WEBVTT

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<v ->All right. Hello, hi, everybody.</v>

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And welcome to our third Thursday presentation.

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We have a really wonderful talk for you today,

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and thank you for joining us.

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We have people from all across the United States

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and several countries including some new ones

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such as the Tunisia, Jordan, Kiraboss.

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So all are welcome, thank you for joining us.

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So this presentation is part of the national,

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Office of National Marine Sanctuaries webinars series

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and also the Mokupapapa Discovery Center's

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third Thursday presentation series.

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And the National Marine Sanctuary System manages sites

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across our country.

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We have several sites

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on the Eastern side of the United States,

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such as Stellwagen Bank,

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Mallows Bay is the newest, one of the newest ones,

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Monitor, Gray's Reef, Florida Keys, (indistinct) Keys,

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Flower Garden Banks.

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We have Greater Farallones, Cordell Bank, Monterey Bay

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on the West Coast.

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Here in the Pacific,

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we have two sanctuaries, two sites in Hawaii,

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the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale

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National Marine Sanctuary,

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Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, that I work for

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and our co-facilitators work for.

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as well as we have American Samoa down South of us

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and also a Marine National Monument down there.

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We work for Papahanaumokuakea

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and we're the world's largest fully marine protected area.

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And we span 583,000 square miles

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of the Central Pacific, Central-North Pacific Ocean.

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And we protect the area for many, many unique species

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such as monk seals, green sea turtles,

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a lot of unique island species in this region.

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And it's also a very important cultural place

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for native Hawaiians,

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particularly the first two islands of Nihoa

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and Mokumanamana,

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where there are the highest concentrations

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of ceremonial sites in the entire archipelago.

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So I'll ask Malia and Justin to turn on their webcams

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and join us briefly.

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So these are our hosts for this presentation.

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Malia Evans is our Education and Native Hawaiian Outreach

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Program Coordinator.

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And I am Andy Collins.

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I'm the Education Coordinator

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for Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument,

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working in Hilo at the Mokupapapa Discovery Center.

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And also Justin Umholtz who is our Education Coordinator

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over at Mokupapapa Discovery Center.

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And so these folks will be handling your questions.

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Any technical issues you might have,

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please if you have any problems with your audio

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or anything like that,

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please type them into,

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into the question box or into the chat.

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Oh, here we go, their webinars are coming on the webcams.

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And they will do their best to help you

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and to,

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to get your audio working.

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Typically audio problems are what people have

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but it doesn't look like we're having problems right now.

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So that's good.

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So here's our center over in Hilo,

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our Mokupapapa Discovery Center.

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We have a wonderful 3,500 gallon saltwater aquarium.

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We are the only visitor center for Papahanaumokuakea

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and we greet about 70,000 visitors per year when we're open.

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Of course, like many places were closed right now

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due to the pandemic,

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but we've been conducting these virtual presentations

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and other things to reach out to our audience.

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So thank you so very much for joining us.

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And if you ever get over to Hilo in the future,

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please make sure to visit us right there on the Bay front,

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on beautiful Hilo Bay.

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But all of our sites across the country,

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all the National Marine Sanctuary sites

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and Marine National Monuments

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protect these areas for many different reasons.

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One of which is biodiversity.

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These are some of the richest marine sites on the planet.

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Also there very many unique shipwrecks

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and other maritime heritage resources

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in this sites that we protect.

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Some of them are dedicated mostly to maritime heritage

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such as Thunder Bay and the Great Lakes.

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And out here in Papahanaumokuakea

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we have over, you know, dozens shipwrecks

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dating back to the whaling era and prior to that.

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Also this is a picture from Mokumanamana

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of some of those unique operates on the island,

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the ceremonial site.

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The whole island is essentially a large ceremonial site

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composed of multiple different components.

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But many sites protect cultural heritage in their locations.

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They also provide shelter and unique spaces for,

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like here we have two, my Hawaiian monk seal

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and green tea turtle, not following social distancing.

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This was prior to the pandemic (laughs).

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But these are special resting places for those animals.

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We also do a lot of education programs

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such as this webinar outreach

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at different events and online.

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And research in these sites.

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We do quite a bit of research on how are the sites doing?

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What are some of the unique animals?

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What questions can we ask to help management

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of those special sites?

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And how can we gain those answers to research programs?

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Monitoring for things such as changes, like climate change.

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We monitor a site to understand

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what the impacts of climate change, marine debris,

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and things like that.

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We also have a really lot of unique

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resource protection programs such as down here on the coral,

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in the Florida Keys, they do some really unique work

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in out planting of corals to restore damaged reefs

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or reefs that have been damaged

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by like boats running a ground or things like that.

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And in this time of COVID when we're all stressed

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and really, you know, losing our place in a lot of ways

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(indistinct)

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it's very important to reconnect with nature

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and to reconnect with our spiritual sense.

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And National Marine Sanctuaries

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provide a wonderful place to do that.

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Whether it's through diving, kayaking

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or just going on a hike

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and reconnecting with your inner spiritual sense

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and external spiritual sense.

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So these places provide that.

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And lastly, we can't do any of this without our volunteers.

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We have huge volunteer programs across the program.

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And these people help us to do citizen science,

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cleanup marine debris.

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There are docents in our discovery centers

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and other things.

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So if you wanna volunteer, please reach out to any of us.

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But today, and I'll ask the presenters

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to turn their webcams off,

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we have a special presentation

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about How NASA Satellites Help Protect the Coral Reefs

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of Papahanaumokuakea.

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And we have four wonderful presenters for you.

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We have Anna Ballasiotes

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who is a recent graduate from Oregon State University,

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and that's in Geography,

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specializing in remote sensing of coastal pollution

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and populations marginalized by conflict.

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She'll be our main presenter.

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Keo Lopes who worked in our office.

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He's a JIMAR/PMNM Field Tech and Remote Sensing PhD student

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at UH Manoa.

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Ginah Tran, who is a recent graduate

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from University of California Berkeley

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with a BA in Geography,

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and specialization in Earth System Science

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and Geographic Information Systems.

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And last but not least, Taylor Orcutt,

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who let us know that he will be graduating this week

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from, you know, UC Berkeley.

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And by Monday, he should have his degree in hand.

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At this point though,

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he's still finishing his undergrad degree

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with a major in Ecosystem Management and Forestry.

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So I will turn it over to Anna.

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If you turned on your webcams.

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(indistinct)

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Hold on for one second while we switch presenters.

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And I will turn off my webcam.

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So enjoy the talk

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<v ->Great.</v>

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Team is this, can we see this all properly?

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(team chattering)

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Great.

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I'll pass it to Keo who is starting off our presentation.

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<v ->Hallo, hi, good morning.</v>

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And thank you, Andy and the team

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for that gracious introduction to our team.

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First of all, I'd like to thank the team

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for making my NASA DEVELOP experience amazing.

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I didn't think we could accomplish as much as we did

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in this short 10-week time.

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It was a great experience for me

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and I enjoyed working with you guys.

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I'm kinda getting sentimental here

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because this is technically our last scheduled talk

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with our group together.

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I'd like to quickly just describe

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the NASA DEVELOP Program.

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It's a nation,

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nationwide program run by NASA

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that promotes the use of remote sensing tools

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and the earth observation systems of NASA

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by cultivating students

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and anyone who's interested in remote sensing

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for this 10-week internship

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that's usually based at the NASA sites,

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but obviously it was remote for the last two

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sessions.

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Our program was ran out of the NASA Ames Research Center

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in California.

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And our lead was Dr. Juan Perez-Torres,

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Juan Torres-Perez, apologies.

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And that's where we met virtually.

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Our project was Hawaii water resources

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which is about what we're going to explain to you shortly.

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Our title was Utilizing NASA Earth Observation

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to Assess Ocean Conditions

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to Analyze the Spread of Nuisance Red Algae,

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Chondria Tumulosa,

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in Papahanaumokaukea Marine National Monument.

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That image is a screenshot of our product.

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So I'd like to just elaborate a little bit

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on what Andy has mentioned already

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about the monument,

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particularly our study area

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which is one of the atolls, Manawai,

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otherwise known as Pearl and Hermes Atoll.

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It's more northerly central relocated in the monument,

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and that was our primary study area

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due to the discovery of this Chondria tumulosa.

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Our satellite imagery availability and study period

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was January '13 to October '20th.

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And the product that the team made,

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will continuously the oceanographic information

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you guys will see in the tool.

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And to confirm what Andy said earlier,

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I'd like to just convert the protected conservation area

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into SI units

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and translate it to 1.5 million square kilometers

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of protected area.

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And

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it protects the majority of the US

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coral reef ecosystems.

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And as Andy mentioned,

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it's the host to a wide variety of endemic species

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and endangered species in Hawaii.

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I think one of the more important designations

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of our monument is the UNESCO World Heritage Mixed Site

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designation.

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It is only one of 39 sites in the world

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that has both cultural and natural designations

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to team outstanding universal value for the world.

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And that is pretty amazing in my mind.

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We have native Hawaiian sites as Andy mentioned earlier,

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for Polynesian navigation.

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We have a lot of whaling heritage

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that is now at the bottom of the ocean in the monument

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for their final resting place,

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as well as our natural,

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natural environmental species.

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So when the team usually goes

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to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands,

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we're usually disconnected from the city life and the world

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and go on this amazing tour of research and discovery,

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but on our last expedition up there,

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it was quite devastating.

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00:13:55.470 --> 00:13:58.580
And I feel it saddened in many of us

265
00:13:58.580 --> 00:14:00.520
while we were out there.

266
00:14:00.520 --> 00:14:03.323
We discovered this Chondria tumulosa,

267
00:14:05.008 --> 00:14:07.230
a newly discovered species of

268
00:14:08.980 --> 00:14:09.813
algae

269
00:14:09.813 --> 00:14:14.813
that has blanketed mass amounts of coral reefs

270
00:14:14.960 --> 00:14:16.773
up in the monument at Manawai.

271
00:14:18.680 --> 00:14:22.700
So this has the potential for devastating consequences

272
00:14:22.700 --> 00:14:27.030
and all management partners are very concerned

273
00:14:27.030 --> 00:14:28.170
with the potential damage

274
00:14:28.170 --> 00:14:32.153
that this species could and is causing.

275
00:14:37.180 --> 00:14:39.640
Because the site is extremely remote

276
00:14:39.640 --> 00:14:44.070
and difficult to study constantly,

277
00:14:44.070 --> 00:14:46.510
we turned to satellite imagery.

278
00:14:46.510 --> 00:14:50.510
And that's where NASA has stepped in to partner with NOAA

279
00:14:50.510 --> 00:14:52.530
and the Fish in Wildlife Service,

280
00:14:52.530 --> 00:14:54.160
to start this project

281
00:14:54.160 --> 00:14:54.993
and

282
00:14:56.020 --> 00:14:59.710
assemble this team of crack, young,

283
00:14:59.710 --> 00:15:02.230
scientific, geographic minds.

284
00:15:02.230 --> 00:15:04.977
And that included myself to help them along (laughs).

285
00:15:06.790 --> 00:15:10.950
So our project was to see if we could determine

286
00:15:10.950 --> 00:15:13.130
the causes of this outbreak

287
00:15:13.130 --> 00:15:14.310
and see if we could

288
00:15:16.230 --> 00:15:20.163
determine if this outbreak will continue or not.

289
00:15:22.300 --> 00:15:24.630
So we have some field data.

290
00:15:24.630 --> 00:15:28.510
The picture that you see before you is in situ data

291
00:15:28.510 --> 00:15:30.720
that was collected in 2019.

292
00:15:30.720 --> 00:15:33.000
There's basically spot visual checks

293
00:15:33.000 --> 00:15:35.140
at each of these points.

294
00:15:35.140 --> 00:15:39.800
So the redder the dot, the more percent cover it was.

295
00:15:39.800 --> 00:15:43.790
And to me there's these hot spot regions

296
00:15:43.790 --> 00:15:44.680
where the

297
00:15:46.560 --> 00:15:50.980
algae was in high percent cover

298
00:15:50.980 --> 00:15:52.963
up to a 100% cover.

299
00:15:54.200 --> 00:15:58.200
The reports say it was pretty well swamped

300
00:15:58.200 --> 00:15:59.950
and everything under it was dead

301
00:15:59.950 --> 00:16:02.490
at these particular locations.

302
00:16:02.490 --> 00:16:04.110
So we had this to go on

303
00:16:06.070 --> 00:16:06.903
and

304
00:16:09.090 --> 00:16:13.160
to utilize in conjunction with the NASA satellite data.

305
00:16:13.160 --> 00:16:18.160
Our project objectives was to develop, no pun intended,

306
00:16:18.970 --> 00:16:23.970
a user interface that was easily used and free to access.

307
00:16:24.020 --> 00:16:28.093
So the platform chosen was Google Earth Engine.

308
00:16:29.480 --> 00:16:32.880
And we chose to look at the products

309
00:16:32.880 --> 00:16:37.880
that NASA's earth observation systems could calculate,

310
00:16:38.760 --> 00:16:42.860
which is chlorophyll- a, sea surface temperature,

311
00:16:42.860 --> 00:16:45.910
wind velocity, salinity,

312
00:16:45.910 --> 00:16:48.730
and various other products,

313
00:16:48.730 --> 00:16:51.523
along with the remote sensing reflectance,

314
00:16:53.060 --> 00:16:54.670
and combine it with their in situ data

315
00:16:54.670 --> 00:16:56.853
to see if we could see any correlations.

316
00:16:58.530 --> 00:17:02.070
Our partners for this project

317
00:17:02.070 --> 00:17:02.903
was

318
00:17:04.100 --> 00:17:06.544
Kauaoa Fraiola at Fish and Wildlife Service.

319
00:17:06.544 --> 00:17:11.240
And Jonathan Martinez spearheaded this proposal,

320
00:17:11.240 --> 00:17:14.100
presented it to NASA DEVELOP team

321
00:17:14.100 --> 00:17:15.970
where Juan

322
00:17:17.520 --> 00:17:20.860
decided that it was a worthy project,

323
00:17:20.860 --> 00:17:24.933
and that was the birth of this NASA DEVELOP partnership.

324
00:17:31.130 --> 00:17:35.023
And here's the time for the first poll question.

325
00:17:36.000 --> 00:17:39.150
What is the Western name of Manawai?

326
00:17:41.119 --> 00:17:45.620
<v ->Okay. So what is the Western name of Manawai?</v>

327
00:17:45.620 --> 00:17:49.710
Your choices are Pearl and Hermes Atoll,

328
00:17:49.710 --> 00:17:51.530
French Frigate Shoals,

329
00:17:51.530 --> 00:17:53.110
Midway Atoll

330
00:17:53.110 --> 00:17:54.053
or Necker Island.

331
00:17:55.200 --> 00:17:56.660
If you're in full screen mode,

332
00:17:56.660 --> 00:17:59.440
you wanna pop out using your control panel

333
00:17:59.440 --> 00:18:00.940
to answer this poll.

334
00:18:00.940 --> 00:18:04.563
So go ahead. I see lots of people are responding.

335
00:18:05.991 --> 00:18:09.283
We'll do about five more seconds.

336
00:18:11.580 --> 00:18:15.120
And we look like we have a definite winner here.

337
00:18:15.120 --> 00:18:17.790
So I'm going to close the poll

338
00:18:19.180 --> 00:18:22.530
and kill your results.

339
00:18:22.530 --> 00:18:23.623
Here they are.

340
00:18:26.620 --> 00:18:29.490
Pearl and Hermes Atoll at 68%.

341
00:18:29.490 --> 00:18:31.023
People were paying attention.

342
00:18:36.300 --> 00:18:37.413
And back to you.

343
00:18:41.510 --> 00:18:43.800
<v ->Good job guys. Good job</v>

344
00:18:43.800 --> 00:18:48.163
I will hand it off to Taylor to describe the tool.

345
00:18:49.630 --> 00:18:52.400
<v ->So to address many of our concerns,</v>

346
00:18:52.400 --> 00:18:55.010
specifically with how remote the area is,

347
00:18:55.010 --> 00:18:57.060
we created a tool within Google Engine

348
00:18:57.060 --> 00:18:58.770
named the CORALS tool,

349
00:18:58.770 --> 00:19:00.420
to monitor the area

350
00:19:00.420 --> 00:19:02.710
and track certain ocean conditions and parameters.

351
00:19:02.710 --> 00:19:04.660
Some of which kind of make (indistinct)

352
00:19:04.660 --> 00:19:06.630
that may or may not be connected to the growth

353
00:19:06.630 --> 00:19:09.670
and spread of Chondria tumulosa.

354
00:19:09.670 --> 00:19:10.830
CORALS, standing for

355
00:19:10.830 --> 00:19:13.273
the Conditions Observed in Red Algae Spread.

356
00:19:15.230 --> 00:19:18.580
So we used a variety of different sensors

357
00:19:18.580 --> 00:19:20.860
and satellites to acquire our data.

358
00:19:20.860 --> 00:19:22.707
The ones that we used primarily in terms of satellites

359
00:19:22.707 --> 00:19:26.490
that were used, notice, Aqua and Terra satellites.

360
00:19:26.490 --> 00:19:29.670
We used VIIRS and we used Sentinel-3.

361
00:19:29.670 --> 00:19:30.503
We used multiple satellites

362
00:19:30.503 --> 00:19:34.090
because they both allowed us to track different parameters

363
00:19:34.090 --> 00:19:36.400
and to track them at different resolutions.

364
00:19:36.400 --> 00:19:40.170
So MODIS has a daily resolution chlorophyll-a

365
00:19:40.170 --> 00:19:44.460
with a spatial resolution of about four kilometers.

366
00:19:44.460 --> 00:19:46.310
VIIRS had another daily resolution

367
00:19:46.310 --> 00:19:48.720
and that was a little bit finer, at one kilometer.

368
00:19:48.720 --> 00:19:51.250
Sentinel-3 had the highest resolution

369
00:19:51.250 --> 00:19:53.640
of a 300-meter resolution.

370
00:19:53.640 --> 00:19:56.720
But the issue with selenophile

371
00:19:56.720 --> 00:20:00.050
was that it was only counting chlorophyll-a as radians

372
00:20:00.050 --> 00:20:02.096
and not correct it to the actual (indistinct).

373
00:20:02.096 --> 00:20:03.830
So we're not actually seeing real values

374
00:20:03.830 --> 00:20:06.406
which is why we also utilized VIRRS and MODIS,

375
00:20:06.406 --> 00:20:09.690
so that we could get actual concentration values

376
00:20:09.690 --> 00:20:13.693
even if they are slightly less fine resolution.

377
00:20:13.693 --> 00:20:15.563
Can you go to the next slide.

378
00:20:20.640 --> 00:20:22.210
Oh, sorry (indistinct).

379
00:20:22.210 --> 00:20:25.830
So we also do used NOAA's Climate Data Record

380
00:20:25.830 --> 00:20:27.330
or the NOAA CDR,

381
00:20:27.330 --> 00:20:31.940
and the National Ocean Partnership Program's

382
00:20:31.940 --> 00:20:34.010
Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model.

383
00:20:34.010 --> 00:20:36.920
These allowed us to see things like sea surface temperature,

384
00:20:36.920 --> 00:20:39.580
velocity, salinity, and sea surface height

385
00:20:39.580 --> 00:20:42.190
to give us a more broad picture of what we're looking at

386
00:20:42.190 --> 00:20:43.573
and from mutual parameters.

387
00:20:47.650 --> 00:20:48.510
So the other tool,

388
00:20:48.510 --> 00:20:50.950
we had several steps that the tool went through.

389
00:20:50.950 --> 00:20:52.830
First was our data acquisition.

390
00:20:52.830 --> 00:20:55.843
We gathered, like I said, Sentinel-3, Aqua and Terra MODIS,

391
00:20:55.843 --> 00:20:59.050
VIIRS, HYCOM, and NOAA CDR data.

392
00:20:59.050 --> 00:21:02.250
From there, we got parameters like chlorophyll-a,

393
00:21:02.250 --> 00:21:06.770
Kd 490, water velocity, salinity, sea surface elevation,

394
00:21:06.770 --> 00:21:08.920
and sea surface temperature.

395
00:21:08.920 --> 00:21:11.590
From there, we created our outputs,

396
00:21:11.590 --> 00:21:15.110
those being a visualization of these ocean conditions

397
00:21:15.110 --> 00:21:16.330
over time.

398
00:21:16.330 --> 00:21:19.900
And we allowed it to create time series graphs

399
00:21:19.900 --> 00:21:22.270
with specified data and ocean conditions

400
00:21:22.270 --> 00:21:23.470
that the user can select.

401
00:21:23.470 --> 00:21:24.940
If you go to the next slide,

402
00:21:24.940 --> 00:21:27.333
we can see a little bit of the tool in action.

403
00:21:28.890 --> 00:21:31.140
Oh, nevermind. We have a poll question first.

404
00:21:34.130 --> 00:21:38.253
<v ->All right. So here we have our second poll.</v>

405
00:21:39.400 --> 00:21:40.580
And the question is,

406
00:21:40.580 --> 00:21:43.610
there are two major types of satellite resolution,

407
00:21:43.610 --> 00:21:47.840
spatial and temporal, which one refers to time?

408
00:21:47.840 --> 00:21:51.713
So go ahead and register your vote.

409
00:21:52.980 --> 00:21:54.560
Lots of people are voting

410
00:21:56.849 --> 00:21:59.790
And we'll give it another five seconds.

411
00:22:03.250 --> 00:22:04.330
And it looks like,

412
00:22:04.330 --> 00:22:07.790
oh, about three quarters of you have voted so far.

413
00:22:07.790 --> 00:22:09.913
All right. I'm gonna close the poll.

414
00:22:11.070 --> 00:22:13.183
And your results, Taylor,

415
00:22:14.618 --> 00:22:17.133
are 92% temporal.

416
00:22:17.133 --> 00:22:22.133
<v ->All right. Good job everyone.</v>

417
00:22:29.920 --> 00:22:32.470
<v ->Oh, and here we go for poll number three.</v>

418
00:22:32.470 --> 00:22:34.240
You guys haven't had much time to rest.

419
00:22:34.240 --> 00:22:37.760
Okay. Here we gonna go into our third one.

420
00:22:37.760 --> 00:22:38.593
So

421
00:22:39.710 --> 00:22:40.703
let's see.

422
00:22:41.670 --> 00:22:44.490
Satellite imagery collects spectral imagery.

423
00:22:44.490 --> 00:22:47.560
Which spectral range do humans see in?

424
00:22:47.560 --> 00:22:49.540
So go ahead and register your vote.

425
00:22:49.540 --> 00:22:52.710
380 to 700 nanometers

426
00:22:52.710 --> 00:22:57.300
or 700 to 900 nanometers.

427
00:22:57.300 --> 00:22:58.390
All right. We've had about,

428
00:22:58.390 --> 00:23:01.310
we'll give them 10 more seconds.

429
00:23:01.310 --> 00:23:04.360
We've only had about 40% voting.

430
00:23:04.360 --> 00:23:07.803
Okay. The numbers are rising, about half of you have voted.

431
00:23:10.180 --> 00:23:12.380
Oh, and see, we don't have the other enters,

432
00:23:13.600 --> 00:23:15.360
unfortunately, it's not showing on here

433
00:23:15.360 --> 00:23:17.253
but you actually have four choices.

434
00:23:21.520 --> 00:23:26.520
All right. And so the third choice is 900 to 1100 nanometers

435
00:23:26.890 --> 00:23:31.143
and 220 to 370 nanometers.

436
00:23:33.170 --> 00:23:37.313
All right. I'm gonna close out this poll.

437
00:23:39.210 --> 00:23:41.130
And let's see what the results were.

438
00:23:41.130 --> 00:23:44.713
Unfortunately, we couldn't see the last two choices.

439
00:23:46.118 --> 00:23:49.290
Well, let's see what the attendees.

440
00:23:49.290 --> 00:23:53.983
All right. So 60% said 380 to 700 nanometers.

441
00:23:54.990 --> 00:23:56.203
And back to you, Taylor.

442
00:24:02.040 --> 00:24:05.050
<v ->All right. So here we have a short video</v>

443
00:24:05.050 --> 00:24:06.280
showing a bit of our tool.

444
00:24:06.280 --> 00:24:08.070
We'll show first half in one slide,

445
00:24:08.070 --> 00:24:10.520
and then the second half we may amplify.

446
00:24:10.520 --> 00:24:12.550
So just a brief overview

447
00:24:12.550 --> 00:24:14.350
of the Google invention infrastructure.

448
00:24:14.350 --> 00:24:17.080
So we have that layer that are just hovered over.

449
00:24:17.080 --> 00:24:18.490
On the left side, we have a panel

450
00:24:18.490 --> 00:24:20.530
where the user can change the location

451
00:24:20.530 --> 00:24:21.580
that they're looking at,

452
00:24:21.580 --> 00:24:23.660
whether they're looking at the entire monument

453
00:24:23.660 --> 00:24:25.270
in that red outline,

454
00:24:25.270 --> 00:24:28.187
or if they're looking at the specific atolls

455
00:24:28.187 --> 00:24:30.010
and different things within it.

456
00:24:30.010 --> 00:24:32.460
On the map, we have two things probably draw,

457
00:24:32.460 --> 00:24:34.840
which is an outline of the National Monument

458
00:24:34.840 --> 00:24:38.660
and a International Date Line which comes into play

459
00:24:38.660 --> 00:24:39.827
when you're exporting some of the data.

460
00:24:39.827 --> 00:24:41.580
The International Date Line messes with it,

461
00:24:41.580 --> 00:24:42.740
so we wanted to put that there

462
00:24:42.740 --> 00:24:45.500
so our users aren't running into any errors.

463
00:24:45.500 --> 00:24:46.790
So now we're over on the right side

464
00:24:46.790 --> 00:24:49.220
where the user does most of their interacting.

465
00:24:49.220 --> 00:24:50.603
So we have description of what's going on.

466
00:24:50.603 --> 00:24:52.680
But there, we can see they're selecting

467
00:24:52.680 --> 00:24:54.153
from a variety of different parameters

468
00:24:54.153 --> 00:24:56.210
that they can choose from.

469
00:24:56.210 --> 00:24:57.310
And then once they select that

470
00:24:57.310 --> 00:24:59.260
they can choose what satellite they want

471
00:24:59.260 --> 00:25:01.020
with the resolution displayed.

472
00:25:01.020 --> 00:25:02.910
That'll display a color bar,

473
00:25:02.910 --> 00:25:05.590
which can show you proper ideas for your values,

474
00:25:05.590 --> 00:25:06.870
which is a composite line.

475
00:25:06.870 --> 00:25:09.300
And they can display that composite on the map.

476
00:25:09.300 --> 00:25:10.780
We'll start to draw right away,

477
00:25:10.780 --> 00:25:12.372
give it some time if you're ever using the tool

478
00:25:12.372 --> 00:25:13.474
and it's speed is slow.

479
00:25:13.474 --> 00:25:15.040
It does take a little bit.

480
00:25:15.040 --> 00:25:16.453
It'll help draw your composite map on there

481
00:25:16.453 --> 00:25:18.800
so you can help visualize it.

482
00:25:18.800 --> 00:25:21.290
Up here, we can play with the transparency

483
00:25:21.290 --> 00:25:23.720
so we can kind of see what's going on below,

484
00:25:23.720 --> 00:25:25.910
especially when you have that brightening of color,

485
00:25:25.910 --> 00:25:29.270
it's nice to see what you're looking at underneath.

486
00:25:30.380 --> 00:25:32.370
And then, like I said before,

487
00:25:32.370 --> 00:25:34.170
we can move around to the different atolls

488
00:25:34.170 --> 00:25:36.270
in different areas, along the monument,

489
00:25:36.270 --> 00:25:39.250
with the dropdown over on the left hand side.

490
00:25:39.250 --> 00:25:40.810
This allows you to, you know,

491
00:25:40.810 --> 00:25:43.030
see how each of the monuments are doing

492
00:25:43.030 --> 00:25:45.167
and just really get an idea of exactly where you are

493
00:25:45.167 --> 00:25:46.970
and not just where you,

494
00:25:46.970 --> 00:25:49.100
roughly are based on your ability to, you know,

495
00:25:49.100 --> 00:25:51.793
scroll in and scroll out on the monument.

496
00:25:58.960 --> 00:26:00.753
So then below that,

497
00:26:02.410 --> 00:26:05.990
the left hand slider is a download, import button.

498
00:26:05.990 --> 00:26:06.960
If we click that,

499
00:26:06.960 --> 00:26:10.080
it'll take what you're actually looking at on the map,

500
00:26:10.080 --> 00:26:11.620
and we'll create an ability

501
00:26:11.620 --> 00:26:15.530
for you to download an exportable image

502
00:26:15.530 --> 00:26:20.520
and TIFF file or, you know, geographically referenced data

503
00:26:20.520 --> 00:26:22.310
that you could then export and work with

504
00:26:22.310 --> 00:26:25.342
in a program like Arc and something else.

505
00:26:25.342 --> 00:26:27.080
And I think what we're trying to display here

506
00:26:27.080 --> 00:26:29.810
is just that the data is global.

507
00:26:29.810 --> 00:26:31.393
So it does extend beyond the reach

508
00:26:31.393 --> 00:26:33.480
of what you're looking at immediately,

509
00:26:33.480 --> 00:26:34.320
but it's only gonna draw

510
00:26:34.320 --> 00:26:37.180
what you're looking at in that moment in time.

511
00:26:37.180 --> 00:26:38.013
So here we can see

512
00:26:38.013 --> 00:26:39.860
that you can also change what you're looking at.

513
00:26:39.860 --> 00:26:41.150
So if you wanna solve it chlorophyll

514
00:26:41.150 --> 00:26:43.074
but now you wanna specifically get the VIIRS

515
00:26:43.074 --> 00:26:44.800
so a higher resolution,

516
00:26:44.800 --> 00:26:46.930
you can change that as much as you want.

517
00:26:46.930 --> 00:26:48.570
It's gonna draw the layer.

518
00:26:48.570 --> 00:26:49.403
Keep in mind,

519
00:26:49.403 --> 00:26:52.243
it's gonna add the layer on top of your pre-existing one.

520
00:26:53.150 --> 00:26:55.510
So you're still gonna get that data there,

521
00:26:55.510 --> 00:26:57.810
but your other layer that you were looking at before

522
00:26:57.810 --> 00:27:00.100
from the Lotus data is just hidden beneath that.

523
00:27:00.100 --> 00:27:02.663
And like it's showing, you can play with the transparency,

524
00:27:02.663 --> 00:27:04.941
that kind of, see that still showing

525
00:27:04.941 --> 00:27:06.223
they're on the bottom.

526
00:27:15.230 --> 00:27:18.630
And that is utilizing the download, import button.

527
00:27:18.630 --> 00:27:20.100
Like I mentioned earlier,

528
00:27:20.100 --> 00:27:22.020
this will take you out to an external tab,

529
00:27:22.020 --> 00:27:24.970
which will pop up a way for you to download

530
00:27:24.970 --> 00:27:26.920
and save the file on your computer.

531
00:27:26.920 --> 00:27:28.570
Which you could then work with later

532
00:27:28.570 --> 00:27:30.720
to either analyze the specific values

533
00:27:30.720 --> 00:27:34.636
or to create maps for public viewing and information.

534
00:27:34.636 --> 00:27:35.790
You can go to the next slide

535
00:27:35.790 --> 00:27:37.540
to see the second half of the tool.

536
00:27:42.150 --> 00:27:45.470
So in the second half, is the time series graph, half of it.

537
00:27:45.470 --> 00:27:46.840
So first part of it,

538
00:27:46.840 --> 00:27:49.220
you're working with building your composites.

539
00:27:49.220 --> 00:27:51.840
And on the second half, you can create a time series graph.

540
00:27:51.840 --> 00:27:54.310
This doesn't necessarily have to impact at all

541
00:27:54.310 --> 00:27:55.480
what you're doing with the deposits.

542
00:27:55.480 --> 00:27:58.210
You can (indistinct) and time series graphs

543
00:27:58.210 --> 00:27:59.730
but that's a totally different thing.

544
00:27:59.730 --> 00:28:01.400
But at the same basic idea,

545
00:28:01.400 --> 00:28:02.930
you choose your parameter,

546
00:28:02.930 --> 00:28:05.290
you choose your resolution of the satellite,

547
00:28:05.290 --> 00:28:07.940
and you set how long you want your graph to look for.

548
00:28:08.850 --> 00:28:10.280
Essentially you'll choose a starting date

549
00:28:10.280 --> 00:28:12.920
and see how far after you want to.

550
00:28:12.920 --> 00:28:15.780
Then we can also sort the region, we have two options,

551
00:28:15.780 --> 00:28:17.190
one of them is a point of interest

552
00:28:17.190 --> 00:28:19.917
and one of them is the entire monument.

553
00:28:19.917 --> 00:28:22.040
Monument justice means wherever you click

554
00:28:22.040 --> 00:28:23.673
or wherever you're viewing in the middle of your screen

555
00:28:23.673 --> 00:28:26.450
it's gonna draw a 20-meter buffer around it,

556
00:28:26.450 --> 00:28:28.260
and create times you've checked for that.

557
00:28:28.260 --> 00:28:30.550
So this might be helpful if you're specifically looking

558
00:28:30.550 --> 00:28:34.130
at what Manawai's, levels you're looking at for the year.

559
00:28:34.130 --> 00:28:36.070
Or if you wanna see what the entire monument is looking at

560
00:28:36.070 --> 00:28:37.530
for the year, you could change the region

561
00:28:37.530 --> 00:28:39.773
to the entire Papahanaumokuakea Monument.

562
00:28:41.690 --> 00:28:42.523
<v ->Hey, Taylor.</v>
<v ->Yes.</v>

563
00:28:42.523 --> 00:28:44.380
<v ->Sorry to interrupt you for a second.</v>

564
00:28:44.380 --> 00:28:47.414
Can you move your mic, maybe a little closer to your mouth,

565
00:28:47.414 --> 00:28:49.860
your audio is a little muddy.

566
00:28:49.860 --> 00:28:52.518
Try that if-
<v ->Is this better?</v>

567
00:28:52.518 --> 00:28:53.816
<v ->Yeah. I think that's better.</v>
<v ->Awesome.</v>

568
00:28:53.816 --> 00:28:54.970
<v ->Thank you.</v>

569
00:28:54.970 --> 00:28:57.000
<v ->No. Thank you so much.</v>

570
00:28:57.000 --> 00:28:58.830
So yeah. Back to the tool,

571
00:28:58.830 --> 00:29:02.080
we can see, we have a little tab

572
00:29:02.080 --> 00:29:06.530
that opens up showing your time series graph over here

573
00:29:06.530 --> 00:29:09.850
which you can download as either CSPs or PNGs

574
00:29:09.850 --> 00:29:11.510
to work with even later if you like

575
00:29:11.510 --> 00:29:13.800
and to analyze the data further.

576
00:29:13.800 --> 00:29:17.300
So now the user is changing it to the entire monument.

577
00:29:17.300 --> 00:29:20.040
So there's time where we're gonna look at the values,

578
00:29:20.040 --> 00:29:22.940
not just within your small little buffered point of interest

579
00:29:22.940 --> 00:29:24.480
but your entire monument

580
00:29:24.480 --> 00:29:26.420
to see how the whole thing changes

581
00:29:26.420 --> 00:29:28.860
across that six-month period that we're working with.

582
00:29:28.860 --> 00:29:32.230
And also just add the graph underneath of your first one.

583
00:29:32.230 --> 00:29:34.110
There is a clear graphs button there,

584
00:29:34.110 --> 00:29:35.891
if you ever have so many graphs working with

585
00:29:35.891 --> 00:29:36.853
that you're getting a little bit lost.

586
00:29:36.853 --> 00:29:39.780
You can just clear them out and start fresh

587
00:29:39.780 --> 00:29:41.640
and just kind of get a better idea

588
00:29:41.640 --> 00:29:44.370
of what your data is looking like.

589
00:29:44.370 --> 00:29:46.110
We hope this is really helpful

590
00:29:46.110 --> 00:29:48.680
for users to be able to analyze,

591
00:29:48.680 --> 00:29:51.270
not just what's going on right now with the composites,

592
00:29:51.270 --> 00:29:54.190
but also look at some historical data and some trend data

593
00:29:54.190 --> 00:29:57.493
to get a better idea of what's going on within the monument.

594
00:30:03.370 --> 00:30:05.090
<v ->Okay, everyone.</v>

595
00:30:05.090 --> 00:30:05.923
Thank you, Taylor

596
00:30:05.923 --> 00:30:07.670
for your wonderful explanation of our tool.

597
00:30:07.670 --> 00:30:10.520
We're very excited to pass this tool onto our partners

598
00:30:10.520 --> 00:30:11.830
and help them make decisions

599
00:30:11.830 --> 00:30:14.430
for future expeditions into the field.

600
00:30:14.430 --> 00:30:18.520
And just to reiterate, the great thing about the tool

601
00:30:18.520 --> 00:30:20.367
is that all you need is the link for the tool,

602
00:30:20.367 --> 00:30:21.730
and everybody can use it.

603
00:30:21.730 --> 00:30:24.390
Anybody who wants to collaborate with us on this problem

604
00:30:24.390 --> 00:30:26.920
and you don't need an expensive software like ArcGIS

605
00:30:26.920 --> 00:30:28.830
if you wanted to use the tool.

606
00:30:28.830 --> 00:30:32.250
So now we're going to move on to the Statistical Analysis

607
00:30:32.250 --> 00:30:33.890
portion of the presentation

608
00:30:33.890 --> 00:30:36.363
and talk about some preliminary data and numbers

609
00:30:36.363 --> 00:30:38.880
that we crunched together for our partners.

610
00:30:38.880 --> 00:30:40.940
Are you guys able to hear me clearly?

611
00:30:40.940 --> 00:30:41.773
Is it okay?

612
00:30:43.084 --> 00:30:44.770
(indistinct chattering)

613
00:30:44.770 --> 00:30:47.330
Okay. So next slide.

614
00:30:47.330 --> 00:30:49.890
We had three main goals that we wanted to accomplish

615
00:30:49.890 --> 00:30:51.160
with our analysis.

616
00:30:51.160 --> 00:30:53.320
So first we wanted to validate the tool

617
00:30:53.320 --> 00:30:55.260
by comparing the temperature data

618
00:30:55.260 --> 00:30:56.920
that you can get from the tool

619
00:30:56.920 --> 00:30:59.000
with actual in situ recordings

620
00:30:59.910 --> 00:31:03.710
to see if it's reliable and if it's similar and useful.

621
00:31:03.710 --> 00:31:06.630
And second, we wanted to compare the temperature data

622
00:31:06.630 --> 00:31:07.970
where the alga is present

623
00:31:07.970 --> 00:31:10.340
versus the areas that do not have the alga

624
00:31:10.340 --> 00:31:11.950
around Manawai Atoll.

625
00:31:11.950 --> 00:31:13.830
To see if they are different.

626
00:31:13.830 --> 00:31:16.140
If there's something going on that we don't know about.

627
00:31:16.140 --> 00:31:17.010
And lastly,

628
00:31:17.010 --> 00:31:20.010
we wanted to examine the TransForce sea surface temperature

629
00:31:20.010 --> 00:31:21.420
and chlorophyll-a

630
00:31:21.420 --> 00:31:24.050
and just see their patterns and see if there's any changes

631
00:31:24.050 --> 00:31:26.560
in the last couple of years to confirm our theory,

632
00:31:26.560 --> 00:31:28.130
that these two parameters

633
00:31:28.130 --> 00:31:31.000
could be what is driving to growth of Chondria tumulosa

634
00:31:31.000 --> 00:31:32.300
in Manawai.

635
00:31:32.300 --> 00:31:34.160
And in order to accomplish this,

636
00:31:34.160 --> 00:31:36.520
we have three data sets of interest

637
00:31:36.520 --> 00:31:38.150
that we wanted to use for this portion.

638
00:31:38.150 --> 00:31:41.730
We have the MODIS outputs for sea surface temperature

639
00:31:41.730 --> 00:31:44.050
and chlorophyll-a, straight from our tool.

640
00:31:44.050 --> 00:31:46.550
And we also have in situ temperature data

641
00:31:46.550 --> 00:31:48.380
from Sub-surface Temperature Recorders

642
00:31:48.380 --> 00:31:50.740
that are located onsite in Manawai

643
00:31:50.740 --> 00:31:53.650
from the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program.

644
00:31:53.650 --> 00:31:56.860
And lastly, we also have the spatial locations of areas

645
00:31:56.860 --> 00:31:59.120
where the partners have found presence of the alga,

646
00:31:59.120 --> 00:32:01.420
of the alga, Chondria tumulosa.

647
00:32:01.420 --> 00:32:03.223
So next slide.

648
00:32:05.720 --> 00:32:07.300
Okay. So as we mentioned before,

649
00:32:07.300 --> 00:32:10.620
we wanted to confirm that the temperature data from MODIS,

650
00:32:10.620 --> 00:32:14.013
which is incorporated in into our tool, is reliable.

651
00:32:15.290 --> 00:32:16.590
And we wanted to compare it

652
00:32:16.590 --> 00:32:19.560
against the in situ temperature recordings.

653
00:32:19.560 --> 00:32:22.340
And so we took the daily average temperature

654
00:32:22.340 --> 00:32:25.220
from 2013 to 2020 from both datasets,

655
00:32:25.220 --> 00:32:28.580
and as you can see here, it lines up quite well.

656
00:32:28.580 --> 00:32:30.100
It looks like there are a couple more outliers

657
00:32:30.100 --> 00:32:31.290
captured in MODIS,

658
00:32:31.290 --> 00:32:33.740
but for the most part, we can say that it's reliable,

659
00:32:33.740 --> 00:32:34.573
which is great.

660
00:32:34.573 --> 00:32:35.490
And this is really useful

661
00:32:35.490 --> 00:32:38.240
because the partners can get sea surface temperature data

662
00:32:38.240 --> 00:32:39.800
for anywhere in the monument

663
00:32:39.800 --> 00:32:42.750
when they select a region of interest using the tool.

664
00:32:42.750 --> 00:32:44.870
And they can get temperature data for areas

665
00:32:44.870 --> 00:32:47.350
that we currently don't have any recorders on site.

666
00:32:47.350 --> 00:32:48.840
So that's really great.

667
00:32:48.840 --> 00:32:50.653
And Next slide.

668
00:32:51.950 --> 00:32:53.730
And continuing on that point,

669
00:32:53.730 --> 00:32:56.240
the linear regression graph here on the left

670
00:32:56.240 --> 00:32:58.340
shows that there is a strong correlation

671
00:32:58.340 --> 00:33:00.840
or R squared between MODIS temperature

672
00:33:00.840 --> 00:33:02.710
and in situ temperature,

673
00:33:02.710 --> 00:33:04.480
which again, validates the tool's accuracy

674
00:33:04.480 --> 00:33:06.310
when it comes to the temperature.

675
00:33:06.310 --> 00:33:07.750
So the next thing we wanted to see

676
00:33:07.750 --> 00:33:10.620
was if there is a difference between the temperature

677
00:33:11.600 --> 00:33:14.180
in sites with the alga presence and sites without.

678
00:33:14.180 --> 00:33:17.240
And fortunately there are sub-surface temperature recorders

679
00:33:17.240 --> 00:33:19.470
near sites with and without.

680
00:33:19.470 --> 00:33:23.450
So we extracted a temperature data for sites with the alga,

681
00:33:23.450 --> 00:33:25.700
and did an analysis of variance or ANOVA

682
00:33:25.700 --> 00:33:27.100
against sites without,

683
00:33:27.100 --> 00:33:29.240
and we found no significant difference.

684
00:33:29.240 --> 00:33:32.340
The box plot on the bottom right, that you can see,

685
00:33:32.340 --> 00:33:35.670
it summarizes the value ranges for the sites near and far

686
00:33:35.670 --> 00:33:37.290
and they are pretty similar.

687
00:33:37.290 --> 00:33:39.640
And this means that the sites with alga presence

688
00:33:39.640 --> 00:33:41.340
aren't unique in terms of temperature

689
00:33:41.340 --> 00:33:43.853
and it's quite uniform throughout the atoll.

690
00:33:45.040 --> 00:33:46.880
Next slide.

691
00:33:46.880 --> 00:33:49.750
So lastly, we decided to take a special interest

692
00:33:49.750 --> 00:33:50.590
in chlorophyll-a

693
00:33:50.590 --> 00:33:53.830
because our partners and experts on Chondria tumulosa

694
00:33:53.830 --> 00:33:55.620
such as Dr. Heather Spalding,

695
00:33:55.620 --> 00:33:57.890
has suggested the impact of upwelling

696
00:33:57.890 --> 00:34:00.090
and nutrient mixing in Manawai.

697
00:34:00.090 --> 00:34:01.610
So for the chlorophyll-a analysis,

698
00:34:01.610 --> 00:34:04.610
we took the MODIS data from our tool

699
00:34:04.610 --> 00:34:05.930
and from that we extracted

700
00:34:05.930 --> 00:34:09.560
the median value for every month of every year

701
00:34:09.560 --> 00:34:13.120
in order to capture the seasonality trends in chlorophyll-a

702
00:34:13.120 --> 00:34:15.150
and which is shown here, as you can see,

703
00:34:15.150 --> 00:34:18.070
and it's measured in milligrams per cubic meter.

704
00:34:18.070 --> 00:34:21.210
What we were hoping to see was that the chlorophyll-a levels

705
00:34:21.210 --> 00:34:24.160
in Manawai where the algal growth is currently occurring

706
00:34:24.160 --> 00:34:27.110
would be a lot higher than another atoll.

707
00:34:27.110 --> 00:34:30.730
And in this instance we chose Lalo to be our control

708
00:34:30.730 --> 00:34:31.700
'cause it's further away

709
00:34:31.700 --> 00:34:33.660
and there's no any algal growth happening,

710
00:34:33.660 --> 00:34:36.160
but we did not see that in the data.

711
00:34:36.160 --> 00:34:38.490
And it seems as though the chlorophyll-a data

712
00:34:38.490 --> 00:34:41.623
falls within the normal median ranges for each atoll.

713
00:34:42.727 --> 00:34:44.200
In the next slide,

714
00:34:44.200 --> 00:34:47.960
We're looking more closely at the, oh, pardon.

715
00:34:47.960 --> 00:34:49.430
Okay. In the next slide,

716
00:34:49.430 --> 00:34:52.530
we are looking closely at the chlorophyll-a data

717
00:34:52.530 --> 00:34:55.450
and we're looking for more recent years,

718
00:34:55.450 --> 00:34:57.160
so 2017 to 2020.

719
00:34:57.160 --> 00:34:58.670
And we wanted to look at these years

720
00:34:58.670 --> 00:35:00.660
specifically because we know that the outbreak

721
00:35:00.660 --> 00:35:03.340
has really proliferated in 2019.

722
00:35:03.340 --> 00:35:05.010
So from the two graphs, it seems that

723
00:35:05.010 --> 00:35:07.540
both have about the same levels of chlorophyll-a

724
00:35:07.540 --> 00:35:10.210
but with the distinct difference being that in the summer

725
00:35:10.210 --> 00:35:11.540
when the temperature is warmest,

726
00:35:11.540 --> 00:35:13.990
Manawai levels actually spike up

727
00:35:13.990 --> 00:35:15.980
while Lalo's levels go down,

728
00:35:15.980 --> 00:35:18.840
which would correspond with the nutrients being lower

729
00:35:18.840 --> 00:35:20.700
when the temperature is warmer.

730
00:35:20.700 --> 00:35:23.540
But with that said, we cannot say with confidence

731
00:35:23.540 --> 00:35:25.210
that the chlorophyll-a by itself

732
00:35:25.210 --> 00:35:27.010
has a strong effect on algal growth,

733
00:35:27.010 --> 00:35:28.690
but perhaps maybe in conjunction

734
00:35:28.690 --> 00:35:31.030
with warmer sea surface temperatures

735
00:35:31.030 --> 00:35:33.420
and the chlorophyll-a spiking up in this summer

736
00:35:33.420 --> 00:35:36.390
it could be an interesting phenomenon to explore.

737
00:35:36.390 --> 00:35:38.870
And furthermore, I just wanna put a disclaimer

738
00:35:38.870 --> 00:35:41.580
that the algorithm that calculates chlorophyll-a

739
00:35:41.580 --> 00:35:43.490
is meant for open ocean waters.

740
00:35:43.490 --> 00:35:46.680
And here we are using it in shallow waters around atoll

741
00:35:46.680 --> 00:35:48.250
which can skew the data.

742
00:35:48.250 --> 00:35:51.010
However, there is somebody at NOAA, Jamie Gove,

743
00:35:51.010 --> 00:35:53.220
who is experienced with this type of data

744
00:35:53.220 --> 00:35:55.910
and he can apply a masking to the atolls

745
00:35:55.910 --> 00:35:58.840
which will give the partners more accurate calculations

746
00:35:58.840 --> 00:36:00.303
for chlorophyll-a levels.

747
00:36:01.310 --> 00:36:02.750
And this is the extent of the analysis

748
00:36:02.750 --> 00:36:04.720
that we were able to do in the 10 weeks.

749
00:36:04.720 --> 00:36:07.660
And we're hoping that once we pass it on to the partners

750
00:36:07.660 --> 00:36:09.700
they can use our expertise in oceanography

751
00:36:09.700 --> 00:36:12.330
to look at patterns that we might have overlooked.

752
00:36:12.330 --> 00:36:14.127
And now I will pass it on to Anna,

753
00:36:14.127 --> 00:36:16.790
where, oh, another poll we'll see,

754
00:36:16.790 --> 00:36:19.975
where she will talk about more of the limitations

755
00:36:19.975 --> 00:36:21.870
of the project and the future (indistinct)

756
00:36:21.870 --> 00:36:23.720
can be done to extend up on our work.

757
00:36:25.900 --> 00:36:27.307
<v ->Great. Thanks, Ginah.</v>

758
00:36:28.410 --> 00:36:29.590
You know, as Gina mentioned,

759
00:36:29.590 --> 00:36:32.120
there are a number of errors, uncertainties

760
00:36:32.120 --> 00:36:34.310
that we had to consider with this project.

761
00:36:34.310 --> 00:36:36.040
And first and foremost,

762
00:36:36.040 --> 00:36:39.210
was the lack of available satellite data.

763
00:36:39.210 --> 00:36:42.070
This was by far the biggest challenge with this work,

764
00:36:42.070 --> 00:36:45.230
not only the Sentinel-2 not covering this area

765
00:36:45.230 --> 00:36:47.050
but the quality it lands at it imagery

766
00:36:47.050 --> 00:36:49.560
is also not suitable for this region.

767
00:36:49.560 --> 00:36:51.880
These are two major satellite constellations

768
00:36:51.880 --> 00:36:53.462
that are often used for (indistinct)

769
00:36:53.462 --> 00:36:55.962
And with these satellites out,

770
00:36:55.962 --> 00:36:57.180
we had to figure out

771
00:36:57.180 --> 00:37:00.463
what was possible to use that was also publicly available.

772
00:37:01.540 --> 00:37:03.140
So we moved to sentinel-3

773
00:37:03.140 --> 00:37:05.780
but as Taylor mentioned earlier,

774
00:37:05.780 --> 00:37:07.682
due to the processing level of the data

775
00:37:07.682 --> 00:37:09.610
provided in earth engine,

776
00:37:09.610 --> 00:37:12.530
we were unable to convert the data

777
00:37:12.530 --> 00:37:13.900
from radiance to reflectance

778
00:37:13.900 --> 00:37:16.820
and so as could not use this for quantitative analysis,

779
00:37:16.820 --> 00:37:18.903
but only qualitative analysis.

780
00:37:19.900 --> 00:37:22.310
We did include two models available in earth engine,

781
00:37:22.310 --> 00:37:25.270
HYCOM and NOAA CDR,

782
00:37:25.270 --> 00:37:28.230
but the limitation of models must be understood.

783
00:37:28.230 --> 00:37:30.010
These are not direct measurements of data

784
00:37:30.010 --> 00:37:32.380
and they are also globally focused,

785
00:37:32.380 --> 00:37:36.150
which means they can misconstrue any detailed anomalies

786
00:37:36.150 --> 00:37:37.150
that we were looking for.

787
00:37:37.150 --> 00:37:39.870
And they also may not characterize a localized area

788
00:37:39.870 --> 00:37:40.960
well enough,

789
00:37:40.960 --> 00:37:42.393
localized being like the areas of Manawai

790
00:37:42.393 --> 00:37:45.730
that we are specifically looking at here.

791
00:37:45.730 --> 00:37:47.040
Finally, MODIS and VIIRS,

792
00:37:47.040 --> 00:37:49.330
the two main earth observation products

793
00:37:49.330 --> 00:37:51.940
we were able to use for quantitative analysis,

794
00:37:51.940 --> 00:37:53.690
have a coarse spatial resolution

795
00:37:53.690 --> 00:37:56.263
that is not quite suitable for this scale of analysis

796
00:37:56.263 --> 00:37:58.723
that we were hoping to complete at Manawai.

797
00:37:59.670 --> 00:38:02.200
So we can see this on the left side of the screen.

798
00:38:02.200 --> 00:38:04.640
The pixels for MODIS are quite large

799
00:38:04.640 --> 00:38:07.700
while VIIRS, on the bottom left, are finer,

800
00:38:07.700 --> 00:38:10.700
they're not orthorectified to the specific region.

801
00:38:10.700 --> 00:38:12.940
So as we were really only to example,

802
00:38:12.940 --> 00:38:16.060
sorry, examine oceanographic conditions at large,

803
00:38:16.060 --> 00:38:18.440
rather than at specific survey locations

804
00:38:18.440 --> 00:38:22.570
that we are aware of from the survey that happened in 2019

805
00:38:22.570 --> 00:38:24.693
with the in situ alga presence.

806
00:38:27.630 --> 00:38:30.000
So this brings us to what we can actually say

807
00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:31.880
about the feasibility of this work,

808
00:38:31.880 --> 00:38:33.220
and this work moving forward.

809
00:38:33.220 --> 00:38:34.870
So holistically, we can conclude

810
00:38:34.870 --> 00:38:37.040
that tool itself that we developed

811
00:38:37.040 --> 00:38:39.910
will be a useful tool for our project partners

812
00:38:39.910 --> 00:38:41.400
in part because of the strong match

813
00:38:41.400 --> 00:38:44.330
between MODIS sea surface temperature

814
00:38:44.330 --> 00:38:46.770
confirmed with in situ temperature data.

815
00:38:46.770 --> 00:38:50.060
And also because it will allow managers to utilize the tool

816
00:38:50.060 --> 00:38:53.700
to examine and extract additional oceanographic conditions

817
00:38:53.700 --> 00:38:57.270
at a later time period, without our direct assistance.

818
00:38:57.270 --> 00:38:59.800
However, we cannot say right now

819
00:38:59.800 --> 00:39:03.370
that is possible to decide to this algae directly

820
00:39:03.370 --> 00:39:06.760
with publicly available satellite remote sensing imagery.

821
00:39:06.760 --> 00:39:10.060
And I wanna emphasize the publicly available part of this

822
00:39:10.060 --> 00:39:14.360
as Keo we'll move into some potential work in the future

823
00:39:14.360 --> 00:39:16.113
with privately acquired satellites.

824
00:39:17.940 --> 00:39:20.280
And part of this is because of the corals data

825
00:39:20.280 --> 00:39:21.370
of this public imagery

826
00:39:21.370 --> 00:39:23.980
and also the surprising lack of coverage

827
00:39:23.980 --> 00:39:25.633
over this remote area.

828
00:39:26.940 --> 00:39:27.930
You know, as Gina said,

829
00:39:27.930 --> 00:39:29.890
we did see some elevated chlorophyll-a levels

830
00:39:29.890 --> 00:39:32.050
that might have indicated conditions favorable

831
00:39:32.050 --> 00:39:33.350
for algae spread,

832
00:39:33.350 --> 00:39:35.250
but there were no distinct anomalies

833
00:39:35.250 --> 00:39:36.754
that could reasonably correlate

834
00:39:36.754 --> 00:39:38.973
to the Chondria tumulosa presence.

835
00:39:41.060 --> 00:39:43.780
And so thus there's significant future work

836
00:39:43.780 --> 00:39:46.320
that we identified through this study.

837
00:39:46.320 --> 00:39:48.080
You know, as we stated,

838
00:39:48.080 --> 00:39:50.640
we were not able to perform any direct identification

839
00:39:50.640 --> 00:39:54.040
or classification of the algae with the data at hand,

840
00:39:54.040 --> 00:39:58.860
however our partners, Keo included as well as Fraiola,

841
00:39:58.860 --> 00:40:01.050
Dr. Fraiola and Dr. Martinez,

842
00:40:01.050 --> 00:40:02.600
have access to WorldView data,

843
00:40:02.600 --> 00:40:05.180
which has a much higher spatial resolution.

844
00:40:05.180 --> 00:40:08.370
So future work can include classification of this alga

845
00:40:08.370 --> 00:40:10.820
over the monument using this WorldView data.

846
00:40:10.820 --> 00:40:13.953
Although, the computing power required is not insignificant.

847
00:40:15.380 --> 00:40:17.930
In discussions with other project stakeholders,

848
00:40:17.930 --> 00:40:22.560
we know that Manawai is also prone to catching marine debris

849
00:40:22.560 --> 00:40:24.380
like fishing equipment or shipwreck.

850
00:40:24.380 --> 00:40:26.700
So we do suggest exploring this impact

851
00:40:26.700 --> 00:40:30.350
as a potential agent for algae migration.

852
00:40:30.350 --> 00:40:32.560
And finally, discussions with other scientists

853
00:40:32.560 --> 00:40:34.970
studying the monuments like Dr. Heather Spalding,

854
00:40:34.970 --> 00:40:38.260
led us to consider the thermocline and potential upwelling

855
00:40:38.260 --> 00:40:39.970
where the alga was found.

856
00:40:39.970 --> 00:40:42.090
In what seasons is there more mixing

857
00:40:42.090 --> 00:40:43.580
within the water column?

858
00:40:43.580 --> 00:40:46.510
Is the water temperature a direct driver of the alga?

859
00:40:46.510 --> 00:40:49.060
Studying these anomalies in a more specific scale

860
00:40:49.060 --> 00:40:50.020
that can be detected

861
00:40:50.020 --> 00:40:52.080
with palpably available satellite imagery

862
00:40:52.080 --> 00:40:54.390
is useful future work.

863
00:40:54.390 --> 00:40:57.610
So while this study site is ideal for remote sensing

864
00:40:57.610 --> 00:41:00.320
because it is so difficult to access in person,

865
00:41:00.320 --> 00:41:02.410
there is limited available public imagery.

866
00:41:02.410 --> 00:41:06.350
And what is available has a quite coarse spatial resolution

867
00:41:06.350 --> 00:41:08.010
which is a significant disadvantage

868
00:41:08.010 --> 00:41:09.720
when attempting to track a phenomenon

869
00:41:09.720 --> 00:41:12.023
that occurs at a relatively fine scale.

870
00:41:12.890 --> 00:41:15.240
Our efforts in the 10 weeks of this project

871
00:41:15.240 --> 00:41:18.520
have shown the potential for remote sensing in this region

872
00:41:18.520 --> 00:41:20.020
but also highlighted the challenges

873
00:41:20.020 --> 00:41:22.130
that can come with (indistinct)

874
00:41:22.130 --> 00:41:24.640
We look forward to additional insights

875
00:41:24.640 --> 00:41:27.670
into this nuisance algae studies of Manawai

876
00:41:27.670 --> 00:41:28.800
in the monument progress,

877
00:41:28.800 --> 00:41:30.560
which Keo we'll talk more about

878
00:41:30.560 --> 00:41:32.610
after we acknowledge the project partners

879
00:41:32.610 --> 00:41:35.973
for this part of the NASA DEVELOP project.

880
00:41:38.030 --> 00:41:39.900
We have one poll question

881
00:41:39.900 --> 00:41:43.193
before we move on to acknowledgements and Keo's future work.

882
00:41:48.013 --> 00:41:50.630
<v ->Last poll all of this very informative</v>

883
00:41:50.630 --> 00:41:53.210
and inspiring presentation.

884
00:41:53.210 --> 00:41:57.100
I'm just in awe of these young scientists, they're amazing.

885
00:41:57.100 --> 00:42:01.683
So our last poll is, what is the western name of Lalo?

886
00:42:02.780 --> 00:42:04.720
French Frigate Shoals,

887
00:42:04.720 --> 00:42:06.580
Pearl and Hermes Atoll,

888
00:42:06.580 --> 00:42:08.090
Midway Atoll,

889
00:42:08.090 --> 00:42:09.970
or Necker Island.

890
00:42:09.970 --> 00:42:13.490
So go ahead and register your vote.

891
00:42:13.490 --> 00:42:16.890
We have about, 25% have voted.

892
00:42:16.890 --> 00:42:20.453
So we'll give it another 10 seconds.

893
00:42:21.340 --> 00:42:23.690
Oh, lots of you, the numbers are climbing.

894
00:42:23.690 --> 00:42:26.450
Yep. We're up to 50%.

895
00:42:26.450 --> 00:42:29.010
So go ahead and register your vote.

896
00:42:29.010 --> 00:42:31.613
I'm gonna close it out in about five seconds.

897
00:42:33.216 --> 00:42:34.049
All right.

898
00:42:35.130 --> 00:42:36.983
And I'm closing up the poll.

899
00:42:38.460 --> 00:42:40.840
So here are our results.

900
00:42:40.840 --> 00:42:42.440
What's the western name of Lalo?

901
00:42:43.800 --> 00:42:47.853
48% has said French Frigate Shoals; is that correct?

902
00:42:51.420 --> 00:42:52.420
<v ->Yes.</v>

903
00:42:52.420 --> 00:42:53.253
Yes.

904
00:42:53.253 --> 00:42:54.440
Sorry. I was muted for a second.

905
00:42:54.440 --> 00:42:57.610
But yes, that is correct, French Frigate Shoals.

906
00:42:57.610 --> 00:42:59.560
We are definitely promoting

907
00:42:59.560 --> 00:43:03.800
the use of, recognizing Hawaiian native names,

908
00:43:03.800 --> 00:43:04.920
especially in science.

909
00:43:04.920 --> 00:43:06.970
So we wanted to make sure to emphasize these

910
00:43:06.970 --> 00:43:08.170
within our presentation.

911
00:43:10.450 --> 00:43:14.160
Great. So I will move to the acknowledgements

912
00:43:14.160 --> 00:43:15.743
of our partners.

913
00:43:17.090 --> 00:43:19.490
So thank you to Dr. Kauaoa Fraiola

914
00:43:19.490 --> 00:43:20.990
with the US Fish and Wildlife Service,

915
00:43:20.990 --> 00:43:23.560
as well as Dr. Jona Martinez from NOAA.

916
00:43:23.560 --> 00:43:24.580
Our science advisors,

917
00:43:24.580 --> 00:43:26.910
Dr. Juan Torres-Perez and Liane Guild,

918
00:43:26.910 --> 00:43:29.970
offered fantastic feedback and guidance for this project.

919
00:43:29.970 --> 00:43:31.630
And thank you also to Britnay Beaudry,

920
00:43:31.630 --> 00:43:33.040
the fellow and fearless leader (indistinct)

921
00:43:33.040 --> 00:43:36.093
as well as Haley Pippin, our senior fellow.

922
00:43:37.130 --> 00:43:39.840
And this does bring us to What's Next.

923
00:43:39.840 --> 00:43:40.673
You know, as I said,

924
00:43:40.673 --> 00:43:42.780
this is what we accomplished in 10 weeks.

925
00:43:42.780 --> 00:43:44.790
Luckily we had Keo as a team member

926
00:43:44.790 --> 00:43:46.820
and an employee of the monument.

927
00:43:46.820 --> 00:43:48.950
He will be taking what we learned from this project

928
00:43:48.950 --> 00:43:52.630
to move forward on other (indistinct) the monument.

929
00:43:52.630 --> 00:43:54.240
So I'll pass it to Keo briefly,

930
00:43:54.240 --> 00:43:56.530
to talk about the future proposed work

931
00:43:56.530 --> 00:43:58.580
that Keo has recently received money for.

932
00:44:00.573 --> 00:44:03.420
<v ->I am the lucky one to have worked with you guys</v>

933
00:44:03.420 --> 00:44:05.640
and be employed at the monument,

934
00:44:05.640 --> 00:44:07.553
so I'd like to thank all of you guys.

935
00:44:09.750 --> 00:44:14.393
This might seem to be the end, but it is just the beginning.

936
00:44:15.850 --> 00:44:18.543
2021 is going to be amazing.

937
00:44:19.640 --> 00:44:23.230
I'm gonna start a multipronged remote sensing approach

938
00:44:23.230 --> 00:44:25.800
to the work that I do for school

939
00:44:25.800 --> 00:44:28.920
and try to flow it into the work

940
00:44:28.920 --> 00:44:31.390
that I'm doing at the monument as well.

941
00:44:31.390 --> 00:44:36.280
We're gonna start off this approach with the GEE CORALS tool

942
00:44:36.280 --> 00:44:38.693
that we developed, that developed,

943
00:44:40.560 --> 00:44:43.090
and use that as a spearhead

944
00:44:43.090 --> 00:44:47.280
to monitor ocean conditions remotely

945
00:44:47.280 --> 00:44:48.883
with a quick and easy tool.

946
00:44:50.320 --> 00:44:55.270
Then I will use satellite observation analysis

947
00:44:56.700 --> 00:45:01.240
to continue the work that we have done

948
00:45:03.890 --> 00:45:06.210
under the guidance of,

949
00:45:06.210 --> 00:45:07.043
of...

950
00:45:18.215 --> 00:45:20.632
(indistinct)

951
00:45:22.540 --> 00:45:23.690
<v ->Yeah, I think he's...</v>

952
00:45:24.608 --> 00:45:27.108
(Andy laughs)

953
00:45:30.400 --> 00:45:32.310
<v ->Okay. Anybody else</v>

954
00:45:33.520 --> 00:45:34.990
take over this part

955
00:45:34.990 --> 00:45:37.400
before he's back on?
<v ->Ah, sure!</v>

956
00:45:37.400 --> 00:45:39.550
I can talk a little bit about, a little bit about it,

957
00:45:39.550 --> 00:45:41.990
'cause I talked with Keo about it.

958
00:45:41.990 --> 00:45:44.550
In terms of the satellite observation analysis that will,

959
00:45:44.550 --> 00:45:45.963
that he will be looking at,

960
00:45:45.963 --> 00:45:49.170
it will be using this WorldView data that I mentioned

961
00:45:49.170 --> 00:45:51.533
which is has a much higher spatial resolution.

962
00:45:53.050 --> 00:45:55.550
And is also multispectral imagery,

963
00:45:55.550 --> 00:45:57.920
so we can look at specifically the blue, green, red

964
00:45:57.920 --> 00:46:01.930
and near infrared bands and hopefully detect some algae.

965
00:46:01.930 --> 00:46:03.280
And it does look like he's back.

966
00:46:03.280 --> 00:46:04.940
So I will pass it-

967
00:46:04.940 --> 00:46:08.120
<v ->Oh, that was great interpretation on my slide.</v>

968
00:46:08.120 --> 00:46:09.430
Next (laughs).
<v ->Great.</v>

969
00:46:14.060 --> 00:46:14.893
Hang on.

970
00:46:19.007 --> 00:46:20.200
Did he freeze again?

971
00:46:20.200 --> 00:46:21.730
I do think he froze again.

972
00:46:21.730 --> 00:46:25.630
Okay. I will continue talking about this a little bit.

973
00:46:25.630 --> 00:46:28.130
This is a sample, this imagery here,

974
00:46:28.130 --> 00:46:31.320
is a sample of the potential sites to look at

975
00:46:31.320 --> 00:46:32.773
at the most recent,

976
00:46:34.060 --> 00:46:37.680
most recent trip that actually Dr. Fraiola went on

977
00:46:39.390 --> 00:46:41.190
using this worldly imageries here

978
00:46:41.190 --> 00:46:43.030
to detect some potential sites to survey,

979
00:46:43.030 --> 00:46:46.210
to see if what we're seeing in the satellite imagery

980
00:46:46.210 --> 00:46:50.193
is actually the Chondria tumulosa.

981
00:46:51.590 --> 00:46:54.930
One really cool part of this that Keo is trying to bring in

982
00:46:54.930 --> 00:46:57.380
is an uncrewed aerial system,

983
00:46:57.380 --> 00:47:00.170
basically a drone to collect imagery

984
00:47:00.170 --> 00:47:02.170
at a much finer spatial resolution

985
00:47:03.970 --> 00:47:07.130
and collect this over the sites.

986
00:47:07.130 --> 00:47:12.130
probably just in RGB, red, green, blue bands

987
00:47:12.700 --> 00:47:16.100
just due to the cost constraints

988
00:47:16.100 --> 00:47:18.373
of adding further multispectral imagery.

989
00:47:20.130 --> 00:47:22.550
And then finally with this drone imagery

990
00:47:22.550 --> 00:47:24.200
he will be performing an autoclassification

991
00:47:24.200 --> 00:47:25.893
of the substrate.

992
00:47:27.040 --> 00:47:28.810
There's a couple of different

993
00:47:28.810 --> 00:47:30.990
narrow network approaches to this,

994
00:47:30.990 --> 00:47:32.710
and I think that he was considering

995
00:47:32.710 --> 00:47:35.410
using the naive Bayes classifiers

996
00:47:37.010 --> 00:47:39.680
just basically, to help disseminate pixels

997
00:47:40.540 --> 00:47:44.780
and identify the red algae specifically

998
00:47:44.780 --> 00:47:45.613
with this

999
00:47:47.100 --> 00:47:47.933
new imagery.

1000
00:47:49.870 --> 00:47:52.440
Hopefully, he will be back.

1001
00:47:52.440 --> 00:47:55.850
I know that he was really promoting 2021

1002
00:47:55.850 --> 00:47:59.200
as the year of collaboration between everyone.

1003
00:47:59.200 --> 00:48:00.700
You know, I think we felt that

1004
00:48:02.440 --> 00:48:04.783
while collaborating with NASA,

1005
00:48:05.870 --> 00:48:08.060
but there's a lot of project partners

1006
00:48:08.060 --> 00:48:10.320
that he has to thank for funding,

1007
00:48:10.320 --> 00:48:13.020
specifically the Office Response and Restoration

1008
00:48:13.020 --> 00:48:15.440
for the funding for this most recent project

1009
00:48:15.440 --> 00:48:17.733
that Keo will be working on with his PhD.

1010
00:48:19.908 --> 00:48:22.180
And of course, NOAA, NOAA Fisheries

1011
00:48:22.180 --> 00:48:24.053
and the National Marine Sanctuaries.

1012
00:48:26.350 --> 00:48:27.610
With that I'm gonna conclude,

1013
00:48:27.610 --> 00:48:32.610
I don't know if he will be back to offer more conclusions

1014
00:48:33.140 --> 00:48:35.590
but (indistinct)

1015
00:48:35.590 --> 00:48:38.180
that is the end of what we have to present to you all.

1016
00:48:38.180 --> 00:48:39.673
So thank you so much for tuning in.

1017
00:48:39.673 --> 00:48:40.850
<v ->Fantastic.</v>

1018
00:48:40.850 --> 00:48:42.200
Yeah. Thank you so much.

1019
00:48:42.200 --> 00:48:43.600
And you guys win the award

1020
00:48:43.600 --> 00:48:46.710
for being a cross-trained multi-disciplinary team,

1021
00:48:46.710 --> 00:48:50.090
pick up while your other team members go off

1022
00:48:50.090 --> 00:48:51.390
into cyber oblivion (laughs).

1023
00:48:51.390 --> 00:48:54.350
We don't know what happened to Keo.

1024
00:48:54.350 --> 00:48:58.160
Hopefully, there wasn't another one of those missile,

1025
00:48:58.160 --> 00:48:59.140
missile strikes (indistinct)

1026
00:48:59.140 --> 00:49:01.967
and they gave us a false missile alert (laughs).

1027
00:49:03.130 --> 00:49:06.300
Anyway, we do have a few questions for you.

1028
00:49:06.300 --> 00:49:08.630
And Justin and I will...

1029
00:49:10.159 --> 00:49:12.080
Why don't you start with the first question, Justin.

1030
00:49:12.080 --> 00:49:14.310
And I will look at the list and (indistinct)

1031
00:49:14.310 --> 00:49:15.800
<v ->Great.</v>

1032
00:49:15.800 --> 00:49:17.960
Well, here's a technical one for you.

1033
00:49:17.960 --> 00:49:21.560
Are there any factors that affect reliability of data

1034
00:49:21.560 --> 00:49:24.770
such as turbidity or ocean conditions encores,

1035
00:49:24.770 --> 00:49:26.720
are there limits to the data collected?

1036
00:49:28.430 --> 00:49:31.280
<v ->I will say, definitely yes.</v>

1037
00:49:31.280 --> 00:49:35.570
Clouds is a huge one and that's really the biggest limit.

1038
00:49:35.570 --> 00:49:37.500
If you're using the tool

1039
00:49:39.178 --> 00:49:40.770
there's a lot of automatic clown masking

1040
00:49:40.770 --> 00:49:42.540
that happens in processing of the data,

1041
00:49:42.540 --> 00:49:44.823
so clouds are a big deal,

1042
00:49:46.320 --> 00:49:49.590
especially when you're looking at shallow coastal areas

1043
00:49:49.590 --> 00:49:51.380
and ocean areas,

1044
00:49:51.380 --> 00:49:54.007
as you would see it in the tool,

1045
00:49:54.007 --> 00:49:56.813
turbidity and kind of even some of the reflectants

1046
00:49:56.813 --> 00:49:59.750
from the bottom surface can affect the reflections

1047
00:49:59.750 --> 00:50:02.740
hence the mask that Jamie Gove mentioned

1048
00:50:02.740 --> 00:50:06.023
or that Ginah mentioned that Jamie had talked to us about.

1049
00:50:07.984 --> 00:50:08.817
And

1050
00:50:10.900 --> 00:50:13.550
yeah, there's definitely some limitations here

1051
00:50:13.550 --> 00:50:16.890
as there are with pretty much any application

1052
00:50:16.890 --> 00:50:18.393
of remote sensing imagery.

1053
00:50:19.250 --> 00:50:21.680
We're really excited though, about Sentinel-6,

1054
00:50:21.680 --> 00:50:23.320
the newest satellite that launched

1055
00:50:23.320 --> 00:50:27.150
that can provide some more ocean focused

1056
00:50:27.150 --> 00:50:28.300
remote sensing imagery.

1057
00:50:29.760 --> 00:50:30.893
<v ->Great. Thank you.</v>

1058
00:50:31.930 --> 00:50:34.600
Several folks, just kind of have questions around the same,

1059
00:50:34.600 --> 00:50:35.750
the same question.

1060
00:50:35.750 --> 00:50:39.123
So the tool, I know is being still cleared with NASA IT,

1061
00:50:40.860 --> 00:50:43.840
but when that will be available,

1062
00:50:43.840 --> 00:50:45.680
will it be on this NASA DEVELOP

1063
00:50:45.680 --> 00:50:47.740
Applied Science Program page?

1064
00:50:47.740 --> 00:50:51.403
Where can people find the tool when it will be available?

1065
00:50:53.150 --> 00:50:57.880
<v ->So if I'm not mistaken, and there's small chance I am,</v>

1066
00:50:57.880 --> 00:51:01.360
the tool will be sent to the project partners

1067
00:51:01.360 --> 00:51:03.350
'cause it is made for the project partners.

1068
00:51:03.350 --> 00:51:08.150
And it is at their discretion to share it as they wish

1069
00:51:08.150 --> 00:51:10.270
because technically we did make it, you know,

1070
00:51:10.270 --> 00:51:12.223
for NASA but also for them.

1071
00:51:13.370 --> 00:51:16.330
They have the ability to like, you know, share it around

1072
00:51:16.330 --> 00:51:18.620
or have other people utilize and look at it,

1073
00:51:18.620 --> 00:51:21.640
but it's not being posted on any direct NASA website.

1074
00:51:21.640 --> 00:51:23.863
All that will be posted is, I believe,

1075
00:51:25.480 --> 00:51:29.230
pictures from our project and a brief project summary

1076
00:51:29.230 --> 00:51:30.190
for what we've done.

1077
00:51:30.190 --> 00:51:31.480
And if you do a little bit of digging,

1078
00:51:31.480 --> 00:51:33.600
you might be able to find the technical (mumbles)

1079
00:51:33.600 --> 00:51:35.910
but not a whole lot with those notes

1080
00:51:35.910 --> 00:51:38.513
other than a little snapshot of what we did.

1081
00:51:39.840 --> 00:51:40.700
<v ->Okay, great.</v>

1082
00:51:40.700 --> 00:51:42.590
Yeah. Related to that question

1083
00:51:42.590 --> 00:51:45.633
was another one from Leon Gershwin.

1084
00:51:46.630 --> 00:51:48.050
Are there any partnerships

1085
00:51:48.050 --> 00:51:51.050
to enlist citizen science efforts?

1086
00:51:51.050 --> 00:51:55.090
You know, something like NimoNet, he suggested.

1087
00:51:55.090 --> 00:51:58.900
but that kind of relates to the tool being available

1088
00:51:58.900 --> 00:52:02.883
but any in the response to citizen science partnerships?

1089
00:52:08.570 --> 00:52:09.613
<v ->Keo, do you wanna take that?</v>

1090
00:52:09.613 --> 00:52:12.773
I mean, I suppose I can, if you want.

1091
00:52:12.773 --> 00:52:17.450
<v ->I wasn't sure if I was in internet (indistinct)</v>

1092
00:52:17.450 --> 00:52:20.410
(indistinct chattering)

1093
00:52:20.410 --> 00:52:22.257
I'm hot-spotted in.

1094
00:52:22.257 --> 00:52:25.080
(team laughing)

1095
00:52:25.080 --> 00:52:28.060
Yeah. There's currently no plans

1096
00:52:28.060 --> 00:52:32.760
for direct community science efforts yet.

1097
00:52:32.760 --> 00:52:37.760
I'll probably schedule a meeting with Dr. Juan Torres-Perez

1098
00:52:38.480 --> 00:52:39.770
and

1099
00:52:39.770 --> 00:52:42.970
the creator of NemoNet

1100
00:52:42.970 --> 00:52:44.390
in early January

1101
00:52:44.390 --> 00:52:48.523
to help guide me on some projects that I'm working with.

1102
00:52:49.790 --> 00:52:53.083
So we could probably discuss some citizen science work then.

1103
00:52:55.760 --> 00:52:56.950
<v ->Great.</v>

1104
00:52:56.950 --> 00:53:00.210
<v ->We actually have Dr. Juan Torres-Perez on</v>

1105
00:53:00.210 --> 00:53:01.610
as an audience member.

1106
00:53:01.610 --> 00:53:03.330
He says he can help with that answer.

1107
00:53:03.330 --> 00:53:04.490
I don't know if I should unmute him

1108
00:53:04.490 --> 00:53:05.865
or if we should have that later.

1109
00:53:05.865 --> 00:53:07.010
<v ->Yeah.</v>

1110
00:53:07.010 --> 00:53:10.760
<v ->Okay. Why don't you guys take another question first</v>

1111
00:53:10.760 --> 00:53:12.220
and I will track him down-

1112
00:53:12.220 --> 00:53:13.053
<v ->Okay.</v>

1113
00:53:16.600 --> 00:53:21.600
So there are several questions related to the algae itself

1114
00:53:22.830 --> 00:53:25.500
and you know it's a,

1115
00:53:25.500 --> 00:53:27.650
oh, so this is particularly related in mortality.

1116
00:53:27.650 --> 00:53:28.940
So the coral mortality,

1117
00:53:28.940 --> 00:53:32.590
is the mortality due to smothering, shading

1118
00:53:32.590 --> 00:53:35.163
or a bioactive compounds from the algae?

1119
00:53:38.140 --> 00:53:42.560
<v ->Currently, it looks like a physical killing of the coral</v>

1120
00:53:42.560 --> 00:53:45.323
by shading and smothering.

1121
00:53:46.980 --> 00:53:50.710
I believe that Dr. Heather Spalding and her team

1122
00:53:51.720 --> 00:53:54.510
are looking into more biological

1123
00:53:55.410 --> 00:53:58.560
aspects of this particular species.

1124
00:53:58.560 --> 00:53:59.393
Just like to remind the audience

1125
00:53:59.393 --> 00:54:02.900
that this species was just recently described

1126
00:54:03.780 --> 00:54:06.543
in science a few months ago.

1127
00:54:08.110 --> 00:54:09.470
<v ->Yeah.</v>

1128
00:54:09.470 --> 00:54:11.513
<v ->Okay. I just unmuted Dr. Torres-Perez.</v>

1129
00:54:12.950 --> 00:54:15.020
<v ->Hi guys. Can you hear me?</v>

1130
00:54:15.020 --> 00:54:16.630
<v Team>Yes.</v>

1131
00:54:16.630 --> 00:54:18.580
<v ->Hi. This is the (indistinct)</v>

1132
00:54:18.580 --> 00:54:20.853
science advisor for this project.

1133
00:54:22.210 --> 00:54:24.640
I was one of the co-eyes for the Mnemonic Project

1134
00:54:24.640 --> 00:54:26.620
in particular that I really,

1135
00:54:26.620 --> 00:54:28.370
most of you guys familiarized with.

1136
00:54:29.370 --> 00:54:32.540
Yes. There's actually some data from Hawaii

1137
00:54:32.540 --> 00:54:36.850
that's incorporated into the Mnemonic platform already.

1138
00:54:36.850 --> 00:54:38.720
I believe some of it might

1139
00:54:38.720 --> 00:54:41.560
or might not contain some of these areas

1140
00:54:41.560 --> 00:54:45.255
but we did submit our proposal to the,

1141
00:54:45.255 --> 00:54:49.970
to the NASA Ocean Biology and Biochemistry Project Program

1142
00:54:49.970 --> 00:54:51.570
as a follow up for this one.

1143
00:54:51.570 --> 00:54:53.420
Unfortunately, we didn't get it from them.

1144
00:54:53.420 --> 00:54:55.325
The idea was to actually collect

1145
00:54:55.325 --> 00:54:58.760
additional 2D and and 3D data

1146
00:54:58.760 --> 00:55:01.830
to incorporate into the Mnemonic platform

1147
00:55:01.830 --> 00:55:04.080
particularly for the, for the monument.

1148
00:55:04.080 --> 00:55:08.560
But we are actually looking into what the reviewers said

1149
00:55:08.560 --> 00:55:09.680
about the proposal,

1150
00:55:09.680 --> 00:55:14.510
and I'm seeing if we can submit it to a different program,

1151
00:55:14.510 --> 00:55:18.040
either within NASA or NOAA or any other agency,

1152
00:55:18.040 --> 00:55:19.160
because we are definitely,

1153
00:55:19.160 --> 00:55:21.840
at Mnemonic, we are definitely very, very interested

1154
00:55:21.840 --> 00:55:25.260
in incorporating data for the monument

1155
00:55:25.260 --> 00:55:28.110
and eventually make it available to the public.

1156
00:55:30.016 --> 00:55:32.350
<v ->Great. Thank you.</v>

1157
00:55:32.350 --> 00:55:34.280
Okay. I'll ask one last question

1158
00:55:34.280 --> 00:55:37.750
because I think this is important for people to understand,

1159
00:55:37.750 --> 00:55:41.020
you know, people, some folks have asked, you know,

1160
00:55:41.020 --> 00:55:45.440
how do we get rid of this,

1161
00:55:45.440 --> 00:55:47.750
kill off this nuisance algae?

1162
00:55:47.750 --> 00:55:50.776
And I think that gets into the Shades of Gray

1163
00:55:50.776 --> 00:55:54.480
of invasive species challenges there overall,

1164
00:55:54.480 --> 00:55:58.490
but if any of you want to reflect on that,

1165
00:55:58.490 --> 00:55:59.640
that'll be interesting.

1166
00:56:02.680 --> 00:56:05.040
<v ->I mean, I can briefly say that</v>

1167
00:56:05.040 --> 00:56:07.220
Keo is definitely more of the expert on the algae

1168
00:56:07.220 --> 00:56:10.490
in terms of our group prospects.

1169
00:56:10.490 --> 00:56:12.240
But we're hoping that this tool itself

1170
00:56:12.240 --> 00:56:14.430
can perhaps shed light

1171
00:56:14.430 --> 00:56:17.700
on what might have been

1172
00:56:17.700 --> 00:56:20.510
causing the algae to actually like,

1173
00:56:20.510 --> 00:56:22.690
proliferate in the first place.

1174
00:56:22.690 --> 00:56:25.993
You know, I understand the issue is rising sea temperature.

1175
00:56:27.470 --> 00:56:30.790
You know, not too much that we can do to that

1176
00:56:30.790 --> 00:56:33.023
besides combating climate change as a whole.

1177
00:56:34.760 --> 00:56:36.290
I like Keo to talk a little bit more,

1178
00:56:36.290 --> 00:56:38.373
I think, about the algae itself.

1179
00:56:40.320 --> 00:56:43.160
<v ->I just consider myself a foot soldier on the ground.</v>

1180
00:56:43.160 --> 00:56:45.560
That's I'm trying to just track this algae

1181
00:56:47.276 --> 00:56:50.910
and its process is in and how far it's spread.

1182
00:56:50.910 --> 00:56:53.820
And I'll leave that decision making

1183
00:56:53.820 --> 00:56:58.230
to the MMB, the Management Board of the Monument

1184
00:56:59.430 --> 00:57:02.608
and the decision makers.

1185
00:57:02.608 --> 00:57:03.870
(Andy chuckles)

1186
00:57:03.870 --> 00:57:05.810
<v ->I do have something to add.</v>

1187
00:57:05.810 --> 00:57:08.570
From the footages that we've seen of the algae,

1188
00:57:08.570 --> 00:57:11.420
it grows in like these really thick blanket mats

1189
00:57:11.420 --> 00:57:14.350
and they really detach very easily

1190
00:57:14.350 --> 00:57:16.610
and can get caught in your hair and in your gear.

1191
00:57:16.610 --> 00:57:19.330
So there is that issue that they can disperse very easily,

1192
00:57:19.330 --> 00:57:20.980
so it's kind of a delicate situation

1193
00:57:20.980 --> 00:57:22.530
of getting people in and out

1194
00:57:22.530 --> 00:57:23.990
to kind of do anything about the algae.

1195
00:57:23.990 --> 00:57:26.100
So they're still trying to learn more about it

1196
00:57:26.100 --> 00:57:27.090
because it's still new,

1197
00:57:27.090 --> 00:57:29.460
but right now it can disperse really easily,

1198
00:57:29.460 --> 00:57:30.700
which is very concerning.

1199
00:57:30.700 --> 00:57:32.637
So yeah, just wanted to add-

1200
00:57:35.454 --> 00:57:38.330
<v ->Yeah. Thank you for that.</v>

1201
00:57:38.330 --> 00:57:41.480
So that is all the time we have for questions.

1202
00:57:41.480 --> 00:57:45.050
Thank you so much, analysts for your presentation.

1203
00:57:45.050 --> 00:57:46.270
It's absolutely fascinating

1204
00:57:46.270 --> 00:57:49.320
and it's really interesting work

1205
00:57:49.320 --> 00:57:51.720
that's being done in the satellites

1206
00:57:51.720 --> 00:57:54.253
and what we can look at in the Papahanaumokuakea.

1207
00:57:55.700 --> 00:57:56.800
The Hawaiian archipelago

1208
00:57:56.800 --> 00:57:58.810
is the most remote archipelago on earth.

1209
00:57:58.810 --> 00:58:01.959
And that part of it, Papahanaumokuakea,

1210
00:58:01.959 --> 00:58:04.260
is the most remote part of the remote,

1211
00:58:04.260 --> 00:58:06.030
most remote archipelago on earth.

1212
00:58:06.030 --> 00:58:09.090
So it's always challenging understanding

1213
00:58:09.090 --> 00:58:11.270
and seeing what's going on up there.

1214
00:58:11.270 --> 00:58:14.097
And this is a really great advance in that.

1215
00:58:14.097 --> 00:58:17.020
And we look forward to more work on that.

1216
00:58:17.020 --> 00:58:19.400
But for those of you who we couldn't get to your questions

1217
00:58:19.400 --> 00:58:21.560
we do capture all the questions

1218
00:58:21.560 --> 00:58:23.860
and we get answers from the panelists

1219
00:58:23.860 --> 00:58:26.020
and we will send that back out to everybody

1220
00:58:26.020 --> 00:58:30.130
after, in about a couple of weeks.

1221
00:58:30.130 --> 00:58:33.590
Also this webinar will be online.

1222
00:58:33.590 --> 00:58:36.910
The recording will be archived on that URL

1223
00:58:36.910 --> 00:58:39.710
you're seeing on your screen right now.

1224
00:58:39.710 --> 00:58:43.960
And you will also get a certificate of attendance for this

1225
00:58:43.960 --> 00:58:45.590
for professional development,

1226
00:58:45.590 --> 00:58:48.010
one hour of professional development

1227
00:58:48.010 --> 00:58:49.390
for all those who attend.

1228
00:58:49.390 --> 00:58:52.300
We'll be sending them out in a couple of days.

1229
00:58:52.300 --> 00:58:54.820
And we also have some cool upcoming webinars.

1230
00:58:54.820 --> 00:58:58.360
So this one is on January 7th.

1231
00:58:58.360 --> 00:59:03.160
It's He Huliko'a Kanaloa, seeking the depths of Kanaloa

1232
00:59:04.050 --> 00:59:07.720
and Hawaiian religious understandings of the ocean

1233
00:59:07.720 --> 00:59:09.883
by Jane Lokomaika'Ikeakua Au,

1234
00:59:13.410 --> 00:59:16.910
program director for the non-profit Aina Momona

1235
00:59:16.910 --> 00:59:18.250
on the island of Molokai.

1236
00:59:18.250 --> 00:59:20.840
So that should be a really interesting talk

1237
00:59:20.840 --> 00:59:21.787
on January 7th,

1238
00:59:21.787 --> 00:59:24.163
you can register to that in the link below.

1239
00:59:25.290 --> 00:59:26.240
And also

1240
00:59:27.200 --> 00:59:30.210
we do, please fill out the short survey

1241
00:59:30.210 --> 00:59:32.370
after you close out your present,

1242
00:59:32.370 --> 00:59:33.860
after you close out of the webinar,

1243
00:59:33.860 --> 00:59:35.080
because we do wanna hear from you

1244
00:59:35.080 --> 00:59:37.470
on what you think and what we can do better,

1245
00:59:37.470 --> 00:59:40.380
and include in future presentations.

1246
00:59:40.380 --> 00:59:42.170
So mahalo for attending.

1247
00:59:42.170 --> 00:59:43.900
Mahalo for all the participants.

1248
00:59:43.900 --> 00:59:48.900
Everybody have a safe and happy holiday season.

1249
00:59:48.917 --> 00:59:53.917
And let's all hope that 2021 will be a better year (laughs)

1250
00:59:54.080 --> 00:59:54.970
than this one.

1251
00:59:54.970 --> 00:59:57.900
But we really appreciate you attending.

1252
00:59:57.900 --> 01:00:00.043
Take care. Aloha mahalo.

1253
01:00:02.130 --> 01:00:04.069
<v ->Bye bye. Thank you.</v>

1254
01:00:04.069 --> 01:00:04.909
(indistinct)

1255
01:00:04.909 --> 01:00:06.576
<v ->All right. Mahalo.</v>