WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.360 Hi everyone. Welcome to the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries' annual Get 00:00:03.360 --> 00:00:07.359 Into your Sanctuary celebration. I am Shannon Ricles the Education and 00:00:07.359 --> 00:00:10.240 Outreach Coordinator for Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, 00:00:10.240 --> 00:00:14.000 and I'd like to thank you today for joining us. But before we tell you more about 00:00:14.000 --> 00:00:19.199 our sanctuary, let's take a look at the National Marine Sanctuary System. 00:00:19.199 --> 00:00:23.760 NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary System consists of 14 marine protected areas 00:00:23.760 --> 00:00:26.960 that encompass more than 600,000 square miles 00:00:26.960 --> 00:00:31.279 of marine and Great Lakes waters from Washington State to the Florida Keys and 00:00:31.279 --> 00:00:34.880 from Lake Huron to American Samoa. 00:00:34.880 --> 00:00:38.000 In fact did you know that the majority of the water within NOAA's national 00:00:38.000 --> 00:00:41.520 marine sanctuaries are open to compatible and responsible recreational 00:00:41.520 --> 00:00:45.280 activities? So if you enjoy kayaking, snorkeling, 00:00:45.280 --> 00:00:48.559 wreck fishing, scuba diving, or just being near the water, 00:00:48.559 --> 00:00:52.640 we invite you to visit your sanctuary system. As always, we encourage 00:00:52.640 --> 00:00:55.680 sustainable tourism and stewardship opportunities 00:00:55.680 --> 00:00:59.280 as these activities generate considerable benefits for our local 00:00:59.280 --> 00:01:01.920 economies. 00:01:02.239 --> 00:01:06.000 Now as you watch this presentation, if you have any questions during the Watch 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:08.560 Party please enter them into the comment section. 00:01:08.560 --> 00:01:12.000 I'll be monitoring the questions and try to respond as quickly as I can at the 00:01:12.000 --> 00:01:16.080 end of the presentation. There will also be an email 00:01:16.080 --> 00:01:19.520 address at the end of the presentation where you can send any additional 00:01:19.520 --> 00:01:24.000 questions that you might want to ask. So let's get started. Today we'd like to 00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:27.680 welcome our presenter Tane Casserley. Tane joined the Office of 00:01:27.680 --> 00:01:30.560 National Marine Sanctuaries in the spring of 2001, 00:01:30.560 --> 00:01:34.000 and currently, he is the Resource Protection and Permit Coordinator for 00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:38.159 Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. Tane holds a graduate certificate in 00:01:38.159 --> 00:01:41.119 maritime archaeology from the University of Hawaii 00:01:41.119 --> 00:01:44.880 and a master's degree from the Program in Maritime Studies at East Carolina 00:01:44.880 --> 00:01:48.000 University. Tane has led NOAA archaeological 00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:51.439 expeditions in the Florida Keys, the Great Lakes, California, 00:01:51.439 --> 00:01:55.840 the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Alaska, and the USS Monitor. 00:01:55.840 --> 00:01:58.960 He's participated in projects including a sunken 00:01:58.960 --> 00:02:04.479 Boeing B-29 Superfortress in Lake Mead, a Civil War blockade runner in Bermuda, 00:02:04.479 --> 00:02:08.879 the USS Arizona in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and was most recently part of an 00:02:08.879 --> 00:02:13.360 expedition to the RMS Titanic. Tane's focus now is on World War II's 00:02:13.360 --> 00:02:16.400 Battle of the Atlantic off the coast of North Carolina. 00:02:16.400 --> 00:02:20.319 And Tane's projects have used technical diving, remotely operated vehicles, 00:02:20.319 --> 00:02:25.040 autonomous underwater vehicles, and manned submersibles. Now before we 00:02:25.040 --> 00:02:28.959 get started, let's test your Monitor knowledge. See 00:02:28.959 --> 00:02:32.800 if you can answer the following three questions. You can type your answers into 00:02:32.800 --> 00:02:37.840 the comment box as each one pops up. 00:02:38.480 --> 00:02:41.760 So - first question. 00:02:44.080 --> 00:02:47.840 What type of ship was the USS Monitor? 00:02:47.840 --> 00:02:55.680 a) wooden frigate; b) sloop of war; c) ironclad. So type your answer into the 00:02:55.680 --> 00:02:58.560 comment section. 00:02:59.360 --> 00:03:05.120 And if you chose 'c', you were correct. It was an ironclad. 00:03:05.120 --> 00:03:08.959 Now, when did researchers discover the USS Monitor wreck site? 00:03:08.959 --> 00:03:19.760 a)1965; b)1973 or c) 1993 00:03:19.760 --> 00:03:25.680 If you chose 'b', you are correct. And last question, USS Monitor battled 00:03:25.680 --> 00:03:28.879 which ship in the Battle of Hampton Roads? 00:03:28.879 --> 00:03:33.040 a) CSS Virginia; b) Old Ironsides; or 00:03:33.040 --> 00:03:35.680 c) CSS Alabama. 00:03:37.200 --> 00:03:41.840 And the answer is the CSS Virginia. 00:03:42.400 --> 00:03:46.000 Okay. Great job everyone. It looks like some of our audience knows 00:03:46.000 --> 00:03:49.440 quite a bit about the Monitor. But no worries if you don't, because it's time 00:03:49.440 --> 00:03:52.080 to sit back and relax as Tane takes you back 00:03:52.080 --> 00:04:01.840 to 1861 and the USS Monitor. Okay Tane, it is all yours. 00:04:06.400 --> 00:04:10.159 (Tane speaking) Oh fantastic Shannon. Thank you so much. Today we're going to be talking 00:04:10.159 --> 00:04:13.040 about America's first national marine sanctuary. 00:04:13.040 --> 00:04:16.000 And as Shannon said I'm a maritime archaeologist. I'm also the Resource 00:04:16.000 --> 00:04:18.479 Protection and Permit Coordinator for 00:04:18.479 --> 00:04:21.919 the sanctuary. So the Monitor sanctuary--we're the 00:04:21.919 --> 00:04:24.880 nation's first national marine sanctuary. We're located off the coast of 00:04:24.880 --> 00:04:28.080 North Carolina. You can see we're right here. See my 00:04:28.080 --> 00:04:31.520 cursor is circling it. We're about 16 miles offshore 00:04:31.520 --> 00:04:35.120 about 230 feet of water, where the Gulf Stream current, coming 00:04:35.120 --> 00:04:38.639 from the south, and the Labrador, coming from the north, literally collide 00:04:38.639 --> 00:04:42.880 on top of the shipwreck site making it a really of dynamic and exciting 00:04:42.880 --> 00:04:47.199 environment to work in and bringing in a bunch of marine life, and also makes it 00:04:47.199 --> 00:04:51.280 very challenging for us to document the site. So let me 00:04:51.280 --> 00:04:57.280 take you back to 1861, where it all began. So in April of 1861, Virginia seceded 00:04:57.280 --> 00:05:01.520 from the Union, and they abandoned what was known as the 00:05:01.520 --> 00:05:05.360 Union navies of the United States Navy's Gosport Navy Yard, which is a yard that 00:05:05.360 --> 00:05:08.240 had naval supplies. The navy ships would come 00:05:08.240 --> 00:05:11.039 and tie up, and they had the warehouses where all 00:05:11.039 --> 00:05:15.039 those Navy stores of gunpowder and ammunition were there. 00:05:15.039 --> 00:05:18.800 So the Union Navy didn't want the South, the Confederates, to get a hold of this. 00:05:18.800 --> 00:05:21.600 So they burned everything, because they couldn't take it with them. 00:05:21.600 --> 00:05:25.120 And one of those things they burned because they couldn't move it 00:05:25.120 --> 00:05:28.400 at the time was the USS Merrimack, which is the steam frigate. 00:05:28.400 --> 00:05:32.240 the Merrimack was a little bit of an older vessel steam frigate so it looked 00:05:32.240 --> 00:05:35.600 like a sailing vessel, but actually had a steam engine in it. 00:05:35.600 --> 00:05:39.120 It was undergoing repairs, so they chose to sink it 00:05:39.120 --> 00:05:42.160 rather than it fall into Confederate forces. So 00:05:42.160 --> 00:05:46.479 there's really that was all the the South had to work with. 00:05:46.479 --> 00:05:49.919 So this gives you a little lay of the land here. So this is the Hampton Roads 00:05:49.919 --> 00:05:51.680 area, and for those of you that don't know 00:05:51.680 --> 00:05:55.039 it's actually an inlet from the Atlantic Ocean 00:05:55.039 --> 00:05:59.520 to a series of rivers, to the interior of Virginia so Hampton Roads is right here. 00:05:59.520 --> 00:06:04.479 So it's a waterway So in the south, you can watch my cursor here, this is 00:06:04.479 --> 00:06:08.000 where the Confederates came in. This is that Gosport Navy Yard 00:06:08.000 --> 00:06:12.080 which the Union Navy the United States Navy abandoned. But the South came up 00:06:12.080 --> 00:06:15.360 burning everything, and they crossed the waterway here. 00:06:15.360 --> 00:06:18.960 And they they took up station here in Newport News, 00:06:18.960 --> 00:06:22.479 right around here, and Hampton, which is over here. 00:06:22.479 --> 00:06:27.199 So this gives you the lay of the land. So remember, I mentioned that vessel the 00:06:27.199 --> 00:06:31.680 USS Merrimack, so here we see it. You see it looks like a typical sailing ship. 00:06:31.680 --> 00:06:34.560 Sails and things. There's the guns on the side, 00:06:34.560 --> 00:06:37.680 and it had an engine. So you can see the stack right there. 00:06:37.680 --> 00:06:42.160 So again, the Union Navy burned that, it actually sank at the dock, 00:06:42.160 --> 00:06:45.360 and the South didn't really have ship yards. Didn't have a way of building these 00:06:45.360 --> 00:06:49.840 massive ships. So they had to basically take what they could get. 00:06:49.840 --> 00:06:53.599 So they raised the Virginia from the 00:06:53.599 --> 00:06:57.039 bottom of the riverbed, and put it into this drydock, and rebuilt 00:06:57.039 --> 00:07:01.599 it to what you see here. So now this is the CSS Virginia the Confederate vessel 00:07:01.599 --> 00:07:04.880 made from the remains of the Merrimack, and 00:07:04.880 --> 00:07:08.720 again they didn't have that shipyard. They didn't have those those big 00:07:08.720 --> 00:07:14.160 Navy ways of building these massive vessels. So they 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:17.440 had to try to go with sort of cutting edge technology at the time. 00:07:17.440 --> 00:07:21.199 And one of those concepts was called an ironclad. So they would basically put 00:07:21.199 --> 00:07:24.319 iron armor around a wooden ship to help 00:07:24.319 --> 00:07:28.000 protect it, and that's what they did here. This sort of strange looking vessel on 00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:32.160 the bottom. Now the South didn't make it a secret 00:07:32.160 --> 00:07:34.639 that they were building the ship, because they really wanted to 00:07:34.639 --> 00:07:38.240 to scare the North. They wanted to scare the population of the North. They wanted 00:07:38.240 --> 00:07:40.639 to scare the Union Navy and President Lincoln 00:07:40.639 --> 00:07:44.560 that they were building this unstoppable sort of naval monster that nobody could stop. 00:07:44.560 --> 00:07:48.479 It could basically steam right through a 00:07:48.479 --> 00:07:51.759 fleet of wooden warships and destroy them without being damaged itself, 00:07:51.759 --> 00:07:55.840 because it had those iron sides. So because the North knew this was 00:07:55.840 --> 00:07:58.639 happening, and the South even went so far as to put it in magazines. 00:07:58.639 --> 00:08:01.280 There's drawings and magazines and newspapers at the time where they were 00:08:01.280 --> 00:08:05.120 showing this off to scare people. So President Lincoln put 00:08:05.120 --> 00:08:08.560 out basically a contract asking inventors to come forward with 00:08:08.560 --> 00:08:13.199 designs. Someone who could stop this monster. So 00:08:13.199 --> 00:08:17.520 the man that actually won the contract was a Swedish-American inventor, 00:08:17.520 --> 00:08:21.919 an immigrant, John Ericsson. So he was a naval engineering genius. 00:08:21.919 --> 00:08:25.280 He was actually one of the people actually credited with designing 00:08:25.280 --> 00:08:28.479 the screw propeller. So like you see a little outboard engine with a propeller 00:08:28.479 --> 00:08:31.440 on it, it goes right back to John Ericsson. So 00:08:31.440 --> 00:08:35.279 a very, very famous man, and he came up with a really weird 00:08:35.279 --> 00:08:38.800 concept. Here's an early design we can see here 00:08:38.800 --> 00:08:41.360 back from 1854. So it shows he's already kind of 00:08:41.360 --> 00:08:44.880 thinking along the lines what became the Monitor. 00:08:44.880 --> 00:08:48.399 It almost looks like a flying saucer from an old 1950s movie. 00:08:48.399 --> 00:08:51.440 It's really strange looking, but what's new is this, 00:08:51.440 --> 00:08:55.360 what I'm circling right here, and that's a turret. So just like you see on 00:08:55.360 --> 00:08:59.200 battleships from World War II, they have a gun inside it and it could 00:08:59.200 --> 00:09:02.240 move around. It could pivot all the way around so you don't have to 00:09:02.240 --> 00:09:05.760 move the ship to actually fire on anything. You just move the turret, 00:09:05.760 --> 00:09:09.440 and that was the new innovation, as well as the working spaces 00:09:09.440 --> 00:09:13.120 all underneath the water line. So if you're trying to shoot this ship with a 00:09:13.120 --> 00:09:16.800 cannonball there's not much to hit. So this is what 00:09:16.800 --> 00:09:21.839 he came up with. This is his design to fight the CSS Virginia. This is the 00:09:21.839 --> 00:09:25.760 USS Monitor. This is her plans, the drawings for it. 00:09:25.760 --> 00:09:28.959 So again, it's a little different from the one we just saw. A little more 00:09:28.959 --> 00:09:32.240 angular, a little straighter, but you can see this blue, here's the 00:09:32.240 --> 00:09:36.640 water line, so all this, all these working spaces here, that's all 00:09:36.640 --> 00:09:39.440 underneath the water. The only thing sticking above it was 00:09:39.440 --> 00:09:43.120 this gun turret. So this one has two guns in it. You can see they're actually 00:09:43.120 --> 00:09:46.240 gigantic 11-inch Dahlgren guns. They're about 00:09:46.240 --> 00:09:50.800 12 feet long. They're just huge, but this is the first time too in really 00:09:50.800 --> 00:09:53.600 naval history, where all the working spaces are below the 00:09:53.600 --> 00:09:56.720 water line. So people are going to have to like psychologically get that in their mind 00:09:56.720 --> 00:09:59.440 that they can't just take a breath in the open air. They have 00:09:59.440 --> 00:10:01.839 to work in what they thought was an iron coffin. 00:10:01.839 --> 00:10:06.959 So many new things are happening here. In fact, a lot of people looked at 00:10:06.959 --> 00:10:10.240 this weird little ship, and they thought there's no way that's gonna float, right? 00:10:10.240 --> 00:10:14.000 But John Ericsson was a very, he had a lot of pride in himself. He 00:10:14.000 --> 00:10:16.399 was very boastful. He'd like to talk about 00:10:16.399 --> 00:10:20.160 what a genius he was, and he says "I'm going to stand on the deck on the top of 00:10:20.160 --> 00:10:23.680 this ship and when it slides off, (this is called the ways, which is this 00:10:23.680 --> 00:10:27.120 ramp that goes into the water from where it's being built in the shed here), it 00:10:27.120 --> 00:10:30.480 slides right into the waters and it's going to lay within about eight or nine inches 00:10:30.480 --> 00:10:35.279 where it's supposed to. I bet you." And sure enough January 30th of 1862, 00:10:35.279 --> 00:10:37.440 when it finally slid into the water for the first time 00:10:37.440 --> 00:10:42.399 in Greenpoint, New York, it did just like he said. 00:10:42.399 --> 00:10:47.200 So, again, just a little bit that's above the water line here, only about eight or 00:10:47.200 --> 00:10:49.839 nine inches. So really difficult to hit with a 00:10:49.839 --> 00:10:52.959 cannonball. You can see all the working spaces underneath the 00:10:52.959 --> 00:10:57.920 water and there's that gun turret, the first of its kind. 00:10:58.959 --> 00:11:01.839 So here's here's another good view of the Monitor. So you can really get a 00:11:01.839 --> 00:11:04.240 sense of how strange the ship looked. People 00:11:04.240 --> 00:11:08.240 called it a cheese box on a raft. So think about cheese boxes. 00:11:08.240 --> 00:11:11.680 Like this big round wheel of cheese inside a box. It looks like 00:11:11.680 --> 00:11:15.279 that's what it was on top of this barge essentially. It's just a strange 00:11:15.279 --> 00:11:19.279 looking ship. But this is the precursor to all modern 00:11:19.279 --> 00:11:23.360 naval weapons, modern naval ships. And if we put these two 00:11:23.360 --> 00:11:26.560 ships side-by-side, you can see how different they are. 00:11:26.560 --> 00:11:29.760 The Monitor is much smaller than the Virginia. 00:11:29.760 --> 00:11:33.440 It actually had a lot less of the ship underneath the water too. It only went 00:11:33.440 --> 00:11:37.680 down underneath about 12 feet or so. So it can move around in lot shallower 00:11:37.680 --> 00:11:41.279 water. Well the Virginia you see here on the other side 00:11:41.279 --> 00:11:44.720 was much deeper under the water. Remember these engines didn't work very well 00:11:44.720 --> 00:11:46.880 because it was undergoing repairs when the 00:11:46.880 --> 00:11:50.560 Union Navy tried to destroy it. But about 23 feet 00:11:50.560 --> 00:11:53.839 underneath, what you can see here is that's where the bottom of their ship is. 00:11:53.839 --> 00:11:58.560 So they can't move in shallow water. You can also see with the the sloping sides 00:11:58.560 --> 00:12:01.360 that they have here, it almost looks like 00:12:01.360 --> 00:12:05.519 a modern sort of stealth ship, right? Well, it has the same sort of purpose, 00:12:05.519 --> 00:12:07.279 where the cannonballs would actually hit it 00:12:07.279 --> 00:12:10.959 and ricochet off just like in modern stealth ships where the sound waves 00:12:10.959 --> 00:12:15.279 hit her radar, and it would bounce off. So same type of technology but for a 00:12:15.279 --> 00:12:17.920 different purpose. 00:12:18.000 --> 00:12:24.560 So on March 8th of 1862, the CSS Virginia departs the Gosport Navy Yard 00:12:24.560 --> 00:12:27.839 for the very first time. It's called, they call it it's maiden voyage. It's 00:12:27.839 --> 00:12:31.839 the first time it's actually left the dock and it sails off into 00:12:31.839 --> 00:12:35.120 Hampton Roads that I showed you before on that map, and it attacks the Union 00:12:35.120 --> 00:12:39.040 fleet there. And it's unstoppable. So you see from the 00:12:39.040 --> 00:12:41.760 pictures here, the CSS Virginia rams the Cumberland at 00:12:41.760 --> 00:12:46.399 point blank range. You can see that the Cumberland is sinking 00:12:46.399 --> 00:12:50.240 as men escape the burning warship. You can actually see people 00:12:50.240 --> 00:12:53.920 jumping off as the CSS Virginia is right up next to 00:12:53.920 --> 00:12:57.680 it just firing directly into the hull. 00:12:58.160 --> 00:13:01.360 There's some more shots of that and this is really what it was like. I mean they 00:13:01.360 --> 00:13:03.200 couldn't stop the ship. It could come right 00:13:03.200 --> 00:13:07.680 next to it, open up with all its guns and the poor USS Cumberland 00:13:07.680 --> 00:13:11.040 just took all those hits. So you can see the damage that's happening here and 00:13:11.040 --> 00:13:14.880 the men trying to fight back as best they can. 00:13:14.880 --> 00:13:19.600 They, here we see the Cumberland sinking against the men they're trying to escape. 00:13:19.680 --> 00:13:22.720 Then the USS Congress, another warship that runs aground, 00:13:22.720 --> 00:13:26.399 and the CSS Virginia comes up and immediately starts firing on it and sets 00:13:26.399 --> 00:13:31.440 it on fire. There's some more views of that. 00:13:32.000 --> 00:13:35.760 So what happened in less than eight hours on that March 8th battle, 00:13:35.760 --> 00:13:39.440 the Virginia sank four vessels, captured a transport, 00:13:39.440 --> 00:13:46.720 and damaged four other Union warships. So they killed over 241 Union sailors 00:13:46.720 --> 00:13:50.399 and over a hundred wounded. This is the worst U.S. Navy defeat before Pearl Harbor 00:13:50.399 --> 00:13:53.760 and in contrast, to show you how heavily 00:13:53.760 --> 00:13:58.079 armored that Virginia was, it only suffered two dead and had 00:13:58.079 --> 00:14:01.519 about a dozen wounded. So right there it shows you that this 00:14:01.519 --> 00:14:05.760 new technology that the South was using was nearly unstoppable. 00:14:05.760 --> 00:14:10.480 Only another iron warship could stop an iron warship. 00:14:13.760 --> 00:14:18.560 So which brings us to the next day of March 9th of 1862. 00:14:18.560 --> 00:14:23.120 This is when the USS Monitor is now in Hampton Roads. The night before 00:14:23.120 --> 00:14:27.920 it steams into the area. It stops in Fort Monroe to get orders, 00:14:27.920 --> 00:14:31.600 but all around it is illuminated by these burning Union ships. 00:14:31.600 --> 00:14:34.800 So there's one Union vessel, USS Minnesota that 00:14:34.800 --> 00:14:40.399 is hard aground, which means it basically hit a shoal and it's stuck 00:14:40.399 --> 00:14:44.000 on the sand and can't move. So the Monitor is ordered to protect 00:14:44.000 --> 00:14:47.199 that ship, and the next morning it's right there in front of it. The 00:14:47.199 --> 00:14:51.199 Virginia comes back out to try to attack the fleet and try to sink the Minnesota, 00:14:51.199 --> 00:14:54.480 and the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimack begins. The first clash of 00:14:54.480 --> 00:14:59.199 the ironclads. This battle goes on for about four hours, 00:14:59.199 --> 00:15:02.720 where each ship is coming right up next to the other one, sometimes bumping each 00:15:02.720 --> 00:15:06.399 other, trying to ram one another, and neither ship can actually penetrate 00:15:06.399 --> 00:15:09.519 the other one with their cannonballs. It keeps bouncing off. 00:15:09.519 --> 00:15:13.120 So what happens eventually is that the Captain Worden 00:15:13.120 --> 00:15:17.199 from the Monitor is hit with a bit of shrapnel when he's looking outside 00:15:17.199 --> 00:15:22.320 the pilot house and the Monitor peels off a little bit to try to change 00:15:22.320 --> 00:15:27.680 command, put somebody else in charge, Lieutenant Dana Green, and when they're 00:15:27.680 --> 00:15:31.279 doing that the Virginia sees the Monitor leaving, and they think "Oh 00:15:31.279 --> 00:15:34.639 look there's the Monitor turning tail and running. We won!" 00:15:34.639 --> 00:15:38.959 So they turn and go back to shore and by the time the Monitor comes back with a 00:15:38.959 --> 00:15:42.079 new commander, and they see the Virginia leaving, they 00:15:42.079 --> 00:15:45.040 thought, "Oh look, the Virginia's leaving. We won!" 00:15:45.040 --> 00:15:49.199 And the battle was actually a stalemate, with both sides thinking they won. But 00:15:49.199 --> 00:15:52.720 the real loser here was the wooden warships and the 00:15:52.720 --> 00:15:56.240 winner, if you want to call it that, was this brand new technology 00:15:56.240 --> 00:15:59.440 that proved it was the new way forward which is ironclad 00:15:59.440 --> 00:16:04.399 warships, metal warships, and that revolving gun turret. 00:16:04.480 --> 00:16:08.160 So the Monitor didn't stop there even though that was the only battle between 00:16:08.160 --> 00:16:11.440 the Virginia and the Monitor, each time that one ship tried to pull the other 00:16:11.440 --> 00:16:14.399 one out to fight again, but they wouldn't do it because these are such precious 00:16:14.399 --> 00:16:17.519 vessels. They didn't want to endanger them. So 00:16:17.519 --> 00:16:20.480 the Monitor did other actions, where it helped other vessels and 00:16:20.480 --> 00:16:24.480 shelled shore batteries, where basically a shore 00:16:24.480 --> 00:16:27.040 battery, as you can see the South here with their guns 00:16:27.040 --> 00:16:30.639 up on a cliff firing down, the ships that go by and try to fire them and knock 00:16:30.639 --> 00:16:36.000 them out. That happened on May 8th of 1862. They had another action 00:16:36.000 --> 00:16:39.680 where they helped at Drewry's Bluff where they were firing again at the 00:16:39.680 --> 00:16:44.560 shore, and here's the Monitor right there that's all it really did. 00:16:44.560 --> 00:16:48.480 It actually helped with support as well with the 00:16:48.480 --> 00:16:52.480 Army withdrawal from the Battle of Malvern Hill. 00:16:53.199 --> 00:16:56.639 But for most of its life, Monitor actually stood in 00:16:56.639 --> 00:16:59.839 Hampton Roads, and basically guarded it to make sure it was 00:16:59.839 --> 00:17:03.759 a safe place for ships to move in and out, and protect the Union fleet there. 00:17:03.759 --> 00:17:07.760 And here, we see the crew sitting out on the deck on the Monitor. 00:17:07.760 --> 00:17:13.199 Now those that live in the south in the summer will know that it's 00:17:13.199 --> 00:17:16.319 really hot here, and as you can see this is July and August, so they're not out 00:17:16.319 --> 00:17:20.799 here just because they're relaxing. It's so hot underneath inside 00:17:20.799 --> 00:17:22.720 the ship. Underneath the hull here that they're 00:17:22.720 --> 00:17:25.280 out here just to get a breath of fresh air. So they're out here cooking. 00:17:25.280 --> 00:17:29.120 You can see the cook top here and all the crew here just relaxing 00:17:29.120 --> 00:17:32.080 getting a little breath of fresh air and relief from that heat that's inside the ship, 00:17:32.080 --> 00:17:37.520 which brings us to December 30th of 1862, 00:17:37.520 --> 00:17:43.360 with the Monitor is under tow by the USS Rhode Island, that you can see 00:17:43.360 --> 00:17:45.520 here in the background. It's a side paddle wheeler, 00:17:45.520 --> 00:17:49.360 which means it doesn't have a propeller, it actually has these paddles here. This 00:17:49.360 --> 00:17:51.440 paddle wheel that actually moves it along, and it's 00:17:51.440 --> 00:17:55.360 towing the USS Monitor from Hampton Roads down to Beaufort, 00:17:55.360 --> 00:17:58.160 South Carolina, where they start running into bigger and 00:17:58.160 --> 00:18:00.799 bigger seas and the winds are increasing off 00:18:00.799 --> 00:18:05.039 Cape Hatteras in North Carolina. They're battling it as best they can moving very 00:18:05.039 --> 00:18:09.520 slowly south, until December 31st of 1862. 00:18:09.520 --> 00:18:12.559 The waves are getting even bigger, the wind's increasing, 00:18:12.559 --> 00:18:16.400 and finally at night the captain decides he has to 00:18:16.400 --> 00:18:20.559 abandon ship. So he told the Rhode Island "I'm going to raise a red signal lantern 00:18:20.559 --> 00:18:23.760 (that you can see right here on top of the turret). When you 00:18:23.760 --> 00:18:26.640 see that we're abandoning our ship. We need help 00:18:26.640 --> 00:18:30.559 getting the men off." So the painting here, this very famous painting, 00:18:30.559 --> 00:18:36.000 shows the Rhode Islands crew here at a longboat pulling alongside and trying to 00:18:36.000 --> 00:18:39.039 get the Monitor's crew off, but you can see how hard that is. 00:18:39.039 --> 00:18:42.240 Remember the Monitor only had about eight inches above the water line, right? 00:18:42.240 --> 00:18:46.960 So we got these 15 to 20 foot waves washing all over the deck, men being 00:18:46.960 --> 00:18:49.840 swept off, and it's just a horrible time. 00:18:49.840 --> 00:18:54.559 So sadly just after midnight on December 31st, 00:18:54.559 --> 00:18:58.480 the little red signal lantern bobs once, twice, 00:18:58.480 --> 00:19:02.320 three times, and disappears, and the Monitor is no more. 00:19:02.320 --> 00:19:05.600 The Monitor goes to the bottom. 00:19:05.760 --> 00:19:11.600 So the Monitor is lost history for over a hundred years until 1973, 00:19:11.600 --> 00:19:15.360 when a group from Duke University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 00:19:15.360 --> 00:19:18.080 National Geographic, and the North Carolina Department of Cultural 00:19:18.080 --> 00:19:20.960 Resources decided to go out and test some 00:19:20.960 --> 00:19:24.080 prototype seismic gear, which is gear they could sort of image 00:19:24.080 --> 00:19:28.000 the sea floor. And they wanted to prove how effective 00:19:28.000 --> 00:19:32.000 it was by looking for a very particular ship with a very particular shape. 00:19:32.000 --> 00:19:38.080 And that was the USS Monitor so in 1973 they go out and as it happens for some 00:19:38.080 --> 00:19:40.320 reason on every one of these types of projects, 00:19:40.320 --> 00:19:44.000 you find something on the very last day that you're out there. So on that very 00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:46.880 last day, they find what they think, they call is a 00:19:46.880 --> 00:19:50.559 long amorphous echo, and that's what a side scan sonar 00:19:50.559 --> 00:19:53.440 kind of gives you, it gives you an image from sound 00:19:53.440 --> 00:19:56.480 and there it is right there, but it's a strange looking thing. 00:19:56.480 --> 00:20:00.320 You know, and one of the reasons that it immediately didn't say it was the Monitor, 00:20:00.320 --> 00:20:05.360 because they expected to see the turret on top, and what they didn't expect 00:20:05.360 --> 00:20:09.039 was the turret was underneath the Monitor. So when 00:20:09.039 --> 00:20:12.080 everything finally clicked, and they realized the ship was upside down, the 00:20:12.080 --> 00:20:15.360 turret was underneath it, they said, "Oh my lord, we found it." So on 00:20:15.360 --> 00:20:18.799 March 8th 1974, after looking over a year looking at the 00:20:18.799 --> 00:20:23.440 data, they announced they officially found the USS Monitor. 00:20:23.440 --> 00:20:27.120 The Monitor was interesting because it actually lies 00:20:27.120 --> 00:20:31.120 way out of state waters. State waters are only three miles from shore 00:20:31.120 --> 00:20:35.440 and everything beyond that was seen as the high seas. Sort of a 'no man's land'. 00:20:35.440 --> 00:20:40.320 So NOAA had just passed a few years before something called the 00:20:40.320 --> 00:20:44.480 National Marine Sanctuaries Act. It was really set up to protect very 00:20:44.480 --> 00:20:48.400 special places in the oceans, in the Great Lakes that 00:20:48.400 --> 00:20:50.960 protected sort of things in the natural beauty, like coral 00:20:50.960 --> 00:20:54.880 reefs, endangered species, whales, things like that, but there's a 00:20:54.880 --> 00:20:57.679 little bit of a clause in there that said they also protected 00:20:57.679 --> 00:21:02.159 archaeological cultural resources and that's how the Monitor became 00:21:02.159 --> 00:21:06.400 the very first national marine sanctuary on January 30th in 1975. 00:21:06.400 --> 00:21:12.559 That's the 113th anniversary of the Monitor's launch from Greenpoint, New York. 00:21:12.559 --> 00:21:16.000 So it was really exciting during these early years 00:21:16.000 --> 00:21:19.679 investigating the site, diving on the shipwreck, this is kind of a time 00:21:19.679 --> 00:21:23.280 in marine science when people are trying all sorts of new technologies one of 00:21:23.280 --> 00:21:26.880 those was working with these research submarines. So you can see 00:21:26.880 --> 00:21:32.480 it right here. It's the Harbor Branch vessel, and you can see there's a big 00:21:32.480 --> 00:21:34.080 bubble right here. That's where the people go 00:21:34.080 --> 00:21:37.679 inside and this back part actually had an area where these divers 00:21:37.679 --> 00:21:40.720 could lock themselves out wearing a helmet, 00:21:40.720 --> 00:21:44.000 a little emergency tank, and then an air hose, and he could 00:21:44.000 --> 00:21:47.280 dive outside of this submarine. Leave the submarine, 00:21:47.280 --> 00:21:50.080 and then walk on the sea floor, and document the site. So it's just 00:21:50.080 --> 00:21:53.760 incredible, incredible work. And one of the first 00:21:53.760 --> 00:21:57.280 artifacts actually discovered on the site was that red signal lantern. That 00:21:57.280 --> 00:22:00.559 same one that signaled the Monitor was sinking to the Rhode Island. 00:22:00.559 --> 00:22:04.720 It was actually the very first artifact ever found on the site, and it was laying 00:22:04.720 --> 00:22:10.240 just off the bow. So that was, we did a whole archaeological research plan. 00:22:10.240 --> 00:22:13.760 We had funding in place. We worked with the Smithsonian, and we 00:22:13.760 --> 00:22:17.120 recovered the lantern, and had it conserved. Now you can 00:22:17.120 --> 00:22:20.640 see it on display at The Mariners' Museum and Park in Newport News, 00:22:20.640 --> 00:22:23.520 Virginia, as well as the Monitor's anchor, you can see here that was brought 00:22:23.520 --> 00:22:29.039 up in 1983. But what they had realized looking at 00:22:29.039 --> 00:22:32.640 Monitor for all these years was it's an iron warship, and if you know 00:22:32.640 --> 00:22:36.960 anything about iron and salt water, saltwater corrodes iron pretty quickly. 00:22:36.960 --> 00:22:39.679 So they thought, if we need to save part of 00:22:39.679 --> 00:22:42.720 these shipwrecks to bring it up and share with the American people, 00:22:42.720 --> 00:22:46.799 what are we going to do? Hhow do we do that? So what are we going to recover? 00:22:46.799 --> 00:22:50.400 So they decided that the most iconic part of the Monitor is that 00:22:50.400 --> 00:22:53.440 rotating gun turret, right? That's the first one in history in the world, 00:22:53.440 --> 00:22:57.760 that went to battle and proved that these turrets with the guns inside 00:22:57.760 --> 00:23:00.799 was the way forward. So and that's the great, great 00:23:00.799 --> 00:23:03.840 grandfather essentially of all big modern naval guns. 00:23:03.840 --> 00:23:07.360 That's the Monitor's. So they decided that's what we need to get. 00:23:07.360 --> 00:23:10.960 But it's underneath the ship so they had to cut away part of the armor belt. 00:23:10.960 --> 00:23:14.559 They decided to get the engine as well because it's another John Ericsson 00:23:14.559 --> 00:23:17.440 design. It's really iconic, as well as the propeller too, because 00:23:17.440 --> 00:23:21.600 don't forget, not only was it designed by 00:23:21.600 --> 00:23:23.840 John Ericsson for the Monitor, but he is also 00:23:23.840 --> 00:23:26.960 credited with one of the people who designed the very first propellers, so 00:23:26.960 --> 00:23:33.120 very important. So in 1998, we worked with the U.S. Navy and the Navy divers at 00:23:33.120 --> 00:23:37.840 MDSU-2, which is out of Little Creek, Virginia. You can see 00:23:37.840 --> 00:23:41.120 this is the drawing of the propeller here. 00:23:41.120 --> 00:23:44.480 You see my cursor and here it is as we brought it up. 00:23:44.480 --> 00:23:47.600 Here is underwater and now you can see it actually on display at 00:23:47.600 --> 00:23:51.840 The Mariners' Museum and Park, so it's just wonderful. 00:23:52.480 --> 00:23:56.640 Now the engine, we had to get the engine so the engine was actually on top of the 00:23:56.640 --> 00:23:59.840 turret. So you can see here on the left, a very 00:23:59.840 --> 00:24:02.840 large structure. You can see it here in the video 00:24:02.840 --> 00:24:07.600 underwater. We put it over the the aft end or the back end of the 00:24:07.600 --> 00:24:12.159 Monitor, the tail end, lowered a little frame down across the 00:24:12.159 --> 00:24:15.440 hull attached that little frame, there you can 00:24:15.440 --> 00:24:18.880 see it drop down to the engine, cut it away and then drew 00:24:18.880 --> 00:24:20.960 it all the way up. And that you can see it right there. 00:24:20.960 --> 00:24:24.240 That was in 2001. 00:24:24.799 --> 00:24:28.960 And then the next year 2002, now we're going after the gun turret. 00:24:28.960 --> 00:24:32.559 So we remove part of the decking and the armor belts, swung them off the side and 00:24:32.559 --> 00:24:38.240 just drop them gently on the sea floor. And now it's ready to go, but it wasn't, 00:24:38.240 --> 00:24:40.880 because what we had thought was basically just a little bit of sand in 00:24:40.880 --> 00:24:44.159 there, we realized that one of the Monitor's coal bunkers, which 00:24:44.159 --> 00:24:47.840 is a storage area, bunkers area a storage area where they would keep the coal that ran 00:24:47.840 --> 00:24:50.400 the engines, actually broke open and dumped its 00:24:50.400 --> 00:24:54.880 entire contents into the turret. So now we had to excavate that. Remove 00:24:54.880 --> 00:24:57.600 that gently because now it was too heavy to lift. 00:24:57.600 --> 00:25:00.799 So we worked again with the U.S. Navy divers, and 00:25:00.799 --> 00:25:04.720 we did that excavation being very gentle, because there was a chance we might find 00:25:04.720 --> 00:25:10.000 sailors in there, human remains. And here's the big recovery structure we 00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:12.240 used. We call it the 'spider'. So you can see it here, 00:25:12.240 --> 00:25:15.520 right here. See my cursor. We call it the 'spider' because it looks like that with 00:25:15.520 --> 00:25:17.760 those eight giant legs that would open up 00:25:17.760 --> 00:25:22.240 and grasp the turret and then move it over to what we called here the platform, 00:25:22.240 --> 00:25:26.320 which is this big circular piece. And the two pieces would seriously sandwich 00:25:26.320 --> 00:25:29.279 together with the turret inside it keeping it 00:25:29.279 --> 00:25:33.120 safe so everything stayed inside there. 00:25:33.200 --> 00:25:36.960 And again you heard me talking about the U.s. Navy and the U.S. Navy divers, and we 00:25:36.960 --> 00:25:40.320 couldn't have done this without them. And this video shows a fantastic shot of 00:25:40.320 --> 00:25:44.159 the Johnson Sea Link 2, the Harbor Branch submersible. You can 00:25:44.159 --> 00:25:47.279 see a Navy diver walking along the armor belt of the 00:25:47.279 --> 00:25:51.840 Monitor, and then here's the armor belt cut away, and then there's 00:25:51.840 --> 00:25:56.799 that spider structure with a turret inside it. So this is just before the 00:25:56.799 --> 00:26:00.159 recovery. But just incredible work and we're so thankful for their 00:26:00.159 --> 00:26:04.880 partnership with us. But I should also mention that NOAA has 00:26:04.880 --> 00:26:08.960 its own dive team as well. So we're technical divers. This is, you 00:26:08.960 --> 00:26:11.039 know, quite a long time ago, but we were wearing 00:26:11.039 --> 00:26:14.880 big double tanks on our back with tri-mix, which is a mixture of sort of 00:26:14.880 --> 00:26:19.760 helium, oxygen, and nitrogen. We would carry decompression tanks under our arms, 00:26:19.760 --> 00:26:22.640 because it's so deep we had to decompress slowly as we came up 00:26:22.640 --> 00:26:26.080 so we wouldn't get bends. But we would go down there and we would document the 00:26:26.080 --> 00:26:29.760 site before the Navy went there, help recover artifacts if they're 00:26:29.760 --> 00:26:31.919 there. So you kind of think we're sort of the scalpel 00:26:31.919 --> 00:26:36.000 and the Navy was the chainsaw essentially, but we worked hand-in-hand 00:26:36.000 --> 00:26:40.240 together. It worked very well. Here's an example of 00:26:40.240 --> 00:26:44.720 the giant barge that we had on site. This big, big crane to pick up the turret, 00:26:44.720 --> 00:26:47.600 and here's that spider structure right here that 00:26:47.600 --> 00:26:52.240 platform. And on August 5th of 2002 00:26:52.240 --> 00:26:57.360 the turret was recovered after a 45-day project. A total weight of over 230 tons. 00:26:57.360 --> 00:27:02.720 When it finally broke the surface, it was a fantastic day for all of us! 00:27:02.799 --> 00:27:06.320 But most of us think that "oh hey you guys went out, you dove on the shipwrecks, 00:27:06.320 --> 00:27:09.520 did all this exciting work, you brought it up, and now you're done, right? 00:27:09.520 --> 00:27:12.880 You're finished." Well that's only the start of the project. About 00:27:12.880 --> 00:27:17.600 75 percent of the project still has to go to conserve and excavate the turret, 00:27:17.600 --> 00:27:21.919 the engine, and all the other pieces of parts. So incredible amount of work. 00:27:21.919 --> 00:27:26.799 Still ongoing. So we worked hand-in-hand with conservators from The Mariner's 00:27:26.799 --> 00:27:31.760 Museum and Park, again in Newport News, and we excavated the turret, being very 00:27:31.760 --> 00:27:34.880 gentle to remove any of that coal that's 00:27:34.880 --> 00:27:38.399 still in there, sort of the mud and any of those type of things. 00:27:38.399 --> 00:27:41.679 We actually found a lantern that lit the turret the night 00:27:41.679 --> 00:27:43.840 it sank right here. This is actually Wayne Lusardi, 00:27:43.840 --> 00:27:47.600 who was working for the museum, is now works for the State of Michigan, 00:27:47.600 --> 00:27:51.039 and he's stationed at Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary in Alpena 00:27:51.039 --> 00:27:53.520 Michigan. 00:27:53.679 --> 00:27:58.159 Then as well, it's how do you map this thing? It's 22 feet across 00:27:58.159 --> 00:28:03.760 and nine feet tall. It's incredibly big. So we based it like it was a land 00:28:03.760 --> 00:28:07.919 excavation, we set up lines. We're very lucky that it was 00:28:07.919 --> 00:28:12.320 basically, we've got lines that go across here with 00:28:12.320 --> 00:28:15.600 these frames across. And then these other ones that are up 00:28:15.600 --> 00:28:18.960 and down. So it created this grid structure just as we have in archaeological 00:28:18.960 --> 00:28:22.080 land excavation. And I should mention, we actually did 00:28:22.080 --> 00:28:26.559 find two sailors inside the turret as well, that both lost 00:28:26.559 --> 00:28:28.799 their lives during the night of the sinking. You can 00:28:28.799 --> 00:28:31.440 kind of see them here, this representation. 00:28:31.440 --> 00:28:35.200 They were possibly waiting, you know, for the lifeboat to come. 00:28:35.200 --> 00:28:38.480 They were lit by that lantern that you saw on the previous screen, 00:28:38.480 --> 00:28:43.039 and, you know, we took every care we could to help excavate them working with 00:28:43.039 --> 00:28:45.840 the military, who took the lead, and we assisted them 00:28:45.840 --> 00:28:49.840 with the recovery of these two sailors. 00:28:50.159 --> 00:28:53.200 But this is a great example of how you document these things. This is actually a 00:28:53.200 --> 00:28:56.399 laser scan. You can see here of the interior. The 00:28:56.399 --> 00:29:01.200 laser sort of documents the surface of the interior of the turret because 00:29:01.200 --> 00:29:05.279 it's so difficult to really to map that in such high detail. So we worked with 00:29:05.279 --> 00:29:09.200 the highest technology we could to do that. 00:29:09.360 --> 00:29:12.559 And also I can't say enough about our partnership with The Mariners' Museum 00:29:12.559 --> 00:29:15.520 and Park. That we have this beautiful facility, 00:29:15.520 --> 00:29:19.360 the USS Monitor center that tells the story of the U.S. Navy and the ironclads 00:29:19.360 --> 00:29:22.320 and the Monitor. There's a full-scale reproduction of the 00:29:22.320 --> 00:29:25.039 USS Monitor out back of it that you can walk the 00:29:25.039 --> 00:29:28.559 deck of, made by the Apprentice School from the Newport News 00:29:28.559 --> 00:29:33.600 shipyard, and it's just gorgeous. And then a gigantic conservation 00:29:33.600 --> 00:29:37.039 facility the Baton Conservation facility. It's probably the biggest metals 00:29:37.039 --> 00:29:39.600 conservation facility in the entire country. 00:29:39.600 --> 00:29:43.120 So inside here you can see in this picture, this is the turret. it's inside a 00:29:43.120 --> 00:29:47.039 giant tank. We have the engine, the condenser is over here, the guns are 00:29:47.039 --> 00:29:50.720 just on the other side in separate tanks. And you can see these windows because we 00:29:50.720 --> 00:29:54.080 made a really special effort to make sure the public could view this 00:29:54.080 --> 00:29:57.360 whole processes that went on because it takes so long to conserve 00:29:57.360 --> 00:30:00.399 these items. I mean the turret could take another 10 to 15 00:30:00.399 --> 00:30:03.679 years, and we want to make sure the public can see that the whole time too. 00:30:03.679 --> 00:30:06.960 So there's all these little viewing angles right here so people can peer in 00:30:06.960 --> 00:30:10.320 and see what's going on. This is upstairs in the clean lab. It 00:30:10.320 --> 00:30:15.600 almost looks like something out of NASA So it's just just phenomenal. 00:30:15.600 --> 00:30:18.559 And we have to remember that you know there's a people story too. You know we 00:30:18.559 --> 00:30:20.880 have a gold ring that one of the sailors was 00:30:20.880 --> 00:30:25.200 wearing, their buttons, U.S. Navy, USN, their boots. 00:30:25.200 --> 00:30:28.640 You know, sort of these bottles of relish and ketchup, just like in 00:30:28.640 --> 00:30:31.760 MREs today with the military there's a little thing of Tabasco to help the food 00:30:31.760 --> 00:30:35.440 taste better. The U.S. Navy did that in the Civil War too. You know, ketchup, 00:30:35.440 --> 00:30:38.799 relish, mustard, anything to make the food taste better. 00:30:38.799 --> 00:30:42.080 Here's more of those human connections too, that we have to remember 00:30:42.080 --> 00:30:45.279 that these were human beings associated with this that perished, 00:30:45.279 --> 00:30:48.799 that died in the sinking. And these are a lot of the sailors, 00:30:48.799 --> 00:30:52.399 the officers, actually, their silverware, and they would have 00:30:52.399 --> 00:30:56.159 the silverware engraved with their initials because oftentimes the 00:30:56.159 --> 00:30:58.799 officers would come to the ship and bring their own silverware. So that's how 00:30:58.799 --> 00:31:01.760 you could track it. So we actually found theirs and all, actually 00:31:01.760 --> 00:31:04.480 the officers, that died during the sinking, we have 00:31:04.480 --> 00:31:07.840 a representation of their silverware from each one of them. 00:31:07.840 --> 00:31:10.880 So it's very special. 00:31:11.279 --> 00:31:16.320 And just to show you how complex this is too. So here's the engine in 2010 00:31:16.320 --> 00:31:20.480 to show you it's all covered with concretions and coral and marine growth. 00:31:20.480 --> 00:31:23.840 So that's all got to get removed, and then we take the whole thing apart to 00:31:23.840 --> 00:31:27.120 conserve it and put it back together again. So it's a massive job. 00:31:27.120 --> 00:31:32.480 So I'll take you through these years to show how it changed from 2010 to 2017, 00:31:32.480 --> 00:31:37.120 how long this process takes. So we tear little by little it's getting cleaner 00:31:37.120 --> 00:31:42.080 and cleaner. Looking a bit better, even more so, 00:31:42.080 --> 00:31:46.000 and now there it is in 2017. So all the concretion is missing. 00:31:46.000 --> 00:31:50.799 It's down to the bare metal but now the whole thing has to be taken apart, 00:31:50.799 --> 00:31:54.480 conserved separately, then put back together again. So again 00:31:54.480 --> 00:31:57.919 it's definitely worth it, but it's a lot of work. 00:31:57.919 --> 00:32:01.440 And then there's the turret as well too. Can't forget that, so here's 00:32:01.440 --> 00:32:05.519 some of the conservation staff inside working on the interior of the turret 00:32:05.519 --> 00:32:08.320 here. You know making sure it's conserved well. 00:32:08.320 --> 00:32:11.120 Again working with the highest technology we can, 00:32:11.120 --> 00:32:15.519 this is a digital scan getting you know accuracy within millimeters 00:32:15.519 --> 00:32:19.120 of the reconstruction of the turret here. So we know exactly what's 00:32:19.120 --> 00:32:21.200 happening with it. 00:32:21.279 --> 00:32:25.279 Again, here's more examples of that doing that. 00:32:25.519 --> 00:32:29.279 And also the ongoing conservation. So they actually put in 00:32:29.279 --> 00:32:32.320 a low-level electrical current through the turret, 00:32:32.320 --> 00:32:37.200 and those electrons and electricity help push out the sodium chloride ions, or 00:32:37.200 --> 00:32:40.720 salts, pushed out of the metal. So they fill it with fresh water, put the 00:32:40.720 --> 00:32:44.799 electrical current through, touches the metal, draws out the salt, 00:32:44.799 --> 00:32:48.240 then they clean out the drain the tank, filter out the water, and 00:32:48.240 --> 00:32:52.480 put it back again. So it's just a long, long ongoing process but it's the safest 00:32:52.480 --> 00:32:54.880 thing for the turret. It'll be the best thing for it in the 00:32:54.880 --> 00:32:58.559 long term. And we can't forget about those two 00:32:58.559 --> 00:33:01.040 sailors. These two sailors that I mentioned, 00:33:01.040 --> 00:33:04.640 we worked with the United States Navy and the Veterans Administration, and we're 00:33:04.640 --> 00:33:08.640 very proud to now have our two sailors buried in Arlington 00:33:08.640 --> 00:33:14.000 National Cemetery. We did a huge ceremony with the Navy on March 8th 00:33:14.000 --> 00:33:17.919 2013. It's 151 years after the Battle Hampton Roads and 10,000 00:33:17.919 --> 00:33:23.840 people showed up as we celebrated and honored these men who perished. We're 00:33:23.840 --> 00:33:28.240 not sure who they are at the moment, but we have our tombstone here that we 00:33:28.240 --> 00:33:30.559 honored all of the men that died during the night of the 00:33:30.559 --> 00:33:32.960 sinking. 00:33:33.120 --> 00:33:37.519 So we're very lucky though to be able to partner with Louisiana State University, 00:33:37.519 --> 00:33:41.600 and we had done scans of the two skulls of the sailors, 00:33:41.600 --> 00:33:46.559 and they recreated them in resin. And then working with Louisiana State 00:33:46.559 --> 00:33:50.720 University, they remolded their faces - what we think their 00:33:50.720 --> 00:33:54.000 faces look like. So here are two individuals right here this is 00:33:54.000 --> 00:33:58.880 our best bet, our belief on what they look like. 00:33:58.880 --> 00:34:03.200 And one of them is possibly, you know, it's up to you to decide, but 00:34:03.200 --> 00:34:07.840 maybe Robert Williams who's a Welshman who died during the sinking. But you can 00:34:07.840 --> 00:34:11.280 see if you look at the recreation here the cut of the jaw, the nose, the 00:34:11.280 --> 00:34:15.200 cheekbones, and we look here at the short historic photo right there, 00:34:15.200 --> 00:34:20.159 very, very similar. It's also very tall too. You can see him right here. 00:34:20.159 --> 00:34:24.000 So we we have a good feeling that it could be Williams, but we just don't know 00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:30.079 yet. But I like to think it is. And so the Monitor is still a vibrant 00:34:30.079 --> 00:34:33.679 site today. You know, we invite people to enjoy it. 00:34:33.679 --> 00:34:37.040 You can get a permit. You can dive there. It's very easy to do. We can 00:34:37.040 --> 00:34:40.480 come by and fish and enjoy yourself. We've got a data buoy at the site 00:34:40.480 --> 00:34:44.079 sharing real-time marine data with people all up and down 00:34:44.079 --> 00:34:49.359 coastal North Carolina. You know, which is wonderful. 00:34:49.359 --> 00:34:53.280 And here's the Monitor shipwreck site today. So it's still a fantastic 00:34:53.280 --> 00:34:56.399 dive site. Still so many stories yet to tell. 00:34:56.399 --> 00:35:00.160 And it's also a really thriving vibrant artificial reef, so all towards 00:35:00.160 --> 00:35:03.839 all sorts of marine life fish and all sorts of things now call this home. So 00:35:03.839 --> 00:35:08.400 it's sort of gone from a weapon of war to now an oasis of life, and we're really 00:35:08.400 --> 00:35:11.839 proud to keep telling Monitor stories and to 00:35:11.839 --> 00:35:16.480 encourage people to visit it and and visit our partners institutions and 00:35:16.480 --> 00:35:21.520 aquariums, museums across the country to learn more about the USS Monitor. 00:35:21.520 --> 00:35:25.280 And there we are, the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary today 16 miles off the 00:35:25.280 --> 00:35:28.800 coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and we invite everybody 00:35:28.800 --> 00:35:30.580 to learn more about it. Shannon back to you. 00:35:30.580 --> 00:35:34.400 (Shannon speaking) Thank you Tane that 00:35:34.400 --> 00:35:37.920 was very interesting. I really appreciate such a thorough and 00:35:37.920 --> 00:35:44.560 great presentation. All right, let me get us back to 00:35:44.560 --> 00:35:50.560 let us get us back to my screen. Let me 00:35:50.560 --> 00:35:56.880 change back to presenter here. All right and I'm going to go from 00:35:56.880 --> 00:35:59.839 current slide. 00:35:59.920 --> 00:36:04.480 All right. Well thank you again Tane. So while the Get Into Your Sanctuary events 00:36:04.480 --> 00:36:07.440 are being held virtually this year in response to the health and safety 00:36:07.440 --> 00:36:11.520 concerns due to COVID-19, our sanctuary waters have remained open 00:36:11.520 --> 00:36:16.640 for responsible use in accordance with CDC guidance and local regulations. 00:36:16.640 --> 00:36:19.920 More information on the response from NOAA's Office of National Marine 00:36:19.920 --> 00:36:23.560 Sanctuaries can be found on the website that's there listed, 00:36:23.560 --> 00:36:27.839 sanctuaries.noaa.gov/coronavirus 00:36:28.160 --> 00:36:31.839 If you do get a chance to experience a national marine sanctuary this summer or 00:36:31.839 --> 00:36:34.800 at any time, please share your photos on social media 00:36:34.800 --> 00:36:39.520 and use the hashtag #ILoveMySanctuary or 00:36:39.520 --> 00:36:43.920 #RecreateResponsibly. And for all you photographers out there, 00:36:43.920 --> 00:36:46.960 we have an annual photo contest that is open until 00:36:46.960 --> 00:36:51.839 September 7th. So be sure to go to the website and learn more about how you can 00:36:51.839 --> 00:36:55.599 submit your your images. There's also multiple 00:36:55.599 --> 00:37:00.079 categories that you can enter. Now if you enjoyed this presentation, be 00:37:00.079 --> 00:37:02.640 sure to join us throughout this weekend to watch 00:37:02.640 --> 00:37:06.079 more and to learn about the great things that you can do and see across 00:37:06.079 --> 00:37:11.680 your national marine sanctuary system and to plan your next visit. 00:37:11.680 --> 00:37:15.359 So thank you for joining us. For more information about the Monitor National 00:37:15.359 --> 00:37:20.079 Marine Sanctuary go to monitor.noaa.gov and if you have any questions for Tane 00:37:20.079 --> 00:37:25.520 or for myself, be sure to email them at monitor@noaa.gov. 00:37:25.520 --> 00:37:30.880 as is it's there on your screen. Thank you so much for joining us 00:37:30.880 --> 00:37:35.200 today, we really appreciate your time and thank you again Tane for just the 00:37:35.200 --> 00:37:39.680 wonderful presentation. So have a wonderful day everyone and 00:37:39.680 --> 00:37:47.920 Get Into Your Sanctuary! (Tane speaking) Thanks everybody.