WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:05:24.480 --> 00:05:30.480 All right aloha everyone and welcome to today's webinar. My name is Cindy Among-Serrao one of 00:05:30.480 --> 00:05:38.000 your hosts for today so now I'm gonna pass it on to Allen Tom our superintendent who's gonna do 00:05:38.000 --> 00:05:44.320 our intro slides and then we have our awesome presenter Jane Au here today, take it away Allen. Hey 00:05:44.320 --> 00:05:51.360 my apologies I totally misunderstood what my role is today good morning everybody I see we have 133 00:05:51.360 --> 00:05:57.920 attendees and the number is still growing I know we have 300 registrants today so I am thrilled 00:05:57.920 --> 00:06:03.920 that you can join us today today's talk is about seeking the depths of Kanaloa, Hawaiian 00:06:03.920 --> 00:06:09.040 religious understandings of the ocean and I know that this webinar series that's created 00:06:09.040 --> 00:06:13.840 by the National Sanctuary Program was really meant originally to talk about Western science 00:06:13.840 --> 00:06:18.400 sort of some of the science that's happening in the Sanctuaries but I am glad that we can talk 00:06:18.400 --> 00:06:24.720 about other things that are going on including cultural science and we had a talk last year 00:06:24.720 --> 00:06:31.440 from Sol Kaho'ohalahala about the importance of humpback whales in Hawai'i and that is now 00:06:31.440 --> 00:06:39.360 available on our webinar library if people want to check it out. So next slide please Cindy. 00:06:44.480 --> 00:06:51.520 Okay i'm sorry my screen is acting funny okay so our webinar host is me, I am the Superintendent 00:06:51.520 --> 00:06:55.920 and Cindy Among-Serrao who really is the person running the show here and she's going to be 00:06:55.920 --> 00:07:01.120 helping facilitate the questions. Everybody is in listen only mode if you do have any 00:07:01.120 --> 00:07:05.920 questions please put them in the chat box. Some people are saying they do not have audio 00:07:06.640 --> 00:07:13.280 so I think Cindy can respond to that I will say that this is being recorded so that it will 00:07:13.280 --> 00:07:19.600 go on our webinar series hopefully in the next month after I get around to closed captioning it 00:07:19.600 --> 00:07:25.360 and it will be available to for people to view. Next slide please. 00:07:27.920 --> 00:07:33.600 Okay so the National Sanctuary System is a system of federally marine protected areas of 00:07:33.600 --> 00:07:38.640 National Marine Sanctuaries and two National Marine Monuments, if you'd like to learn more about them 00:07:38.640 --> 00:07:44.240 please do google us and each site has just as many wonderful things going on at their sites 00:07:44.240 --> 00:07:52.720 as we're do as we're doing here today. Next slide please and I believe we're going to talk 00:07:52.720 --> 00:07:57.840 about sort of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act real quickly you know we cover a lot of 00:07:59.120 --> 00:08:07.920 different focus focuses such as recreation, ecological and archaeological importance places. 00:08:08.720 --> 00:08:14.320 Next slide I will say that as as we're going through these slides the National Sanctuaries 00:08:14.320 --> 00:08:19.280 Act is a very powerful federal act that does allow us to protect our ocean resources and we 00:08:19.280 --> 00:08:26.480 use these ocean resources as living classrooms. Next I believe it's research areas that we do 00:08:27.680 --> 00:08:36.160 have next please, okay so okay so the Humpback Whale Sanctuary real quick was created by 00:08:36.160 --> 00:08:43.360 Congress in 1992 and approved by the State of Hawai'i in 1997, real quickly next slide 00:08:44.560 --> 00:08:48.160 I'm trying to go fast because we have a great speaker and I don't want to take up all her time 00:08:48.160 --> 00:08:52.480 but I do want to show the boundary of the sanctuaries and you can see the Sanctuary here 00:08:52.480 --> 00:08:57.280 the red line is the boundary of the Humpback Whale Sanctuary this is the northern portion of it 00:08:57.280 --> 00:09:02.320 and the area where you saw the cursor there on the North Shore of Oahu that is actually where Jane 00:09:02.320 --> 00:09:07.440 our speaker is from even though she does a lot of her work on the island of Molokai which 00:09:07.440 --> 00:09:14.080 is on the right hand of the screen, there's a little cursor for those of you who do not know 00:09:14.080 --> 00:09:20.160 the geography of Hawai'i that is where Molokai is located and that is where her program is located. 00:09:20.160 --> 00:09:27.520 Next slide and I'm calling you from the beautiful island of Maui where our office is located in 00:09:27.520 --> 00:09:33.120 Kihei and in normal times I would invite you all to come visit us but of course right now we are 00:09:33.120 --> 00:09:37.760 closed and so this is the best way that we can get to everybody which is through these virtual talks. 00:09:38.400 --> 00:09:47.200 Next slide please and so real quickly I just want to mention to folks again the Sanctuary is here 00:09:47.200 --> 00:09:52.560 for the protection of humpback whales but we also facilitate user groups and want to make sure that 00:09:52.560 --> 00:10:00.640 the public is aware that if they do see people out on the beach harassing animals like the monk seals, 00:10:00.640 --> 00:10:09.360 the sea turtles, the dolphins, of course humpback whales, please call the NOAA hotline 1-800 wait 00:10:09.360 --> 00:10:17.120 1-888-256-9840 where you can report these incidences. These are federally protected 00:10:17.120 --> 00:10:21.440 animals by both the federal government and the State of Hawai'i and we want to make sure that they 00:10:21.440 --> 00:10:29.680 remain protected and allowed to do what they need to do. Next slide please. Okay now we get to it 00:10:29.680 --> 00:10:36.800 so I am so pleased to introduce our speaker Jane Au, she has a beautiful Native Hawaiian name which 00:10:36.800 --> 00:10:43.360 I am not going to try to mispronounce and be disrespectful of, so she can explain her full name 00:10:43.360 --> 00:10:50.000 when I turn it over to her but she was raised on the North Shore of Oahu, she is a daughter, 00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:58.800 a sister, mo'opuna, an artist, an enthusiast of nature. She obtained her B.A and M.A in Religion at the 00:10:58.800 --> 00:11:04.240 University of Hawai'i at Manoa where she focused on Hawaiian religious beliefs and practices. 00:11:05.040 --> 00:11:10.400 She has spent several years studying religious theory focusing in particular on indigenous 00:11:10.400 --> 00:11:16.880 belief systems and their inherent messages of sustainability. She strives to incorporate 00:11:16.880 --> 00:11:25.920 traditional Hawaiian aesthetics, genres in her work. In 2018 she successfully defended her master's 00:11:25.920 --> 00:11:32.640 thesis on Kanaloa using rarely accessed Hawaiian language resources and materials. 00:11:33.280 --> 00:11:40.560 She currently works as a Program Director for 'Aina Momona and I would like to welcome Jane 00:11:40.560 --> 00:11:48.400 Au to our presentation and again thank her for doing this talk today, Jane. Thank you so much Allen 00:11:48.400 --> 00:11:55.840 and mahalo nui everybody who's joining us today from near and far. My name is Jane Lokomaika'ikakua Au 00:11:57.680 --> 00:12:02.160 as Allen said born on the I raised on the North Shore of Oahu in a community calledMaeaea 00:12:02.160 --> 00:12:09.840 more commonly known as Haleiwa today an ocean-dependent ocean centric community. 00:12:10.400 --> 00:12:15.440 I currently work as a Program Director for 'Aina Momona, we're a native Hawaiian nonprofit 00:12:15.440 --> 00:12:21.120 organization dedicated to achieving environmental health and sustainability through restoring social 00:12:21.120 --> 00:12:27.040 justice and the occupying Hawaiian lands. Prior to my time with 'Aina Momona I was a 00:12:27.040 --> 00:12:32.960 religion student at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa as a Bachelor's and Master's student. 00:12:32.960 --> 00:12:39.760 I studied religion focusing in particular on the traditional Hawaiian belief system. I studied under 00:12:40.720 --> 00:12:47.040 Dr. Maria Lohalani Brown who is notably the world's only professor on Hawaiian Religion and 00:12:48.160 --> 00:12:56.000 particularly as a Bachelor student I found that in reading authoritative texts on Hawaiian religion 00:12:56.000 --> 00:13:06.080 there are a lot of misconceptions being made about our Pre-christian beliefs and practices. Too often 00:13:06.080 --> 00:13:10.720 scholars who aren't familiar with na mae'a Hawai'i and scholars who cannot access Hawaiian language will 00:13:12.720 --> 00:13:16.960 conflate important distinctions about our deities and about our 00:13:16.960 --> 00:13:21.600 beliefs and practices and as an M.A student in particular I really wanted to readdress 00:13:22.400 --> 00:13:29.360 some of these misconceptions that are being purported in Western academic texts. Too often 00:13:29.920 --> 00:13:34.480 especially historically but this is unfortunately something that continues modern modernly 00:13:35.040 --> 00:13:39.680 indigenous knowledge is left out of consideration in Western academic work 00:13:39.680 --> 00:13:45.520 even when that work discusses indigenous life and indigenous people and I think Kanaloa is is a 00:13:45.520 --> 00:13:53.360 good example of this and in surveying information about Kanaloa in English language texts that are 00:13:53.360 --> 00:13:59.440 considered authoritative on the Hawaiian belief system compared to other deities very little is 00:13:59.440 --> 00:14:05.760 said of Kanaloa in these secondary resources and the bulk of existing scholarship doesn't consider 00:14:05.760 --> 00:14:12.480 the diverse portrayals he has in primary Hawaiian language resources. Instead there's a focus on the 00:14:12.480 --> 00:14:19.120 later demonization that Kanaloa faces with the advent of Christianity and there's a strange 00:14:19.120 --> 00:14:24.960 idea within these texts that not a lot is known about Kanaloa which within the Hawaiian community 00:14:24.960 --> 00:14:31.600 we know is not true. Lots of information on him has been lost because these English texts failed to 00:14:31.600 --> 00:14:40.080 consider Hawaiian language olelo Hawai'i resources. And so my goal was to kind of recenter the ancestral ways 00:14:40.640 --> 00:14:46.880 that our kupuna understood Kanaloa and understood the ocean environment, that he 00:14:48.640 --> 00:14:55.040 was in control of. I myself grew up in a very ocean-centric community growing up in Haleiwa 00:14:55.600 --> 00:15:01.600 from fishponds to surfing to navigating both historically and in modern day we're 00:15:01.600 --> 00:15:08.160 very dependent on the ocean and we spend so much time in the water the idea that not a lot is known 00:15:08.160 --> 00:15:13.200 about Kanaloa or that Kanaloa is sinister in any way was very shocking to me to see 00:15:13.200 --> 00:15:19.040 in any kind of text and so it was very important to me personally to try and do a work that would 00:15:19.040 --> 00:15:26.560 re-center our indigenous ways of understanding him. My thesis tries to offer a more holistic 00:15:26.560 --> 00:15:32.480 understanding of Kanaloa by examining o'iwi artistic intellectual genres such as 00:15:32.480 --> 00:15:39.200 genealogy which is mo'okuapao, our mo'olelo, our stories and histories as well as our mele, our oli and 00:15:39.200 --> 00:15:45.040 our chants which have been preserved primarily in 18th and 19th century Hawaiian language newspapers. 00:15:46.080 --> 00:15:50.240 I try to offer evidence that will engender new ways of interpreting Kanaloa 00:15:50.240 --> 00:15:54.960 and expand on his functions beyond the ocean realm which is where we tend to get 00:15:54.960 --> 00:15:58.880 stuck on thinking of him but in reality he actually has a very diverse 00:16:00.080 --> 00:16:06.560 set of forms and functions. Within this work and within this lecture, it's never my goal to provide 00:16:06.560 --> 00:16:13.280 a clear-cut definition of what Kanaloa's functions, domains or forms are but rather to readdress 00:16:13.280 --> 00:16:19.200 more narrow interpretations that have flourished within academic work. I use the word huliko'a 00:16:19.200 --> 00:16:24.480 in the title of this because I think it best describes my research process. Huliko'a means 00:16:24.480 --> 00:16:30.800 to seek into the depths of a matter or to describe fully rather than to define which is to confine or 00:16:30.800 --> 00:16:39.200 to put limits on something and so my process here is not to say anything definitively but rather 00:16:39.200 --> 00:16:45.040 to kind of push us to all look beyond the the norms that we were given and understanding Kanaloa 00:16:45.040 --> 00:16:52.080 when it comes to these academic texts. Within my talk I'm going to be going over a selection 00:16:52.080 --> 00:16:58.320 of my chapters from my thesis I'll spend some time talking about Kanaloa's wider Polynesian lineages 00:16:58.320 --> 00:17:02.000 because I think that's an important thing to consider when we're talking about any Hawaiian 00:17:02.000 --> 00:17:08.000 deity is the manifestations they have beyond Hawai'i recognizing the close kinship between all 00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:14.480 Pacific communities. I'm also going to spend some time going over why Kanaloa was demonized with the 00:17:14.480 --> 00:17:19.520 advent of Christianity because I think that's a very interesting phenomenon and also an important 00:17:19.520 --> 00:17:25.760 point where we start to lose valuable information about Kanaloa's wider forms and functions and 00:17:25.760 --> 00:17:30.800 then I'll go into some of the findings that I collected within Hawaiian language newspapers 00:17:30.800 --> 00:17:37.040 that reveal more broad ways we can understand Kanaloa. But before I do that I did want to 00:17:37.760 --> 00:17:44.880 open up to the audience we have a couple of like poll-type questions that we wanted to ask you all 00:17:44.880 --> 00:17:50.560 to answer just as a way to find out how familiar everybody is with Kanaloa and get a sense of what 00:17:50.560 --> 00:17:57.280 you all think of in terms of function when Kanaloa comes to mind. So I believe Cindy is going to 00:17:58.400 --> 00:18:04.400 share some information on how we can answer and get these questions pulled from all of you. 00:18:09.680 --> 00:18:15.520 All right aloha everyone so I am going to launch the first poll question 00:18:17.680 --> 00:18:21.760 and right now it should probably pop up right on your guys screen. 00:18:21.760 --> 00:18:28.080 So what is your familiar familiarity with Kanaloa and please select one so 00:18:28.960 --> 00:18:31.600 whatever is your guy's comfort level with Kanaloa 00:18:33.840 --> 00:18:37.040 and then I'm going to wait to around 70 to 80 percent 00:18:37.040 --> 00:18:44.320 of attendees have voted and then we'll show the results live so just a few more seconds. 00:18:52.400 --> 00:18:58.400 All right so it seems like we have 85 percent voted 86 which is great so give five seconds 00:19:00.160 --> 00:19:01.760 get your guys votes in 00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:06.000 all right and we're going to close this poll 00:19:09.360 --> 00:19:11.280 and then I will share it. 00:19:12.560 --> 00:19:18.720 Alright so here are the results from the first poll hopefully everyone is seeing it right now 00:19:21.120 --> 00:19:29.840 we have around 58 percent unfamiliar, 35percent somewhat familiar and 7 percent very familiar 00:19:32.640 --> 00:19:36.080 and then Jane did you have any words before I go to the next poll. 00:19:37.680 --> 00:19:42.800 Yeah it's just it's interesting to see how many are unfamiliar with Kanaloa and I 00:19:42.800 --> 00:19:47.920 hope for all of these categories you will get to learn something new today so it's exciting to 00:19:49.280 --> 00:19:55.760 know where we're all at. All right and now we're gonna do our second poll question. 00:19:59.040 --> 00:20:05.840 When you think of Kanaloa, what domains and functions first come to mind. 00:20:06.880 --> 00:20:11.040 So once again we'll give you guys some time to submit your poll 00:20:13.280 --> 00:20:17.200 and we'll wait so around 80 percent of attendees have voted. 00:20:19.280 --> 00:20:33.840 There are currently 202 attendees on this webinar. 00:20:37.440 --> 00:20:47.840 All right a few more seconds for people to submit their votes. 00:20:52.640 --> 00:20:56.640 All right so we are going to close this poll now. 00:21:01.440 --> 00:21:10.800 All right and here are the results for the poll. 86 percent ocean and marine life, 1 percent death and dying and 12percent 00:21:11.680 --> 00:21:20.240 healing. Very interesting so this was the reason I included this poll is I expected most of us to 00:21:20.240 --> 00:21:26.640 think first of ocean and marine life in connection to Kanaloa but he does have other connections so 00:21:26.640 --> 00:21:31.120 it's good to see that some folks are familiar with those and then hopefully today we will all 00:21:31.680 --> 00:21:35.920 walk away with a little bit of a broader understanding of Kanaloa. 00:21:39.280 --> 00:21:45.600 Okay thank you so much Cindy for that. So I'm going to start off today but just 00:21:45.600 --> 00:21:49.440 especially since we're not super familiar with Kanaloa talking a 00:21:49.440 --> 00:21:58.320 little bit about some of his wider Polynesian manifestations. So trying to change my screen 00:22:00.640 --> 00:22:05.920 there's a bit of a lag okay during the research phase of my project I investigated 00:22:05.920 --> 00:22:15.520 Ta'aroa of Tahiti, Tagaloa of Samoa, Tangaloa of Tonga, Tanaoa and Takaoa of the Marquesas ,Tangaroa 00:22:15.520 --> 00:22:21.920 Aotearoa and Tangaroa of Manihiki, trying to collect data on their unique roles and functions 00:22:21.920 --> 00:22:29.120 to broaden our knowledge about Kanaloa's wider lineages. For the purpose of being concise, I 00:22:29.120 --> 00:22:33.920 focused primarily on Tahiti and Tataoa within my thesis because I didn't want to 00:22:35.440 --> 00:22:41.440 misappropriate another's culture in my pursuit to very broadly look at all these different 00:22:41.440 --> 00:22:47.840 distinct cultural manifestations and so part of the reason why I picked Tahiti specifically 00:22:48.400 --> 00:22:54.720 is Tahiti and Hawai'i bear many connections particularly in terms of our navigating practices 00:22:54.720 --> 00:23:03.760 which Kanaloa and Ta'aro both oversee. An example of the relationship between Ta'aro, Kanaloa and 00:23:03.760 --> 00:23:08.960 Tahiti and Hawai'i can be seen specifically in looking at Kaho'olawe which is notably one of 00:23:08.960 --> 00:23:15.280 Kanaloa's kinola'u, one of his bodies. Kinola'u can be defined as many bodies or many forms. 00:23:15.920 --> 00:23:22.640 My mentor Maria Alohalani Brown offers the most holistic definition of this term and it's the 00:23:22.640 --> 00:23:30.240 physical manifestations and symbolic associations of a deity and so Kaho'olawe is actually the only 00:23:30.240 --> 00:23:37.280 major Hawaiian island that is a kinola'u for a deity and the body belongs to Kanaloa. According 00:23:37.280 --> 00:23:45.040 to several histories and chants from Kaho'olawe Tahitians belonging to a specific class of kahuna 00:23:45.040 --> 00:23:51.680 came to Hawai'i and brought their god to Ta'aroa with them and named the island after this deity which 00:23:51.680 --> 00:23:58.960 is supposed to be a a reason for why Kanaloa is connected to Kaho'olawe. Now as is the case with all 00:23:58.960 --> 00:24:05.200 of our stories and all of our traditions there's much variety in that so other stories of Kanaloa's 00:24:05.200 --> 00:24:10.880 arrival to Hawai'i differ and don't mention Tahiti at all don't mention Kaho'olawe at all 00:24:10.880 --> 00:24:16.400 but there is a consciousness that links these two deities and in our quest to learn about Kanaloa 00:24:16.400 --> 00:24:23.040 his counterparts including Ta'aroa are relevant and revealing it's not enough to just look at his 00:24:23.040 --> 00:24:29.360 Hawaiian manifestation in isolation because doing so causes really valuable information to be lost. 00:24:30.240 --> 00:24:38.080 so looking at some a variety of Tahitian texts Ta'aroa occupies the position of the creator 00:24:38.080 --> 00:24:42.720 god in the Tahitian pantheon he has a variety of forms and functions and roles but his primary 00:24:42.720 --> 00:24:49.040 position is that of creator. Ta'aroa is responsible for creating the entire Tahitian universe, he's 00:24:49.040 --> 00:24:54.640 responsible for creating the rest of the pantheon of Tahitian deities and so he occupies a very 00:24:55.280 --> 00:25:04.000 supreme and important position in the pantheon however when we look at English again 00:25:04.000 --> 00:25:10.960 authoritative texts on Tahitian religion his role as creator isn't as well developed as his position 00:25:10.960 --> 00:25:17.360 as a fishing god which is what gets focused on the most. Craig Hill Handy in particular focuses 00:25:17.360 --> 00:25:23.360 heavily on Ta'aroa having the primary role of a fishing deity in Tahitian society almost ignoring 00:25:23.360 --> 00:25:29.840 altogether that he occupies the role of creator this is significant because if the the deity that 00:25:29.840 --> 00:25:35.280 creates your entire universe is also connected to the ocean, is also connected to fishing 00:25:35.280 --> 00:25:40.400 that says something about what the ocean means and what ocean practices mean to your community. 00:25:41.360 --> 00:25:47.760 Gods reveal what is most important to a culture and to a people and to conflate Ta'aroa as just 00:25:47.760 --> 00:25:53.520 a fishing god ignores a lot of the importance that the oceanic realm had to this community 00:25:53.520 --> 00:25:58.480 and to these people and since many of the western scholars that studied Ta'aroa and wrote about him 00:25:58.480 --> 00:26:04.160 also studied Kanaloa and wrote about Kanaloa and Hawai'i. Ta'aro's conflation as just a fishing 00:26:04.160 --> 00:26:09.520 deity further isolates Kanaloa and studies of him in Hawai'i erasing their shared importance 00:26:09.520 --> 00:26:16.160 and responsibilities that they have outside of the oceanic realm. For example both Ta'aroa and 00:26:16.160 --> 00:26:25.040 Kanaloa their very deep connections to healing particularly but also death and the afterlife 00:26:25.680 --> 00:26:32.080 and by only focusing on Ta'aroa as a fishing deity which Kanaloa is notably not connected to fishing 00:26:32.080 --> 00:26:38.720 practices and Hawai'i just navigation there seems to be more disconnect than commonality between the 00:26:38.720 --> 00:26:44.960 two when reading western scholarship and so it's very important as we try to re-investigate these 00:26:44.960 --> 00:26:50.960 deities that we try and look at their broader lineages, their broader genealogies because they 00:26:50.960 --> 00:26:57.920 have in some extent moved through very distinct cultures, languages, landscapes and all of that 00:26:57.920 --> 00:27:04.560 adds to how we understand them as they land in a new island community. Now in my 00:27:04.560 --> 00:27:12.640 third chapter I discuss how Kanaloa within Hawaiian texts, Hawaiian academic texts 00:27:13.280 --> 00:27:20.320 was transformed into a Hawaiian concept of evil or a Hawaiian concept of the devil even with the 00:27:20.320 --> 00:27:26.080 advent of Christianity within academic circles and this is something I didn't realize until 00:27:26.080 --> 00:27:31.840 studying religion academically studying Hawaiian religion academically there are numerous texts 00:27:31.840 --> 00:27:36.800 still considered authoritative that purport the misconception Kanaloa represented something 00:27:36.800 --> 00:27:42.800 sinister to Hawaiians and this entire viewpoint comes from a very specific set of stories 00:27:42.800 --> 00:27:49.600 written by two Hawaiian scholars Samuel Kamakau and Kapelino Kealokalani, both scholars were 00:27:49.600 --> 00:27:56.640 native Hawaiians who grew up were born in a world pre-Christianity a Hawaiian world pre-Christianity 00:27:56.640 --> 00:28:03.520 but were more or less raised to be Christian and both of them set out to write a Hawaiian account 00:28:03.520 --> 00:28:09.520 of creation that connected Hawaiian traditions to the Bible and what they end up writing is what 00:28:09.520 --> 00:28:14.640 they call the Kumu Honua legends. Now I'm looking at the original transcripts of these legends you can 00:28:14.640 --> 00:28:22.000 tell that Kamakau and Kapilino are are authoring them themselves not as old traditional accounts 00:28:22.000 --> 00:28:27.760 but as their attempt to connect Hawaiian stories and Hawaiian deities to creation accounts within 00:28:27.760 --> 00:28:36.080 genesis. Within these stories you see Kane, Ku and Lono depicted as a sort of Hawaiian trinity. Kane 00:28:36.080 --> 00:28:42.000 being the leader of this this trinity ,the father so to speak and Kanaloa is kind of an outsider 00:28:42.000 --> 00:28:47.440 to them an outcast to them. The three within the trinity set out to create a person of the 00:28:47.440 --> 00:28:52.640 earth and they mold the being and they breathe life into him and the first human being is born. 00:28:53.360 --> 00:28:58.320 Kanaloa is extremely envious of this and he tries to create his own being but the being cannot 00:28:58.320 --> 00:29:03.840 doesn't come to life, he doesn't have the power to give it life and so Kanaloa sets out to grow 00:29:03.840 --> 00:29:09.760 thorny plants and bitter plants and tempt this human and all of its offspring to stray from the 00:29:09.760 --> 00:29:15.120 light of Kane. When you read this story if you're familiar with genesis or with the Bible at all you 00:29:15.120 --> 00:29:21.360 see immediately that this is a Hawaiian spin-off, a Hawaiian interpretation of the genesis account. 00:29:22.000 --> 00:29:27.600 However Abraham Fornander a sort of armchair anthropologist who studied and wrote 00:29:27.600 --> 00:29:34.080 extensively on Hawaiian religion and Hawaiian culture publishes this account as an authentic 00:29:34.080 --> 00:29:39.840 Hawaiian account of creation which goes on to allow several generations of scholars after him 00:29:40.400 --> 00:29:46.960 to treat this story as though it was a Hawaiian religious belief when in reality it is a Christian 00:29:47.680 --> 00:29:53.280 account and a Christian story that simply makes use of Hawaiian deities, Hawaiian 00:29:53.280 --> 00:29:59.840 names and certain aspects of Hawaiian culture and I do my best to to kind of break down why 00:29:59.840 --> 00:30:04.960 of all deities in the Hawaiian pantheon and specifically of the four major gods Kane 00:30:05.520 --> 00:30:12.240 Ku, Lono and Kanaloa. Kamakau and Kepelino would have selected Kanaloa to fill this role as 00:30:12.240 --> 00:30:18.320 a Hawaiian devil and this is largely because Kanaloa is connected to death he's connected to 00:30:18.320 --> 00:30:27.280 the afterlife and he's connected to the depth of the realm which has a Christian connotation 00:30:27.280 --> 00:30:35.360 to like the underworld or the death so he was the most fitting candidate to be a devil but it's 00:30:35.360 --> 00:30:41.520 important to note that when we look at these same authors accounts outside of the Kumu Honua legends 00:30:41.520 --> 00:30:47.600 they do not speak of Kanaloa as a sinister being this was something that they did in a specific 00:30:47.600 --> 00:30:54.400 story with a specific aim but unfortunately this account did lead to several scholars making the 00:30:54.400 --> 00:31:01.760 misconception and purporting the misunderstanding that Kanaloa was somehow sinister to us but as 00:31:01.760 --> 00:31:08.320 a ocean dependent and ocean-faring people we of course would not have seen the primary ocean god 00:31:08.320 --> 00:31:14.480 as sinister or negative in that way and so it's important to readdress these misconceptions 00:31:14.480 --> 00:31:22.800 especially since they've allowed for so much scholarship to kind of advance this incorrect idea. 00:31:24.400 --> 00:31:31.680 So in my second and and longest chapter I go over Kanaloa's functions as derived from Hawaiian 00:31:31.680 --> 00:31:38.400 language archives. Sorry I'm trying to change my screen but it doesn't seem to be working 00:31:40.640 --> 00:31:41.140 oh 00:31:43.760 --> 00:31:50.000 okay here we go. So in in researching Kanaloa within Hawaiian language archives 00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.880 I primarily turn to 19th and 20th century Hawaiian language newspapers 00:31:54.880 --> 00:32:01.360 and for those who aren't familiar with any of the with these archives from the 19th and 00:32:01.360 --> 00:32:08.560 20th century there were thousands of newspapers published by the by Hawaiian language speakers 00:32:08.560 --> 00:32:15.440 and they were a huge success I guess you could say Hawaiians who gained literacy really really 00:32:15.440 --> 00:32:20.720 loved contributing to these and within these resources we have so much valuable information 00:32:20.720 --> 00:32:26.560 about Hawaiian culture, Hawaiian religion, Hawaiian life and beliefs and so I turned to this archive 00:32:26.560 --> 00:32:32.400 to look at what the ancestral Hawaiian community had to say about Kanaloa and what their 00:32:32.960 --> 00:32:37.120 what information I could pull from these resources since so much of the western 00:32:37.120 --> 00:32:42.880 scholarship was sort of piecemeal-ed and largely drawn from secondary resources rather than primary 00:32:43.520 --> 00:32:49.680 and in research in Kanaloa in the nu'pepa, newspapers in the newspapers his name was most frequently mentioned 00:32:49.680 --> 00:32:58.080 in Kanikao which are funeral dirges Kanikao are really intimate kind of intense even chants of 00:32:58.080 --> 00:33:05.280 mourning, chants of lament they are deeply personal and it was very common within the nu'pepa, newspapers for 00:33:05.280 --> 00:33:11.040 Hawaiians to share these sort of in replace of an obituary which you would share today when a loved 00:33:11.040 --> 00:33:17.040 one died you would compose usually a very long mourning chant, a Kanikao and you would publish 00:33:17.040 --> 00:33:24.000 this in the newspaper to let those know about the loss and I found several thousand examples 00:33:24.000 --> 00:33:30.960 of Kanikao that specifically named Kanaloa as the deity that will greet their loved one in the 00:33:30.960 --> 00:33:37.600 afterlife and more specifically they talk about Kanalo's ala, his path and in looking at these 00:33:37.600 --> 00:33:44.320 Kanikao I pulled out several hundred examples of Kanaloa's path in connection to to death and 00:33:44.320 --> 00:33:49.920 the loss of a loved one on the screen here we have some of just a few of the examples sometimes the 00:33:49.920 --> 00:33:56.640 it's the na ala is ma'awe which is like narrow and rough sometimes it's muku which is silent 00:33:56.640 --> 00:34:05.040 huna is hidden, all of these laula is wide all of them depict very different imageries of what the 00:34:05.040 --> 00:34:11.360 path is but it's very clear that the path is one that leads from this material plane to the next, to 00:34:11.360 --> 00:34:19.520 the afterlife. This is really significant because outside of the sort of negative depictions Kanaloa 00:34:19.520 --> 00:34:24.960 gets within the Kumu Honua legends he's not widely connected to death or dying within scholarship 00:34:25.760 --> 00:34:32.160 and so this reveals that while he does have this connection to death and dying it's certainly not 00:34:32.160 --> 00:34:36.880 negative it's very positive nobody who was experiencing the loss of a loved one would 00:34:36.880 --> 00:34:43.680 have written about a sinister deity meeting them on this path and so it goes to show that Kanaloa 00:34:43.680 --> 00:34:49.040 was not only connected to the ocean but had a very meaningful connection a very deep connection to 00:34:49.040 --> 00:34:56.400 the afterlife and to death and dying. Outside of these Kanikao we can also see different ways 00:34:56.400 --> 00:35:03.360 that Kanaloa has been connected to death and dying particularly in looking at his dyadic relationship 00:35:03.360 --> 00:35:09.120 with Kane who is his natural counterpart. Kane is connected to the eastern hemisphere 00:35:09.120 --> 00:35:15.520 which is where the sun rises and there's a place connected to life and to birth. Conversely Kanaloa 00:35:15.520 --> 00:35:20.560 is connected to the western hemisphere where the sun sets which is a phenomenon and a place 00:35:20.560 --> 00:35:25.920 connected to death and to dying. Again this isn't supposed to be negative it's meant to show the 00:35:27.040 --> 00:35:31.200 complementary aspects between Kane and Kanaloa between living and between dying 00:35:32.000 --> 00:35:38.000 and it's not to make one negative and one positive and just show the way they they complement each 00:35:38.000 --> 00:35:44.800 other as deities representing these phenomena. Martha Beckwith a scholar who has produced 00:35:44.800 --> 00:35:51.920 some problematic scholarship, some good scholarship has made a very what I think is an astute point in 00:35:51.920 --> 00:35:58.160 commenting on Kane and Kanaloa's relationships and she remarks that we might understand Kanaloa as 00:35:58.160 --> 00:36:04.480 being connected to the embryonic stages of life so when we are in our mother's womb surrounded 00:36:04.480 --> 00:36:11.840 by water deep inside of her body we we are in the domain of Kanaloa but upon birth and entering this 00:36:12.480 --> 00:36:20.720 world of light we join into Kane's realm and it's not until our death that we rejoin Kanaloa so 00:36:20.720 --> 00:36:27.440 thinking of it as Kane being the principal deity connected to our time on the land and Kanaloa 00:36:27.440 --> 00:36:34.240 being the principal deity during our time after life and before we are born in our mother's womb 00:36:36.480 --> 00:36:42.960 and and looking at Kane and Kanaloa's relationship we can find a lot of other examples 00:36:43.520 --> 00:36:51.040 of this sort of them being paired together and representing different lines of an extreme. 00:36:51.840 --> 00:36:57.920 One can be in looking at stories of Kane and Kanaloa as water finders so when we look at mo'olelo 00:36:59.920 --> 00:37:05.040 about Kane and Kanaloa many of them depict them as arriving to Hawai'i before there's any 00:37:05.040 --> 00:37:11.040 humans, before there's any other gods and before there's any water above ground all the streams 00:37:11.040 --> 00:37:16.960 all the rivers are still in underground aquifers and the two are traveling the islands together and 00:37:16.960 --> 00:37:23.280 they get thirsty for some awa and they need fresh water to mix their awa with. Kane has a digging 00:37:23.280 --> 00:37:29.520 stick, a big o'o and he's the one to break the earth open so that the underground water will shoot 00:37:29.520 --> 00:37:34.480 up from the surface this is part of the reason why Kane is it got associated with fresh water 00:37:34.480 --> 00:37:40.720 above ground, with our rivers, with our streams but notably in these stories Kanaloa is the 00:37:40.720 --> 00:37:46.640 one to tell Kane where to break the ground open which is revealing that he has knowledge about 00:37:46.640 --> 00:37:53.840 where submarine submarine groundwater exists he's connected to the underground aquifers and the 00:37:53.840 --> 00:38:00.240 premier scholar of Hawaiian religion Pua Kanahele has noted that Kanaloa is not just associated 00:38:00.240 --> 00:38:06.960 with the ocean with kai, which is salt water but is also associated with wai, fresh water that is still 00:38:06.960 --> 00:38:13.360 underground. So Kane is connected to fresh water above ground that we can see that we can access 00:38:13.360 --> 00:38:18.720 Kanaloa is connected to submarine groundwater that we cannot see and we cannot easily access. 00:38:20.080 --> 00:38:23.120 In looking at the Hawaiian language newspapers 00:38:23.680 --> 00:38:36.320 I found a variety of articles written by native Hawaiians on the island Kauai describing Kawaiakanaloa, a body of fresh water, a specific body of fresh water that was named for Kanaloa. 00:38:37.040 --> 00:38:42.000 This body is supposed to somewhat secret but it is supposedly near the Haena region 00:38:42.000 --> 00:38:47.840 on the North shore of Kauai and the articles talked about how people would come near and far 00:38:48.560 --> 00:38:56.880 to to go to this spring, this body of water which was fed from a puna, a spring deep deep underground 00:38:56.880 --> 00:39:02.240 and because the water was pumping up from deep in the earth it was extremely mineral rich and it 00:39:02.240 --> 00:39:08.880 had healing powers people would come far and wide to have mental, physical, emotional, even spiritual 00:39:08.880 --> 00:39:15.280 ailments healed by being in this pond and sitting in this water and so this this not only furthers 00:39:15.280 --> 00:39:22.160 evidence of Kanaloa's connection to groundwater but also extends the ways we can conceive of him 00:39:22.160 --> 00:39:27.360 as a healing deity he does have other connections to healing particularly in connection to his 00:39:27.360 --> 00:39:34.080 kinolau, the he'e, the octopus. He'e means to slip and to slide and it is used in a lot of healing chants 00:39:34.080 --> 00:39:40.960 and healing practices to encourage illness to slip and slide away from us but outside of these 00:39:40.960 --> 00:39:46.480 practices we can also see that he's connected to certain healing waters which is very significant 00:39:46.480 --> 00:39:55.760 in expanding his roles and functions beyond just the ocean. Now Pua Kanehele has also noted that 00:39:55.760 --> 00:40:02.400 a deities kinolao, their bodies, their manifest manifestations reveal aspects of the gods 00:40:02.400 --> 00:40:08.560 character and of the the domains and functions that they have. In reading about Kanaloa's kinolao 00:40:08.560 --> 00:40:15.840 he notably only has one plant body or form. Mary Kawena Pukui lists out these forms and she notes 00:40:15.840 --> 00:40:22.000 that Kanaloa's plant kinolao is the banana but she also notes that it's the banana and plants of 00:40:22.000 --> 00:40:28.560 a similar type but she doesn't explain or expand on what this type of plant is. So I spent some 00:40:28.560 --> 00:40:34.880 time thinking and researching banana plants and I found that while they are colloquially considered 00:40:34.880 --> 00:40:41.520 trees, banana trees they're botanically classed as a berry which I found very fascinating but as 00:40:42.080 --> 00:40:47.920 not true trees they don't have the vascular tissues on their trunk that trees use to store 00:40:47.920 --> 00:40:52.880 water for long periods of time. Instead a banana trunk works similar to the way an underground 00:40:52.880 --> 00:40:59.920 aquifer works holding water in large tubes that move through the plant almost continuously and so 00:40:59.920 --> 00:41:06.320 if you actually cut a banana tree in half and wait the stump will fill with potable drinking water 00:41:06.320 --> 00:41:10.640 and in this way we can see how the banana plant has a similar function to underground 00:41:10.640 --> 00:41:15.520 aquifers and that that is the phenomenon that Kanaloa is representing in the space 00:41:15.520 --> 00:41:21.280 the phenomenon of unseen water unseen drinkable potable water that is moving through the earth 00:41:21.280 --> 00:41:27.200 through the subterranean realms. This expands on his connections and realms beyond just the ocean 00:41:27.200 --> 00:41:33.440 and into deep water and into depth in general which is very significant and looking at some 00:41:33.440 --> 00:41:39.360 of Kanaloa's other kinolao we can also see more things that are revealing of his character 00:41:39.360 --> 00:41:46.160 revealing of his true self. Notably the bulk of Kanaloa's kinolao are animals that stay 00:41:46.160 --> 00:41:50.960 in in deep water they are not animals that were widely eaten by Hawaiians a 00:41:50.960 --> 00:41:57.600 lot of these animals have connotations of of mistrust such as the the stingray, the hihimanu 00:41:57.600 --> 00:42:03.760 animals that were hard for us to perceive and interact with were considered elusive 00:42:03.760 --> 00:42:11.360 and like the he'e, Kanaloa is slippery and elusive in looking at his bodies and forms he is not a 00:42:11.360 --> 00:42:18.240 deity that is easy to see easy to interact with as opposed to other major forms of divine like Kane 00:42:18.240 --> 00:42:23.840 and Ku and Lono whose manifestations are plants and animals that we regularly engage with and 00:42:23.840 --> 00:42:29.840 interact with on a regular basis for our survival. Kanaloa has none of these forms or manifestations 00:42:30.720 --> 00:42:37.040 and which is revealed and his character being sort of elusive to us as humans who live on the land 00:42:38.320 --> 00:42:47.840 In looking at aumakua manifestations of deities all gods typically have aumakua forms. 00:42:47.840 --> 00:42:53.520 An aumakua is an ancestral guardian a family guardian and it's most typically an animal. 00:42:54.880 --> 00:42:59.520 Kanaloa and even in looking in primary Hawaiian language resources it's very clear 00:42:59.520 --> 00:43:05.280 that Kanaloa has no aumakua manifestations he as a deity doesn't have a variety of 00:43:06.000 --> 00:43:12.560 forms manifestations that are connected to people specifically but in looking at his kinolao 00:43:12.560 --> 00:43:19.760 and his his elusive character we can understand why as the the principal deity connected to 00:43:19.760 --> 00:43:25.920 the embryonic stages of life and to death he doesn't serve a prevalent function in the everyday 00:43:25.920 --> 00:43:31.840 lives of humans and as such he doesn't take on the role of being a guardian, being an aumakua for us 00:43:32.400 --> 00:43:38.160 in this way. Again this is not to say that he's negative or that people looked upon him with any 00:43:38.160 --> 00:43:43.920 kind of disdain but in being able and seeking out an aumakua you want something that you can readily 00:43:43.920 --> 00:43:49.280 access readily see and that is not something that Kanaloa represents he's harder to perceive. 00:43:50.240 --> 00:43:57.760 I also think it's revealing of the way Kanaloa exists beyond human concepts and human 00:43:58.560 --> 00:44:05.440 constructs so an example of this can be seen again and looking at his connection to Kaho'olawe. 00:44:05.440 --> 00:44:10.960 I've mentioned previously that the only major island that is a kinolao of a god is Kaho'olawe 00:44:10.960 --> 00:44:19.840 and it is belongs to Kanaloa. One of the poetic names for Kaho'olawe is kohe a malamalama a kanaloa 00:44:19.840 --> 00:44:25.920 which translates to the shining vagina of Kanaloa which is a very puzzling statement since 00:44:25.920 --> 00:44:32.160 most people consider Kanaloa to be male and most typically he is described as a major male form 00:44:32.160 --> 00:44:39.520 of the divine but in in thinking about Hawaiian religious philosophy it's important to note that 00:44:40.960 --> 00:44:46.720 Kanaloa doesn't get his characteristics from the ocean. The ocean gets its characteristics from 00:44:46.720 --> 00:44:52.400 Kanaloa that's the way the Hawaiian religious philosophy works now on the land there are no 00:44:52.400 --> 00:44:57.680 animals that can change gender but in the ocean there are a variety of fish species that are 00:44:57.680 --> 00:45:03.600 able to switch their gender. According to Hawaiian religious philosophy these sea animals get that 00:45:03.600 --> 00:45:09.760 quality from Kanaloa who is not a gendered being he doesn't belong to any kind of gender binary 00:45:10.400 --> 00:45:16.480 and this point shows that as an ocean deity who represents an elusive other realm Kanaloa was 00:45:16.480 --> 00:45:25.440 unique and beyond human constructs like gender as one example and so in the conclusion of my 00:45:26.720 --> 00:45:32.080 thesis and of my work I argue that there's a variety of different ways we can understand 00:45:32.080 --> 00:45:37.200 Kanaloa and that most of them point to the ways that he's not a readily accessible deity 00:45:37.200 --> 00:45:44.640 but more centered on our pre-birth and after life stages and because of that I argue that 00:45:44.640 --> 00:45:51.120 he's representative more of the subconscious aspects of our life that go beyond our very 00:45:51.120 --> 00:45:57.600 obvious cognitive needs again in looking at his relationship to Kane we can see that Kane is the 00:45:57.600 --> 00:46:03.600 god of the sky, of the sunrise, of fresh water above ground and of our staple foods like Kalo 00:46:05.280 --> 00:46:10.240 and because of this he can be conceived of as the principal deity connected to humanity's vital 00:46:10.240 --> 00:46:16.480 needs connected to our survival. As his natural counterpart we can understand why Kanaloa takes 00:46:16.480 --> 00:46:22.640 on a less obvious and less prominent role in human lives it's not that he's less important but his 00:46:22.640 --> 00:46:29.440 roles are connected to the sea, where humans cannot survive indefinitely. He's connected to death which 00:46:29.440 --> 00:46:33.920 is a realm that we cannot easily perceive and a realm that we tend to associate with death 00:46:34.640 --> 00:46:40.400 and that we can't just readily understand it's not something we can readily study and 00:46:40.400 --> 00:46:46.560 access like these other domains that other deities deal with. I believe Beckwith is really correct in 00:46:46.560 --> 00:46:51.920 stating that we understand Kane as the general high god for humans during their life on earth 00:46:51.920 --> 00:46:58.640 while Kanaloa is the main deity for us in the womb and for life after death. Therefore the phases 00:46:58.640 --> 00:47:05.200 where Kanaloa is most dominant are not visible to living humans they're the stages that bookend 00:47:05.200 --> 00:47:11.040 our conscious life and our existence and then this way we might understand Kanaloa as the 00:47:11.040 --> 00:47:18.000 subconscious to Kane's conscious. Kanaloa was additionally connected to fresh water, deep deep 00:47:18.000 --> 00:47:23.440 underground and he has an intimate connection to the earth's subterranean realms via his connection 00:47:23.440 --> 00:47:29.840 to underground aquifers as well as to the ocean which is the deepest portions of our earth in 00:47:29.840 --> 00:47:35.520 this way his association with death in general becomes evident and in looking at his connections 00:47:35.520 --> 00:47:42.560 to healing specifically to to mourning and then kanikao the the loss and death I think it's 00:47:43.360 --> 00:47:49.280 interesting to look at Kanaloa's function as a god of psychology and looking at his therapeutic 00:47:49.280 --> 00:47:55.440 functions in terms of healing as well. The scholar Taupouri Tongaro has noted that Kanaloa 00:47:55.440 --> 00:48:01.840 doesn't just represent depth of the earth but depth of self and deep thinking and then this 00:48:01.840 --> 00:48:07.840 way we can start to understand how both Kanaloa and the ocean realm he represented were connected 00:48:07.840 --> 00:48:13.600 to our psychological well-being and served a sort of therapeutic function which i think we can all 00:48:14.400 --> 00:48:19.680 relate to in some small way if we live near the ocean and you're experiencing turmoil I 00:48:19.680 --> 00:48:25.360 think we all feel that need to get into the water, to get into the ocean it is still 00:48:25.360 --> 00:48:30.320 very much a healing place for us but in looking at Kanaloa's wider connections 00:48:30.880 --> 00:48:36.400 and the functions that he serves we can really understand how and why both Kanaloa and the 00:48:36.400 --> 00:48:41.840 ocean take on this really deep meaningful healing psychological aspect and role. 00:48:42.400 --> 00:48:47.200 Now all Hawaiian deities have an underlying philosophy that they embody 00:48:47.200 --> 00:48:52.960 their roles function and importance can change considerably over time as the people who keep them 00:48:52.960 --> 00:49:01.200 change and but nevertheless they encapsulate and symbolize a set phenomenon and express a set idea 00:49:01.200 --> 00:49:06.960 and as the principal ocean deity Kanaloa represents how Hawaiians in part understood the ocean realm 00:49:08.480 --> 00:49:13.520 and is revealed very much as a place of healing as a place connected to to death 00:49:13.520 --> 00:49:18.640 and dying as a place connected to our beginnings the embryonic stage of life 00:49:19.920 --> 00:49:27.600 compared to Kane, Kanaloa appears chaotic even intimidating but that's not to diminish the 00:49:28.400 --> 00:49:35.760 importance of his roles in our life it's very easy to miss this and just engaging with english 00:49:35.760 --> 00:49:41.680 scholarship but when we dive into the wealth and depth of knowledge and Hawaiian language resources 00:49:41.680 --> 00:49:48.720 we see all of these bits of information that help us better understand these deities and the natural 00:49:48.720 --> 00:49:56.080 phenomenon that they represent. There's something very subconscious about Kanaloa, he's of the psyche, 00:49:56.080 --> 00:50:01.600 the the human mind and the spirit and so it makes sense that he was difficult to understand 00:50:01.600 --> 00:50:07.600 but I think we need to recognize that in engaging with primary resources and engaging with Hawaiian 00:50:07.600 --> 00:50:13.120 language resources we are able to pull out a lot of very important very detailed information 00:50:13.680 --> 00:50:20.000 about our cultural practices and about our beliefs so that's just 00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:25.840 something that I always like to advocate for and all the work I do is whether we're trying to 00:50:27.200 --> 00:50:32.880 write religious theses or create scientific documents and produce data on the ocean it's 00:50:32.880 --> 00:50:37.040 always important to consider primary resources it's always important to consider cultural 00:50:37.040 --> 00:50:44.000 resources and cultural expertise to give context to the domain and the space that we're 00:50:44.000 --> 00:50:50.320 working in and I think Kanaloa is a case in point and and judging by the polls that we had earlier 00:50:50.320 --> 00:50:57.360 a lot of this information is new to us and I do hope whether you are scientists or just ocean 00:50:57.360 --> 00:51:03.440 lovers that this information will help change your relationship with Kanaloa moving forward 00:51:04.400 --> 00:51:09.840 and I just want to recognizing how many of us are on this call I just want to take a moment to thank 00:51:09.840 --> 00:51:16.240 you all so much for coming here today and spending time I know we all spend too much time on zoom as 00:51:16.240 --> 00:51:23.440 of late or on webinars as of late and so I really appreciate the attention and I tried to keep this 00:51:23.440 --> 00:51:28.880 short enough so we can answer some questions if we have any, we have a little bit of time 00:51:28.880 --> 00:51:35.840 but that's my presentation for today and I just want to yeah mahalo everybody for listening. 00:51:41.360 --> 00:51:47.520 Okay mahalo Jane that was awesome we have a lot of positive comments on your presentation so thank 00:51:47.520 --> 00:51:55.360 you for that. We do have a lot of questions that we'll try to get through. So I think 00:51:55.360 --> 00:52:03.840 first question oh let me so feel free to keep submitting questions via the 00:52:04.640 --> 00:52:08.400 chat box if we don't get to your question we will save them 00:52:08.400 --> 00:52:13.280 and share them with Jane and we will send them out via the email that you registered with 00:52:13.280 --> 00:52:19.200 at a later date hopefully within a week or so. All right let's start off with the first question. 00:52:22.240 --> 00:52:28.000 When you say Kanaloa is connected to death can we think of that as being connected to Po. 00:52:29.920 --> 00:52:35.520 Yes I didn't use the word Po in this presentation specifically because I wasn't sure 00:52:35.520 --> 00:52:41.520 how familiar the audience would be with it but in reading primary Hawaiian language resources there 00:52:41.520 --> 00:52:47.280 is a lot of language about Kanaloa's connection specifically to the Po and for those who don't 00:52:47.280 --> 00:52:54.880 know Po is our term for night, for darkness and it's sort of the word we have for not just 00:52:54.880 --> 00:52:59.360 the afterlife but sort of the the realm where our beginnings began where our entire universe 00:52:59.360 --> 00:53:04.160 was born from there is a lot of evidence that Kanaloa is connected to that realm specifically. 00:53:07.360 --> 00:53:09.040 Excellent thank you 00:53:11.440 --> 00:53:13.840 Okay next question. 00:53:18.720 --> 00:53:25.360 Do you find any connection between Kanaloa and Uhi like we find in other parts of the Pacific ? 00:53:27.440 --> 00:53:31.520 I do yes so in in certain parts of the specif Pacific 00:53:32.400 --> 00:53:37.920 Kanaloa's manifestations seem to take on a very prominent role in connection 00:53:37.920 --> 00:53:45.120 to Uhi but they also do in Hawai'i as well particularly because Uhi which is the practice of 00:53:45.120 --> 00:53:51.600 of tattooing, traditional tattooing falls under the work of Kane and as Kane's natural 00:53:51.600 --> 00:53:57.520 counterpart it makes sense that Kanaloa would also have a connection to this work 00:53:58.400 --> 00:54:06.240 particularly in the way that the tattoo's function as a connection to your ancestors, a connection 00:54:06.240 --> 00:54:13.200 to those who came before you and looking at how Kanaloa is connected to your time in the 00:54:13.200 --> 00:54:19.200 in embryonic stage before your birth and to your time after death we can see how he takes on this 00:54:19.200 --> 00:54:25.840 ancestral aspect of connecting you before you're born to the time after you've lived your life and 00:54:25.840 --> 00:54:32.480 there's a similar function with with tattooing and connecting you to those who came before you as 00:54:32.480 --> 00:54:38.320 one who's come after them and so in that way there is a connection to Kanaloa and that work. 00:54:41.200 --> 00:54:48.640 Awesome okay and then the next question. Can you briefly speak 00:54:48.640 --> 00:54:53.520 to any other connection between Kanaloa and other Hawaiian deities? 00:54:56.480 --> 00:55:04.080 Sure it's really interesting because Kanaloa doesn't seem to have too many broad connections 00:55:04.080 --> 00:55:09.200 to the deities outside of Kane, at least on what I've seen I will preface this by saying 00:55:09.200 --> 00:55:14.160 that I have not exhausted Hawaiian language resources on Kanaloa so there might be a mo'olelo 00:55:16.240 --> 00:55:20.000 or something out there that would discount this belief but at least in what I've 00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:25.600 seen typically when Kanaloa is mentioned in a mo'olelo in a story that's discussing a 00:55:25.600 --> 00:55:33.600 lot of deities he's sort of the silent partner of Kane he's always named with Kane not alone 00:55:33.600 --> 00:55:38.000 and he rarely has a speaking role but he's always there, he's always present 00:55:38.560 --> 00:55:43.120 and so I guess this isn't so much an example of his connection to other deities but it's 00:55:43.120 --> 00:55:49.360 interesting to see that when he is depicted in some kind of you know bodily form as a god 00:55:49.920 --> 00:55:56.080 he's almost always just the sort of silent counterpart to Kane he doesn't really take 00:55:56.080 --> 00:56:01.440 on a lot of speaking roles he might do things in the story but he doesn't speak much and I think 00:56:01.440 --> 00:56:07.200 that's kind of revealing of the way that he's not taking the the most active role on the things that 00:56:07.200 --> 00:56:14.080 are happening on the land to these living already born beings it kind of further shows where his 00:56:14.080 --> 00:56:20.000 function lies as juxtaposed to the other deities who are centered on specific natural phenomenon 00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:26.000 specific work specific functions connected to human functioning lives if that makes sense. 00:56:29.360 --> 00:56:36.320 Thank you Jane. We probably have time for one more question you guys have a lot of questions 00:56:36.320 --> 00:56:44.480 so i'm filtering through them. So would the nai'a or dolphins be considered a kinolao of 00:56:44.480 --> 00:56:54.480 Kanaloa or another deity. So nai'a is a kinolao of Kanaloa and Pua Kanahele actually notes that the 00:56:54.480 --> 00:57:02.640 nai'a is one of the few kinolao Kanaloa has that reveal his playful side and so I didn't discuss this in my 00:57:02.640 --> 00:57:07.760 in this lecture. I did think about it though in talking about Kanaloa's kinolao and 00:57:07.760 --> 00:57:13.680 his functions there's a focus and emphasis on how they are slippery and elusive and kind of stick to 00:57:13.680 --> 00:57:20.320 the depths but the nai'a, the dolphin is one of the few kinolao he has that show his playful side 00:57:20.320 --> 00:57:25.520 because the ocean isn't just an unknown place it's really deep and scary we have a lot of fun in the 00:57:25.520 --> 00:57:31.760 ocean it's a really happy and meaningful place to us and the nai'a is revealing of his more playful 00:57:31.760 --> 00:57:38.560 qualities and characteristics and if anybody's ever swam with with nai'a or or gone out and seen 00:57:38.560 --> 00:57:44.320 them in the water you know that that's they always look like they're having so much fun and that's 00:57:44.320 --> 00:57:50.720 the a part of Kanaloa's quality and character as well and this isn't a question that was asked but 00:57:50.720 --> 00:57:55.280 it's something that just making me think of it really briefly before we end I think it's really 00:57:55.280 --> 00:57:59.920 interesting that while Kanaloa is connected to navigating and connected to the ocean he's not 00:57:59.920 --> 00:58:06.160 connected to fishing practices in Hawai'i like Ta'aroa is in Tahiti which I think makes sense 00:58:06.160 --> 00:58:12.560 because why would Kanaloa be connected to the practice of killing his bodies and his forms most 00:58:12.560 --> 00:58:20.400 fish and marine life are his kinolao and so that domain belongs to Ku who is our deity of of war 00:58:20.400 --> 00:58:26.800 but also of tools and making use of tools and so that's an interesting distinction to keep in mind 00:58:26.800 --> 00:58:31.840 that Hawaiians didn't conceive of Kanaloa as a fishing deity in any way he wasn't associated with 00:58:31.840 --> 00:58:37.600 the killing of marine life just with the ocean and with navigating it it's an interesting point. 00:58:40.160 --> 00:58:44.400 Thank you Jane and thank you everyone you guys have a lot of great questions so 00:58:44.400 --> 00:58:49.600 as I previously mentioned we will share all the unanswered questions with Jane and we'll send 00:58:49.600 --> 00:58:56.960 it out to everyone that has attended this webinar and now we're gonna go ahead and do a few closing 00:58:58.400 --> 00:59:07.120 slides and let me which will be done by Allen. So while we're waiting for the slides I want to again 00:59:07.120 --> 00:59:14.080 thank Jane. I think you have a whole new fan club now of people who know about you and your 00:59:14.080 --> 00:59:19.440 work and for those of you on the phone who didn't get your online, who didn't get 00:59:19.440 --> 00:59:25.280 your questions answered what's nice about this program that we have is that we can we know 00:59:25.280 --> 00:59:30.480 who you are and we know your emails and so we have recorded all the questions you have typed 00:59:30.480 --> 00:59:36.240 in, we will send them to Jane and she will get back to you at some point. I probably forgot to mention 00:59:36.240 --> 00:59:42.160 because I was in such a hurry to introduce Jane is that she's the Program Director for 'Aina Momona 00:59:42.160 --> 00:59:46.960 and you can go to their homepage and learn more about her program and what they're doing and I am 00:59:46.960 --> 00:59:51.520 proud to say that the Humpback Whale Sanctuary just signed an MOA, memorandum of agreement with Jane's 00:59:52.080 --> 00:59:56.800 group and so I expect because I think one of the questions was we need to have Jane back on again 00:59:56.800 --> 01:00:01.360 so Jane certainly I think you and I will be working more about how we can get your information 01:00:01.360 --> 01:00:08.320 out to the public so thank you. Absolutely. Cool and several have asked it has this 01:00:08.320 --> 01:00:14.960 been recorded yes it is recorded and will be closed captioned and we'll go on to the webinar 01:00:14.960 --> 01:00:22.240 archive so people can watch Jane as many times as they want to once it gets posted. So next slide. 01:00:22.240 --> 01:00:27.040 We have several webinars coming up that I want people to know about but before I talk about that 01:00:27.920 --> 01:00:31.200 each of you will get one hour of professional development 01:00:31.840 --> 01:00:37.360 and we will send this certificate out hopefully within the next 48 hours to all of 01:00:37.360 --> 01:00:45.520 you who are who did attend and stayed with us on this lecture and like I said coming up next slide 01:00:45.520 --> 01:00:53.520 coming up we do have more talks in the works and we do want your comments so please let us 01:00:53.520 --> 01:00:57.760 know, go online let us know what you thought about this talk what you would like to hear 01:00:57.760 --> 01:01:02.880 in the future and what other things that the sanctuary can do for you. Next slide. 01:01:05.040 --> 01:01:11.680 Okay so our next slide February 9th is Makaala Kaaumoana from the island of Kauai she'll be talking about 01:01:11.680 --> 01:01:18.320 an area that she lives in, Hanalei and that whole north shore area of Kauai so you can already go 01:01:18.320 --> 01:01:26.240 online and register for that talk and following Maka'ala will be in March I believe the next talk 01:01:26.240 --> 01:01:34.400 will be on oh sorry I'm wrong we actually have two a a two day teacher workshop two 01:01:34.400 --> 01:01:42.240 two hours each we're each education coordinator from the three sanctuaries here in the Pacific 01:01:42.240 --> 01:01:46.320 Papahanamokuakea, The National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa, of course the Humpback Whale 01:01:46.320 --> 01:01:52.160 Sanctuary in association with the Waikiki aquarium we'll be holding a teacher workshop for two hours 01:01:52.160 --> 01:01:56.240 where they basically basically will be having virtual lessons that you can learn 01:01:56.240 --> 01:02:01.120 and this really is open to anybody so please feel free to go online and register for that 01:02:01.120 --> 01:02:08.320 and then in March I believe our next talk will be from Dr. Ward on Cephalopods, he'e 01:02:09.040 --> 01:02:15.840 of Hawai'i and she is on the island of Kauai so she will be doing a presentation 01:02:15.840 --> 01:02:24.080 on octopi and we just added another talk next slide in April on Whale sharks so different 01:02:24.080 --> 01:02:31.280 kind of whale animal it's a Whale shark and we'll be talking the talk would be given by Travis from 01:02:31.280 --> 01:02:38.240 the island the Big island in Kona so please join us for those and I believe that is the last slide. 01:02:40.880 --> 01:02:45.600 So again i want to thank Jane for taking time to put this presentation together, I 01:02:45.600 --> 01:02:50.480 want to thank all of you who attended us or attended the talk today 01:02:50.480 --> 01:02:55.840 and please give us your comments and i just want to say thank you for joining us 01:02:57.040 --> 01:03:01.840 Aloha 01:03:10.160 --> 01:03:10.660