WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.340 --> 00:00:01.820 [Mark Losavio] All right. 00:00:01.820 --> 00:00:04.960 Hello everyone and good afternoon. 00:00:04.960 --> 00:00:11.450 Welcome to the Submerged NC webinar series, USS Monitor - America's Most Historic Ironclad. 00:00:11.450 --> 00:00:15.610 My name is Mark Losavio, and I am the media outreach coordinator for the Monitor National 00:00:15.610 --> 00:00:18.570 Marine Sanctuary, and I will be your host today. 00:00:18.570 --> 00:00:24.080 And joining me is Tane Casserley, the research protection and permit coordinator for the 00:00:24.080 --> 00:00:26.730 Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. 00:00:26.730 --> 00:00:31.439 This webinar is brought to you by NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary in collaboration 00:00:31.439 --> 00:00:35.950 with the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology. 00:00:35.950 --> 00:00:41.140 Partnering since 1975, NOAA and the state of North Carolina work to research, honor, 00:00:41.140 --> 00:00:46.760 and protect the hallmarks of North Carolina's underwater cultural heritage - shipwrecks. 00:00:46.760 --> 00:00:50.690 These shipwrecks hold information about the ever-changing technologies in cultural and 00:00:50.690 --> 00:00:52.290 physical landscapes. 00:00:52.290 --> 00:00:57.370 They serve as a uniquely accessible underwater museum and a memorial to generations of mariners 00:00:57.370 --> 00:01:01.610 who lived, died, worked, and fought off our shores. 00:01:01.610 --> 00:01:06.049 This is one of the many webinars that we will be hosting in the coming months for the Submerged 00:01:06.049 --> 00:01:12.929 NC webinar series, in collaboration with the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology. 00:01:12.929 --> 00:01:17.179 Monitor is just one of 14 national marine sanctuaries and two marine national monuments 00:01:17.179 --> 00:01:19.729 in the National Marine Sanctuary System. 00:01:19.729 --> 00:01:24.340 This system encompasses more than 600,000 square miles of marine and Great Lakes waters, 00:01:24.340 --> 00:01:29.479 from Washington State to the Florida Keys and from Lake Huron to American Samoa. 00:01:29.479 --> 00:01:33.179 During this presentation, all attendees will be in listen only mode. 00:01:33.179 --> 00:01:37.049 You are welcome to type questions for the presenters into the question box at the bottom 00:01:37.049 --> 00:01:40.689 of the control panel on the right-hand side of your screen. 00:01:40.689 --> 00:01:44.889 This is the same area you can let us know about any technical issues you may be having 00:01:44.889 --> 00:01:46.139 that we can help with. 00:01:46.139 --> 00:01:50.039 We'll be monitoring incoming questions and any technical issues, and we'll respond to 00:01:50.039 --> 00:01:52.669 them as soon as we can. 00:01:52.669 --> 00:01:56.569 We are recording this session, and we will share the recording with registered participants 00:01:56.569 --> 00:01:58.509 via the webinar archive page. 00:01:58.509 --> 00:02:03.869 A URL for this webpage will be provided at the end of the presentation. 00:02:03.869 --> 00:02:08.319 And today, we welcome our presenter Shannon Ricles, the education and outreach coordinator 00:02:08.319 --> 00:02:11.680 for the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. 00:02:11.680 --> 00:02:16.810 So yeah, let's sit back and relax as Shannon takes us all the way back to 1862 to learn 00:02:16.810 --> 00:02:23.079 more about the USS Monitor and its journey through history to the present day. 00:02:23.079 --> 00:02:30.239 [Shannon Ricles] All right. 00:02:30.239 --> 00:02:35.450 Hopefully, everybody can see my screen. 00:02:35.450 --> 00:02:37.090 Hi everyone. 00:02:37.090 --> 00:02:38.329 Thank you for joining us today. 00:02:38.329 --> 00:02:41.830 I really appreciate you being here with us. 00:02:41.830 --> 00:02:48.159 Let me, I have a problem here hold on. 00:02:48.159 --> 00:02:55.360 Okay, always a technical issue. 00:02:55.360 --> 00:03:02.460 Okay, today we're going to walk through the history of the USS Monitor, America's most 00:03:02.460 --> 00:03:05.370 historic ironclad from its conception to present day. 00:03:05.370 --> 00:03:07.900 And we're going to all do it in about 40 minutes. 00:03:07.900 --> 00:03:12.049 I'll also tell you about some of the great free resources we have that you can either 00:03:12.049 --> 00:03:18.939 use to learn more about the Monitor and Archaeology or use them in your classroom with your students. 00:03:18.939 --> 00:03:26.900 So as Mark said, Monitor is a national marine sanctuary, and I just want to point out that 00:03:26.900 --> 00:03:30.560 we are the best sanctuary in the system, because we were the first. 00:03:30.560 --> 00:03:32.450 So how did it all begin? 00:03:32.450 --> 00:03:34.709 It began in February of 1861. 00:03:34.709 --> 00:03:39.450 Delegates from every county in Virginia gathered in Richmond to vote on whether or not to succeed 00:03:39.450 --> 00:03:41.120 from the United States. 00:03:41.120 --> 00:03:45.019 Most delegates and most Virginia voters wanted to remain in the Union. 00:03:45.019 --> 00:03:48.010 But two months later, Virginia seceded. 00:03:48.010 --> 00:03:53.269 And with their succession, the U.S. Navy was forced to abandon the Gosport Navy Yard. 00:03:53.269 --> 00:03:57.519 Now the navy yard was located in Portsmouth, Virginia, and as you can see on this map, 00:03:57.519 --> 00:04:02.379 its location offers strategic access to three very important bodies of water - the Hampton 00:04:02.379 --> 00:04:08.209 Roads Waters, the James River, and the Chesapeake Bay, which leads into the Atlantic Ocean. 00:04:08.209 --> 00:04:12.829 So the Navy didn't want the Confederates to gain any advantage from capturing the shipyard. 00:04:12.829 --> 00:04:17.530 Therefore, as they were retreating, they set everything on fire, including the steam frigate 00:04:17.530 --> 00:04:19.519 the USS Merrimack. 00:04:19.519 --> 00:04:23.680 The Merrimack burned to the waterline, and when the Confederates came, they actually 00:04:23.680 --> 00:04:30.610 raised the hull, and they began to build the CSS Virginia, the Confederates' first ironclad. 00:04:30.610 --> 00:04:34.360 Now the Union knew that the ship was being built, and they also knew the urgency of building 00:04:34.360 --> 00:04:35.509 their own ironclad. 00:04:35.509 --> 00:04:41.720 So an Ironclad Board was formed, and in August of 1861, a call for proposals was put out. 00:04:41.720 --> 00:04:45.650 The contract was awarded to a Swedish American John Ericsson. 00:04:45.650 --> 00:04:50.300 Ericsson was a great inventor and innovator and had built ships for the Navy previously. 00:04:50.300 --> 00:04:53.900 However, there had been some dissension between him and the Navy, and he thought he would 00:04:53.900 --> 00:04:55.940 never build another ship for them again. 00:04:55.940 --> 00:05:00.569 However, through some very serendipitous moments, that was not to be the case. 00:05:00.569 --> 00:05:04.470 This is a great story, and I invite you to read more about it in our legacy website, 00:05:04.470 --> 00:05:07.020 which is in the handout that I put in the chat. 00:05:07.020 --> 00:05:09.560 It's really a very interesting story. 00:05:09.560 --> 00:05:14.729 Now Ericsson had the idea for an ironclad in 1854, well before the Civil War. 00:05:14.729 --> 00:05:19.030 So once he was assured he was getting the contract, construction began. 00:05:19.030 --> 00:05:24.580 He built it at a cost of about $280,000, and it was the first turreted ironclad built by 00:05:24.580 --> 00:05:25.730 the U.S. Navy. 00:05:25.730 --> 00:05:30.099 The keel was laid on October 25th of 1861. 00:05:30.099 --> 00:05:33.729 Now most people did not think that John Ericsson's ship would even float. 00:05:33.729 --> 00:05:40.419 But just 98 days later, the USS Monitor successfully launched from Green Point, Brooklyn, New York. 00:05:40.419 --> 00:05:44.580 98 days in itself was a huge feat, but Ericsson was disappointed. 00:05:44.580 --> 00:05:48.520 Being a highly intelligent engineer, he had calculated that the ship would float exactly 00:05:48.520 --> 00:05:50.419 18 inches above the water. 00:05:50.419 --> 00:05:55.050 And when it launched, it floated at about 21 inches, but then he realized that the ship 00:05:55.050 --> 00:05:57.020 was not finished and the crew was not on board. 00:05:57.020 --> 00:06:01.740 So once it was completed, it floated exactly where he thought it would. 00:06:01.740 --> 00:06:05.699 Now since the ship wasn't completely outfitted when it launched, it stayed in New York waters 00:06:05.699 --> 00:06:09.539 to finish its build and to conduct sea trials. 00:06:09.539 --> 00:06:13.210 Then finally, the ship was ready and Monitor received orders to head south. 00:06:13.210 --> 00:06:15.139 And on March 6, it left New York. 00:06:15.139 --> 00:06:17.250 However, it was not an easy sail. 00:06:17.250 --> 00:06:22.010 The Monitor's Executive Officer, Samuel Daniel Greene, wrote that on the following day a 00:06:22.010 --> 00:06:26.800 moderate breeze was encountered and it was at once evident that the Monitor was unfit 00:06:26.800 --> 00:06:30.260 as a sea going craft. 00:06:30.260 --> 00:06:32.841 Now the CSS Virginia and the USS Monitor were both ironclads, 00:06:32.841 --> 00:06:39.080 but very different. The Monitor was flat, and as I said floated only 18 inches above the water. 00:06:39.080 --> 00:06:43.849 Its turret only contained two guns and during battle the only other object on deck was the 00:06:43.849 --> 00:06:47.129 pilothouse where the captain watched and directed the battle. 00:06:47.129 --> 00:06:50.480 However, the CSS Virginia was larger and had 12 guns. 00:06:50.480 --> 00:06:54.880 But in order to fire those guns, the ship had to turn towards its target, which made 00:06:54.880 --> 00:06:57.099 it a bit more cumbersome. 00:06:57.099 --> 00:07:03.720 Now the CSS Virginia was slow and unwieldy, but it had one of the most destructive maiden 00:07:03.720 --> 00:07:05.409 voyages in history. 00:07:05.409 --> 00:07:11.500 In less than eight hours on March 8 1862, the Virginia attacked the entire Union fleet 00:07:11.500 --> 00:07:18.009 in Hampton Roads, sinking four vessels, capturing a transport, and damaging four other warships. 00:07:18.009 --> 00:07:25.060 The destruction left behind totaled 241 Union sailors killed and more than 100 wounded. 00:07:25.060 --> 00:07:29.129 It was the worst U.S. Navy defeat until Pearl Harbor. 00:07:29.129 --> 00:07:33.879 In contrast, the crew of the Virginia suffered only two casualties and a dozen wounded. 00:07:33.879 --> 00:07:38.650 The Union vessels fought bravely, however, their guns just were unable to penetrate the 00:07:38.650 --> 00:07:41.000 Virginia's armored casemate. 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:42.509 Virginia seemed unstoppable. 00:07:42.509 --> 00:07:46.620 And that evening, the USS Monitor arrived in Hampton Roads to a scene of nothing but 00:07:46.620 --> 00:07:50.080 carnage and despair for the Union Navy. 00:07:50.080 --> 00:07:54.689 Now Monitor took up a protected position next to the grounded USS Minnesota. 00:07:54.689 --> 00:07:59.060 The arrival of the USS Monitor did buoy the Union hopes for a battle that was certain 00:07:59.060 --> 00:08:01.009 to resume the next day. 00:08:01.009 --> 00:08:06.889 The CSS Virginia had became the world's most powerful weapon on March the 8th, but only 00:08:06.889 --> 00:08:09.639 for one day. 00:08:09.639 --> 00:08:17.060 The next morning, on March 9th, at 7 30 a.m, the CSS Virginia steamed out for another day of battle. 00:08:17.060 --> 00:08:18.060 00:08:18.060 --> 00:08:22.139 The USS Monitor got underway and steamed out to meet the Virginia. 00:08:22.139 --> 00:08:26.099 Captain Worden was in command of the Monitor, and he steamed as far away as possible from 00:08:26.099 --> 00:08:30.360 the Minnesota, before engaging in the first battle, where iron meets iron. 00:08:30.360 --> 00:08:31.780 Now the battle raged for hours. 00:08:31.780 --> 00:08:37.740 Cheering crowds of spectators and soldiers lined the shores and the walls of Fort Monroe. 00:08:37.740 --> 00:08:40.220 But it seemed that neither ship could gain an advantage. 00:08:40.220 --> 00:08:43.700 The cannon balls just seemed to bounce off. 00:08:43.700 --> 00:08:47.880 I always think about what it must have been like for the men on the Monitor, especially 00:08:47.880 --> 00:08:49.120 those in the turret. 00:08:49.120 --> 00:08:53.500 The noise of the guns firing and the ship constantly being hit must have just been tremendous. 00:08:53.500 --> 00:08:56.750 And the captain, sitting in the pilothouse, would shout orders. 00:08:56.750 --> 00:09:00.010 But by the time they reached the turret, they weren't always accurate. 00:09:00.010 --> 00:09:03.650 And being enclosed in the turret with the gun ports as the only openings, the men could 00:09:03.650 --> 00:09:05.940 not even see where they were firing the guns. 00:09:05.940 --> 00:09:09.750 At times it had to be utter chaos. 00:09:09.750 --> 00:09:14.120 Then a shot from the Virginia hit the Monitor's pilothouse, and Captain Worden was injured. 00:09:14.120 --> 00:09:17.960 To assess the situation, the Monitor turned into shallow water, where they knew the Virginia 00:09:17.960 --> 00:09:20.130 could not go with its deeper draft. 00:09:20.130 --> 00:09:24.080 Now as the Monitor disengaged, the Virginia thought it had won the battle. 00:09:24.080 --> 00:09:26.670 Lieutenant Samuel Greene took command of the Monitor. 00:09:26.670 --> 00:09:30.850 And as the ship went to return to battle, it saw the Virginia leaving, and it thought 00:09:30.850 --> 00:09:32.200 it had won the battle. 00:09:32.200 --> 00:09:37.020 So both sides thought they won and depending upon which newspaper you read, which newspaper you read, 00:09:37.020 --> 00:09:40.410 00:09:40.410 --> 00:09:42.350 both the North and the South claimed victory. 00:09:42.350 --> 00:09:46.970 Now although the battle was a draw, what did win that day was iron, and naval technology 00:09:46.970 --> 00:09:49.600 was changed forever. 00:09:49.600 --> 00:09:54.230 Now for two months following the battle, the Monitor was kept at Hampton Roads to keep 00:09:54.230 --> 00:09:56.380 the Confederate ironclad in check. 00:09:56.380 --> 00:10:01.161 It would anchor along the James River and at Fort Monroe, but the Monitor and the Virginia 00:10:01.161 --> 00:10:02.970 never battled again. 00:10:02.970 --> 00:10:06.400 However, it did participate in two other smaller battles. 00:10:06.400 --> 00:10:10.770 On May 8th, Monitor, accompanied by other ships, shelled enemy batteries at Sewell's 00:10:10.770 --> 00:10:15.781 Point in an effort to draw the Virginia out where it could be assaulted, but the Virginia 00:10:15.781 --> 00:10:17.570 didn't take the bait. 00:10:17.570 --> 00:10:22.730 And then on May the 11th, with advancing Union troops, the Virginia was set on fire off a 00:10:22.730 --> 00:10:26.030 Craney Island, so it would not fall into Union hands. 00:10:26.030 --> 00:10:30.460 What remained of the ship settled to the bottom of the harbor. 00:10:30.460 --> 00:10:36.700 On May 15, the Monitor participated in a bombardment of Confederate fortifications at Drewry's Bluff. 00:10:36.700 --> 00:10:37.950 00:10:37.950 --> 00:10:43.310 However, these James River batteries, manned in part by crewmen from the late ironclad 00:10:43.310 --> 00:10:47.330 Virginia, successfully resisted the attack. 00:10:47.330 --> 00:10:50.190 The Monitor continued to lay anchor in the Hampton Roads area. 00:10:50.190 --> 00:10:55.330 And in early July, Monitor was also present when U.S. Navy gunboats provided gunfire support 00:10:55.330 --> 00:11:00.290 as General McClellan's armies withdrew down the Peninsula. 00:11:00.290 --> 00:11:04.670 For the rest of July and August, Monitor served on the blockade in the Hampton Roads area. 00:11:04.670 --> 00:11:11.320 A combination of torrid sun, black painted structure, high humidity, insufficient ventilation, 00:11:11.320 --> 00:11:16.310 all produced interior temperatures up to 150 degrees, clearly demonstrated problems with 00:11:16.310 --> 00:11:18.540 inhabiting the Monitor. 00:11:18.540 --> 00:11:23.220 Now these photos that you're viewing were taken on July 9, 1862, by James Gibson. 00:11:23.220 --> 00:11:27.910 He was sent to take pictures of the ship and its crew as Lincoln was supposed to visit that day. 00:11:27.910 --> 00:11:29.090 00:11:29.090 --> 00:11:32.950 Unfortunately, Lincoln had to quickly return to Washington, so he came to the ship in the 00:11:32.950 --> 00:11:33.950 early morning. 00:11:33.950 --> 00:11:36.830 But Gibson didn't arrive until later on that day. 00:11:36.830 --> 00:11:40.030 However, they give us a glimpse at the ship and its crew. 00:11:40.030 --> 00:11:44.500 And you can even see where the turret had been hit by cannon fire. 00:11:44.500 --> 00:11:49.210 Now on December 26, 1862, the Monitor was ordered south. 00:11:49.210 --> 00:11:53.870 And it left Hampton Roads on December 29th, heading to Beaufort, North Carolina. 00:11:53.870 --> 00:11:58.190 It was under tow by the USS Rrhode Island. The weather looked good and the spirit of 00:11:58.190 --> 00:11:59.190 the men was high. 00:11:59.190 --> 00:12:03.990 But now in 1862, they didn't have NOAA'S weather bureau or satellite radar to warn them of a storm. 00:12:03.990 --> 00:12:05.210 00:12:05.210 --> 00:12:10.510 And on the evening of December 30th, a storm did come up as they were nearing 00:12:10.510 --> 00:12:11.510 Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 00:12:11.510 --> 00:12:13.480 The waves grew to around 20 feet. 00:12:13.480 --> 00:12:15.490 The ship began to take on water. 00:12:15.490 --> 00:12:16.630 The coal became wet. 00:12:16.630 --> 00:12:20.190 The pump stopped working, and it was clear that the captain had to order the crew to 00:12:20.190 --> 00:12:21.730 abandon ship. 00:12:21.730 --> 00:12:26.000 Now the red lantern, red signal lantern, was raised to tell the Rhode Island they were in distress. 00:12:26.000 --> 00:12:27.300 00:12:27.300 --> 00:12:32.490 But there were no lifeboats on the Monitor, so the USS Rhode Island sent its lifeboats 00:12:32.490 --> 00:12:34.410 to rescue the men. 00:12:34.410 --> 00:12:39.070 Now envision that night, pitch black, 20-foot waves rolling, and the only way off the ship 00:12:39.070 --> 00:12:41.030 is through the turret's gun ports. 00:12:41.030 --> 00:12:44.290 Now most people in 1862 didn't know how to swim. 00:12:44.290 --> 00:12:49.730 So many of these men were terrified of being swept overboard, especially, if they couldn't swim. 00:12:49.730 --> 00:12:50.730 00:12:50.730 --> 00:12:56.030 Now after several hours, shortly after midnight on December 31st, the Monitor was no more, 00:12:56.030 --> 00:12:59.540 and 16 brave men went down with the ship. 00:12:59.540 --> 00:13:05.650 Now the USS Monitor was the object of numerous searches, but it lay undiscovered for more 00:13:05.650 --> 00:13:07.610 than 110 years. 00:13:07.610 --> 00:13:13.770 Then in 1973, an interdisciplinary team of scientists led by John G. Newton of Duke University 00:13:13.770 --> 00:13:18.860 Marine Lab proposed testing the application of geological survey equipment for underwater 00:13:18.860 --> 00:13:20.210 archaeological survey and assessment. 00:13:20.210 --> 00:13:22.720 A lot of big words there. 00:13:22.720 --> 00:13:27.440 The purpose of the project was to map and study a specific area of the continental shelf 00:13:27.440 --> 00:13:29.290 off the North Carolina coast 00:13:29.290 --> 00:13:34.530 to assess the applicability of the equipment to underwater archaeology. The scientists 00:13:34.530 --> 00:13:38.490 proposed to locate and identify a specific shipwreck. 00:13:38.490 --> 00:13:43.930 The only easy, easily identifiable vessel believed to have been lost in the survey area 00:13:43.930 --> 00:13:45.930 was the Monitor. 00:13:45.930 --> 00:13:51.750 They identified 21 sites during the expedition that were not Monitor, but then on August 27, 00:13:51.750 --> 00:13:59.010 the last day of the expedition, the side scan sonar recorded a long amorphous echo. 00:13:59.010 --> 00:14:04.210 They wanted to check it out, so they lowered a camera and a video over the ship hoping 00:14:04.210 --> 00:14:07.790 to confirm that it was indeed the Monitor. 00:14:07.790 --> 00:14:11.430 This is a video of what the scientists saw as the cameras moved over the ship. 00:14:11.430 --> 00:14:16.940 And you can see an outline, and then something looks round, but to them something just didn't seem right. 00:14:16.940 --> 00:14:17.950 00:14:17.950 --> 00:14:25.530 I'll let you watch it for just a few seconds as it moves over the wreck. 00:14:25.530 --> 00:14:39.670 00:14:39.670 --> 00:14:48.680 And they, it didn't look right to them because they didn't know that the night that the ship 00:14:48.680 --> 00:14:51.070 sank, it actually sank and landed upside down. 00:14:51.070 --> 00:14:56.610 As you see in this video simulation, the turret wasn't attached, so it also fell off, flipped 00:14:56.610 --> 00:14:58.860 upside down, and landed at the stern of the ship. 00:14:58.860 --> 00:15:07.410 And the ship fell on top of it. 00:15:07.410 --> 00:15:12.320 Now after reviewing the data collected in August of 1973, an official announcement was 00:15:12.320 --> 00:15:19.570 made on March the 8th of 1974, that Duke University had indeed discovered the wreck site of the 00:15:19.570 --> 00:15:20.850 USS Monitor. 00:15:20.850 --> 00:15:27.720 In April of 1974, the U.S. Navy's newest scientific ship, the sea probe, went to the site, and 00:15:27.720 --> 00:15:31.850 the ship documented the site taking hundreds of images. 00:15:31.850 --> 00:15:35.930 And from those images, they were stitched together to create the first photomosaic of 00:15:35.930 --> 00:15:37.610 the USS Monitor. 00:15:37.610 --> 00:15:42.980 Now the discovery of the Monitor also brought new problems of how to protect and conserve the ship. 00:15:42.980 --> 00:15:43.980 00:15:43.980 --> 00:15:47.630 North Carolina's Submerged Cultural Resource Law could not protect the wreck from salvage 00:15:47.630 --> 00:15:51.080 efforts because it lay outside the three-mile limit. 00:15:51.080 --> 00:15:54.280 And therefore, outside the jurisdiction of the state. 00:15:54.280 --> 00:15:59.790 After surveying existing federal legislation, the Sanctuaries Act of 1972 seemed to offer 00:15:59.790 --> 00:16:02.070 the best means of protecting the ship. 00:16:02.070 --> 00:16:08.600 The act authorized creation of marine protected areas under the jurisdiction of NOAA. 00:16:08.600 --> 00:16:13.940 So the governor of North Carolina, James Holshouser, nominated the wreck for marine sanctuary status. 00:16:13.940 --> 00:16:21.240 And on January 30th 1975, the 113th anniversary of the vessel's launch, Monitor National Marine 00:16:21.240 --> 00:16:26.540 Sanctuary, the nation's first national marine sanctuary, was created. 00:16:26.540 --> 00:16:27.830 And this is where it's located. 00:16:27.830 --> 00:16:32.690 It's just 16 miles south-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 00:16:32.690 --> 00:16:39.110 Now from 1975 to 1987, there were several expeditions to the Monitor to document and 00:16:39.110 --> 00:16:40.990 survey the wreck site. 00:16:40.990 --> 00:16:46.250 During the 1977 expedition, archaeologists saw the Monitor's red signal lantern rolling 00:16:46.250 --> 00:16:48.980 across the ocean bottom next to the turret. 00:16:48.980 --> 00:16:50.800 They made a decision to recover it. 00:16:50.800 --> 00:16:55.140 And fittingly, it was the last thing that the crew saw before the ship went down, and 00:16:55.140 --> 00:16:58.820 it was the first artifact recovered. 00:16:58.820 --> 00:17:02.661 The lantern was conserved by the Smithsonian, but today it is on exhibit at The Mariners' 00:17:02.661 --> 00:17:07.620 Museum and Park in Newport News, Virginia, which also became the repository for all Monitor 00:17:07.620 --> 00:17:08.722 artifacts in 1987. 00:17:08.722 --> 00:17:15.059 In the 1990s, it was thought that the ship was deteriorating more quickly than had been 00:17:15.059 --> 00:17:19.230 expected, so Congress mandated that NOAA come up with a plan to recover some of the more 00:17:19.230 --> 00:17:21.100 iconic pieces of the ship. 00:17:21.100 --> 00:17:24.540 And of course, the most iconic piece was the turret. 00:17:24.540 --> 00:17:29.220 However, before they could remove the turret, part of the stern had to be removed, and it 00:17:29.220 --> 00:17:32.419 would be done in phases over several years. 00:17:32.419 --> 00:17:37.270 NOAA, in partnership with the U.S. Navy, had to remove much of the engineering section 00:17:37.270 --> 00:17:42.250 of the ship starting in 1998 with the ironclad's propeller. 00:17:42.250 --> 00:17:55.250 Then in 2001, the Monitor's engine was recovered. 00:17:55.250 --> 00:18:00.110 And finally, in 2002, the removal of the turret began. 00:18:00.110 --> 00:18:05.970 Now the turret was filled with coal that had emptied into the ship when it flipped upside down. 00:18:05.945 --> 00:18:06.970 00:18:06.970 --> 00:18:10.700 Through the years, sediment also had filled the turret, along with much of the contents 00:18:10.700 --> 00:18:12.570 becoming concreted together. 00:18:12.570 --> 00:18:17.460 Therefore, before the turret could be raised, the turret had to be excavated. 00:18:17.460 --> 00:18:23.000 Remember, the turret is now resting upside down and the floor is actually the roof. 00:18:23.000 --> 00:18:26.769 Archaeologists and scientists were unsure if the roof structure could support all that weight. 00:18:26.769 --> 00:18:27.769 00:18:27.769 --> 00:18:30.659 So it was literally vacuumed and chiseled out. 00:18:30.659 --> 00:18:34.559 During a video made about the recovery, one of the Navy divers said to imagine that your 00:18:34.559 --> 00:18:39.230 living room was filled to the ceiling with dirt and cemented rocks and then all you have 00:18:39.230 --> 00:18:44.129 to remove it is your household vacuum cleaner, quite the undertaking. 00:18:44.129 --> 00:18:49.809 Now as the divers continued excavating the turret, they found the human remains of a 00:18:49.809 --> 00:18:50.809 Monitor sailor. 00:18:50.809 --> 00:18:53.299 Suddenly, the whole expedition changed. 00:18:53.299 --> 00:18:56.020 It was no longer just a recovery of the turret. 00:18:56.020 --> 00:18:57.590 They had found a fellow sailor. 00:18:57.590 --> 00:19:00.510 He became known as Monitor One. 00:19:00.510 --> 00:19:04.940 They delicately removed as much of the remains as they could, but with weather turning bad 00:19:04.940 --> 00:19:09.250 and the end of the expedition coming fast, they decided to finish when the turret was 00:19:09.250 --> 00:19:10.789 safely out of the water. 00:19:10.789 --> 00:19:15.310 And once they continued to remove the remains of the sailor, they found a second set of 00:19:15.310 --> 00:19:16.910 remains, Monitor Two. 00:19:16.910 --> 00:19:22.470 NOAA and the Navy had suspected that they might find human remains, so they had requested 00:19:22.470 --> 00:19:26.389 assistance from the Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii. 00:19:26.389 --> 00:19:31.899 Now this agency has changed names several times, and is now the DPAA. 00:19:31.899 --> 00:19:37.389 But no matter what name they go by, they are the agency responsible for identifying unknown 00:19:37.389 --> 00:19:39.299 military men and women. 00:19:39.299 --> 00:19:44.830 The agency representative who was on board the expedition took possession of the remains 00:19:44.830 --> 00:19:48.850 and returned with them to Hawaii. 00:19:48.850 --> 00:19:52.871 So as the recovery of the turret continued, a special device called the 'spider' and its 00:19:52.871 --> 00:19:56.610 platform were lowered into the water. 00:19:56.610 --> 00:20:00.350 Once the turret was placed on the platform, then the spider would fit down over the top 00:20:00.350 --> 00:20:06.529 and clamp into place, allowing the turret to safely be raised and placed on a barge. 00:20:06.529 --> 00:20:11.879 And on August 5th, 2002, after 45 days, the turret broke the surface of the water for 00:20:11.879 --> 00:20:15.419 the first time since it sank in 1862. 00:20:15.419 --> 00:20:21.520 The excavation of the turret continued for months to come, and it offered many treasures 00:20:21.520 --> 00:20:24.940 for archaeologists, 00:20:24.940 --> 00:20:29.679 Such as the two Dahlgren guns and their carriages that were intact and upside down inside the turret. 00:20:29.679 --> 00:20:31.090 00:20:31.090 --> 00:20:35.740 To conserve an artifact that has been in a marine environment, it is imperative to keep it wet. 00:20:35.740 --> 00:20:36.740 00:20:36.740 --> 00:20:41.730 If the artifact begins to dry out, salt crystals will form, and they will act like tiny little 00:20:41.730 --> 00:20:43.940 hammers breaking apart the metal. 00:20:43.940 --> 00:20:48.480 So the tank was kept wet with a sprinkling system until, I'm sorry, the turret was kept 00:20:48.480 --> 00:20:52.669 wet with a sprinkling system until a tank was built around it. 00:20:52.669 --> 00:20:57.100 Today, visitors can see the turret, the guns and their carriages, the steam engine, and 00:20:57.100 --> 00:21:01.299 condenser all in their tanks as they visit the USS Monitor Center Batten Conservation 00:21:01.299 --> 00:21:03.299 Laboratory Complex. 00:21:03.299 --> 00:21:06.659 You can walk up those steps there on the left and look through the windows. 00:21:06.659 --> 00:21:10.919 And you can look directly into history. 00:21:10.919 --> 00:21:16.480 And the conservation lab is located within The Mariners' Museum and Park, which is also 00:21:16.480 --> 00:21:19.730 our official visitor center. 00:21:19.730 --> 00:21:24.389 There you can visit the USS Monitor Center, which tells the Monitor's story through artifacts, 00:21:24.389 --> 00:21:27.900 images, and interactive exhibits. 00:21:27.900 --> 00:21:32.190 You can learn about the age of sail, and see the Virginia under construction in the Gosport 00:21:32.190 --> 00:21:34.760 Navy Yard, which is a beautiful recreation. 00:21:34.760 --> 00:21:38.590 You can walk through the Monitor's captain's cabin, where you will see a door that once 00:21:38.590 --> 00:21:43.029 led to the first underwater flush toilet, another great invention by Ericsson. 00:21:43.029 --> 00:21:48.070 You can also peek into the officer's quarters, see a mock-up of the recovered turret, and 00:21:48.070 --> 00:21:49.679 so much more. 00:21:49.679 --> 00:21:56.190 Also, on display are many of the artifacts, such as the propeller, personal items that 00:21:56.190 --> 00:22:02.060 were found with the remains of the sailors in the turret, the engine register, and much, 00:22:02.060 --> 00:22:03.060 much more. 00:22:03.060 --> 00:22:07.360 I cannot even begin to describe all the wonderful things that the museum has to offer. 00:22:07.360 --> 00:22:09.909 It is well worth the trip to Newport News, Virginia. 00:22:09.909 --> 00:22:14.370 And when they reopen, I hope that you will make a trip there. 00:22:14.370 --> 00:22:20.440 Now 2012 came around, and it was the 150th anniversary of the Monitor. 00:22:20.440 --> 00:22:25.700 So remember, the Monitor began on January 30th, when it is launched. 00:22:25.700 --> 00:22:27.860 And it sank on December 31st. 00:22:27.860 --> 00:22:30.380 So it was about 11 months old. 00:22:30.380 --> 00:22:37.010 So everything in 1862 that happened to it is now 150 years later in 2012. 00:22:37.010 --> 00:22:41.190 So to commemorate the anniversary, we designed and placed a memorial monument to the ship 00:22:41.190 --> 00:22:42.320 and its crew. 00:22:42.320 --> 00:22:47.600 The dedication ceremony was attended by hundreds of people, including many dignitaries from 00:22:47.600 --> 00:22:51.519 the Navy Veterans Affairs, as well as NOAA. 00:22:51.519 --> 00:22:56.210 Today, you can visit the Hampton National Cemetery located near the campus of Hampton 00:22:56.210 --> 00:22:57.820 University in Hampton, Virginia. 00:22:57.820 --> 00:23:02.490 You will find the monument in the Civil War section of the cemetery. 00:23:02.490 --> 00:23:07.990 Also, in commemoration of the 150th anniversary, NOAA petitioned the Navy to have the sailors 00:23:07.990 --> 00:23:10.330 buried at Arlington Cemetery. 00:23:10.330 --> 00:23:12.659 They had been in Hawaii for 10 years. 00:23:12.659 --> 00:23:17.110 Now forensics had been performed and good DNA samples were actually recovered. 00:23:17.110 --> 00:23:22.720 Some people came forward to see if they were a match, but the two sailors remained unknown. 00:23:22.720 --> 00:23:27.370 The Navy wanted to make sure that there were no living relatives, so they wanted to make 00:23:27.370 --> 00:23:30.970 one more effort to find a living relative. 00:23:30.970 --> 00:23:36.350 Therefor, NOAA worked with Louisiana State University's FACES Lab to recreate their faces, 00:23:36.350 --> 00:23:41.919 hoping to bring the story to many more people and maybe possibly discover a relative. 00:23:41.919 --> 00:23:46.119 So using casts of their skulls, they set to work. 00:23:46.119 --> 00:23:50.320 Forensics had shown that one of the sailors appeared to be somewhere between 17 and 24 00:23:50.320 --> 00:23:53.590 years of age, and perhaps probably in his early 20s. 00:23:53.590 --> 00:23:58.820 And then the other was somewhere between 30 and 40, perhaps in his early 30s or so. 00:23:58.820 --> 00:24:03.809 Now forensic anthropologists then created facial reconstructions by using a combination 00:24:03.809 --> 00:24:07.379 of scientific and artistic research, 00:24:07.379 --> 00:24:15.240 3D clay facial reconstruction, computer-generated modeling, and computer enhanced imaging techniques. 00:24:15.240 --> 00:24:19.350 So today, we know what they look like. 00:24:19.350 --> 00:24:23.299 Here is the older gentleman. 00:24:23.299 --> 00:24:24.940 And here is the younger gentleman. 00:24:24.940 --> 00:24:29.341 I asked the forensic anthropologists why they gave them brown hair and brown eyes, and they 00:24:29.341 --> 00:24:37.139 told me that's because that's the most common color for hair and eyes for people. 00:24:37.139 --> 00:24:40.450 Now as a side story, I love to tell this great engineering story. 00:24:40.450 --> 00:24:43.590 So for you teachers who want to put a little engineering in your class, this is a great 00:24:43.590 --> 00:24:47.700 story that you might want to share. 00:24:47.700 --> 00:24:52.809 NOAA and LSU were very unsure of how to get these clay models from LSU to Washington DC, safely. 00:24:52.809 --> 00:24:53.809 00:24:53.809 --> 00:24:58.710 And after discussions with several organizations, UPS stepped up and took on the challenge. 00:24:58.710 --> 00:25:04.040 Now I sat next to a man at dinner who was in charge of the shipping at UPS, and he told 00:25:04.040 --> 00:25:08.710 me one night that it was perhaps the most challenging engineering problem that UPS had 00:25:08.710 --> 00:25:09.710 ever solved. 00:25:09.710 --> 00:25:12.990 And he also told me that they'd even once shipped a whale. 00:25:12.990 --> 00:25:17.730 Now it took several reiterations, but they finally had success. 00:25:17.730 --> 00:25:22.450 The boxes were loaded into a van to go to the airport, but as luck would have it, a 00:25:22.450 --> 00:25:25.210 storm prevented them from leaving from that airport. 00:25:25.210 --> 00:25:27.490 So the van was rerouted mid-route. 00:25:27.490 --> 00:25:30.889 And UPS had to get another plane to the new airport. 00:25:30.889 --> 00:25:36.610 UPS also told me that all along the way, in the van and on the plane, they had UPS volunteers, 00:25:36.610 --> 00:25:43.580 employees who volunteered, to hug the boxes the entire journey, just in case of any unexpected 00:25:43.580 --> 00:25:44.690 turbulence. 00:25:44.690 --> 00:25:49.120 UPS also had a team of meteorologists working to make sure the plane averted any bad weather 00:25:49.120 --> 00:25:51.980 on its way to DC. 00:25:51.980 --> 00:25:55.149 And they arrived safely and intact. 00:25:55.149 --> 00:26:01.779 Then on March 6, 2012, the faces were unveiled in a ceremony at the Navy Memorial Museum 00:26:01.779 --> 00:26:03.850 in Washington DC. 00:26:03.850 --> 00:26:09.190 News stories went out around the world garnering attention of historians, descendants of Monitor 00:26:09.190 --> 00:26:10.190 sailors, and many more. 00:26:10.190 --> 00:26:17.629 A few more people did come forward to give their DNA, but there were no matches. 00:26:17.629 --> 00:26:21.789 So we do not know who they are, but it is strongly suspected that the older gentleman 00:26:21.789 --> 00:26:23.399 may be Robert Williams. 00:26:23.399 --> 00:26:27.990 This is Robert Williams in the picture on the far right side. 00:26:27.990 --> 00:26:32.309 And if you look at the clay face with a hat and a mustache added to it, it does look a 00:26:32.309 --> 00:26:33.769 lot like him. 00:26:33.769 --> 00:26:35.179 So it's possible. 00:26:35.179 --> 00:26:41.639 However, with no confirmed living relatives, the Navy moved forward laying to rest these 00:26:41.639 --> 00:26:45.899 two unknown Monitor sailors at Arlington National Cemetery. 00:26:45.899 --> 00:26:50.749 The remains were flown from Hawaii to DC, and they were treated with the utmost respect. 00:26:50.749 --> 00:26:56.080 Former veterans, who were who were Delta employees, came out to pay their respects and to honor 00:26:56.080 --> 00:26:58.860 them as they were unloaded from the plane. 00:26:58.860 --> 00:27:10.830 They were transferred from the plane to be taken to Arlington National Cemetery. 00:27:10.830 --> 00:27:14.980 And on March 8, 2013, they were placed in the chapel at Arlington. 00:27:14.980 --> 00:27:24.309 In attendance were 500 invited guests, including 150 Monitor descendants. 00:27:24.309 --> 00:27:29.249 Also attending was a contingent of sailors from the present day USS Minnesota, the namesake 00:27:29.249 --> 00:27:34.499 of the ship Monitor fought so bravely to defend. 00:27:34.499 --> 00:27:39.710 Secretary of the Navy at the time, Ray Mabus, spoke and said, "Today is a tribute to all 00:27:39.710 --> 00:27:43.539 the men and women who have gone to sea, but especially to those who have made the ultimate 00:27:43.539 --> 00:27:45.059 sacrifice on our behalf." 00:27:45.059 --> 00:27:52.789 The sailors were laid to rest with full military honors. 00:27:52.789 --> 00:27:56.460 And I'm just going to click through some of these photos so that you can enjoy them without 00:27:56.460 --> 00:28:22.600 me speaking. 00:28:22.600 --> 00:28:26.179 There were over 10,000 people that gathered to watch their internment. 00:28:26.179 --> 00:28:30.409 It was 4:00 in the afternoon on Friday, March the 8th. 00:28:30.409 --> 00:28:35.320 If you have ever been in DC on a Friday afternoon, you understand what it means that so many 00:28:35.320 --> 00:28:37.739 of the public came to pay their respect. 00:28:37.739 --> 00:28:45.749 It was deeply moving, and one of the most profound experiences I have ever had. 00:28:45.749 --> 00:28:54.140 Today, you can visit their grave and there you will see the monument dedicated to the 00:28:54.140 --> 00:28:59.480 ship and all 16 men that died the night the Monitor sank. 00:28:59.480 --> 00:29:03.429 Now if you want to learn more about the Monitor, I invite you to visit the legacy site that 00:29:03.429 --> 00:29:07.009 was created in 2012 for the 150th anniversary. 00:29:07.009 --> 00:29:10.999 There you'll find the details of how Ericsson almost didn't win the contract, more about 00:29:10.999 --> 00:29:16.139 the battle, the sailors that died, discovery, conservation, and so much more. 00:29:16.139 --> 00:29:21.320 Today, the ship continues to rest at about 230 feet below the ocean surface. 00:29:21.320 --> 00:29:25.230 It offers habitat to an abundance of marine life that call it home. 00:29:25.230 --> 00:29:28.320 And it continues to have many more stories to tell. 00:29:28.320 --> 00:29:32.690 Now if you're interested in learning more about the Monitor and want new ways to teach 00:29:32.690 --> 00:29:34.169 your students, you are in luck. 00:29:34.169 --> 00:29:36.919 We have a plethora of materials. 00:29:36.919 --> 00:29:40.320 First is our Monitor curriculum guide. 00:29:40.320 --> 00:29:43.869 This 176 page guide is packed with activities. 00:29:43.869 --> 00:29:48.690 It was developed in partnership with The Mariners' Museum and Park, and is a great resource for 00:29:48.690 --> 00:29:51.299 students in grades four through eight. 00:29:51.299 --> 00:29:56.230 It also uses primary source documents to engage students and each activity can stand alone 00:29:56.230 --> 00:29:59.610 or be combined with others to create a unit. 00:29:59.610 --> 00:30:03.850 There are also additional activities on the website that are not in the guide, so be sure 00:30:03.850 --> 00:30:06.909 to check out our teacher and student section. 00:30:06.909 --> 00:30:13.029 Also, on our site and I also put a link in the handout, there is a video that takes you 00:30:13.029 --> 00:30:18.900 through the history from Monitor's conception to present day, and it does it in only 17 minutes. 00:30:18.900 --> 00:30:20.440 00:30:20.440 --> 00:30:25.780 And if you want to see the ship in 3D, we also have a 3D model on our website, which 00:30:25.780 --> 00:30:29.850 is also listed in the handout. 00:30:29.850 --> 00:30:35.009 There you can also download bookmarks for your class, as well as this activity that 00:30:35.009 --> 00:30:36.759 takes a look at history in 3D. 00:30:36.759 --> 00:30:41.960 A lot of us think that 3D technology is really new, but it was actually invented in the 1850s. 00:30:41.960 --> 00:30:47.929 Now one side of the card, the left-hand side of the screen there, is a card that was created 00:30:47.929 --> 00:30:49.490 for a stereoscope. 00:30:49.490 --> 00:30:52.960 So if you have one of those, you can actually put the card in there and you can see how 00:30:52.960 --> 00:30:55.840 the images come together to create a 3D image. 00:30:55.840 --> 00:31:00.129 And the other side is an anaglyph, which is created using the red and blue. 00:31:00.129 --> 00:31:05.159 So if you have some of those familiar red and blue glasses that we used to all use to 00:31:05.159 --> 00:31:12.149 read the comics that were in 3D, that's what you use to be able to see the anaglyph. 00:31:12.149 --> 00:31:16.119 If you're into building models, you can download this model of the Monitor, but don't forget 00:31:16.119 --> 00:31:19.659 to also download the instructions, or you won't or you may be lost. 00:31:19.659 --> 00:31:24.080 And as you travel, you might want to check out our website to see if there's a Monitor 00:31:24.080 --> 00:31:26.919 Trail sign near you, wherever you're going. 00:31:26.919 --> 00:31:31.990 So far, we have installed signs in Syracuse and Brooklyn, New York; Beaufort, North Carolina; 00:31:31.990 --> 00:31:37.480 Drewry's Bluff, Virginia; three signs at Monitor Merrimack Overlook Park, which actually help 00:31:37.480 --> 00:31:41.489 to interpret that battle on March the 8th and 9th. 00:31:41.489 --> 00:31:46.279 And then The Mariners' Museum, and one at Virginia Beach Surf and Rescue Museum that 00:31:46.279 --> 00:31:48.820 interprets World War II off the East Coast. 00:31:48.820 --> 00:31:53.120 But we have more in the works and more are to come. 00:31:53.120 --> 00:31:56.669 Now if you want to add a little STEM to your social studies, be sure to check out our maritime 00:31:56.669 --> 00:31:59.179 archaeology guide. 00:31:59.179 --> 00:32:03.630 It is filled with hands-on activities that help students to understand how shipwrecks 00:32:03.630 --> 00:32:09.080 are discovered and the tools that scientists use once they discover them, or that they 00:32:09.080 --> 00:32:12.090 use after they are discovered to document them. 00:32:12.090 --> 00:32:16.831 If you're looking for a project-based learning activity to span a few weeks or more, take 00:32:16.831 --> 00:32:20.690 a look at the Shipwrecks of the Deep curriculum guide. 00:32:20.690 --> 00:32:25.100 It too is filled with hands-on activities, that is in three parts, with the first part 00:32:25.100 --> 00:32:28.899 simulating being an archaeologist in search of a lost shipwreck. 00:32:28.899 --> 00:32:35.149 The second part is all about life science where students learn about pollution, water 00:32:35.149 --> 00:32:39.500 quality, and more, as they determine the status of their fictitious shipwreck. 00:32:39.500 --> 00:32:42.700 And the final section is about the chemistry of conservation. 00:32:42.700 --> 00:32:47.220 As the students try to decide if they should recover and conserve artifacts or leave them in situ. 00:32:47.220 --> 00:32:49.499 00:32:49.499 --> 00:32:53.789 Now one of the other activities and guides we have available is ROV in a Bucket with 00:32:53.789 --> 00:32:58.899 directions on how to build your own ROV kits to use in the classroom or for your own personal use. 00:32:58.899 --> 00:33:00.899 00:33:00.899 --> 00:33:07.720 Using our ROV curriculum, you can guide students to engineer and build their ROV and to host 00:33:07.720 --> 00:33:10.179 a competition. 00:33:10.179 --> 00:33:12.940 I've done this with lots and lots of students. 00:33:12.940 --> 00:33:17.600 I've worked with everybody from fifth grade through adults. 00:33:17.600 --> 00:33:18.600 Everyone always loves it. 00:33:18.600 --> 00:33:24.640 It's a great way to engage students both in maritime archaeology, looking at things on 00:33:24.640 --> 00:33:28.610 the ocean floor, and in engineering. 00:33:28.610 --> 00:33:37.179 We also have several learning modules such as this mock shipwreck activity. 00:33:37.179 --> 00:33:39.520 And we have another one that called Shipwrecks as Reefs. 00:33:39.520 --> 00:33:43.990 It's all about taking biological surveys on a shipwreck. 00:33:43.990 --> 00:33:48.330 And we have a curriculum guide on World War I. 00:33:48.330 --> 00:33:58.580 I'll let some of these come up and again it's online. 00:33:58.580 --> 00:34:00.639 And we also have a guide for World War II. 00:34:00.639 --> 00:34:05.840 Now I'll be hosting future webinars on both of these topics, as well as on maritime archaeology, 00:34:05.840 --> 00:34:08.380 so look for them if you're interested. 00:34:08.380 --> 00:34:11.881 Now if you like story maps, check out our Outer Banks Maritime Heritage Trail, where 00:34:11.881 --> 00:34:16.690 you can interact with 11 different videos that all tell interesting stories of maritime 00:34:16.690 --> 00:34:18.830 heritage along the Outer Banks. 00:34:18.830 --> 00:34:22.150 There's also a set of oral histories from people who lived in the Outer Banks during 00:34:22.150 --> 00:34:28.280 World War II, and there's a lesson plan to go with the videos and the oral histories. 00:34:28.280 --> 00:34:30.919 Most of what I've shown you today can be found on our website. 00:34:30.919 --> 00:34:35.610 So just go to our website and look for the "Learn" tab, and there you'll see the overview, 00:34:35.610 --> 00:34:37.800 students, teachers, additional resources. 00:34:37.800 --> 00:34:41.590 And you can even request speakers for events. 00:34:41.590 --> 00:34:51.130 Now to be sure you don't miss any of the great news or future webinars 00:34:51.130 --> 00:34:54.190 you might want to make sure that you sign up for our listserv. 00:34:54.190 --> 00:35:03.020 Just go to our news page and scroll down to the bottom for the sanctuary update box. 00:35:03.020 --> 00:35:06.370 And I would be remiss if I didn't mention all of the great NOAA resources. 00:35:06.370 --> 00:35:10.870 So go to the NOAA page and just down here at the bottom. 00:35:10.870 --> 00:35:13.880 You will see a little apple and you just click on that. 00:35:13.880 --> 00:35:18.300 And that's going to take you to all of their resource collections or educator opportunities, 00:35:18.300 --> 00:35:21.650 student opportunities, grants, and their networks. 00:35:21.650 --> 00:35:26.490 Now the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, which manages all of the sanctuary system 00:35:26.490 --> 00:35:32.230 that we're a part of, is a great place for a wealth of activities. 00:35:32.230 --> 00:35:37.140 You can find lesson guides there, student scholarships, and so much more. 00:35:37.140 --> 00:35:41.250 And I think one of the best activities is their virtual reality. 00:35:41.250 --> 00:35:47.630 At the site, you can take a 360 degree virtual dive into several of our sanctuaries by using 00:35:47.630 --> 00:35:51.070 your phone or your computer. 00:35:51.070 --> 00:35:55.920 You can also pair your device with virtual reality goggles for an even greater experience. 00:35:55.920 --> 00:35:58.650 And these dives also come with lesson plans. 00:35:58.650 --> 00:36:04.510 And I want to make sure to let you know about an expedition coming up this May and June 00:36:04.510 --> 00:36:06.700 called Valor in the Atlantic. 00:36:06.700 --> 00:36:13.680 The project will use sonar and ROVs to explore several shipwrecks, including the USS Monitor, 00:36:13.680 --> 00:36:15.510 off the North Carolina coast. 00:36:15.510 --> 00:36:20.170 This is going to be a live stream program that you can watch from your computers or 00:36:20.170 --> 00:36:21.320 your phone. 00:36:21.320 --> 00:36:25.830 And it's also, we are working with several museums across the country to be able to bring 00:36:25.830 --> 00:36:31.500 it into the museum for people who live near there can go in to do an in-person experience. 00:36:31.500 --> 00:36:36.620 Of course, everything is dependent upon museums being open, but if they're not, it's still 00:36:36.620 --> 00:36:38.210 online, and you can still watch it. 00:36:38.210 --> 00:36:42.940 And I think it's pretty much gonna run for most of the day and a lot of the nights. 00:36:42.940 --> 00:36:46.810 So we hope that you will join us and there will be a lot of good videos and images that 00:36:46.810 --> 00:36:51.940 we'll post online that you'll be able to explore. 00:36:51.940 --> 00:36:55.560 And lastly, we invite you to join us on Facebook and Twitter. 00:36:55.560 --> 00:37:00.190 As always, everything we do and all of our latest news is usually posted there. 00:37:00.190 --> 00:37:05.580 So if you are a social media fan, then we invite you to join us there. 00:37:05.580 --> 00:37:08.890 And that's pretty much everything I have for today. 00:37:08.890 --> 00:37:13.800 That's my presentation, but if you would like to have any information about any of the modules 00:37:13.800 --> 00:37:19.270 or any of the curriculum guides that I've showed you today, need more information, or 00:37:19.270 --> 00:37:23.430 you can't find them, if that handout has a bad link, just email me. 00:37:23.430 --> 00:37:27.040 I'm always available and happy to help you. 00:37:27.040 --> 00:37:30.430 Okay and Mark I'll give it back to you. 00:37:30.430 --> 00:37:34.940 [Mark Losavio] All righty then. 00:37:34.940 --> 00:37:37.260 So great stuff. 00:37:37.260 --> 00:37:41.640 Thank you very much for that Shannon, and we actually did just get quite a few questions 00:37:41.640 --> 00:37:42.640 come in. 00:37:42.640 --> 00:37:48.390 Okay, so let me take a look here. 00:37:48.390 --> 00:37:57.490 Yes, so first question, how much longer will the turret be undergoing conservation? 00:37:57.490 --> 00:37:59.790 [Shannon Ricles] That's a good question. 00:37:59.790 --> 00:38:04.640 I have been with Monitor National Marine Sanctuary for 13 years, and when I first came on board, 00:38:04.640 --> 00:38:06.350 they told me another 20 years. 00:38:06.350 --> 00:38:11.460 Well, I just was reading something the other day, and they said another 20 years, so a lot. 00:38:11.460 --> 00:38:12.460 00:38:12.460 --> 00:38:15.490 That turret is a very complicated piece to conserve. 00:38:15.490 --> 00:38:20.860 It's got eight layers of iron, salt has permeated all the way through all of those layers, so 00:38:20.860 --> 00:38:24.510 it's not an easy piece to just conserve. 00:38:24.510 --> 00:38:29.330 They do the electrolytic reduction process to try to pull those salts out of that metal, 00:38:29.330 --> 00:38:31.770 and it's just it's a time process. 00:38:31.770 --> 00:38:33.940 It just takes time. 00:38:33.940 --> 00:38:36.000 But it will come out someday. 00:38:36.000 --> 00:38:39.610 So we just have to be patient and make sure that we do it right. 00:38:39.610 --> 00:38:41.554 [Tane Casserley] And Shannon, I can jump in. 00:38:41.554 --> 00:38:45.730 So I think the latest numbers are about 12 years from now. 00:38:45.730 --> 00:38:48.710 [Shannon Ricles] Okay that's better. 00:38:48.710 --> 00:38:49.910 I haven't heard that. 00:38:49.910 --> 00:38:50.910 Thank you. 00:38:50.910 --> 00:38:54.060 [Mark Losavio] All right, next question. 00:38:54.060 --> 00:38:56.650 We are asking where the cannons are today? 00:38:56.650 --> 00:39:01.850 [Shannon Ricles ] Okay, again if you go back to the slide where I showed you the Batten 00:39:01.850 --> 00:39:04.740 Conservation Lab, that's where they're located. 00:39:04.740 --> 00:39:09.770 They're in tanks and they're undergoing conservation, and I think they should be out of conservation 00:39:09.770 --> 00:39:11.310 in two to three years. 00:39:11.310 --> 00:39:13.630 Is that correct Tane? 00:39:13.630 --> 00:39:15.740 [Tane Casserley] Yes, that's right. 00:39:15.740 --> 00:39:19.740 I would hope, the hope is in about two years those cannons will be completely finished. 00:39:19.740 --> 00:39:26.290 [Shannon Ricles] Okay so they, the cannons and the gun carriages, are all you can see them when you walk when 00:39:26.290 --> 00:39:28.960 you go to The Mariners Museum and you walk up those stairs. 00:39:28.960 --> 00:39:36.290 You can actually see them down in their tanks, and they have done some fantastic job of conserving 00:39:36.290 --> 00:39:37.290 them. 00:39:37.290 --> 00:39:38.290 You can even read the writing on them. 00:39:38.290 --> 00:39:42.230 There were some inscriptions that were written on them after the battle, so you can even 00:39:42.230 --> 00:39:43.970 read that very clearly today. Okay. 00:39:43.970 --> 00:39:46.420 [Mark Losavio] Cool. 00:39:46.420 --> 00:39:51.420 And here's another good question, someone is asking what happened to the other ironclad 00:39:51.420 --> 00:39:54.200 from the South, the Virginia? 00:39:54.200 --> 00:39:57.410 Was any part of that vessel recovered or saved? 00:39:57.410 --> 00:39:59.240 [Shannon Ricles] Not to my knowledge. 00:39:59.240 --> 00:40:03.400 The Virginia blew itself up basically because it was afraid it was going to be captured 00:40:03.400 --> 00:40:05.540 by the Union Navy. 00:40:05.540 --> 00:40:09.260 So they didn't want the Union to have their have any part of it. 00:40:09.260 --> 00:40:14.480 So they actually set it on fire and the ammunition and stuff that was inside of it blew it up. 00:40:14.480 --> 00:40:17.080 What was left, sunk to the bottom of the harbor. 00:40:17.080 --> 00:40:19.440 Tane might be able to address that better. 00:40:19.440 --> 00:40:21.820 Has anybody ever gone to look for it Tane? 00:40:21.820 --> 00:40:22.820 Has it been found? 00:40:22.820 --> 00:40:26.500 [Tane Casserley] Yes, so that's a good question, we get asked a lot. 00:40:26.500 --> 00:40:31.500 So when it was first blown up by the South and Confederates, a lot of the locals went 00:40:31.500 --> 00:40:34.720 out there and salvaged pieces and parts as keepsakes. 00:40:34.720 --> 00:40:40.840 So those incorporated themselves into little petties and canes and all sorts of things. 00:40:40.840 --> 00:40:46.770 But it's believed that the vessel was dredged over, actually dredged through and destroyed 00:40:46.770 --> 00:40:50.110 later on during the the run-up to World War II 00:40:50.110 --> 00:40:56.150 and in the Gulf Wars. So nothing actually remains of the CSS Virginia anymore. 00:40:56.150 --> 00:40:58.350 [Shannon Ricles] Yep, okay that's what I thought. 00:40:58.350 --> 00:41:00.740 All right thank you Tane. 00:41:00.740 --> 00:41:04.100 [Mark Losavio] Here's another question. 00:41:04.100 --> 00:41:10.580 I guess, what was the length of the Monitor, like give us an idea of the size of that vessel. 00:41:10.580 --> 00:41:13.910 It was 172 feet long. 00:41:13.910 --> 00:41:18.570 [Shannon Ricles] Yeah it was pretty big, but it was actually very small, it was smaller 00:41:18.570 --> 00:41:19.930 than the Virginia. 00:41:19.930 --> 00:41:24.930 I'm not sure of the breadth of it, what was it about 40-41 feet. 00:41:24.930 --> 00:41:26.480 No, not that long. 00:41:26.480 --> 00:41:27.480 I don't remember. 00:41:27.480 --> 00:41:29.990 Tane do you remember the breath of the the Monitor? 00:41:29.990 --> 00:41:35.500 It was 172 feet long. [Tane Casserley] I think between 40 and 45 feet wide. 00:41:35.500 --> 00:41:37.180 [Shannon Ricles] That's what I was thinking. 00:41:37.180 --> 00:41:38.180 Okay. 00:41:38.180 --> 00:41:43.940 So yeah. So it was a big ship, but again most of what you see, most of the Monitor was underwater. 00:41:43.940 --> 00:41:45.610 Kind of like an iceberg. 00:41:45.610 --> 00:41:50.080 Everything you see that floats on top is just a very small portion of the ship, because 00:41:50.080 --> 00:41:53.480 only 18 inches of that ship actually floated above water. 00:41:53.480 --> 00:41:55.120 [Mark Losavio] Cool. 00:41:55.120 --> 00:41:56.220 All right. 00:41:56.220 --> 00:42:00.480 So we only have a couple more questions, so if you have any questions now's the time to 00:42:00.480 --> 00:42:02.390 put them in the chat box. 00:42:02.390 --> 00:42:08.800 But for the next one, for those, some of those artifacts have to be soaking in water. 00:42:08.800 --> 00:42:09.830 Why is that? 00:42:09.830 --> 00:42:15.270 [Shannon Ricles] Well, the salt, if they were in a marine environment with a salt water 00:42:15.270 --> 00:42:16.270 environment. 00:42:16.270 --> 00:42:22.700 So salt actually permeates all of that metal as it, you know, metal rusts when it's in 00:42:22.700 --> 00:42:27.510 water, so salt just permeates all of that substance material. 00:42:27.510 --> 00:42:34.160 And you know, if you let that just dry out, then those salt crystals form. 00:42:34.160 --> 00:42:39.030 Have you ever done the experiment where you have a jar of water and you put salt in it? 00:42:39.030 --> 00:42:42.080 And you put a string and you let the water evaporate, and you see salt crystals all over 00:42:42.080 --> 00:42:43.080 your string. 00:42:43.080 --> 00:42:44.230 Well, it's kind of the same thing. 00:42:44.230 --> 00:42:47.800 The salt comes out of solution, and you have these little crystals form. 00:42:47.800 --> 00:42:51.650 And they do act like little tiny hammers breaking apart. 00:42:51.650 --> 00:42:55.530 Anybody who lives up in the north, they will be familiar with something called ice wedging. 00:42:55.530 --> 00:43:00.430 So if you go up into the mountains, you will see how ice forms in cracks. 00:43:00.430 --> 00:43:05.560 And as that ice forms and gets wider and wider, those cracks begin to get wider and wider. 00:43:05.560 --> 00:43:07.220 And eventually the rock will break off. 00:43:07.220 --> 00:43:09.310 That's how you get all the rock falls. 00:43:09.310 --> 00:43:14.110 So it's kind of the same principle with with the salt in the solution. 00:43:14.110 --> 00:43:16.810 You don't want to let it just dry out. 00:43:16.810 --> 00:43:23.190 You want to be sure you get all that salt out first before you start letting it dry out. 00:43:23.190 --> 00:43:24.190 00:43:24.190 --> 00:43:27.060 So you have to do something called an electrolytic reduction process. 00:43:27.060 --> 00:43:30.670 And that's where they run a little, they put special chemicals into the water, they 00:43:30.670 --> 00:43:36.170 run a little bit of electricity through the water to help draw that out. 00:43:36.170 --> 00:43:38.230 And then they just keep testing the water. 00:43:38.230 --> 00:43:43.400 Keep replenishing the chemicals, replenishing the water, and they keep monitoring it. 00:43:43.400 --> 00:43:48.130 And over time, it becomes less and less salt until eventually it's done. 00:43:48.130 --> 00:43:49.170 It's ready. 00:43:49.170 --> 00:43:52.500 [Mark Losavio] All right, cool. 00:43:52.500 --> 00:43:55.970 And we've got a couple questions about the captain of the Monitor. 00:43:55.970 --> 00:43:58.420 Okay, and his fate. 00:43:58.420 --> 00:44:02.050 [Shannon Ricles] Captain Worden survived. 00:44:02.050 --> 00:44:04.230 He had some injuries to his eyes. 00:44:04.230 --> 00:44:08.280 He was temporarily blinded, but he did recover from all of his injuries. 00:44:08.280 --> 00:44:14.310 And he went on and served with distinction throughout the rest of the Civil War. 00:44:14.310 --> 00:44:16.980 Captain Worden's family is huge. 00:44:16.980 --> 00:44:22.920 They have a huge contingency whenever we used to have any of the Monitor events. 00:44:22.920 --> 00:44:28.640 Like the we used to do a descendants' breakfast and stuff, or even when we have the Battle 00:44:28.640 --> 00:44:33.990 of Hampton Roads weekend, they they would come out in mass. 00:44:33.990 --> 00:44:42.370 So they are very, as they should be, very fond of their relative, of their distant descendant. 00:44:42.370 --> 00:44:44.370 And he was a great man and led a great life. 00:44:44.370 --> 00:44:45.420 But you know he survived. 00:44:45.420 --> 00:44:46.930 He survived all of his injuries. 00:44:46.930 --> 00:44:50.050 [Mark Losavio] Wow, very cool, very cool. 00:44:50.050 --> 00:44:51.740 I'd be very proud of that too. 00:44:51.740 --> 00:44:53.300 Yeah, all right. 00:44:53.300 --> 00:44:57.200 So thank you very much for answering those questions. 00:44:57.200 --> 00:45:01.700 And I would like to invite everyone to please visit the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary 00:45:01.700 --> 00:45:05.330 website to learn more, and to download those free educational resources. 00:45:05.330 --> 00:45:11.140 So if you click on "Learn" over here and and head on down to the teacher's sub section. 00:45:11.140 --> 00:45:15.190 If we did not get to your question today, I know there's quite a few still left, or 00:45:15.190 --> 00:45:20.910 if you have any additional questions, feel free to email Shannon at this link down here. 00:45:20.910 --> 00:45:26.130 Her contact information and all of our contact information is also on this Monitor website. 00:45:26.130 --> 00:45:29.600 So you can email any of us really. 00:45:29.600 --> 00:45:34.740 And once captioned, a video recording of this presentation will be made available on the 00:45:34.740 --> 00:45:38.920 webinar archives page, found at the URL listed right here. 00:45:38.920 --> 00:45:43.420 In addition, the webinar will also be archived at the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary's 00:45:43.420 --> 00:45:44.420 website. 00:45:44.420 --> 00:45:48.690 You can click on the "News" section and scroll down to the archived webinars box. 00:45:48.690 --> 00:45:53.080 And you will also receive a link to the recording in a follow-up email. 00:45:53.080 --> 00:45:55.540 So I know a lot of you are asking if this was recorded. 00:45:55.540 --> 00:45:59.870 It will be and you will get it, so don't you worry. 00:45:59.870 --> 00:46:04.440 Please be sure to register for our next, please be sure to register for our next Submerged 00:46:04.440 --> 00:46:09.460 NC webinar airing next Tuesday, March 16th at 1pm. 00:46:09.460 --> 00:46:14.750 Oasis for Marine Life - Shipwrecks in 3D, by Dr. Avery Paxton. 00:46:14.750 --> 00:46:19.350 Learn about the four-year project conducted by NOAA to study fish habitats, and see how 00:46:19.350 --> 00:46:24.650 the 3D website can take you below the surface to virtually explore these shipwrights off 00:46:24.650 --> 00:46:28.330 North Carolina's coast and their associated fish communities. 00:46:28.330 --> 00:46:29.330 Really cool presentation. 00:46:29.330 --> 00:46:32.170 I personally am super excited about it. 00:46:32.170 --> 00:46:38.960 But in addition to Dr. Paxton, Submerged NC also has these upcoming webinars in the near 00:46:38.960 --> 00:46:39.960 future. 00:46:39.960 --> 00:46:44.510 Please don't forget to register for those as well. 00:46:44.510 --> 00:46:49.230 And if you did enjoy this webinar and our last webinar, please be sure to check out 00:46:49.230 --> 00:46:53.350 others in the National Marine Sanctuaries webinar series. 00:46:53.350 --> 00:46:58.550 On March 16th and 17th, join educators from the Waikiki Aquarium and NOAA's Office of 00:46:58.550 --> 00:47:03.000 National Marine Sanctuaries to learn about the new lesson plans for teachers that students 00:47:03.000 --> 00:47:06.170 can complete either virtually or in a classroom. 00:47:06.170 --> 00:47:11.020 This workshop is geared for grades three through eight, but it's open to all interested members 00:47:11.020 --> 00:47:13.140 of the public. 00:47:13.140 --> 00:47:18.500 And lastly, as you exit this webinar, there is a short survey for formal and informal 00:47:18.500 --> 00:47:19.500 educators. 00:47:19.500 --> 00:47:23.010 If you are an educator, NOAA would really appreciate it if you would take just a minute 00:47:23.010 --> 00:47:25.040 or two to complete this survey. 00:47:25.040 --> 00:47:28.800 Your answers will help NOAA develop future webinars to meet your needs. 00:47:28.800 --> 00:47:33.250 Your participation is voluntary and your answers are entirely anonymous. 00:47:33.250 --> 00:47:38.220 And once again we would like to thank Shannon for a really great presentation and sharing 00:47:38.220 --> 00:47:40.620 that really great content with us. 00:47:40.620 --> 00:47:43.080 And we'd like to thank you for joining us today. 00:47:43.080 --> 00:47:47.400 And we hope you have a wonderful weekend, and this concludes the presentation.