they were smaller in the Caribbean.
921
00:52:08.200 --> 00:52:09.138
That's great, I love to be stumped.
922
00:52:09.138 --> 00:52:11.488
I'm going to learn something new as well today.
923
00:52:12.830 --> 00:52:15.633
Sorry, I can't answer it but I need to do some research.
924
00:52:17.440 --> 00:52:19.310
Are the honu that are satellite-tagged,
925
00:52:19.310 --> 00:52:21.330
do they show up on the shark tracker app,
926
00:52:21.330 --> 00:52:23.512
the predator tracker app
927
00:52:23.512 --> 00:52:26.860
so you can see their pathways as well, the fisheries.
928
00:52:26.860 --> 00:52:29.163
Oh, I'm not familiar with that app,
929
00:52:30.440 --> 00:52:32.193
so I wanna say maybe not.
930
00:52:33.201 --> 00:52:36.160
They are a protected species, so usually green turtles
931
00:52:36.160 --> 00:52:39.290
and Hawaiian monk seals, we don't publicize
932
00:52:39.290 --> 00:52:41.829
their track data until much later.
933
00:52:41.829 --> 00:52:44.329
So I'm not sure if that's how the shark app works.
934
00:52:47.230 --> 00:52:49.350
Yeah, that's an interesting one.
935
00:52:49.350 --> 00:52:51.450
What is the name of the app again?
936
00:52:51.450 --> 00:52:53.803
I believe they're talking about the Pack iOS.
937
00:52:55.690 --> 00:52:59.520
Or the tagging of ocean pacific pelagics
938
00:52:59.520 --> 00:53:01.883
out of UC Santa Barbara.
939
00:53:04.680 --> 00:53:06.210
All right, I'll keep going.
940
00:53:06.210 --> 00:53:08.840
With the shorter incubation period for later eggs laid,
941
00:53:08.840 --> 00:53:11.320
are there any physical differences in the hatchlings
942
00:53:11.320 --> 00:53:14.003
like size, weight or physical features?
943
00:53:15.820 --> 00:53:18.310
We have not seen a difference
944
00:53:19.513 --> 00:53:21.350
and we are measuring them,
945
00:53:21.350 --> 00:53:23.700
so that's a new effort that we've just started.
946
00:53:25.840 --> 00:53:29.630
Starting in 2019, we started a new hatchlings study
947
00:53:29.630 --> 00:53:31.330
where we're measuring and weighing them,
948
00:53:31.330 --> 00:53:33.690
collecting skin samples for genetics
949
00:53:33.690 --> 00:53:38.210
in an effort to look at multiple paternity of our turtles
950
00:53:38.210 --> 00:53:40.493
and also the collecting blood.
951
00:53:40.493 --> 00:53:45.493
And that's our new project where we're going to try
952
00:53:45.700 --> 00:53:48.220
and determine the primary sex ratio of turtles
953
00:53:48.220 --> 00:53:49.393
as they hatch.
954
00:53:50.570 --> 00:53:52.460
Not just knowing how many adults we're seeing
955
00:53:52.460 --> 00:53:55.560
in the population, because it could take 25 to 30 years
956
00:53:55.560 --> 00:53:58.940
for a hatchling to reach adulthood
957
00:53:58.940 --> 00:54:02.070
and contribute back into the populations.
958
00:54:02.070 --> 00:54:04.890
We wanna know right now, are we only getting males?
959
00:54:04.890 --> 00:54:06.270
Are we only getting females?
960
00:54:06.270 --> 00:54:08.770
What are our sex ratios, are they skewed?
961
00:54:08.770 --> 00:54:11.350
And so that's our newest project that we're working on.
962
00:54:11.350 --> 00:54:16.210
And so with that comes the new data that we have
963
00:54:16.210 --> 00:54:20.460
with sizes and our measurements and weights.
964
00:54:20.460 --> 00:54:23.010
And so that is something that we'll be able to tease out
965
00:54:23.010 --> 00:54:24.750
as we collect more of these data,
966
00:54:24.750 --> 00:54:27.103
that's a good question.
Great.
967
00:54:27.950 --> 00:54:29.500
Andy, how are we doing on time?
968
00:54:31.360 --> 00:54:33.177
Yeah, we can take two more.
969
00:54:33.177 --> 00:54:37.090
All right, is there a growth or decrease in aggregated data
970
00:54:37.090 --> 00:54:40.593
that shows turtles exhibiting fibropapillomatosis?
971
00:54:43.240 --> 00:54:45.390
Is there, can you say that one more time?
972
00:54:46.304 --> 00:54:49.790
Are you seeing a growth or decrease in the aggregated data
973
00:54:49.790 --> 00:54:54.180
that shows turtles exhibiting fibropapillomatosis?
974
00:54:54.180 --> 00:54:55.480
I didn't say that so well.
975
00:54:57.460 --> 00:55:02.460
So we don't see as much FP in the monument
976
00:55:03.940 --> 00:55:07.540
fortunately, so on our nesting turtles, on our adults.
977
00:55:07.540 --> 00:55:09.920
it used to be our number one cause of stranding
978
00:55:09.920 --> 00:55:11.790
in the Main Hawaiian Islands
979
00:55:11.790 --> 00:55:16.790
and we do have a lot of stranded turtles still with FP.
980
00:55:17.100 --> 00:55:19.600
And my colleague, Chandelle Brunson would be able
981
00:55:19.600 --> 00:55:23.803
to better answer the specifics of what those data look like.
982
00:55:24.640 --> 00:55:29.200
But I know that cause of stranding at least has changed.
983
00:55:29.200 --> 00:55:31.990
So it is now entanglement with fishing line
984
00:55:31.990 --> 00:55:36.990
and with fishing nets, interactions with fishing equipment.
985
00:55:37.610 --> 00:55:40.360
So it used to be that our turtles were primarily standing
986
00:55:40.360 --> 00:55:44.050
due to FP or with FP at least,
987
00:55:44.050 --> 00:55:47.170
and now we're seeing more turtles with fishing line.
988
00:55:47.170 --> 00:55:51.140
So whether the number of turtles with FP,
989
00:55:51.140 --> 00:55:54.650
and I believe it has declined, the rate of FP
990
00:55:54.650 --> 00:55:56.330
within the Main Hawaiian Islands
991
00:55:56.330 --> 00:55:58.780
or that there's more fishing fishery interactions,
992
00:55:58.780 --> 00:56:01.030
near shore fishery interactions in the Mains.
993
00:56:02.528 --> 00:56:04.890
Do you mind briefly saying what FP
994
00:56:04.890 --> 00:56:06.127
is for those who aren't familiar with it?
995
00:56:06.127 --> 00:56:09.130
Oh, I'm sorry, so fibropapillomatosis.
996
00:56:09.130 --> 00:56:12.150
It is a virus that causes tumors on the turtles.
997
00:56:12.150 --> 00:56:14.460
Unfortunately it usually presents
998
00:56:14.460 --> 00:56:18.160
first in the eyes or mouth area.
999
00:56:18.160 --> 00:56:21.750
And so it can be really debilitating as the tumors grow.
1000
00:56:21.750 --> 00:56:25.080
It's our herpes virus and the exact cause
1001
00:56:26.010 --> 00:56:27.480
isn't exactly known but
1002
00:56:28.870 --> 00:56:32.040
there are studies looking at if it's associated
1003
00:56:32.040 --> 00:56:36.850
with areas of more runoff,
1004
00:56:36.850 --> 00:56:40.610
more higher population areas and less water quality,
1005
00:56:40.610 --> 00:56:42.113
lower water quality.
1006
00:56:45.360 --> 00:56:47.640
Okay, Andy, I'm gonna hand it back to you,
1007
00:56:47.640 --> 00:56:49.800
Unless you think I have more time.
1008
00:56:49.800 --> 00:56:51.920
Yeah, no, I think that's good.
1009
00:56:51.920 --> 00:56:55.120
Well, thank you so much, Mary Lou,
1010
00:56:55.120 --> 00:56:57.960
and thank you for being flexible.
1011
00:56:57.960 --> 00:57:01.360
I know you're jet lagged after 24 hours of flight time
1012
00:57:02.610 --> 00:57:05.840
but we really appreciate you being flexible
1013
00:57:05.840 --> 00:57:09.860
and joining us for that wonderful talk, thank you.
1014
00:57:09.860 --> 00:57:11.970
Of course, no problem, and I'm super happy.
1015
00:57:11.970 --> 00:57:13.880
Thank you so much for everyone for coming today
1016
00:57:13.880 --> 00:57:16.530
and I'm super happy to take more questions via email,
1017
00:57:16.530 --> 00:57:17.363
like you said.
1018
00:57:18.780 --> 00:57:22.070
Yeah, great, I'll get those over to you shortly.
1019
00:57:22.070 --> 00:57:25.986
And I have a few,
1020
00:57:25.986 --> 00:57:29.053
I have a few slides to share here at the end.
1021
00:57:30.810 --> 00:57:33.473
Just give me a second to share my screen here.
1022
00:57:38.330 --> 00:57:41.120
Okay, should be showing.
1023
00:57:41.120 --> 00:57:44.670
So this presentation will be archived
1024
00:57:44.670 --> 00:57:48.770
on our office of National Marine Sanctuaries website,
1025
00:57:48.770 --> 00:57:51.640
along with all the other presentations we've done recently.
1026
00:57:51.640 --> 00:57:54.400
We have quite a volume of presentations up there now,
1027
00:57:54.400 --> 00:57:58.150
you can almost take a course in Papahānaumokuākea
1028
00:57:58.150 --> 00:57:59.940
by watching all those.
1029
00:57:59.940 --> 00:58:02.550
So you can go there and view them,
1030
00:58:02.550 --> 00:58:04.260
download the presentation.
1031
00:58:04.260 --> 00:58:05.970
And this one will be posted there
1032
00:58:05.970 --> 00:58:07.960
after we do the captioning for it,
1033
00:58:07.960 --> 00:58:10.030
so it takes about a week and a half.
1034
00:58:10.030 --> 00:58:12.750
So look for it there if you wanna watch it again
1035
00:58:12.750 --> 00:58:15.150
or share it with friends or family.
1036
00:58:15.150 --> 00:58:17.410
You will also get a certificate of attendance
1037
00:58:17.410 --> 00:58:20.310
for this for one hour of professional development
1038
00:58:20.310 --> 00:58:23.653
and we will send that out the email to you by tomorrow.
1039
00:58:24.700 --> 00:58:27.030
And we have another wonderful presentation
1040
00:58:27.030 --> 00:58:28.810
coming up in August.
1041
00:58:28.810 --> 00:58:31.730
This one is presented by Dr. Dan Polhemus
1042
00:58:31.730 --> 00:58:35.430
from Fish and Wildlife Service who has taken it upon himself
1043
00:58:35.430 --> 00:58:38.240
to be an expert in climate change and monitoring
1044
00:58:38.240 --> 00:58:42.350
all the conditions and changing conditions in the Pacific.
1045
00:58:42.350 --> 00:58:45.080
And so he will give a talk about understanding
1046
00:58:45.080 --> 00:58:49.820
some of the impacts of climate change to Papahānaumokuākea.
1047
00:58:49.820 --> 00:58:52.080
And you should receive an email invite
1048
00:58:52.080 --> 00:58:56.820
or email promotion for that in the next week or so,
1049
00:58:56.820 --> 00:58:59.320
and then you can register for that talk,
1050
00:58:59.320 --> 00:59:00.900
so that's on August 19th.
1051
00:59:02.120 --> 00:59:04.760
We also have a Get Into Your Sanctuaries Day.
1052
00:59:04.760 --> 00:59:08.100
Every year we do a program called Get Into Your Sanctuary.
1053
00:59:08.100 --> 00:59:12.460
This year it'll be virtual again in August, on August 4th.
1054
00:59:12.460 --> 00:59:14.150
We're gonna have a great talk
1055
00:59:14.150 --> 00:59:17.070
or a book reading by Caren Loebel-Fried
1056
00:59:17.070 --> 00:59:19.020
who's a wonderful local author
1057
00:59:19.020 --> 00:59:21.307
and wrote a, and artist, and wrote a called
1058
00:59:21.307 --> 00:59:22.940
"A Perfect Day for an Albatross"
1059
00:59:22.940 --> 00:59:24.840
from her time up on Midway.
1060
00:59:24.840 --> 00:59:26.410
And so she's gonna be reading her book
1061
00:59:26.410 --> 00:59:29.930
and then we're also going to be sharing some stories,
1062
00:59:29.930 --> 00:59:33.230
information about seabirds from the west coast
1063
00:59:33.230 --> 00:59:36.480
national Marine sanctuaries and Papahānaumokuākea
1064
00:59:36.480 --> 00:59:39.610
and also talking about some of our education resources
1065
00:59:39.610 --> 00:59:41.300
that we have available.
1066
00:59:41.300 --> 00:59:43.030
And I didn't do a slide for this
1067
00:59:43.030 --> 00:59:45.400
but right after this presentation,
1068
00:59:45.400 --> 00:59:47.830
through our National Marine Sanctuary Foundation,
1069
00:59:47.830 --> 00:59:50.810
there's another webinar, a blue beacon event
1070
00:59:50.810 --> 00:59:55.490
about expanding large scale Marine protected areas.
1071
00:59:55.490 --> 00:59:57.010
And so that's gonna be a wonderful talk.
1072
00:59:57.010 --> 00:59:58.200
If you just Googled
1073
00:59:58.200 --> 01:00:01.090
the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation,
1074
01:00:01.090 --> 01:00:03.990
you can find their site and you can join it,
1075
01:00:03.990 --> 01:00:05.790
it's a Facebook live event.
1076
01:00:05.790 --> 01:00:09.360
So if you wanna indulge in another hour-long webinar
1077
01:00:10.230 --> 01:00:12.970
right after this, you can join that.
1078
01:00:12.970 --> 01:00:16.350
And last but not least, please fill out the survey
1079
01:00:16.350 --> 01:00:17.270
that we have at the end.
1080
01:00:17.270 --> 01:00:19.440
This is how we know how we're doing,
1081
01:00:19.440 --> 01:00:21.970
and if you'd like to see any other particular
1082
01:00:21.970 --> 01:00:24.450
kind of events, we'd love to hear from you.
1083
01:00:24.450 --> 01:00:28.100
So again, thank you so much for joining us
1084
01:00:28.100 --> 01:00:30.930
and hope you have a wonderful rest of your day.
1085
01:00:30.930 --> 01:00:35.043
And thank you again, MaryLou for joining us.
1086
01:00:37.303 --> 01:00:39.933
(speaks in Hawaiian) Aloha, thank you so much.
1087
01:00:41.428 --> 01:00:42.261
Thank you.